外研版中考英语复习第一节易混词的归纳总结和辨析课件
展开【辨析】(1)nise意为“噪音;喧闹声”,常指不悦耳、不和谐的嘈杂声。(2)vice意为“声音”,指人的嗓音或说话、唱歌时发出的声音。(3)sund意为“声音;响声”,其使用范围较广,可指自然界各种各样的能被听到的声音。
【演练】()1. Her _______ sunds sweet. Everybdy likes her sngs very much. A. niseB. viceC. sundD. muth()2. At the ft f the hill, yu culd hear nthing but the _______ f the running water. A. sund B. vice C. nise D. sng
【辨析】(1)hme意为“家”,指人们出生或居住的地方,也指“家乡;故乡”。(2)huse意为“住房;住宅”,侧重指人们居住的房子或建筑物。(3)family意为“家庭;家庭成员”。family强调整体概念的“家庭”时,看作单数,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式;强调“家庭成员”时,看作复数,谓语动词用复数形式。注意 families一般表示“多个家庭”。
【演练】()1. He has been in Shenzhen fr ten years. Shenzhen has becme his secnd _______. A. hme B. family C. huse D. place()2. Mre and mre yung peple g skating with their _______ in winter.A. family B. hme C. huse D. building
【辨析】(1) news意为“新闻;消息”,主要指与最近发生的事情相关的信息或通过报纸、广播和电视等报道的事件,是不可数名词。(2) infrmatin意为“信息;资料”,侧重信息的内容和价值,指在学习、调查或交谈中获得的消息、资料和知识等,是不可数名词。(3) message意为“消息;信息”,一般指以口头或书面的形式留给某人的“消息”,是可数名词。
【演练】()1. She culdn't help crying when she heard the sad _______. A. messageB. adviceC. newsD. infrmatin()2. If yu want t get sme _______ abut the trip t Hainan, please visit this website. A. newsB. infrmatinC. messagesD. letters
【辨析】(1)advice意为“建议;劝告”,指给出关于某人在特定情况下应该做什么的建议,侧重依据个人经验、学识和正确判断而提出的忠言,是不可数名词。常见搭配有:give sme advice给出一些建议, ask fr advice寻求建议。(2)suggestin意为“建议;提议”,语气较婉转,侧重于提出供人参考的想法,是可数名词。
【演练】()1. I dn't knw what t d. Can yu give me sme _______?A. wrdsB. questinsC. mistakesD. advice()2. Yur _______ sund gd. I will fllw them. A. suggestinsB. intrductinsC. messagesD. advice
【辨析】(1)prblem意为“困难;难题”,指难以解决的问题,常与动词slve搭配使用。(2)questin意为“问题”,指需要寻找答案的问题,常与动词ask或answer搭配使用。注意 prblem还可指数学、化学或物理等需通过算数或仔细思考而解决的问题、习题,而questin却无此含义。
【演练】()1. The hmewrk is s difficult that we have lts f _______ t ask. A. mattersB. trublesC. prblemsD. questins()2. The physics _______ which Max wrked ut was really difficult. He was a genius!A. answerB. difficultyC. prblem D. questin
【辨析】(1)jb通常指一份有薪酬的工作或具体的职位,是可数名词。(2)wrk的含义更广,指人们日常生活或工作中从事的各种体力或脑力劳动,是不可数名词。注意 wrk还可意为“著作;作品”,是可数名词,复数形式为wrks。
【演练】()1. The rm is in a mess. We have t d a lt f _______ t make it clean. A. wrkB. jbsC. wrksD. study()2. He was a lucky dg because he gt a gd _______ after graduating frm university. A. taskB. jbC. wrkD. wrker
【辨析】(1)put n意为“穿上;戴上”,强调动作,后接物。 (2)wear意为“穿着;戴着”,表示状态,后接物。(3)dress意为“给……穿衣服”,后接人。
【演练】( )1. It's cld utside. _______ yur cat when yu g ut. A. Have nB. WearC. Put n D. Take ff()2. D yu believe the little by can _______ himself every mrning?A. put n B. put C. wear D. dress
【辨析】 (1)jin常指加入某一组织、党派、社会团体并成为其中的一员,后面直接接名词或代词。(2)jin in常指加入某项正在进行的活动、游戏等,后面接名词或动名词。(3)take part in常指参加群众性的活动,并在其中起到一定的积极作用。(4)attend常指参加或出席正式的活动(会议、典礼等)。
【演练】用方框内所给单词或短语的适当形式填空,每词仅用一次1. The schl sprts meeting is cming. I wuld like t _________________________ it.2. She ____________ the Health Club last year.
jin, attend, jin in, take part in
take part in
3. Everyne in the restaurant ____________ singing a birthday sng fr her yesterday.4. Lucy gt married last Saturday. I ____________ her wedding.
jined in
attended
【辨析】(1)lk意为“看;瞧”,指有目的地将目光转向某处,强调“看”的动作,后面常与at搭配使用,一般用于表示看静止的物体。(2)see意为“看见”,表示视觉器官有意识或无意识地看到物体,强调“看”的结果。
(3)watch意为“观看;注视”,用于表示看移动或变化的物体,如看电视、比赛等。(4)ntice意为“看到;听到;注意到”,含有从不注意到注意变化的意义。(5)read意为“阅读;读懂”,指看文字,如书、报纸、杂志等。
【演练】用方框内所给单词的适当形式填空,每词仅用一次
lk, see, watch, ntice, read
1. I wnder hw ften yu ____________ TV at hme.2. Did yu ____________ that the man in black std there fr ver tw hurs?3. It's a gd habit t ____________ bks every day.4. I can ____________ a river thrw my windw.5. She ____________ at me and smiled.
【辨析】(1) say意为“说”,强调说话的内容,不以人作直接宾语。(2) talk意为“谈话;交谈”,强调说话者之间的交流。常见搭配有:talk with / t sb. 与某人交谈,talk abut sth. 谈论某事。
(3) speak作不及物动词时,意为“谈话;交谈”,比talk更正式,强调与某人交谈试图达到某一目的或让对方做某事,常见搭配为:speak t / with sb. (abut sth.) (就某事)与某人交谈;作及物动词时,意为“讲(某种语言)”,后面接表示语言的名词。(4) tell意为“告诉;讲述”,后面常接双宾语,即:tell sb.sth./ tell sth.t sb. 告诉某人某事。
【演练】()1. Yu shuld _______ gdbye t Mr.Wu befre leaving the twn tmrrw.A. speakB. tellC. sayD. talk()2. My uncle ften _______ us funny stries when we were yung. A. saidB. spkeC. tldD. talked
()3. This Friday afternn, my teacher wants t _______ with my parents. I'm a little wrried. A. askB. talkC. tellD. say()4. Ashley culd _______ tw languages—German and French. A. speakB. talkC. sayD. tell
【辨析】四者都可以表示“花费”,但用法均有不同。(1)spend的主语是人,通常表示花费时间或金钱,常见用法有:sb.spend(s) time / mney n sth. 某人在……上花费时间 / 金钱,sb.spend(s) time / mney ding sth. 某人花费时间 / 金钱做某事。
(2)cst的主语是某物或某事,通常表示花费金钱,常见用法为:sth.cst(s)sb.mney某物花了某人多少钱。 (3)take的主语是it或某事,通常表示花费时间,常见用法有:It takes sb.time t d sth. =ding sth.takes sb.time做某事花了某人多少时间。 (4)pay的主语是人,通常表示花费金钱,常与fr搭配使用,常见搭配有:pay (sb.)mney fr sth.付钱(给某人)买某物,pay fr sth.为某物付钱,pay fr sb.替某人付钱。
【演练】()1. It _______ Mary abut tw days t finish this prject. A. paidB. tkC. spentD. cst()2. He _______ much time n bks. S he knws a lt abut this subject. A. paysB. takesC. cstsD. spends
()3. —Hw much is the ticket t Central Park? —A ne-way ticket _______ ¥40, and yu can _______ anther ¥20 fr a rund-trip ticket. A. csts; pay B. csts; spend C. pays; spend D. spends; pay
【辨析】(1)take意为“拿走;带走”,指把某物或某人带到说话者和听者都不在的地方去。 (2)bring意为“拿来;带来”,指把某物或某人从别处带到说话者或听者所在的地方来。(3)get意为“取来”,与fetch同义,表示到某处把某人请来或把某物取来(双程)。 (4)carry意为“搬运;携带”,不具体说明来去的方向,有时含有沉重或麻烦之意。
【演练】用方框内所给单词的适当形式填空,每词仅用一次1. ____________ the phts when yu cme t visit me.2. I'll ____________ the letter t her huse. 3. Can yu help me ____________ the bx? It's t heavy.4. There is n water in the bttle. Why nt g and ____________ sme?
take,bring,get,carry
【辨析】(1)brrw表示“借入”,是非延续性动词。brrw … frm … 意为“向某人 /从某处借入某物”。(2)lend表示“借出”,是非延续性动词。lend sth.t sb./lend sb.sth. 意为“借出某物给某人”。(3)keep意为“保留;借”,是延续性动词。“keep sth.fr+时间段”表示“借某物多长时间”。
【演练】()1. —Can I _______ yur bike? My bike is brken. —Srry. I can't _______ it t yu because mine is brken, t. A. brrw; brrw B. lend; lend C. brrw; lend D. lend; brrw()2. Daisy _______ a bk frm her cusin and she has _______ it fr three weeks. A. brrwed; lent B. brrwed; kept C. lent; kept D. kept; brrwed
【辨析】(1)get表示“到达”时是不及物动词,要与介词t连用,即:get t+表示地点的名词。(2)arrive是不及物动词,表示“到达某地”时要借助介词in或at,后接到达的城市、国家或地区时常用in,后接到达的具体地点或场所时常用at。(3)reach表示“到达”时是及物动词,直接接地点,即:reach+表示地点的名词。
注 意 当arrive和get后面接表示地点的副词(如here, there, hme等)时,无须加介词;如果需要单独使用,后面不接任何地点名词或副词时,只能用arrive。
【演练】()1. Last night, Alice _______ New Yrk and began her trip there. A. gtB. arrived atC. reached inD. arrived in()2. I wanted t knw when yu _______ the schl library yesterday afternn. A. arrivedB. gtC. reachedD. arrived in()3. I'll wait until they _______.A. reachB. getC. arriveD. lse
【辨析】(1)leave意为“忘了带;丢下”,常用于“leave sth./sb.+介词+名词”结构中,表示“将某物 / 某人落在某处”。(2)frget意为“忘记带(需要之物)”,后面直接接名词,不再接地点。(3)lse意为“丢失;失去”,表示找不到某物或某人。
【演练】()1. I have _______ my schlbag at hme. I can't hand in my hmewrk nw. A. lstB. frgttenC. leftD. missed()2. On his way hme, Jack _______ his wallet and he had t g back t lk fr it. A. lstB. leftC. sldD. frgt()3. I _______ my passprt, s I had t g back and get it.A. leftB. frgtC. rememberedD. fund
【辨析】(1)lk fr意为“寻找”,强调找的过程,结果未知。(2)find意为“找到”,强调找的结果。(3)find ut意为“查出;查明”,表示经过调查后弄清真相。
【演练】()1. The plice _______ the missing child in the muntain, but they culdn't _______ him. A. fund; lk fr B. fund ut; findC. lked fr; find D. lked fr; find ut
( )2. The man died accidentally yesterday. The plice were trying t _______ the truth. A. cme utB. sell utC. set utD. find ut
【辨析】(1)ffer意为“给予”,强调主动提供,常见搭配有:ffer sth.t sb.提供某人某物。(2)prvide意为“供给;提供”,强调提供生活必需品或他人想要的物品,常见搭配有:prvide sb.with sth. / prvide sth.fr sb.为某人提供某物。(3)supply意为“供应;提供”,强调长期并且量大的供应,常见搭配有:supply sb.with sth. / supply sth.t sb.向某人提供某物。
【演练】()1. The gvernment _______ enugh fd and drink fr the peple in the earthquake. A. suppliedB. fferedC. prvidedD. gave()2. She _______ me 2 dllars s that I culd have enugh mney t buy the bk. A. prvidedB. fferedC. brrwedD. supplied
()3. Our schl _______the students with warm water in the drmitry every day. A. suppliesB. ffersC. sellsD. buys
【辨析】 (1)accept意为“接受”,指主观上接受或同意,强调本人的意愿。(2)receive意为“接到;收到”,指客观上收到某物,与本人意愿无关。
【演练】( )1. He asked me t marry him and I _______. A. gtB. acceptedC. receivedD. tk()2. She _______ a bunch f rses, but she didn't knw wh sent it t her.A. acceptedB. leftC. brughtD. received
【辨析】(1)happen意为“发生;碰巧”,泛指客观情况的发生,强调情况发生的偶然性,常见搭配有:happen t sb.发生在某人身上, happen t d sth.碰巧做某事。(2)take place意为“发生,进行”,指事件或活动等经过计划或安排好的事情的发生。
注意 常与happen搭配的名词有accident, crash, earthquake, tsunami(海啸)等;常与take place搭配的名词有 sprts meeting, party, celebratin, festival, wedding, ceremny等。此外,happen和take place通常不用于被动语态。
【演练】用happen或take place的适当形式填空1. A car accident ____________ t the ld man last night.2. The marriage ceremny will ____________ in the church.
【辨析】两者作动词时都可表示“希望(某事发生)”。(1)hpe表示有较大可能性实现的希望,可用于“hpe+that从句”和hpe t d sth.结构中。(2)wish则表示难以实现的愿望,后面通常接一个that引导的宾语从句,且从句里的动词要用过去时,表示虚拟。注意 wish还可以表示“想要做某事”,可用于wish t d sth.和wish sb.t d sth.结构中。而hpe则没有hpe sb. t d sth. 这个用法。
【演练】()1. Smetimes he _______ he had never been brn.A. hpesB. wishesC. makesD. decides()2. Next Saturday will be my birthday. I _______ yu can cme a little earlier. A. makeB. getC. hpeD. wish
【辨析】(1)win意为“获得;赢”,后接比赛、赛跑、战争、奖品、金钱等。(2)beat 意为“打败;胜过”,后接竞争的对手。
【演练】()1. Last week, Li Hng _______ Chen Ha in the schl table tennis match. A. wnB. lstC. hadD. beat()2. He _______ first place in the shting cmpetitin. A. changed B. met C. wn D. beat
【辨析】(1)except 意为“除……之外”,指在整体中除去一部分。(2)besides意为“除……之外(还)”,指在整体中加入一部分。(3)but意为“除……之外”,与except同义,但其前面通常有nbdy, nthing, anything, n 等词出现。(4)except fr与except基本同义,但except主要用来谈论同类的东西,而except fr后面接的词与前面所提的内容不同类,常表示整体中有不足,含有惋惜意味。
【演练】用方框内所给的单词或短语填空,每词仅用一次1. ____________ wrking as a dctr, she als writes nvels in her spare time.2. We g t schl every day ____________ Saturday and Sunday.3. There is nthing new in the rm ____________ a TV.4. The bus was empty ____________ an ld lady.
except, but, besides, except fr
【辨析】(1)abve表示“在……之上(不接触下面的物体,且为非正上方)”。(2)ver表示“在……的正上方(不接触下面的物体)”。(3)n表示“在……上面(接触下面的物体)”。(4)belw表示“在……之下(不接触上面的物体,且为非正下方)”。(5)under表示“在……的正下方(接触或没有接触上方的物体)”。
【演练】()1. We are flying _______ the cluds. The cluds are belw us.A. abveB. verC. nD. in()2. There is a ftball _______ the chair. And the chair is ver the ftball.A. belwB. underC. betweenD. abve
【辨析】(1)当after意为“在……(时间)之后”时,后接时间段或时间点;当它后面接一个时间段时,常用于过去时。(2)当in意为“在…… (时间)之后”时,后接时间段,常用于将来时。
【演练】用after或in填空1. All the students rush ut f the classrm ____________ 5:00 'clck every afternn. 2. He has gne t Beijing and will cme back ____________ a few days.
【辨析】(1)amng一般用于三者或三者以上的人或事物,表示“在……之中”。(2)between一般指两者之间,常与and连用,表示“在……之间”。(3)in the middle f意为“在……中间”,可以表示在某个物体的中部,也可以表示在一个事件或一段时间的中间。
【演练】用amng, between或in the middle f填空1. D yu think his stry is the mst interesting ____________ the children's?2. ____________ the tall building and the park, there is a swimming pl. 3. What d yu think f the by sitting _________________ the classrm?
in the middle f
【辨析】(1) acrss意为“横穿;穿过”,主要表示从物体的表面上穿过,如过马路、过桥等。(2) thrugh意为“穿过;通过;贯穿”,主要表示从物体的内部穿过,如穿过村庄、森林等。注 意 g / walk acrss相当于crss。
【演练】用acrss或thrugh填空1. The dr is t narrw fr tw peple t g ____________ at the same time.2. He walked ____________ a bridge t the city.
【辨析】(1)like意为“相似;像”,表示某人或某物的“外表像……”或“某些特征像……”,而实际上不是。(2)as意为“像,如同”时,常用于做比较;意为“作为;当作”时,用于说明某人的工作、身份、职责或某物的用途、外观等。
【演练】用like或as填空1. ____________ a student, everyne shuld fllw the schl rules. 2. My dctr always talks t me ____________ a teacher talking t a child. 3. She'll sn be as tall ____________ her mther.
【辨析】(1)since后接时间点,意为“自从……”。(2)fr后接时间段,表示持续一段时间。
【演练】()1. They've been in China _______ ne and a half years. A. in B. fr C. sinceD. after ()2. Harry has stayed here _______ last night. He has been here _______ 12 hurs. A. fr; sinceB. fr; frmC. since; frD. frm; fr
【辨析】(1)in frnt f表示“在……(某空间外部)的前面”。(2)in the frnt f表示“在……(某空间内部)的前面”。
【演练】用in frnt f 或in the frnt f填空1. There are sme tall trees ____________ the building.2. The teacher is having class _________________ the classrm.
in the frnt f
【辨析】(1)alive意为“活着的;在世的”,强调生与死的界限,可作表语、宾语补足语或后置定语。(2)living意为“活着的”,强调“尚在人间”或“健在”,可作表语或前置定语。(3)lively意为“活泼的;充满活力的”,可作表语、宾语补足语或前置定语。(4)live作形容词时,可意为“活的”,相当于living; 也可意为“现场的;直播的”。
【演练】用方框内所给的单词填空,每词仅用一次1. He has many ways t make his class ____________ and interesting.2. It's the mst wnderful ____________ ftball match that I have ever seen.3. All the adults were killed in the accident, but the little by was ____________.4. He is prbably ne f the best-knwn ____________ writers.
alive, living, lively, live
【辨析】(1)high意为“高的”,反义词为lw,意为“低的”,用来形容价格、租金或收费的高低。(2)expensive意为“昂贵的”,反义词为cheap,意为“便宜的”,用来形容物品本身。
【演练】()1. Thugh the price is _______, this kind f cmputer still sells well.A. lwB. cheapC. highD. expensive()2. The cmputer is s _______ that I can't affrd it.A. lwB. highC. cheapD. expensive
【辨析】(1)a few后面接复数名词,表肯定意义,意为 “一些;几个”。(2)few后面接复数名词,表否定意义,意为“几乎没有”。(3)a little后面接不可数名词,表肯定意义,意为“一点;一些”。另外,a little还可作副词,后面接形容词、副词原级和比较级,如:a little fat有点胖,a little faster更快一点。(4)little后面接不可数名词,表否定意义,意为“几乎没有”。
【演练】()1. It is gd fr the fish t have _______ water plants in the tank t keep the water pure.A. little B. a little C. few D. a few()2. The twins can speak _______ French. S they can't talk with yu in French. A. a fewB. fewC. littleD. a little
【辨析】它们都可以表示“也”。(1)either通常用于否定句中,意为“也不”,置于句末,可用逗号隔开,也可不用。(2)t通常用于肯定句或一般疑问句中,置于句末,可用逗号隔开,也可不用,较口语化。(3)als通常用于肯定句中,置于行为动词之前,情态动词、助动词或be动词之后,较正式。(4)as well通常用于肯定句中,置于句末,通常不用逗号隔开,较口语化。
【演练】()1. I haven't been t Krea. Cc hasn't,_______. A. either B. t C. als D. as well()2. Jacky is a French teacher. Tm is _______ a French teacher. A. t B. as well C. als D. either
【辨析】(1)smetimes是副词,意为“有时”,表示频率,同义词组为at times。(2)sme times意为“几次”,此时time作可数名词,表示“次数;倍数”。(3)smetime是副词,意为“某个时候”,可指过去或将来的某个时候。(4)sme time意为“一段时间”,常与fr连用,此时time作不可数名词。
【演练】()1. I miss yu a lt. Will yu cme t see me _______ next week?A. smetimeB. sme timeC. smetimesD. sme times()2. The bx is _______ bigger than that ne in the crner. A. smetimesB. sme timesC. sme timeD. smetime()3. She said that she wuld stay there fr _______. A. sme times B. smetimes C. smetime D. sme time
【辨析】(1)already意为“已经”,多置于肯定句的中间。already在疑问句中时,常表示吃惊、意外的语气,此时already常置于句末。(2)yet意为“已经;还”,常置于否定句或疑问句的末尾。(3)still意为“仍然;还”,可用于各种句式中,且一般只置于句中。
【演练】()1. Have yu met yur uncle at the airprt _______?A. yetB. stillC. almstD. either()2. He has _______ set ut fr Beihai and nw he may arrive there. A. smetimesB. yetC. stillD. already()3. Mr.Lin is lking fr Tny. Is he _______ in the classrm?A. alreadyB. stillC. neverD. yet
【辨析】(1)sleepy意为“困乏的;昏昏欲睡的”,在句中可作定语或表语。(2)asleep意为“睡着的”,在句中只能作表语或宾语补足语,不能作定语,强调“睡着了”的状态。反义词是awake,意为“醒着的”。常见搭配为:fall asleep入睡。
【演练】()1. He ges t bed very late every day, s he ften feels _______.A. asleep B. awakeC. sleepy D. relaxed()2. Be quiet, please. The baby is _______. A. asleep B. sleepy C. awake D. excited
【辨析】(1)each既可以作形容词,也可以作代词,指两者或两者以上的人或事物中的“每一个”,强调个体。作代词时,可与“f+复数名词”连用构成名词短语,谓语动词用单数形式;作形容词时,修饰单数可数名词,谓语动词用单数形式。(2)every只可以作形容词,指整体中的“每一个”,强调整体情况,修饰单数可数名词,谓语动词用单数形式。注意 almst,nearly,nt等词后面不能用each,要用every。
【演练】用each或every填空1. ____________ f us shuld bey the traffic rules.2. Almst ____________ student in ur class has a bike.
【辨析】(1)whle意为“全部的;整体的”,常用来修饰单数可数名词,常置于冠词 (a, an, the)、单数指示代词、物主代词或所有格之后。(2)all意为“所有的;全部的”,常用来修饰不可数名词或复数可数名词,常置于定冠词(the)、指示代词、物主代词或所有格之前。注意 time, day, mnth, year等表示时间的词均可以用whle或all来修饰,如:the whle time / all the time(在某段时间内)一直, the whle day / all day一整天。
【演练】()1. Dear students, please put _______ back t the bkshelf after yu finish reading them. A. the whle bksB. the all bksC. all the bksD. whle the bks()2. _______ was excited and had a big party t celebrate the winning. A. The whle teamB. Whle the teamC. The all teamD. All the team
【辨析】(1)alne作形容词时,意为“单独的”,强调客观上独自一人,只能作表语。此外,alne还可作副词,意为“单独;独自”,在句子中作状语。 (2)lnely作形容词,意为“孤独的;寂寞的;荒凉的”,含有较浓的感情色彩,可作定语和表语。
【演练】()1. The ld peasant (农民) lives in a(n) _______ village far away, and he ften feels _______. A. alne; lnely B. lnely; lnely C. alne; alne D. lnely; alne
( )2. The _______ girl was afraid f staying _______ in the _______ huse. A. alne; lnely; lnely B. lnely; lnely; alne C. alne; alne; lnely D. lnely; alne; lnely
【辨析】(1)everyday意为“每天的;日常的”,是形容词,作定语,后接名词。(2)every day意为“每天”,是一个表示频率的副词词组,在句子中作状语。
【演练】用everyday或every day填空1. Her ____________ task is t water all the flwers in her ffice. 2. She can't accmpany (陪伴) her sn ____________ because she is very busy.
【辨析】(1)gd作形容词,意为“好的;愉快的”。(2)well作副词,意为“很好地;充分地”。well也可用作形容词,意为“良好的;健康的”。
【演练】()1. The activity is ging _______. Yu are a gd rganizer. A. well B. gd C. badly D. hard()2. Traveling prvides _______ chances fr us t meet peple frm ther cuntries.A. similarB. terribleC. gdD. well
【辨析】两者都可表示“别的;其他的”。(1)ther在句子中作定语,它通常修饰复数可数名词,且置于被修饰的名词之前。 (2)else用来修饰smething, anything, nthing, nbdy, anybdy等复合不定代词或wh, whse, what, when, where等特殊疑问词,且置于这些词之后。
【演练】()1. It sells milk, butter, cheese, eggs, and _______. A. else thingsB. things elseC. things therD. ther things()2. Besides the yellw ty car, what _______ d yu need?A. tys therB. elseC. else tysD. ther
【辨析】(1)hard作形容词时,意为“困难的;艰苦的;硬的”;作副词时,意为“努力地;猛烈地”。(2)hardly只能用作副词,意为“几乎不”,表示否定概念,置于实义动词之前,情态动词、助动词或be动词之后,不能与nt或其他否定词连用。
【演练】()1. It was raining _______. Peple culd _______ g ut. A. hardly; hardlyB. hard; hardC. hard; hardlyD. hardly; hard()2. It is _______ fr him t pass the exam because he _______ reviews.A. hard; hard B. hard; hardly C. hardly; hardlyD. hardly; hard
【辨析】(1)以后缀-ing结尾的形容词可以用于说明事物或人物,表示事物或人物的性质或特征。如:an interesting man一个有趣的男人,an exciting mvie 一部令人兴奋的电影。(2)以后缀-ed结尾的形容词通常用于说明人,指人对事物的感受。如:an interested audience 一位兴致勃勃的观众,feel excited 感到兴奋的。
【演练】()1. The cncert is s _______. We all feel _______.A. bred; bredB. bred; bringC. bring; bringD. bring; bred()2. It was such _______ news that everyne cheered up.A. excitingB. excitedC. tiredD. tiring
【辨析】(1)anther指三个或三个以上的同类的人或物中的“另一个;又一个”,用来代替或修饰单数可数名词。(2)the ther可指两个中的“另一个”,常与ne连用,构成“ne … the ther …”结构,意为“一个……另一个……”;the ther还可表示“其余全部的”,作定语修饰复数可数名词。
(3)ther泛指“另外的”,作定语,后接复数可数名词或不可数名词,不能单独使用。如果前面有the, sme, my等限定词,也可以与单数可数名词连用。(4)thers相当于“ther+复数可数名词”,泛指“另外的人或物”,常用于“sme … thers …”结构。(5)the thers相当于“the ther+复数可数名词”,特指某一范围内的“其余全部的人或物”。
【演练】()1. I dn't think the cat is gd enugh. Can yu shw me _______?A. anther B. ther C. thers D. the ther()2. There are thirty bks n the bkshelf. Five are mine,and _______ are my father's.A. thers B. the ther C. the thers D. ther
()3. He has tw sns. One is in Shanghai,and _______ is in Beijing.A. anther B. the ther C. thers D. the thers()4. Sme students are cleaning the windws and _______ are sweeping the flr. A. thers B. anther C. the thers D. ther
【辨析】这五个词作代词指代可数名词时,与两者有关:bth, either, neither;与三者或三者以上有关:all, nne。它们都可以与f连用,后接复数名词或代词。(1)bth表示“两者都”,bth或bth f短语作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。(2)all表示“三者或三者以上都”,all或all f短语作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
(3)either表示“两者中的任何一个”,作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式,但either f短语作主语时,动词用单数或复数均可。(4)neither表示“两者都不”,作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式,但neither f短语作主语时,动词用单数或复数均可。(5)nne表示“三者或三者以上中没有一个”,nne或nne f短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式或复数形式皆可。
【演练】()1. We asked Jhn and Henry sme easy questins, but _______ culd answer them. A. nneB. bthC. eitherD. neither()2. —Which d yu prefer, the red ne r the blue ne?—_______ is OK. I dn't care.A. Either B. Neither C. Bth D. All
( )3. He has tw uncles. _______ f them are dctrs, and they're in the same hspital.A. Nne B. Neither C. Bth D. All
【辨析】三者都可用作代词,指代前面提到的名词。(1)it意为“它”,指代前面提到过的人或物。(指同一个人或物)(2)ne表示泛指,指前面提到过的那类人或物中的任何一个,用来代替单数可数名词,其复数形式为nes。(指同类中不同的人或物)(3)that意为“那;那个”,既可以指代前面提到过的人或物,也可以指代同一类别中的“另外一个”,用来代替单数可数名词或不可数名词,其复数形式为thse。(可以指同一个人或物,也可以指同类中不同的人或物,此时多用于比较级句子中)
【演练】用it, ne或that填空1. Hangzhu is a wnderful city. I'll shw ____________ t yu if yu want.2. The weather in Lndn is different frm ____________ in Beijing.3. My pen is lst. I need t buy a new ____________.
【辨析】(1)and意为“和;与;同;然后”,可以用来连接两个结构对等的成分,以表示并列关系,也可以起承上启下的作用。(2)but意为“可是;但是;然而”,所连接的成分之间是转折关系。(3)r意为“或,或者”,连接两个或两个以上选择的可能性。但是,在否定句中,r意为“也不”,表示并列关系。(4)s意为“因此;所以”,所连接的句子之间通常是因果关系。
【演练】用适当的连词填空1. My back was still painful, ____________ I went t see a dctr.2. Shall we g ut t the cinema ____________ stay at hme?3. The plice have wrked fr three hurs, ____________ nbdy takes a break.4. He plays the guitar ____________ sings flk sngs.
【辨析】两者作连词时,都可以表示“当……时”,引导时间状语从句。(1)when表示某一时间点或某一时间段发生的事情,when引导的从句描述的动作或事情可以与主句描述的事情同时发生,也可以是先后发生。从句可以用延续性动词,也可以用非延续性动词。
(2)while表示主句的行为在从句行为进行的过程中发生,因此while引导的从句要用延续性动词,且该动词常用进行时态。如果主句和从句的行为是同时进行的,那么主句的谓语动词也要用进行时。
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