初中英语人教新目标七年级下册Unit 10知识点

这是一份初中英语人教新目标七年级下册Unit 10知识点，共5页。
七年级英语下册Unit10知识点【Useful expressions】1.would like 愿意;喜欢2.take one’s order 点菜3.one (large) bowl of 一（大）碗…...4.what size 什么尺寸5.what kind 什么种类6.a small/ medium/ large bowl一份小/中/大碗的7.green tea 绿茶8.orange juice 橙汁9.birthday cake 生日蛋糕10.the number of… ...…的数量11.make a wish 许愿12.blow out 吹灭13.cakes with candles 插有蜡烛的蛋糕14.in/at one go 一口气15.come true (梦想)实现16.cut up 切碎17.bring good luck to...给…...带来好运18.different kinds of.....不同种类的......19.be short of... 缺少.....;缺乏......20.make sb.do sth.让某人做某事21.get popular 受欢迎；流行22.a symbol of long life 长寿的象征【Target sentences】— What would you like? — I’d like some noodles.— What kind of noodles would you like? — I’d like beef noodles, please.3.— What size would you like? — I’d like a small bowl.4.— Are there any vegetables in the beef soup? — Yes.There are some tomatoes.5.I like dumplings, fish and orange juice.6.I don’t like onions, green tea or porridge.7.The answer would be different in different countries.8.The number of candles is the person's age.9.If he or she blows out all the candles in one go, the wish will come true.10.In China, it is getting popular to have cake on your birthday.11.They never cut up the noodles because the long noodles are a symbol of long life.12.All of these birthday foods may be different, but the ideas are the same.【Language points】1.What would you like? 您需要什么？ would like和want表示“要；想要”，但两者语气上差别较大。前者礼貌委婉、正式规范，后者直接、非正式且随意。 I would like some oranges.=I want some oranges.I would like to drink a cup of tea.=I want to drink a cup of tea.I would like you to meet my family.=I want you to meet my family.【拓展延伸】(1)Would you like to do sth.?是委婉地提出建议的一种常用句型，其肯定回答为“Yes, I’d love/like to.”;其否定回答为“No, thanks.”“I’d love/like to, but…”“Sorry, I’m afraid not.”。(2)Would you like sth.?的肯定回答是“Yes, please.”;否定回答是“No, thanks.”。2.May I take your order？order n.＆ v.点菜；命令 在句中作名词，意为“点菜”。 take one’s order 表示“点菜”。3.Special 1special n.特色菜；特价品 adj.特别的；特殊的(1) special 在此处作名词，意为“特色菜；特价品”。Special 2 is my favorite.What is your special today? (2) special 还可作形容词，意为“特别的；特殊的”。其副词形式为 specially，意为“专门地；特意；特别”。It’s a special day for me.We come specially to see you.4.What size would you like? “What size…?”用于询问型号大小或尺码。其中size是名词，意为“大小；尺码”，既可指物体、面积或规模的大小，也可指鞋、衣服等的尺寸、尺码。—What size does he wear?—Size M.I take size 8 in shoes.衣服的尺码通常有L、M、S三种。 L代表large(大号的)；M代表medium(中号的)；S代表small(小号的)。XL 代表extra large (加大号的)5.I’d like chicken, fish and cabbage, please.fish n.鱼；鱼肉 (1) fish作“鱼”讲时是可数名词，指鱼的条数时单复数同形；指鱼的种类时，复数形式为fishes。They caught three fish.他们捉到了三条鱼。There are many kinds of fishes in the river.这条河里有许多种鱼。(2) fish作不可数名词时，意为“鱼肉”。The boy likes eating fish.这个男孩爱吃鱼肉。【拓展延伸】fish还可作动词，意为“钓鱼；捕鱼”。go fishing意为“去钓鱼”。Let’s go fishing this weekend.6.—I like dumplings, fish and orange juice.— I don’t like onions, green tea or porridge.and与or表示“和”的用法两者均可表示“和” ，肯定句中用and，否定句中用or。I like chicken and beef.我喜欢鸡肉和牛肉。(肯定句)I don’t like chicken or beef.我不喜欢鸡肉和牛肉。(否定句)【特别提醒】如果在否定句中，所连接的两部分之前都有否定词，则要用and，不用or。I can’t play the piano and can’t play football.【拓展延伸】①or用在选择疑问句中，意为“或;还是”---Is your younger brother tall or short?---He is tall.②or用于肯定句中，意为“或者”。He has a twin sister or brother.③or用于否定词后，意为“也不”。He never smokes or drinks.④or用于“祈使句+or+简单句”句型中，意为“否则”。Hurry up, or you' ll be late for class.7.The answer would be different in different countries.answer n.答案 v.回答（1）answer在此处作名词，意为“答案；回答”。the answer to…表示“……的答案”。Your answer to the question is right.（2）answer还可作动词，意为“回答”。Jim is answering the question.8.The answer would be different in different countries.different adj.不同的本句中第一个different作表语，第二个different作定语。be different from意为“与……不同”。We can learn a lot about pandas from different TV programs.从不同的电视节目上我们能够学到许多关于熊猫的知识。Writing by hand is different from typing.手写与打字不同。【拓展延伸】different的相关词：difference n.不同（之处）；差别 differently adv.不同地9.The number of candles is the person's age.（1）辨析a number of与the number ofThe number of students in our class is 50.A number of trees are cut down.（2）age n.年龄at the age of 在……岁时She came to China at the age of 18.10.If he or she blows out all the candles in one go, the wish will come true.【句式剖析】本句是 一个含有if引 导的条件状语从句的主从复合句。if 在此处作连词，意为“如果”。主句用一般将来时，if引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时表示将来。If we get to school early tomorrow, our teacher will be happy.如果我们明天早点儿到达学校，老师会很高兴。11.In China, it is getting popular to have cake on your birthday.（1）【句式剖析】it 作形式主语【用法详解】动词不定式短语作主语时，为了避免头重脚轻，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语(动词不定式短语)后置，以保持句子的平衡。It is impossible to make everyone happy.让每个人高兴是不可能的。（2） popular adj.受欢迎的；普遍的popular是形容词，既可作定语，又可作表语。常用短语：get popular 受欢迎；流行be popular with/ among 受……欢迎English songs are popular with young people.12.They never cut up the noodles because the long noodles are a symbol of long life.13.All of these birthday foods may be different, but the ideas are the same.（1）food在句中作可数名词，表示“(某种)食物“。food 泛指“食物；食品”时，为不可数名词，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。Rice and chicken are good foods.米饭和鸡肉是很好的食物。Some food has gone bad.一些食物已经变质了。（2） idea n.想法；主意idea在此处作可数名词，意为“想法；主意”。 Your idea is really great.你的想法很棒。【拓展延伸】当别人提出一个好的建议或想法时，我们通常用“Good idea!”或“That’s a good idea!”来表示赞同。—Let’s eat out tonight. —Good idea! “I have no idea”意为“我不知道”，相当于“I don’t know”。【Grammar Focus】1.would like的用法（1） would likewould like 意为“愿意；喜欢”，与want意义相近，但比want语气更委婉、 更正式。would like可与任何人称连用，没有人称和数的变化；与人称代词连用时，would可缩写为“’d”。（2）含有would like的一般疑问句和特殊疑问句构成及其回答2.some/any的用法（1）some 常译作“一些”，多用于肯定句，也用在疑问句中，表示期望对方肯定的答复，以示礼貌；any表示“任何”，通常用于否定句和疑问句中。（2）some/any通常接可数名词复数和不可数名词，表示不确定的数量。3.可数名词和不可数名词(1)可数名词就是可以以数目来计算的名词。它有单数和复数之分，可以和不定冠词连用。复数通常以-s或-es结尾，还有不规则变化的名词，如 child的复数是 children There are some books on the shelf.(2)不可数名词就是不能以数目来计算的名词。它没有复数形式，不能和不定冠词搭配。常见的食物类名词多为不可数名词，如 bread、tea、rice等。I want to buy some bread.There is a bottle of juice on the table.(谓语动词is与a bottle保持一致)There are three bowls of mutton soup on the table.(谓语动词are与three bowls保持一致)有些名词既可作可数名词又可作不可数名词,但意义不同。【Topic writing】餐馆广告应具备以下要点：1.标题2.起始句使用问句来抓住读者的注意力：Would you like to eat…?3.依次介绍餐馆所卖食品、甜点、饮料的种类和价格4.结尾可增加欢迎词或地址电话，如：Welcome to… 或Please call us at… Noodle HeavenDo you like noodles? Would you like to try the delicious noodles at Noodle Heaven? We have all kinds of noodles.We have vegetable noodles for only five yuan.You can also try our noodles with meat for only eight yuan.Our noodles with dumplings are also very good.If you like beef or mutton,we have three specials--beef and tomato noodles ,mutton and carrot noodles , chicken and cabbage noodles.And they are only 20 yuan for one large bowl.By the way,our noodle house is big and clean ,you can enjoy beautiful music when you are eating.And our waiters and waitresses are very friendly, too.If you are really busy,you can also call us to order and our telephone number is 88165777,we will send the food to you in 15 to 30 minutes.Come to Noodle Heaven today!