专题14 阅读理解（议论文专攻20篇）-【临考必刷】2024年高考英语二轮强化练必刷100题

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一、在复习语言点的时候，要依据语言的横向组合和纵向聚合，按照“点—线—面”顺序，构建知识网络环境。
二、多做高考题，少扣模拟题
1、时间的把控。
2、总结一下各部分的得分情况，了解自己的强弱项。
3、留意出题点，揣摩不同内容出题人的着眼点在哪里，做到知己知彼。
三、多攻词汇表，少记课外词
四、写作。研究高考写作命题话题范围，根据测试的频度和交际场景的生活化程度进行分类。
专题14 议论文专攻
高考零失误必刷100题
1.（2023·陕西安康·高三统考期末）
Renewable energy surces can help cmbat climate change, but dietary chices als play a significant rle. Opting fr plant-based diets r lab-grwn fd can reduce greenhuse gas emissins frm the fd system. We highlight the ptential f dietary changes and the imprtance f prviding chices instead f mandates （命令）.
Research shws that a glbal shift twards vegetarian（素食的） diets culd cut emissins frm fd system by ver half. Even small changes twards plant-based diets can have a meaningful impact. Substituting cnventinal fd with lab-grwn alternatives culd prevent 1 degree f future warming. These findings demnstrate the pwer f dietary changes in addressing climate challenges.
Dietary chices are influenced by factrs like culture, religin, and ecnmics. It is unrealistic t expect everyne t becme vegetarian immediately. Respecting individual chices is crucial in prmting sustainable diets. By ffering infrmatin and raising awareness, individuals can make chices accrding t their needs and values while cntributing t cllective effrts.
Transfrming industrial fd prductin is necessary, but individual chices are still vital. Educatin and awareness campaigns can infrm peple abut the envirnmental impact f different dietary chices and empwer them t make infrmed decisins. Cmbining individual actins with systematic changes can create a pwerful frce fr human health and the planet, Rather than expecting immediate vegetarianism, acknwledging the impact f small changes is imprtant. Gradual shifts twards mre sustainable dietary chices, like reducing animal prduct cnsumptin and increasing vegetable intake, can result in significant envirnmental benefits when multiplied acrss ppulatins.
In cnclusin, addressing climate change requires multiple appraches, with dietary chices playing a crucial rle. Offering chices while recgnizing the challenges assciated with dietary shifts is essential. By cmbining persnal dietary changes with brader effrts t reshape the fd system, we can make substantial prgress twards a healthier planet while respecting individual preferences.
1．Which is a dietary chice t reduce greenhuse gas emissins?
A．Chsing plant-based diets,
B．Chsing renewable energy surces.
C．Giving the cmmand fr dietary changes.
D．Increasing cnsumptin f prcessed fd.
2．Hw des the authr shw the effects f dietary changes in paragraph 2?
A．By answering questins.B．By listing a figure.
C．By analyzing the reasns.D．By using a qutatin,
3．What’s the authr’s attitude twards small dietary changes?
A．Indifferent.B．Skeptical.C．Favrable.D．Objective.
4．What is the best title fr the text?
A．Small changes in life chices can make big impacts
B．Renewable energy surces can reduce gas emissins
C．Lab-grwn nutritinal fd culd prevent future warming
D．The pwer f dietary chices in fighting climate change
【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．D
【导语】本文是议论文。文章主要讨论了饮食选择的变化对环境产生的影响，指出即使是小的饮食选择的变化也会对环境产生大的影响。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Opting fr plant-based diets r lab-grwn fd can reduce greenhuse gas emissins frm the fd system.(选择植物性饮食或实验室种植的食物可以减少食物系统的温室气体排放)”可知，选择植物性饮食是一种减少温室气体排放的饮食选择。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Research shws that a glbal shift twards vegetarian（素食的） diets culd cut emissins frm fd system by ver half.(研究表明，全球向素食饮食的转变可以将食品系统的排放量减少一半以上。)”可知，作者通过列举一个数字来说明饮食变化的影响。故选B。
3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“By cmbining persnal dietary changes with brader effrts t reshape the fd system, we can make substantial prgress twards a healthier planet while respecting individual preferences.(通过将个人饮食改变与重塑粮食系统的更广泛努力相结合，我们可以在尊重个人偏好的同时，朝着更健康的地球取得实质性进展)”可知，作者对于为应对气候变化，人们改变饮食选择的态度是支持的。故选C。
4．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Research shws that a glbal shift twards vegetarian（素食的）diets culd cut emissins frm fd system by ver half. Even small changes twards plant-based diets can have a meaningful impact(研究表明，全球向素食饮食的转变可以将食物系统的排放量减少一半以上。即使是对植物性饮食的微小改变也会产生有意义的影响)”以及全文可知，文章主要讨论了饮食选择的变化对环境产生的影响，指出即使是小的饮食选择的变化也会对环境产生大的影响。故选D。
2.（2023·江苏南通·高三海安高级中学校考阶段练习）
After Alexander Pushkin was sht in a duel (决斗) in 1837, crwds f murners frmed in Saint Petersburg. When the wagn carrying the much lved pet’s bdy reached Pskv prvince, where he was t be buried, admirers tried t pull the vehicle themselves.
Tday’s celebrity funerals tend t invlve the public largely digitally rather than in persn. But peple are passinate all the same. In the past few mnths, grief has cursed arund the internet fr Milan Kundera, and mst recently, Michael Gambn. If yu stp t think abut it, such expressins f strng feelings fr writers and actrs are dd, even irratinal.
Unlike ther kinds f grief, this ne is nt rted in persnal intimacy (亲密关系). If yu ever interacted with a cherished authr, it was prbably during a bk tur when she signed yur cpy f her nvel. Maybe yu nce lcked eyes with a musician during a live cncert and he smiled at yu, but actually he did nt even knw yu.
Objectively, srrw makes sense when a star dies yung r vilently. Had she nt died at 27, wh knws what music Amy Winehuse wuld have added t her already impressive cllectins f wrk? The death f a lng-lived and fulfilled artist, hwever, is far frm the saddest item in an average day’s headlines. And while mst rdinary peple sink int blivin, these celebrities live n in their utput. Why, then, are these lsses felt s widely and keenly?
One interpretatin is that departed celebrities are merely the messengers. Part f yur past —the years in which the musician was the sundtrack, the writer yur ally (盟友) — can seem t fade away with them. The grief can be seen as a frm f gratitude fr the harmny and jy they supplied.
Mre imprtantly, the passing f an artist is an ccasin fr exchanges f ideas. In an atmized age, in which the default (默认) tne is critical, a belved figure’s death is a chance t share psitive feelings and memries with fellw admirers. These sad ccasins are the parting gifts f these artists.
5．Why des the authr mentin Milan Kundera and Michael Gambn in paragraph 2?
A．T prve that celebrities’ funerals tend t attract wider public attentin.
B．T illustrate why peple express their sadness at the lss f thse celebrities.
C．T demnstrate that peple’s murning fr celebrities seems strange and unreasnable.
D．T shw that peple’s grief ver celebrities’ death is ridiculus and impractical.
6．The underlined phrase “sink int blivin” in paragraph 4 prbably means ________.
A．are upsetB．are desperateC．are helplessD．are frgtten
7．What can we learn frm the passage?
A．Peple wn’t murn fr celebrities unless they have intimate relatinships with celebrities.
B．It’s natural that peple murn fr celebrities dying yung but nt fr thse lng-lived nes.
C．Peple feel sad fr the passing f celebrities because f the mental nurishment received.
D．Peple attend celebrities’ funerals, either in persn r n the Internet, t express their lyalty.
8．What’s the authr’s attitude twards public murning fr the celebrities?
A．Supprtive.B．Disapprving.C．Skeptical.D．Cncerned.
【答案】5．C 6．D 7．C 8．A
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章探讨了人们哀悼离世艺术界名流这一现象并分析其背后的原因。
5．推理判断题。根据第二段中“In the past few mnths, grief has cursed arund the internet fr Milan Kundera, and mst recently, Michael Gambn. If yu stp t think abut it, such expressins f strng feelings fr writers and actrs are dd, even irratinal.(在过去的几个月里，米兰·昆德拉(Milan Kundera)和迈克尔·甘本(Michael Gambn)的悲痛传遍了互联网。如果你停下来想一想，这种对作家和演员的强烈感情的表达是奇怪的，甚至是非理性的)”可推知，作者在第2段提到了米兰·昆德拉和迈克尔·甘本是为了引出“人们对名人的哀悼似乎是奇怪和非理性的”这一观点。故选C项。
6．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“And while mst rdinary peple sink int blivin, these celebrities live n in their utput.(尽管大多数普通人sink int blivin，这些名人却在他们的作品中活了下来)”中连词“while”可知，句中上下文是转折关系，与下文中“live n in their utput”相对应，名人“在他们的作品中活了下来”，普通人“逐渐被人们遗忘”。故选D项。
7．细节理解题。根据第五段中“Part f yur past — the years in which the musician was the sundtrack, the writer yur ally (盟友) — can seem t fade away with them. The grief can be seen as a frm f gratitude fr the harmny and jy they supplie.(你过去的一部分——在那些年，音乐家是你的配乐，作家是你的盟友——似乎会随着他们一起消逝。悲伤可以被看作是对他们所提供的平静与快乐的一种感激)”可知，人们对名人的去世感到悲伤，因为他们曾经从名人的作品中得到了精神上的滋养。故选C项。
8．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Mre imprtantly, the passing f an artist is an ccasin fr exchanges f ideas. In an atmized age, in which the default (默认) tne is critical, a belved figure’s death is a chance t share psitive feelings and memries with fellw admirers.(更重要的是，一个艺术家的去世是一个交流思想的机会。在一个原子化的，默认的语气是批判的时代，一个深受爱戴的人的死亡是一个与其他崇拜者分享积极的感受和回忆的机会)”可知，作者认为名人的离世和公众悼念提供了交流思想的机会和分享积极的感受和回忆的机会，所以作者对悼念名人持支持的态度。故选A项。
3.（2023·四川南充·统考一模）
The traditinal schl year, with three mnths f vacatin every summer, was first perfrmed when America was an agricultural sciety and the summer mnths were needed fr farm wrk. Since then, America has cmpletely changed as a natin. Students n lnger spend summers farming, but they aren’t in schl, either. The average American student receives 13 weeks ff frm schl each calendar year — with abut 11 f thse during the summer. Few ther cuntries have mre than seven weeks ff in a schl calendar.
With the U. S. left behind ther cuntries in academics, it’s time t cnsider year-rund schling. One benefit f this change is that students will nt fall victim t the “summer slide,” r the well-dcumented phenmenn where students frget sme f the knwledge they have acquired when t much time is taken ff frm schl. Decades f research shws that it can take frm 8 t13 weeks at the beginning f every schl year fr students t get back t where they were befre the summer hliday.
But year-rund schling isn’t just abut academics. Teachers and students experience a clser relatinship in year-rund schls than they d in traditinal schls and, in the absence f any lng-term break, students d nt feel detached frm the schl envirnment. These clser bnds and greater attachment pay ff. Research shws that students in year-rund schls are mre self-cnfident and feel mre psitive abut their schling experience.
But dn’t kids need time t relax? Sme childhd develpment experts believe that time ff frm schl is vital t healthy develpment as kids are nt designed t spend s much f their time inside classrms and the summer break prvides a perfect pprtunity t get utside. The prblem with this argument is that mst children aren’t playing utside r even spending time with ther kids. While sme children visit summer camps, mst stay at hme, watching TV r playing games n electrnic devices, which hardly benefits them.
The U. S. has changed frm a farming ecnmy t a knwledge-and innvatin- based ecnmy, s it makes sense fr the schl year t change as well.
9．Which is NOT mentined as the benefit f year-rund schling?
A．It will imprve students’ academic perfrmance.
B．It will strengthen students’ relatinship with teachers.
C．It will enable students t learn abut the utside wrld.
D．It will familiarize students with the schl envirnment.
10．What can be learned abut a lng summer vacatin frm Paragraph 4?
A．It allws mst students t play utside.
B．It des little gd t mst students.
C．It makes students addicted t cmputer games.
D．It leads students t neglect their studies.
11．Hw des the authr find the the traditinal schl year in the U. S. tday?
A．Well-grunded. B．Culture-bund. C．Welcmed. D．Outdated.
12．What is the best title fr the text?
A．Why the U. S. Is Left Behind in Academics
B．Hw the U. S. Sciety Has Been Changed
C．The Lngest Vacatin Needs t Be Changed
D．The U. S. Shuld Switch t Year-rund Schling
【答案】9．C 10．B 11．D 12．D
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。作者在文中介绍了长暑假学年的由来以及全年制教育的益处，指出美国应该从传统的长暑假教育转向全年制教育。
9．细节理解题。根据第二段中“One benefit f this change is that students will nt fall victim t the “summer slide,” r the well-dcumented phenmenn where students frget sme f the knwledge they have acquired when t much time is taken ff frm schl. (这一变化的一个好处是，学生们不会成为‘夏季滑坡’的受害者，也不会成为有证据证明的现象，即学生在离开学校太多时间后忘记了他们所学的一些知识。)”以及第三段“But year-rund schling isn’t just abut academics. Teachers and students experience a clser relatinship in year-rund schls than they d in traditinal schls and, in the absence f any lng-term break, students d nt feel detached frm the schl envirnment. These clser bnds and greater attachment pay ff. Research shws that students in year-rund schls are mre self-cnfident and feel mre psitive abut their schling experience.(但是全年制教育并不仅仅是关于学业。与传统学校相比，教师和学生在全年制学校的关系更加密切，而且在没有任何长期休息的情况下，学生不会感到与学校环境脱节。这些更紧密的联系和更大的依恋得到了回报。研究表明，全年制学校的学生更自信，对自己的学习体验更积极。)”可知，全年制教育与传统教育相比有许多优势：可以减少学生在长假期间的知识遗忘现象，使师生之间的关系更加密切，学生不会感到与学校环境脱节，更自信，对自己的学习体验也更积极；C选项“It will enable students t learn abut the utside wrld.(它将使学生了解外面的世界。)”没有被提及。故选C。
10．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Sme childhd develpment experts believe that time ff frm schl is vital t healthy develpment as kids are nt designed t spend s much f their time inside classrms and the summer break prvides a perfect pprtunity t get utside. The prblem with this argument is that mst children aren’t playing utside r even spending time with ther kids. While sme children visit summer camps, mst stay at hme, watching TV r playing games n electrnic devices, which hardly benefits them.(一些儿童发展专家认为，离开学校的时间对健康发展至关重要，因为孩子们不适合在教室里花那么多时间，而暑假提供了一个到外面去的绝佳机会。这种观点的问题在于，大多数孩子都不出去玩，甚至不花时间和其他孩子在一起。虽然有些孩子参加夏令营，但大多数孩子呆在家里，看电视或玩电子设备游戏，这对他们几乎没有好处。)”可知，一些儿童发展专家认为暑假给孩子提供了一个到外面玩的绝佳机会，这对健康发展有益，然而，事实是大多数孩子不出去玩，而是呆在家里看电视或玩电子设备游戏，这对他们几乎没有好处；由此可知，一个漫长的暑假对大多数学生没有什么好处。故选B。
11．推理判断题。根据第一段中“The traditinal schl year, with three mnths f vacatin every summer, was first perfrmed when America was an agricultural sciety and the summer mnths were needed fr farm wrk. (传统的学年，每年夏天有三个月的假期，是在美国还是一个农业社会，需要夏季的几个月从事农业工作时首次实行的。)”以及最后一段“The U. S. has changed frm a farming ecnmy t a knwledge-and innvatin- based ecnmy, s it makes sense fr the schl year t change as well.(美国已经从一个农业经济转变为一个以知识和创新为基础的经济，所以学年的改变也是有意义的。)”可知，传统的长暑假学年制是在美国还是农业社会时由于夏季需要从事几个月的农业工作而实行的，然而，美国已经从一个农业经济转变为一个以知识和创新为基础的经济，学年也应该改变；由此可知，作者认为随着美国已经从一个农业经济转变为一个以知识和创新为基础的经济，过去农业社会时实行的长暑假的学年已经过时了。故选D。
12．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段“The U. S. has changed frm a farming ecnmy t a knwledge-and innvatin- based ecnmy, s it makes sense fr the schl year t change as well.(美国已经从一个农业经济转变为一个以知识和创新为基础的经济，所以学年的改变也是有意义的。)”可知，作者在文中通过介绍长暑假学年的由来以及全年制教育的益处，论述了美国应该从传统的长暑假教育转向全年制教育；D选项“The U. S. Shuld Switch t Year-rund Schling(美国应该转向全年制教育)”符合文章主旨，适合作为最佳标题。故选D。
4.（2023·四川乐山·统考一模）
Being an pinin writer and jurnalist, I was demanded that I make a public statement abut ht issues nline. The vices yelling at me and anyne else wh failed t pst seemed t believe that nt making a statement was itself a statement — and an immral ne, at that.
On scial media, peple take a psitin that results in psitive cmments but reduces cmplex issues t a simple yes r n. Taking simplistic stands can als lead t twisting wrds. This kind f simple thinking is deeply unserius and further fuels hatred (敌意), changing persnal pinins int extremism and mistaking the expressins f anger fr brave actin in the face f hrrr.
These lud, reductive declaratins reflect genuine fear abut hrrrs that lie beynd wrds. Simple binaries (二元对立) imply simple slutins. And it’s much mre pleasant t tell yurself yu stand n the side f gd, against evil, than t questin whether the lines f bundaries were drawn crrectly.
Sitting with uncertainty is hard, especially when scial media has urged us t expect perfect real-time infrmatin during unfrtunate events and immediate answers and reslutin. Mral certainty is a pint we stand n when factual certainty is nt pssible. And the faster we express it, the mre certain we appear.
Such thughtless psts are nt what bther me mst, thugh. Instead, it’s the idea that nt psting is wrng smehw — that everyne needs t speak, all the time. It discurages shutting up and listening and letting the vices that matter the mst be heard ver the nise. It suggests that having any dubts abut what’s happening r frming mral cnclusins that dn’t make sense t share n scial media is unacceptable.
I d have pinins, f curse, but they dn’t fit n scial media. While I’ve regretted psting half-frmed thughts t quickly, I’ve never regretted waiting until I was less angry r nt psting at all.
13．What des the authr think f peple’s quick psts n ht issues?
A．Psitive.B．Irrespnsible.C．Uncaring.D．Unkind.
14．What d paragraphs 3 and 4 try t explain?
A．Reasns why peple rush t pst pinins.B．Ways peple use t express ideas.
C．Means by which peple slve difficult prblems.D．Facts n which peple base their judgement.
15．What upsets the authr mst?
A．T many psts nline.B．T much false infrmatin.
C．Peple’s judgement n nt psting.D．Peple’s unawareness f current issues.
16．What message des the authr really cnvey?
A．It’s useless t pst ideas n scial media.B．It’s better t keep silent than blindly fllw suit.
C．Everyne has the right t vice his pinin.D．Everyne must guard netwrk security.
【答案】13．B 14．A 15．C 16．B
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要说明了作者认为人们在热点问题上的快速发帖是不负责任的，认为这些大声的、简化的声明反映了对无法用语言表达的恐怖的真正恐惧，我们表达得越快，我们就显得越确定。对此作者建议谨慎发言，保持沉默比盲目跟风要好。
13．细节理解题。根据第一段“Being an pinin writer and jurnalist, I was demanded that I make a public statement abut ht issues nline. The vices yelling at me and anyne else wh failed t pst seemed t believe that nt making a statement was itself a statement — and an immral ne, at that.(作为一名观点作家和记者，我被要求就网络热点问题发表公开声明。那些对我和其他没有发帖的人大喊大叫的声音似乎相信，不发表声明本身就是一种声明——而且是一种不道德的声明)”以及第二段“This kind f simple thinking is deeply unserius and further fuels hatred (敌意), changing persnal pinins int extremism and mistaking the expressins f anger fr brave actin in the face f hrrr.(这种简单的想法是非常不严肃的，而且会进一步助长仇恨，把个人观点变成极端主义，把愤怒的表达误认为面对恐怖的勇敢行动)”可知，作者认为看待人们在热点问题上的快速发帖是不负责任的。故选B。
14．主旨大意题。根据第三段“These lud, reductive declaratins reflect genuine fear abut hrrrs that lie beynd wrds. Simple binaries (二元对立) imply simple slutins. And it’s much mre pleasant t tell yurself yu stand n the side f gd, against evil, than t questin whether the lines f bundaries were drawn crrectly.(这些大声的、简化的声明反映了对无法用语言表达的恐怖的真正恐惧。简单的二进制文件意味着简单的解决方案。告诉自己你站在正义的一边，对抗邪恶，比质疑界限是否画得正确要愉快得多)”以及第四段“Sitting with uncertainty is hard, especially when scial media has urged us t expect perfect real-time infrmatin during unfrtunate events and immediate answers and reslutin. Mral certainty is a pint we stand n when factual certainty is nt pssible. And the faster we express it, the mre certain we appear.(面对不确定性是很难的，尤其是当社交媒体敦促我们期待在不幸事件中获得完美的实时信息，并立即得到答案和解决方案时。道德确定性是当事实确定性不可能实现时我们所站的立场。我们表达得越快，我们就显得越确定)”可知，第3段和第4段试图解释人们急于发表意见的原因。故选A。
15．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Such thughtless psts are nt what bther me mst, thugh. Instead, it’s the idea that nt psting is wrng smehw — that everyne needs t speak, all the time. It discurages shutting up and listening and letting the vices that matter the mst be heard ver the nise. It suggests that having any dubts abut what’s happening r frming mral cnclusins that dn’t make sense t share n scial media is unacceptable.(不过，这些轻率的帖子并不是最让我烦恼的。相反，人们认为不发帖在某种程度上是错误的——每个人都需要随时发言。它不鼓励你闭嘴倾听，让最重要的声音盖过噪音被听到。这表明，对正在发生的事情有任何怀疑，或者得出在社交媒体上分享毫无意义的道德结论，都是不可接受的)”可知，最让作者不安的是人们对不发帖的判断。故选C。
16．推理判断题。根据最后一段“I d have pinins, f curse, but they dn’t fit n scial media. While I’ve regretted psting half-frmed thughts t quickly, I’ve never regretted waiting until I was less angry r nt psting at all.(当然，我也有自己的观点，但它们不适合在社交媒体上发表。虽然我曾后悔过太快地发布半成品的想法，但我从未后悔过等到我不那么生气时再发布，或者根本不发布)”结合文章主要说明了作者认为人们在热点问题上的快速发帖是不负责任的，认为这些大声的、简化的声明反映了对无法用语言表达的恐怖的真正恐惧，我们表达得越快，我们就显得越确定。对此作者建议谨慎发言，保持沉默比盲目跟风要好。可推知，作者想表达的是保持沉默比盲目跟风要好。故选B。
5.（2023·四川南充·统考一模）
“It’s t sugary, I can’t manage very many,” said a friend. She wasn’t talking abut dessert but abut sme fresh cherries. I bit int anther cherry and realized she was right. The fruit was s sweet that it was as if it had been pre-sugared.
But the cherries f my childhd were much less sweet than tday’s cherries. Sme f them were hardly sweet at all, which made it all the mre exciting when yu happened upn a super sweet ne.
Is mdern fruit getting sweeter? The answer is yes. Sme f the mst pwerful evidence cmes frm zs. In 2018, Melburne Z in Australia had stpped giving fruit t mst f its animals because cultivated fruit was nw s sweet that it was causing tth decay and weight gain.
Breeding isn’t the nly reasn that mdern fruit is sweeter; there’s als climate change. It’s fund that since the 1970s, with rising temperatures, Fuji apples have becme significantly sweeter and sfter.
But the sweetness f mdern fruit is nt withut its prblems, especially fr peple with diabetes, wh have t be careful t mderate their intake f higher - sugar fruits such as pineapple. Fruit that is bred sweeter als tends t be lwer in the phytchemicals (植物化学成分) that make it s healthy.
Health aside, maybe the real prblem with mdern fruit is that it has becme yet anther sweet thing in a wrld filled with sugar. Even grapefruit, which used t be quite bitter, is smetimes nw as sweet as ranges. If yu’ve never tasted a sur cherry, hw can yu fully appreciate a sweet ne? Experts put frwards sme thughts abut hw t appreciate the varius tastes f mdern fruit.
17．Why des the authr mentin her friend’s wrds in Paragraph 1?
A．T intrduce the tpic f the extreme sweetness f mdern cherries.
B．T highlight the cntent f friend’s preference fr sur cherries.
C．T emphasize the imprtance f pre-sugaring fruits.
D．T shw the breeding and selectin f mdern fruit.
18．What’s the authr’ view n the rise f cnsistently sweeter fruit?
A．The authr believes it has n impact n health.
B．The authr sees it as a triumph f plant breeding.
C．The authr thinks it is a bit wrrying in tday’s wrld.
D．The authr is cncerned that it will lead t bitterness in fruit.
19．What is a shrtcming f the mdern fruit accrding t the passage?
A．It is shrt f healthy phytchemicals.
B．It may nt be as tasty as it used t be.
C．It culd lack variety and cntrast in taste.
D．It desn’t meet peple’s need fr sweetness.
20．What might the authr cntinue talking abut?
A．The advice n selecting mdern fruit.
B．The appraches t freeing bitter fruit.
C．The cmments abut cultivated grapefruit.
D．The research int the health f z animals.
【答案】17．A 18．C 19．C 20．A
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。旨在探讨现代水果甜度增加的问题，并分析其原因和影响。
17．推理判断题。根据第一段““It’s t sugary, I can’t manage very many,” said a friend. She wasn’t talking abut dessert but abut sme fresh cherries. I bit int anther cherry and realized she was right. The fruit was s sweet that it was as if it had been pre-sugared.(“太甜了，我吃不太多，”一个朋友说。她说的不是甜点，而是一些新鲜樱桃。我又咬了一口樱桃，意识到她是对的。这水果太甜了，好像事先加了糖似的)”可知，作者在第一段提到她朋友的话是为了介绍现代樱桃的极致甜味。故选A项。
18．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“But the sweetness f mdern fruit is nt withut its prblems, especially fr peple with diabetes, wh have t be careful t mderate their intake f higher - sugar fruits such as pineapple. Fruit that is bred sweeter als tends t be lwer in the phytchemicals (植物化学成分) that make it s healthy.(但是现代水果的甜味也不是没有问题，特别是对糖尿病患者来说，他们必须小心地减少摄入高糖水果，如菠萝。被培育得更甜的水果也往往含有更低的植物化学物质，而正是这些化学物质使它们如此健康)”可知，作者认为现代水果的甜味对糖尿病患者来说是个隐患，且更甜的水果也往往含有更低的植物化学物质，降低水果让人健康的效益，所以作者认为这在当今世界有点令人担忧。故选C项。
19．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Health aside, maybe the real prblem with mdern fruit is that it has becme yet anther sweet thing in a wrld filled with sugar. Even grapefruit, which used t be quite bitter, is smetimes nw as sweet as ranges. If yu’ve never tasted a sur cherry, hw can yu fully appreciate a sweet ne? Experts put frwards sme thughts abut hw t appreciate the varius tastes f mdern fruit.(抛开健康不谈，也许现代水果的真正问题在于，它已经成为一个充满糖的世界里的又一种甜食。就连过去很苦的葡萄柚，现在有时也像橙子一样甜。如果你从来没有尝过酸樱桃，你怎么能完全喜欢甜樱桃呢?专家们对如何品尝现代水果的各种味道提出了一些看法)”可知，根据文章，现代水果的缺点是可能缺乏口味的多样性和对比。故选C项。
20．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Experts put frwards sme thughts abut hw t appreciate the varius tastes f mdern fruit.(专家们对如何品尝现代水果的各种味道提出了一些看法)”可知，接下来，作者应是提出专家们对选择现代水果的建议。故选A项。
6.（2023·江苏·高三校联考期末）
During my yuth in America’s Appalachian muntains, I learned that farmers preferred sns ver daughters, largely because bys were better at heavy farm labur. With nly 3% f Americans in agriculture tday, brain has replaced brawn, yet cultural preferences, like bad habits, are easier t make than break. But histry warns repeatedly f the tragic cst f dismissing t casually the gifts f the s-called weaker sex.
Abut 150 years ag, a village church vicar in Yrkshire, England, had three lvely, intelligent daughters but his hpes depended entirely n the sle male heir (继承人), Branwell, a yuth with remarkable talent in bth art and literature.
Branwell’s father and sisters saved their pennies t pack him ff t Lndn’s Ryal Academy f Arts, but within weeks he returned hme, a penniless failure. Hpes still high, the family landed Branwell a jb as a private tutr, hping this wuld free him t develp his literary skills and achieve the success and fame that he deserved. Failure again.
Fr years the selfless sisters squelched (制止) their wn gals, farming themselves ut as teachers and gvernesses in supprt f their increasingly indebted brther, cnvinced the wrld must eventually recgnize his genius. As failures multiplied, Branwell turned t alchl, then pium, and eventually died as he had lived: a failure. S died hpe in the ne male — but what f her three selfless sisters?
During Branwell’s last years, the girls published a bk f petry at their wn expense. Even Branwell might have snickered (窃笑): they sld nly 2 cpies. Hwever, they cntinued in their spare time, late at night by candlelight, t pur ut their pent-up emtin, writing f what they knew best, f wmen in cnflict with their natural desires and scial cnditin — in reality, less fictin than autbigraphy! And 19th-century literature was transfrmed by Anne’s Agnes Grey, Emily’s Wuthering Heights, and Charltte’s Jane Eyre. But years f sacrifice fr Banwell had caused great suffering. Emily was taken ill at her brther’s funeral and died within 3 mnths, aged 29; Anne died 5 mnths later, aged 30; Charltte lived nly t age 39. If nly they had been nurtured instead f sacrificed.
N ne remembers Branwell’s name, much less his art r literature, but the Brnte sisters’ tragically shrt lives teach us even mre f life than f literature. Their sacrificed genius cries ut t us that in mdern sciety we must value children nt by their physical strength r sexual gender, but by their integrity, strength, cmmitment, curage—spiritual qualities abundant in bth bys and girls.
21．What des the underlined wrd “brawn” mean in Paragraph 1?
A．Human intelligence.B．Tiring labur.C．Physical strength.D．Persnal preference.
22．Why did the father nly pay attentin t Branwell’s educatin?
A．Because Branwell was the nly sn f the family.
B．Because Branwell had a gift fr literature and art.
C．Because his daughters were nt as talented.
D．Because his daughters were self-disciplined.
23．What was Branwell’s reactin t his repeated failures?
A．Stpping wrking hard.B．Feeling extremely ashamed.
C．Sliding int bad habits.D．Lsing heart cmpletely.
24．Which might be the best title f the passage?
A．The Brnte Sisters’ Selfless SacrificeB．Branwell — A Shame f the Brnte Family
C．The Brnte Sisters’ Great AchievementD．The Brnte Family’s Regrettable Tragedy
【答案】21．C 22．A 23．C 24．D
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，作者以勃朗特三姐妹的悲剧为例，指出重男轻女的社会偏见给女性带来巨大的伤害。
21．词义猜测题。根据第一段第一句“During my yuth in America’s Appalachian muntains, I learned that farmers preferred sns ver daughters, largely because bys were better at heavy farm labur. (我年轻时住在美国的阿巴拉契亚山脉，我了解到农民重男轻女，很大程度上是因为男孩更擅长繁重的农活。)”可知，以前农民重男轻女很大程度上是因为干农活需要体力，男孩更擅长繁重的农活；由划线词所在句“With nly 3% f Americans in agriculture tday, brain has replaced brawn, yet cultural preferences, like bad habits, are easier t make than break.(如今只有3%的美国人从事农业，脑力已经取代了brawn，然而文化偏好，就像坏习惯一样，形成容易打破难。)”可知，现在的美国只有3%的人从事农业，脑力已经取代体力，但是重男轻女依然很难破除，划线词brawn与brain属于相对立的范畴，指“体力”，与C选项“Physical strength”表达意思一致。故选C。
22．细节理解题。根据第二段“Abut 150 years ag, a village church vicar in Yrkshire, England, had three lvely, intelligent daughters but his hpes depended entirely n the sle male heir (继承人), Branwell, a yuth with remarkable talent in bth art and literature.(大约150年前，英国约克郡的一位乡村教堂牧师有三个可爱聪明的女儿，但他的希望完全寄托在唯一的男性继承人布兰韦尔身上。布兰韦尔在艺术和文学方面都有非凡的天赋。)”可知，父亲只关心Branwell的教育是因为Branwell是家里唯一的儿子，父亲把他的希望完全寄托在这个唯一的男性继承人身上。故选A。
23．推理判断题。根据第四段中“As failures multiplied, Branwell turned t alchl, then pium, and eventually died as he had lived: a failure. S died hpe in the ne male — but what f her three selfless sisters?(随着接踵而至的失败，Branwell开始酗酒，后来又吸上鸦片，最后死时与生前一样，一无所成，于是寄托在这唯一男性身上的指望也随之破灭了——但她的三个无私的姐妹又如何了呢？)”可知，遭遇接二连三的失败后，Branwell彻底沉沦，染上恶习，最终死去。故选C。
24．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是倒数第二段“During Branwell’s last years, the girls published a bk f petry at their wn expense. Even Branwell might have snickered (窃笑): they sld nly 2 cpies. Hwever, they cntinued in their spare time, late at night by candlelight, t pur ut their pent-up emtin, writing f what they knew best, f wmen in cnflict with their natural desires and scial cnditin — in reality, less fictin than autbigraphy! And 19th-century literature was transfrmed by Anne’s Agnes Grey, Emily’s Wuthering Heights, and Charltte’s Jane Eyre. But years f sacrifice fr Banwell had caused great suffering. Emily was taken ill at her brther’s funeral and died within 3 mnths, aged 29; Anne died 5 mnths later, aged 30; Charltte lived nly t age 39. If nly they had been nurtured instead f sacrificed.(在布兰威尔的最后几年，女孩们自费出版了一本诗集。就连Branwell也可能窃笑：他们只卖了两本。然而，他们在业余时间，在深夜的烛光下，继续倾诉他们被压抑的情感，写下他们最了解的，写下与她们的自然欲望和社会状况相冲突的女性——事实上，与其说是小说，不如说是自传！19世纪的文学被安妮的《艾格尼丝·格雷》、艾米莉的《呼啸山庄》和夏洛特的《简·爱》所改变。但多年来为班威尔所做的牺牲造成了巨大的痛苦。Emily在她哥哥的葬礼上生病，不到3个月就去世了，享年29岁；5个月后，安妮去世，享年30岁；夏洛特只活到39岁。如果他们被培养而不是被牺牲就好了。)”可知，本文主要讲述重男轻女的偏见使得勃朗特三姐妹一直为家庭牺牲，过早离世，铸成令人遗憾的悲剧；D选项“The Brnte Family’s Regrettable Tragedy(勃朗特家族令人遗憾的悲剧)”能够概括文章主旨，适合作为最佳标题。故选D。
7.（2023·山东德州·高三统考期中）
Many schlars agree that a meaningful existence cmes dwn t three factrs: the cherence(连贯)f ne’s life, the pssessin f clear lng-term gals and the belief that ne’s life matters. But we believe there is anther element t cnsider.
Imagine the first butterfly yu stp t admire after a lng winter r the scenery atp a hill after a fresh hike. Smetimes existence delivers us small mments f beauty. When peple are pen t appreciating such experiences, these mments may enhance hw they view their life. We call this element experiential appreciatin, an ability t detect and admire life’s inner beauty as events happen.
T better understand this appreciatin, we cnducted a series f studies invlving ver 3,000 participants. Initially, we had participants rate their cping strategies t relieve their stress. Thse managing stress by fcusing n their appreciatin fr life’s beauty reprted experiencing life as highly meaningful. In the fllw-ups, we asked them t rate the extent t which they agreed with varius statements, such as “I have a great appreciatin fr the beauty f life” and ther statements related t cherence, purpse, existential mattering. Our results shwed that the mre peple indicated that they were “appreciating life”, the mre they felt their existence valuable. In the subsequent experiment, we further explred the phenmenn by asking participants t watch an awe-inspiring vide, they als reprted having a greater sense f experiential appreciatin and meaning in life in these mments, cmpared with thse watching mre neutral vides.
The final results cnfirmed ur riginal thery: appreciating small things can make life feel mre meaningful. But applying that insight can be difficult. Our mdern, fast-paced, prject-riented lifestyles fill the day with targets. We are n the g, attempting t maximize ur utput. This makes it easy t miss what is happening right nw. Yet life happens in the present mment. We shuld slw dwn, let life surprise us and embrace the significance in the everyday. After all, we live in a wnderful wrld. There is n end t the adventures we can have if nly we seek them with ur eyes pen.
25．Why des the authr mentin the admiratin f butterfly?
A．T express peple’s desire t enhance their life.
B．T display peple’s imaginatin t whatever happens.
C．T indicate the penness f peple t the life cherence.
D．T intrduce the cncept f experimental appreciatin.
26．What is mainly explained in the third paragraph?
A．The participants’ life invlved in the study.
B．The cntributin f a lng-term gal in life.
C．The thery in experiential appreciatin.
D．The analysis f the belief that matters mst.
27．What is challenging us t appreciate the present in ur life?
A．Our mdern fast-paced lifestyle.B．The lack f pprtunities
C．Our fcus n individual feelings.D．The ignrance f future utcmes.
28．What can be the best title f the passage?
A．Enjying a valuable cherence.B．Finding the inner beauty f urselves.
C．living an active and meaningful existence.D．Explring the end f a significant life.
【答案】25．D 26．C 27．A 28．C
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过引用一系列研究结果，论证了体验欣赏生命美好对个人生活的重要性和价值，并建议我们应该放慢脚步，欣赏并感激生活中的每一刻。
25．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Imagine the first butterfly yu stp t admire after a lng winter r the scenery atp a hill after a fresh hike. Smetimes existence delivers us small mments f beauty. When peple are pen t appreciating such experiences, these mments may enhance hw they view their life. We call this element experiential appreciatin, an ability t detect and admire life’s inner beauty as events happen.(想象一下，在漫长的冬天过后，你停下来欣赏的第一只蝴蝶，或者在一次新鲜的徒步旅行后，你在山顶上欣赏的风景。有时候，生活带给我们美好的瞬间。当人们乐于欣赏这样的经历时，这些时刻可能会增强他们对生活的看法。我们称这种元素为体验性欣赏，一种在事件发生时发现和欣赏生活内在美的能力。)”可知，作者通过对蝴蝶的赏析来介绍实验赏析的概念。故选D。
26．主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“Our results shwed that the mre peple indicated that they were “appreciating life”, the mre they felt their existence valuable. In the subsequent experiment, we further explred the phenmenn by asking participants t watch an awe-inspiring vide, they als reprted having a greater sense f experiential appreciatin and meaning in life in these mments, cmpared with thse watching mre neutral vides.(我们的研究结果显示，越多人表示“感激生活”，他们就越觉得自己的存在有价值。在随后的实验中，我们通过要求参与者观看令人敬畏的视频进一步探索了这一现象，他们也报告说，与那些观看更中性视频的人相比，他们在这些时刻有更大的体验感激感和生活意义)”可知，第三段主要解释了体验式欣赏理论。故选 C。
27．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“But applying that insight can be difficult. Our mdern, fast-paced, prject-riented lifestyles fill the day with targets. We are n the g, attempting t maximize ur utput. This makes it easy t miss what is happening right nw.(但运用这种洞察力可能很困难。我们现代、快节奏、以项目为导向的生活方式让每一天都充满了目标。我们忙得不可开交，试图使我们的产出最大化。这使得我们很容易忽略正在发生的事情)” 可知，我们现代快节奏的生活方式使我们不能去欣赏生活中的当下。故选 A。
28．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“The final results cnfirmed ur riginal thery: appreciating small things can make life feel mre meaningful.”（最后的结果证实了我们最初的理论:欣赏小事物能让生活更有意义）“Yet life happens in the present mment. We shuld slw dwn, let life surprise us and embrace the significance in the everyday. After all, we live in a wnderful wrld. There is n end t the adventures we can have if nly we seek them with ur eyes pen.”（然而，生活就发生在当下。我们应该慢下来，让生活给我们惊喜，拥抱每一天的意义。毕竟，我们生活在一个美好的世界。只要我们睁大眼睛去寻找，就会有无穷无尽的冒险。）再结合全文内容可知，文章主要讲述的是我们我们应该慢下来，让生活给我们惊喜，拥抱每一天的意义，从而活得积极而有意义。故选 C。
8.（2023·湖南·高三长郡中学校考阶段练习）
Parents have been urged t stp pretending Father Christmas is real in case the “lie” damages relatins with their children. Making up stries abut Santa risks destrying a child’s trust and is mrally unbelievable, accrding t tw experts.
Psychlgist Prfessr Christpher Byle and scial scientist Dr. Kathy McKay als criticize the idea emplyed by parents—Santa Claus judges children t be nice r naughty. Writing in a well-knwn jurnal, they argue, “If they are capable f lying abut smething s special and magical, can they be relied upn t cntinue as the guardians f wisdm and truth?”
Defending the claims, Prf Byle said, “The mrality f making children believe in such myths has t be questined. All children will eventually find ut they’ve been cnsistently lied t fr years, and this might make them wnder what ther lies they’ve been tld. Whether it’s right t make children believe in Father Christmas is an interesting questin, and it’s als interesting t ask whether lying in this way will affect children in ways that have nt been cnsidered.”
Dr. McKay, frm the University f New England in Australia, said there was clear evidence frm the wrld f make-believe in mvies and TV that adults lked fr a chance t be children again. “The persistence f fandm(影迷) in stries like Harry Ptter and Star Wars indicates their desire t briefly re-enter childhd,” she said. “Hwever,” she added, “if adults have been lying abut Santa, even thugh it has usually been well intentined, what else is a lie? If Santa isn’t real, are fairies real? Is magic? Is Gd?”
They cnclude, “Many peple may lng fr a time when imaginatin was accepted and encuraged, which may nt be the case in adult life. Might it be the case that the harshness f real life requires the creatin f smething better, smething t believe in, smething t hpe fr in the future r t return t a lng-lst childhd a lng time ag in a galaxy far far away?”
29．What did parents d that drew criticism frm Dr. Kathy McKay?
A．They were fnd f Harry Ptter and Star Wars.
B．They acted as the guardians f wisdm and truth.
C．They said Santa Claus culd judge a kid t be gd r bad.
D．They have tld many lies t their children besides Santa Claus.
30．What can be implied in the passage?
A．Parents are capable f making up stries abut Santa Claus.
B．Lies abut Santa Claus can have a negative impact upn children.
C．Stries abut Santa Claus develp children’s trust in their parents.
D．Experts think it right t make children believe in Father Christmas.
31．Why are adults fnd f watching fictinal mvies?
A．They desire t return t the lng-lst childhd.
B．Everything will becme better in mvies than in real life.
C．They want t get away frm pressure frm life and wrk.
D．They didn’t watch such exciting mvies when they were yung.
32．What is the authr’s attitude tward parents’ lying abut Santa Claus?
A．Psitive.B．Indifferent.C．Disappinted.D．Cncerned.
【答案】29．C 30．B 31．A 32．D
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。介绍了专家对于家长对孩子依然谎称圣诞老人存在的批评态度。专家认为，父母谎称圣诞老人存在的做法对于孩子今后对于大人的信任有消极影响。
29．细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Psychlgist Prfessr Christpher Byle and scial scientist Dr. Kathy McKay als criticize the idea emplyed by parents—Santa Claus judges children t be nice r naughty. ( 心理学家Christpher Byle教授和社会科学家Kathy McKay博士也批评了父母的想法——圣诞老人会评判孩子是好是坏)”可知，圣诞老人评判孩子好坏的说法遭到了Kathy McKay博士的批评。故选C项。
30．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Whether it’s right t make children believe in Father Christmas is an interesting questin, and it’s als interesting t ask whether lying in this way will affect children in ways that have nt been cnsidered.(让孩子们相信圣诞老人是否正确是一个有趣的问题，同样有趣的是，以这种方式撒谎是否会以未被考虑的方式影响孩子。)”和文章第一段的主题句“Making up stries abut Santa risks destrying a child’s trust and is mrally unbelievable, accrding t tw experts.(两位专家表示，编造圣诞老人的故事可能会破坏孩子的信任，在道德上是令人难以置信的。)”推知，作者通过文章想表达关于圣诞老人的谎言对孩子们是有消极影响的。故选B项。
31．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The persistence f fandm(影迷) in stries like Harry Ptter and Star Wars indicates their desire t briefly re-enter childhd,(《哈利·波特》和《星球大战》等故事中粉丝的持续存在表明他们渴望短暂地重新进入童年)”可知，对于《哈利·波特》和《星球大战》的持久迷恋表明成年人想再次体验童年乐趣。故选A项。
32．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Making up stries abut Santa risks destrying a child’s trust and is mrally unbelievable, accrding t tw experts.(两位专家表示，编造圣诞老人的故事可能会破坏孩子的信任，在道德上是令人难以置信的。)”与第三段中“All children will eventually find ut they’ve been cnsistently lied t fr years, and this might make them wnder what ther lies they’ve been tld. (所有的孩子最终都会发现自己多年来一直被欺骗，这可能会让他们想知道自己还被说了什么谎言。)”可知，作者对于父母们对孩子们撒谎说圣诞老人确实存在的做法很担忧。故选D项。
9.（2023·北京丰台·高三统考期中）
We humans are in truble. We have let lse a new evlutinary prcess that we dn’t understand and can’t cntrl.
The latest leaps frward in artificial intelligence (AI) are rightly causing anxiety. Yet peple are respnding as thugh AI is just ne mre scary new technlgy, like electricity r cars nce were. We invented it, the argument ges, s we shuld be able t manage it fr ur wn benefit. Nt s. I believe that this situatin is new and ptentially dangerus.
My thinking starts frm the premise that all design anywhere in the universe is created by the evlutinary algrithm (算法). This is the prcess in which sme kind f infrmatin is cpied many times, the cpies vary slightly and nly sme are selected t be cpied again. The infrmatin is called the replicatr (复制者), and ur mst familiar example is the gene.
But genes aren’t the nly replicatr, as Richard Dawkins stressed in The Selfish Gene. Peple cpy habits, stries, wrds, technlgies and sngs; we change, recmbine and pass them n in ever greater variety. This secnd replicatr, evlving much faster than genes ever culd, Dawkins called memes (模仿传递行为) — and they are selfish t.
As we face up t the recent explsin in AI, new questins arise. Culd a third replicatr take advantage f the first tw? And what wuld happen if it did?
Fr billins f years, all f the Earth’s rganisms were gene machines, until, abut 2 millin years ag, just ne species — ur ancestrs — started imitating sunds, gestures and ways f prcessing fd. They had let lse a secnd replicatr and turned us int meme machines. Fllwing the same principle, culd a third replicatr appear if sme bject we made started cpying, varying and selecting a new kind f infrmatin?
It culd, and I believe it has. Our digital technlgy can cpy, stre and spread vast amunts f infrmatin with near-perfect accuracy. While we had mstly been the nes selecting what t cpy and share, that is changing nw. Mindless algrithms chse which ads we see and which news stries they “think” we wuld like. Once a digital replicatr takes ff, its prducts will evlve fr its wn benefit, nt urs.
All is nt lst, thugh. We already cpe with fast-evlving parasites such as viruses by using ur immune systems, machines and vaccines. Nw, we need t build ur cllective mental immunity, ur critical thinking and ur ability t prtect ur attentin frm all that selfish infrmatin. Taking lessns frm evlutin, we can stp imagining we are the cntrllers f ur accidentally dangerus ffspring and start learning hw t live with them.
33．As fr peple’s attitude tward AI, the authr is ____________.
A．disapprvingB．uncncerned
C．sympatheticD．tlerant
34．Accrding t the passage, Richard Dawkins may agree that ____________.
A．memes are cmpsed f selfish genesB．the speed f evlutin is underestimated
C．replicatrs vary with human interferenceD．memes and genes share a cmmn feature
35．What can be inferred frm the last paragraph?
A．Technlgies can be duble-edged.
B．Cllective effrts make a better wrld.
C．We shuld live in harmny with nature.
D．Past experience is relevant t future actin.
36．What can we learn frm the passage?
A．The pace f technlgical prgress is unstppable.
B．The initiative f algrithm shuld be strengthened.
C．The new evlutin can bring abut negative effects.
D．The artificial intelligence can satisfy ur real desires.
【答案】33．A 34．D 35．D 36．C
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。作者在文中探讨了人工智能的最新发展所带来的焦虑和人类的应对办法。
33．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Yet peple are respnding as thugh AI is just ne mre scary new technlgy, like electricity r cars nce were. We invented it, the argument ges, s we shuld be able t manage it fr ur wn benefit. Nt s. I believe that this situatin is new and ptentially dangerus.(然而，人们的反应似乎是，人工智能只不过是又一项可怕的新技术，就像曾经的电力或汽车一样。这种观点认为，我们发明了它，所以我们应该能够为了自己的利益来管理它。不是这样的。我认为这种情况是新的，而且有潜在的危险。)”可知，人们认为人工智能与曾经的电力或汽车一样，不会给人类带来威胁，但作者并不赞成这一观点。故选A项。
34．推理判断题。根据第三段“But genes aren’t the nly replicatr, as Richard Dawkins stressed in The Selfish Gene. Peple cpy habits, stries, wrds, technlgies and sngs; we change, recmbine and pass them n in ever greater variety. This secnd replicatr, evlving much faster than genes ever culd, Dawkins called memes (模仿传递行为) — and they are selfish t.(但正如理查德·道金斯在《自私的基因》中强调的那样，基因并不是唯一的复制因子。人们复制习惯、故事、文字、技术和歌曲；我们改变、重组并以更大的变化将它们传递下去。第二种复制因子，进化得比基因快得多，道金斯称之为模因——它们也很自私。)”可知，理查德·道金斯认为基因和模因都很很自私。所以他会赞同“基因和模因有一个共同的特征”这一说法。故选D项。
35．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“We already cpe with fast-evlving parasites such as viruses by using ur immune systems, machines and vaccines. Nw, we need t build ur cllective mental immunity, ur critical thinking and ur ability t prtect ur attentin frm all that selfish infrmatin. Taking lessns frm evlutin, we can stp imagining we are the cntrllers f ur accidentally dangerus ffspring and start learning hw t live with them.(我们已经通过免疫系统、机器和疫苗来应对病毒等快速进化的寄生物。现在，我们需要建立我们的集体精神免疫力，我们的批判性思维和我们保护我们的注意力不受所有自私信息影响的能力。从进化中吸取教训，我们可以停止想象我们是我们意外危险后代的控制者，并开始学习如何与他们相处。)”可推知，作者认为人类可以从过去战胜寄生物的经历中总结经验，从人类的进化过程中吸取教训，用来指导未来的行动，来应对人工智能这种新的威胁。所以，从最后一段中可以推出“过去的经验与未来的行动有关。”。故选D项。
36．推理判断题。根据第一段中“We humans are in truble. We have let lse a new evlutinary prcess that we dn’t understand and can’t cntrl.(我们人类有麻烦了。我们已经释放了一个我们不理解也无法控制的新的进化过程。)”、第二段中“We invented it, the argument ges, s we shuld be able t manage it fr ur wn benefit. Nt s. I believe that this situatin is new and ptentially dangerus.(这种观点认为，我们发明了它，所以我们应该能够为了自己的利益来管理它。不是这样的。我认为这种情况是新的，而且有潜在的危险。)”和倒数第二段中“Once a digital replicatr takes ff, its prducts will evlve fr its wn benefit, nt urs.(一旦数字复制器起飞，它的产品将为自己的利益而进化，而不是为我们的利益。)”可推知，作者在文中反复表达人工智能的新进化可能会给人类来带威胁，产生负面影响。故选C项。
10.（2023·湖北·高三校联考阶段练习）
Adults tend t have strnger cgnitive. scial and emtinal skills, which allw them t better identify with, ffer advice t, and therwise supprt friends. Many yung adults enjy this emtinal depth alng with an abundance f free time. befre family and career respnsibilities pick up in midlife. It’s n wnder that this age is a high-water mark fr friendship. Thse wh s t cllege get a few extra years f living near their peers. Later in adulthd, thugh, peple have mre demands n their time: wrk, rmantic partnership, and caregiving all cmpete fr their attentin.
Plus, when adults enter the wrkfrce full-time, ptential new friends dn’t cnstantly surrund them the way they did in schl r while living in drmitries. Thugh sme cntinue t carve ut time fr their scial lives. Bagwell said, friendship tends t becme “a luxury rather than pririty.”
Under these new circumstances, many peple see friends less frequently — and they tend t spend the time they d have tgether differently. Fr efficiency’s sake, they might pair scializing with ther activities, like sharing a meal. Thugh grabbing dinner with a friend can be engaging, it’s a far cry frm well-planned frest ceremnies. Friends culd chse t tell each ther secrets at a meal, but the activity desn’t bring abut the type f natural penness that play can.
This pursuit f efficiency and the safety f fllwing rutine can cme at the cst f pleasure. An efficiency mindset risks having friendships feel like making a trade, as if each meeting shuld be “wrth it.” But squeezing time fr shrt and rare meetings is unlikely t feel fulfilling. If yu haven’t seen each ther in a while, fcusing n chatting abut ld days is natural. Hwever, lking back n imprtant events in life can feel like exchanging ntes while jint adventures create memries—the fundatin f clse friendship. As the scilgist Eric Klinenberg put it, “Yu tend t enrich yur scial life when yu stp, stay lnger and waste time.”
37．Why d yung adults pssess the deeper friendship?
A．They pay their whle attentin t making friends.
B．They have mre demands n maintaining friendship.
C．They enjy develping friendship with enrmus peple.
D．They take advantage f skills and time t keep friendship.
38．What des Bagwell say abut friendship f adults wrking full-time?
A．They cnsider it tugh t keep friendship.
B．They place great emphasis n making friends.
C．They have a preference fr staying with friends.
D．They spend a large amunt f mney cnnecting with friends.
39．What des the authr think f well-planned frest ceremnies in paragraph 3?
A．They are efficient and engaging activities.
B．Friends get mre natural pleasure frm them.
C．It is necessary t see friends frequently in them.
D．It takes a lng time t make preparatins fr them.
40．What’s Eric Klinenberg’s attitude twards efficiency-based scializing?
A．Ambiguus.B．Psitive.C．Negative.D．Apprving.
【答案】37．D 38．A 39．B 40．C
【导语】本文是议论文。文章讨论了为何长大后朋友会渐行渐远，尽管有些人继续为社交生活腾出时间，但友谊往往成为“一种奢侈品，而不是优先考虑的事项”，追求高效友谊的心态可能会让友谊感觉像是交易。
37．细节理解题。根据第一段“Adults tend t have strnger cgnitive. scial and emtinal skills, which allw them t better identify with, ffer advice t, and therwise supprt friends. Many yung adults enjy this emtinal depth alng with an abundance f free time.(成年人往往具有更强的认知、社交和情感技能，让他们能够更好地认同朋友，向朋友提供建议并支持他们。很多年轻人拥有充裕的空闲时间享受这种情感深度。)”可知，年轻的成年人有能力和时间维持友谊。故选D。
38．推理判断题。根据第二段“Plus, when adults enter the wrkfrce full-time, ptential new friends dn’t cnstantly surrund them the way they did in schl r while living in drmitries. Thugh sme cntinue t carve ut time fr their scial lives. Bagwell said, friendship tends t becme “a luxury rather than pririty.”(此外，当成年人进入职场全职工作时，潜在的新朋友不会像在学校或住宿舍时那样经常围绕在他们身边。尽管有些人继续为他们的社交生活腾出时间。巴格韦尔说，友谊往往成为“奢侈品而非优先事项”。)”可知，进入全职工作的成年人没有时间去结交朋友，友谊成了奢饰品，所以维持友谊变得非常困难。故选A。
39．推理判断题。根据第三段的“Thugh grabbing dinner with a friend can be engaging, it’s a far cry frm well-planned frest ceremnies. Friends culd chse t tell each ther secrets at a meal, but the activity desn’t bring abut the type f natural penness that play can.(虽然与朋友共进晚餐可能很吸引人，但这与精心策划的森林仪式相去甚远。朋友们可以选择在吃饭时互相倾诉，但这种活动本身并不能像玩耍一样天然产生无拘无束的开放感。)”可推断，与朋友共进晚餐虽然吸引人，但是与精心策划的森林仪式相差甚远，共进晚餐不能带来无拘无束的自然的开放感，因此推断作者认为精心策划的森林仪式可以让朋友从中得到更自然的快乐。故选B。
40．推理判断题。根据第四段“An efficiency mindset risks having friendships feel like making a trade, as if each meeting shuld be “wrth it.”(追求效率的心态可能会让友谊感觉像是交易，好像每次见面都应该感觉“值了”。)”和“Yu tend t enrich yur scial life when yu stp and stay lnger and waste time.(当你停下来、逗留、虚度时间时，你往往会丰富你的社交生活。)”可知，友谊就是需要人们停下来，逗留和花费时间的，追求高效的友谊是会让交朋友像做交易。因此推断埃里克·克林伯格对基于效率的社交持消极的态度。故选C。
11.（2023·辽宁·高三辽宁实验中学校考）
Several years ag, Jeremy Clarksn, presenter f the famus BBC televisin prgramme Tp Gear’, discvered that ne f his guests was half German and half Irish. Immediately, he said: “That’s quite a strange cmbinatin. It’s like, this must be dne abslutely perfectly... tmrrw”.
This is a jke abut the steretype (刻板印象) that Germans are efficient and Irish are lazy. Many peple culd understandably be ffended by these kinds f assertins (断言). We d nt knw every Irish persn, s hw can we then cnclude that every Irish persn is lazy?
I recently read n a website that Irish business peple were described as being ‘generally rather casual’ and ‘mre utwardly friendly than many Eurpean cuntries’. German business peple, n the ther hand, are cnsidered t be very direct and accrding t the website, they d nt need a persnal relatinship in rder t d business. Once yu hear advice like this, it becmes easier t understand where jkes like the ne in the first paragraph cme frm.
S why d sme peple disagree with the kind f steretypes as seen in Clarksn’s jke, but agree when it cmes t generalizatins (概括)? What is the difference between the tw?
By definitin, a steretype is a widely held but fixed and versimplified image r idea f a particular type f persn r thing. A cultural characteristic, n the ther hand, is a pattern f behaviur that is typical f a certain grup.
S what des this really mean? Steretypes are simply verstated assumptins abut grups f peple. Imagine if a turist visited a small twn in Switzerland and saw a number f lcals playing the alphrn instrument, and then claimed that Swiss peple can play the alphrn. This wuld be a steretype! This is an verstated image f the Swiss which is based n ne turist’s experience.
If, hwever, this turist were t say that the Swiss are very punctual, this culd be seen as a cultural characteristic. This is because it is a pattern f behaviur which is very typical in Switzerland: frm their transprt system t their business meetings.
In this way, sme peple argue that generalizing anther culture is nt just useful, but imprtant. Pliticians always have t be mindful f the cultural characteristics f different cuntries. By becming aware f different cultural characteristics, they can avid causing ffence in thse cultures.
Hwever, thers argue that generalizing cultures will always lead t ffensive steretypes. They argue that the best thing we can d is t stp generalizing cultures and start treating peple as individuals.
All this raises imprtant questins: Can making generalizatins abut grups f peple be a psitive thing? Or shuld we always avid making brad assumptins abut different grups?
41．When he said “It’s like, this must be dne abslutely perfectly... tmrrw”, Jeremy Clarksn really meant ________.
A．the steretypes f the Germans and the Irish are nt s gd
B．the cmbinatin f half German and half Irish is interesting
C．the characteristics f the Germans and the Irish are ppsite
D．the Germans will d it perfectly tmrrw while the Irish wn’t.
42．Which f the fllwing is TRUE accrding t the passage?
A．It’s typical f the Swiss t be punctual.
B．The Irish peple are cnsidered as lazy, direct and casual.
C．The Germans are thught t be efficient, friendly and direct.
D．The Swiss peple can play the alphrn.
43．Pliticians think it imprtant t generalize anther culture because ________.
A．they dn’t want t ffend ther peple
B．generalizing will lead t ffensive steretypes
C．cultural characteristics are better than steretypes
D．they shuld treat peple as individuals
44．The main purpse f this passage is t ________.
A．shw the imprtance f making generalizatins
B．shw it is wrng t play jkes n steretypes f different peple
C．tell us the differences between steretypes and cultural characteristics
D．discuss whether it is gd t make generalizatins abut grups f peple
【答案】41．C 42．A 43．A 44．D
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要以“是否要对民族特性或群体特性作概括”为话题进行了讨论，由于文化不同，习俗习惯的不同，不同的国家的人总是有其独特之处，而这些独特之处需要给与尊重。一方面，了解不同民族国家的文化特点有助于政治家们的国家交往，另一方面，对一个群体进行共性概括可能会造成令人不快的刻板印象。
41．词义猜测题。根据第二段内容“This is a jke abut the steretype that Germans are efficient and Irish are lazy.(这是一个关于德国人效率高而爱尔兰人懒惰的刻板印象的笑话。)”可知，大家对于德国人的印象是“高效率”，对于爱尔兰人的印象是“懒惰”，因此，当一个他的一位嘉宾有一半德国血统，一半爱尔兰血统，基于对于这两国家人的刻板印象，他说出了“That’s quite a strange cmbinatin. It’s like, this must be dne abslutely perfectly... tmrrw(这真是个奇怪的组合。就像，这必须做得绝对完美……明天)”这样的话，用“abslutely perfectly”对应德国人的“高效率”，用“tmrrw”对应爱尔兰人的“懒惰”，这是一个矛盾的奇怪的结合。因此可知，他想真正表达的是“德国人和爱尔兰人的特点正好相反”。故选C项。
42．细节理解题。根据文章第七段内容“If, hwever, this turist were t say that the Swiss are very punctual, this culd be seen as a cultural characteristic. This is because it is a pattern f behaviur which is very typical in Switzerland: frm their transprt system t their business meetings.(然而，如果这位游客说瑞士人非常守时，这可以被看作是一种文化特征。这是因为这是瑞士非常典型的一种行为模式：从他们的交通系统到商务会议。)”可知，守时是瑞士人典型的文化特征。故选A项。
43．细节理解题。根据文章第八段内容“By becming aware f different cultural characteristics, they can avid causing ffence in thse cultures.(通过了解不同的文化特征，他们可以避免在这些文化中造成冒犯。)”可知，通过了解不同国家的文化特点，政治家们可以避免冒犯别人。故选A项。
44．推理判断题。通过阅读文章内容可作，文章首段用一个笑话抛出了关键词“the steretype (刻板印象) ”，并在后文用举例的方式讲述了其普遍存在性，其带来的沟通交往方面的意义，尤其通过文章末尾段内容“All this raises imprtant questins: Can making generalizatins abut grups f peple be a psitive thing? Or shuld we always avid making brad assumptins abut different grups?(所有这些都提出了一个重要的问题：对一群人进行概括是一件积极的事情吗？还是我们应该一直避免对不同的群体做出宽泛的假设？)”进行了主旨总结，即，文章主要讨论了是否需要民族性或群体性文化概括，是积极的还是令人不愉快的。因此可推知，这篇文章的主要目的是讨论对群体进行概括是否有益。故选D项。
12.（2023·重庆·高三重庆南开中学校考）
Plat believed that men are divided int three classes: gld, silver and brnze. Vilfred Paret, an Italian ecnmist, argued that “ the vital few” cntributed t mst prgress. Such viewpints are tab (禁忌) tday in public life. Pliticians avid talking f a “leadership class” r “the vital few”. Schl recruitment turns away frm picking winners. Universities welcme the masses: mre peple nw teach at British universities than attended them in the1950s.
In the private sectr things culd hardly be mre different. The wrld’s best cmpanies struggle tirelessly t find and keep the vital few. They ffer them fat pay packets, extra training, pwerful instructin and mre challenging assignments. Private-equity (私人股权) firms rely heavily n a few stars. Firms in emerging markets are desperate t find high-flyers wh can cpe with rapid grwth and fast-changing envirnments.
Few peple knw mre abut hw cmpanies manage talent than Bill Cnaty and RamCharan. Mr. Cnaty led the human-resurces department at General Electric (GE) fr 14years. Mr. Charan has spent the past few decades presenting prpsals t sme celebrated entrepreneurs (企业家). Their recent bk, The Talent Masters, prvides. a nice mix f prtraits f well-knwn talent factries, such as GE and Prcter & Gamble (P&G).
Successful cmpanies make sure that senir managers are invlved with “ talent develpment”. Jack Welch and A．G. Lafley, frmer bsses f GE and P&G, claimed that they spent 40% f their time n persnnel. Andy Grve, wh ra n Intel, a chipmaker, bliged all the senir peple, including himself, t spend at least a week a year instructing high-flyers . Nitin Paranjpe, the bss f Hindustan Unilever, recruits peple frm campuses and regularly visits high-flyers in their ffices.
Elitism (精英主义) has its drawbacks. In their rush t classify peple, cmpanies can miss ptential stars. Thse wh are singled ut fr special treatment can becme t full f themselves.
45．The change that ccurred in British universities reflects that .
A．mre students enrll fr schls
B．peple f tday are much cleverer
C．UK attaches imprtance t educatin
D．elitism in public rganizatins declines
46．Which peple belng t “high-flyers” based n the passage?
A．Ptential clients.B．Faithful emplyees.
C．Cmpetent managers.D．Celebrated pliticians.
47．Hw is paragraph 4 mainly develped?
A．By listing examples. B．By classificatin.
C．By analyzing causes. D． By describing a prcess.
48．Which statement can be inferred frm the passage?
A．Discriminatin in wrkplaces will get mre serius.
B．Famus cmpanies’ elitism management is wrth trying.
C．The Talent Masters ffers advice t sme leading bsses.
D．Elitism may get sme ptential talented peple excluded.
【答案】45．D 46．C 47．A 48．D
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了随着商业竞争日益激烈，企业正努力培养原始人才，高科技公司尽管奉行平等主义，但在招聘最聪明的人才方面却毫不留情。新兴市场的公司都在拼命寻找雄心勃勃的年轻人来应对快速增长和快速变化的环境。由此提出了精英主义，并讨论了精英主义的优点以及缺点。
45．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Schl recruitment turns away frm picking winners. Universities welcme the masses: mre peple nw teach at British universities than attended them in the1950s.(学校招聘不再挑选优胜者。大学欢迎大众：现在在英国大学教书的人比上世纪50年代的学生还多。)”可知，如今在英国大学教书的人比50年代的学生还多，是因为学校不再只挑选优胜者任职，由此推断英国大学（公共组织）中的精英主义在下降。故选D。
46．词义猜测题。根据第二段中“wh can cpe with rapid grwth and fast-changing envirnments.(能够应对快速增长和快速变化的环境。)”可知，high-flyers是指能够应对快速增长和快速变化的环境的人，这些人是公司所渴求的人，故C选项“Cmpetent managers.(能干的经理)”符合这一类人群。故选C。
47．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Jack Welch and A. G. Lafley, frmer bsses f GE and P&G, claimed that they spent 40% f their time n persnnel. Andy Grve, wh ra n Intel, a chipmaker, bliged all the senir peple, including himself, t spend at least a week a year instructing high-flyers . Nitin Paranjpe, the bss f Hindustan Unilever, recruits peple frm campuses and regularly visits high-flyers in their ffices.(通用电气(GE)和宝洁(P&G)的前老板杰克•韦尔奇(Jack Welch)和雷富礼(A. G. Lafley)声称，他们将40%的时间花在人事上。芯片制造商英特尔(Intel)的掌舵人安迪•格鲁夫(Andy Grve)要求包括他自己在内的所有高管每年至少花一周时间指导那些雄心勃勃的人。印度斯坦联合利华(Hindustan Unilever)的老板Nitin Paranjpe从校园招聘人才，并定期到他们的办公室拜访那些有抱负的人。)”可知，本段中列举了通用电气(GE)和宝洁(P&G)的前老板杰克•韦尔奇(Jack Welch)和雷富礼(A. G. Lafley)等人的观点，故本段是以举例子的方式展开的。故选A。
48．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Elitism (精英主义) has its drawbacks. In their rush t classify peple, cmpanies can miss ptential stars. Thse wh are singled ut fr special treatment can becme t full f themselves.(精英主义有其缺点。在匆忙给人分类的过程中，公司可能会错过潜在的明星。那些被挑选出来接受特殊待遇的人可能会变得过于自满。)”可知，精英主义可能会使一些有潜力的人才被排除在外。故选D。
13.（2023·广东肇庆·高三校考阶段练习）
Nbdy likes t fail. It makes peple feel embarrassed and discuraged. What’s wrse, it may cause majr prfessinal r persnal truble and lead t negativity. Basically, failure is n fun fr mst peple. Hwever, a vast bdy f research tells us that failure prvides us with a chance t grw and develp, increases adaptability, and helps prtect against anxiety.
It’s hard t change the mindset(心态) f a lifetime. But even if we still can’t get ver the brken marriage r the failed Cllege Entrance Examinatin r the wrk presentatin that went fearfully wrng, it might nt be t late fr ur kids.
Christy Pennisn, a prfessinal cnsultant, says she wrks with an increasing number f kids and teens wh shw significant anxiety arund a fear f failure. She said, “We want t prtect ur children, and we want them t live happy and meaningful lives, s we frequently tell them the harm f failure and ask them t avid failure. The children experiencing internal and smetimes extenal pressure think they shuldn’t fail. Meanwhile, we always have high expectatins f them. S when they dn’t live up t a certain standard, r things dn’t g accrding t the plans, they will feel upset and anxius.”
Pennisn argues that failures, are ften the hidden learning chances that can help peple develp psitive qualities, like persistence, fcus, flexibility, patience, and psitive self-image.
S what can parents d t help their children embrace(拥抱) failure instead f aviding it at all csts? Pennisn suggests directing praise twards the effrt, nt the result. “This allws children t build cnfidence in themselves,” she explains. “Acknwledging the effrt can give children permissin t try new things withut a fear f failure. And the bigger picture is that the develpment f the mindset—‘I’d rather try and fail than nt try at all.’ —helps them keep a belief in themselves, and expands their wrld f pssibilities.” As Pennisn pints ut, we all fail, but hw we get up after we fail is what matters.
49．What aspect d mst peple fcus n when thinking f failure?
A．The great curage t face it.B．The effrts made t handle it.
C．Unexpected benefits it brings.D．Unpleasant side effects it brings.
50．What des the authr intend t d in Paragraph 2?
A．Bring up the main tpic.B．List the challenges in ur life.
C．Add sme backgrund infrmatin.D．Stress the imprtance f the mindset.
51．What is mainly talked abut in the third paragraph?
A．The causes f children’s anxiety.
B．Christy Pennisn’s cmments n adlescents.
C．The cnsequences f verprtecting children.
D．Christy Pennisn’s experience in educating children.
52．Which f the fllwing advice can help parents encurage kids t face failure?
A．Praise kids’ every achievement.B．Fcus n the result f kids’ effrt
C．Expand kids’ knwledge abut the wrld.D．Encurage kids t make new attempts.
【答案】49．D 50．A 51．A 52．D
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了失败并不完全是一件坏事，它可以提供成长和发展的机会，还可以帮助抵抗焦虑，并阐述了我们应该如何让儿童学会面对失败。
49．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Nbdy likes t fail. It makes peple feel embarrassed and discuraged.(没有人喜欢失败，它让人感到尴尬和气馁。)”和“Basically, failure is n fun fr mst peple.(基本上，失败对大多数人来说并不是一件有趣的事。)”可知，当想到失败时，大多数人会关注它所带来的不愉快的影响，例如，让人感到尴尬和气馁。故选D项。
50．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“But even if we still can’t get ver the brken marriage r the failed Cllege Entrance Examinatin r the wrk presentatin that went fearfully wrng, it might nt be t late fr ur kids.(但是，即使我们仍然无法克服破裂的婚姻、失败的高考或出现可怕错误的工作报告，对我们的孩子来说可能还为时不晚。)”可知，即使我们仍然不能克服生活中的失败带来的恐惧，但对我们的孩子来说可能还不算太晚。再根据下文内容可知，下文讲述了父母应该如何鼓励孩子面对失败。由此可推断出，作者想通过第二段的内容来引出文章主题：如何鼓励孩子面对失败。故选A项。
51．主旨大意题。浏览第三段内容，尤其是根据第三段关键句“Meanwhile, we always have high expectatins f them. S when they dn’t live up t a certain standard, r things dn’t g accrding t the plans, they will feel upset and anxius.(同时，我们对他们总是抱有很高的期望。所以当他们没有达到一定标准，或者事情没有按照计划进行时，他们就会感觉不安和焦虑。)”可推断出，第三段主要是告诉我们儿童焦虑的原因，我们对他们的期望过高。故选A项。
52．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Pennisn suggests directing praise twards the effrt, nt the result.(Pennisn建议将表扬指向努力，而不是结果。)”和“Acknwledging the effrt can give children permissin t try new things withut a fear f failure.(承认所付出的努力可以让孩子们在不害怕失败的情况下尝试新事物。)”可知，父母的表扬应该指向努力的过程，而不是结果，承认孩子的努力可以让他们尝试新事物，而不害怕失败。由此可知，鼓励孩子们做出新的尝试可以帮助孩子面对失败。故选D项。
14.（2023·山东·德州市第一中学校联考模拟预测）
Many schlars agree that a meaningful existence cmes dwn t three factrs: the cherence f ne’s life, the pssessin f clear lng-term gals and the belief that ne’s life matters. But we believe there is anther element t cnsider.
Imagine the first butterfly yu stp t admire after a lng winter r the scenery atp a hill after a fresh hike. Smetimes existence delivers us small mments f beauty. When peple are pen t appreciating such experiences, these mments may enhance hw they view their life. We call this element experiential appreciatin, an ability t detect and admire life’s inner beauty as events happen.
T better understand this appreciatin, we cnducted a series f studies invlving ver 3,000 participants. Initially, we had participants rate their cping strategies t relieve their stress. Thse managing stress by fcusing n their appreciatin fr life’s beauty reprted experiencing life as highly meaningful. In the fllw-ups, we asked them t rate the extent t which they agreed with varius statements, such as “I have a great appreciatin fr the beauty f life” and ther statements related t cherence, purpse, existential mattering. Our results shwed that the mre peple indicated that they were “appreciating life”, the mre they felt their existence valuable. In the subsequent experiment, we further explred the phenmenn by asking participants t watch an awe-inspiring vide, they als reprted having a greater sense f experiential appreciatin and meaning in life in these mments, cmpared with thse watching mre neutral vides.
The final results cnfirmed ur riginal thery: appreciating small things can make life feel mre meaningful. But applying that insight can be difficult. Our mdern, fast-paced, prject-riented lifestyles fill the day with targets. We are n the g, attempting t maximize ur utput. This makes it easy t miss what is happening right nw. Yet life happens in the present mment. We shuld slw dwn, let life surprise us and embrace the significance every day.
53．What is the authr’s belief in meaningful life?
A．Owning the cherence f life.
B．Setting a lng-term career gal.
C．Valuing what matters just t us.
D．Enjying present beauty f life.
54．What is the third paragraph mainly abut?
A．The apprach t cnducting the studies.
B．The analysis f the specific bjectives.
C．The necessity f a lng-term gal in life.
D．The lgic behind experiential appreciatin.
55．What challenges us t feel mre meaningful life accrding t the text?
A．Our fast-paced mdern lifestyle.
B．The lack f emplyment chances.
C．Our fcus n individual feelings.
D．The ignrance f future utcmes.
56．What can be the best title f the passage?
A．Appreciating the past.
B．Living in the mment.
C．Finding yurself back.
D．Embracing the future.
【答案】53．D 54．D 55．A 56．B
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲的是体验性欣赏的好处以及我们要活在当下，欣赏生活中的美。
53．细节理解题。根据第一段的“Many schlars agree that a meaningful existence cmes dwn t three factrs: the cherence f ne’s life, the pssessin f clear lng-term gals and the belief that ne’s life matters. But we believe there is anther element t cnsider.(许多学者认为，一个有意义的存在归结为三个因素：一个人的生命的连贯性，拥有明确的长期目标，相信自己的生命是重要的。但我们认为还有另一个因素需要考虑。)”，第二段的“We call this element experiential appreciatin, an ability t detect and admire life’s inner beauty as events happen.(我们称这种元素为体验性欣赏，一种在事件发生时发现和欣赏生活内在美的能力。)”和最后一段的“Yet life happens in the present mment. We shuld slw dwn, let life surprise us and embrace the significance every day.(然而，生活就发生在当下。我们应该慢下来，让生活给我们惊喜，拥抱每一天的意义。)”可知，作者对有意义的生活的信念是享受当下的生活之美。故选D。
54．主旨大意题。根据第三段的“Our results shwed that the mre peple indicated that they were “appreciating life”, the mre they felt their existence valuable. In the subsequent experiment, we further explred the phenmenn by asking participants t watch an awe-inspiring vide, they als reprted having a greater sense f experiential appreciatin and meaning in life in these mments, cmpared with thse watching mre neutral vides.(我们的研究结果显示，越多的人表示他们“欣赏生活”，他们就越觉得自己的存在有价值。在随后的实验中，我们通过要求参与者观看令人敬畏的视频进一步探索了这一现象，他们也报告说，与那些观看更中性视频的人相比，他们在这些时刻有更大的体验感激感和生活意义。)”可知，第三段的主要内容是体验式欣赏背后的逻辑。故选D。
55．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Our mdern, fast-paced, prject-riented lifestyles fill the day with targets. We are n the g, attempting t maximize ur utput. This makes it easy t miss what is happening right nw.(我们现代、快节奏、以项目为导向的生活方式让每一天都充满了目标。我们忙得不可开交，试图使我们的产出最大化。这使得我们很容易忽略正在发生的事情。)”可知，我们快节奏的现代生活方式使感受更有意义的生活有了挑战。故选A。
56．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段的“We call this element experiential appreciatin, an ability t detect and admire life’s inner beauty as events happen.(我们称这种元素为体验性欣赏，一种在事件发生时发现和欣赏生活内在美的能力。)”和最后一段的“Yet life happens in the present mment. We shuld slw dwn, let life surprise us and embrace the significance every day.(然而，生活就发生在当下。我们应该慢下来，让生活给我们惊喜，拥抱每一天的意义。)”可知，本文主要讲的是体验性欣赏的好处以及我们要活在当下，欣赏生活中的美，因此最好的题目是B选项“Living in the mment.(活在当下。)”。故选B。
15.（2023·北京海淀·高三统考期中）
Climate experts are having a debate: they are asking whether the UK shuld fcus mre n adapting t climate change r trying t prevent it.
David Frst hlds that preventing climate change is n lnger an ptin, given the extent t which the Earth nw appears certain t heat up. Despite the many plicies which attempt t stp climate change, it nw seems unavidable that the wrld will pass the 1.5℃ r 2℃ increases in average glbal temperature that are likely t induce large changes in the climate.
David Frst is right in that ur ecnmies are grwing s much slwer than we had anticipated. Our emissins can drp if we reduce emissins per unit f GDP we create—but they can als drp if the GDP is lwer. Lwer grwth means it is mre feasible (可行的) fr us t achieve targets such as Net Zer, but it als makes it less envirnmentally urgent t achieve thse targets s sn, because we are and have been emitting a lt less carbn than we had anticipated.
The UK authrity finds the debate abut adaptatin difficult. Partly, it is because sme activists claim that adaptatin is nt feasible. They say that climate change will end human civilizatin, ptentially leading t the entire extinctin f the human race.
Hwever, the mainstream view f many scientists and ecnmists, wh wrk n climate change, is that glbal warming culd lead t large changes in ur envirnment. Significant parts f the wrld currently heavily ppulated culd becme effectively uninhabitable while ther parts currently unsuitable fr high-density human habitatin wuld becme mre habitable. Meanwhile, at higher temperatures bth climate and weather are likely t becme mre vlatile—including increased frequency f strms, flding and ther weather events.
These wuld be significant changes, but it wuld be perfectly feasible fr humans t adapt t them. The issue is nt whether adapting wuld be technically feasible, but whether it wuld be desirable either in ethical r practical terms. Are we willing t accept a materially warmer wrld, with humans living in different parts f it? Are we willing t accept the pssible extinctins f certain species and the greater flurishing f thse currently less successful and f new species yet t evlve? Are we willing t accept the cnsequences f a large shift in the patterns f human habitatin acrss the wrld?
It is by n means clear n what basis we ught t ethnically privilege the plants and animals that flurish under tday’s climate ver thse that wuld flurish under a warmer, mre vlatile climate. Hwever, adaptatin will be feasible and is a necessity given the extent t which warming is nw unavidable. Slwer GDP grwth and thus slwer climate change ught t make greater effrts at adaptatin mre attractive.
57．Accrding t the passage, wh hesitate(s) t adapt t the climate change?
A．The gvernment.B．Climate experts.
C．David Frst.D．The activists.
58．The underlined wrd “vlatile” in Paragraph 5 prbably means ________.
A．changeableB．predictableC．bearableD．nticeable
59．The questins in Paragraph 6 are mainly aimed at __________.
A．expressing dubts abut peple’s adaptability
B．presenting examples f future climate patterns
C．highlighting the cnsequences f human activities
D．helping peple decide n their penness t adaptatin
60．Which f the fllwing might the authr agree with?
A．Slwing climate change deserves great effrts.
B．Glbal warming is preventable t sme extent.
C．Adaptatin t climate change is beynd questin.
D．Prtectin f the current species shuld be priritized.
【答案】57．D 58．A 59．D 60．C
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲述了目前关于如何应对气候变化有两种不同观点——适应气候变化或者阻止气候变化，但作者认为适应气候变化是可行的和必要的。
57．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Partly, it is because sme activists claim that adaptatin is nt feasible.(部分原因是一些积极分子声称适应是不可行的。)”可知，一些积极分子认为适应气候变化不可行，所以他们对适应气候变化感到犹豫。故选D。
58．词义猜测题。根据第五段破折号后的“including increased frequency f strms, flding and ther weather events(包括暴风雨、洪水和其他天气事件的频率增加)”可知，风暴、洪水和其他天气事件发生的频率增加，由此可推测出，气候和天气可能变得更加多变。vlatile意为“易变的”，与changeable意思最接近。故选A。
59．推理判断题。根据第六段中的“The issue is nt whether adapting wuld be technically feasible, but whether it wuld be desirable either in ethical r practical terms.(问题不在于适应在技术上是否可行，而在于从道德或实践角度来看是否可取。)”可知，从技术上来说适应气候变化是可行的，但问题是从道德或实践角度来看适应气候变化是否可取。接下来“Are we willing t accept a materially warmer wrld, with humans living in different parts f it? Are we willing t accept the pssible extinctins f certain species and the greater flurishing f thse currently less successful and f new species yet t evlve? Are we willing t accept the cnsequences f a large shift in the patterns f human habitatin acrss the wrld?(我们是否愿意接受一个实质上更温暖的世界，人类生活在这个世界的不同地方？我们是否愿意接受某些物种可能灭绝，以及那些目前不太成功的物种和尚未进化的新物种更加繁荣？我们是否愿意接受世界各地人类居住模式发生重大转变的后果？)”用提问的方式引发人们思考是否能接受气候变化带来的影响。由此可推测出，这些问题旨在帮助人们确定自己对适应的接受性。故选D。
60．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Hwever, adaptatin will be feasible and is a necessity given the extent t which warming is nw unavidable.(然而，考虑到气候变暖目前不可避免的程度，适应将是可行的，也是必要的。)”可知，作者认为气候变暖是不可避免的，所以适应是可行的和必要的，由此可推测出，作者认为适应气候变化是毋庸置疑的。故选C。
16.（2023·广东江门·高三统考阶段练习）
Yu scrll thrugh Instagram and like every pst yu see. Yu read an acquaintance’s stry as sn as they pst it. Yu leave a cmment n a pst r tw. Then it hits yu: Didn’t yu just leave a cmment n that persn’s pst yesterday? And the day befre that? And last week?
An Instagram creep is smene wh ffers unprmpted significant attentin nline t certain individuals they’ve taken an interest in. It is a strategy t send a signal f affectin -whether it is t a rmantic partner, r a clse friend, but it can als be perceived as being t much, t interested and t invlved. At wrst, it might be seen as being pssessive, as the persn abslutely has t be the first t cmment, t establish his imprtance in frnt f thers.
Hwever, nt every Instagram creep has the same intentins, with sme lighthearted and inncent. “Fr example, peple wh have a higher frequency f being nline may have a higher likelihd f seeing the psts quickly, “said Maryanne Fisher, a psychlgy prfessr at St.Mary’s University in Canada. “In a way, it culd be simply an expsure effect.”
“If yu feel like yu’re the creeper, there’s a quick way t fix the prblem. Resisting the urge t cmment r like every pst wuld be helpful,” Fisher said. It’s imprtant t be aware that while yu might be ding it t express affectin, it can be perceived as being pssessive. Yu shuld ask yurself what yur intentin is. What need is getting met by that behavir? If it makes the recipient feel uncmfrtable and excessive, that shuld be attended t. If it’s a pattern and if it’s a “need”, then there might be smething mre significant ging n.
All tld, remember that anything yu put n the Internet has cnsequences. If yu think yu’re being creepy even fr a secnd, take time t separate yurself frm it.
61．Wh is likely t be an Instagram creep?
A．An ld man unfamiliar with scial media.
B．A yung guy having a preference fr a certain brand.
C．A wman having a tendency t talk nline with friends.
D．An adult wh is paying special attentin t his friend’s Instagram update.
62．What is Para.3 f the text mainly abut?
A．Ways t fix the prblem.
B．Effects n the recipients.
C．Pssible reasns fr being creepy.
D．Differences between serius and lighthearted creepers.
63．What effect might a creeper have n the persn being “creeped”n?
A．The persn likes the behaviur.
B．The persn wasn’t aware f that.
C．The persn might nt feel at ease.
D．The persn might feel like the creeper.
64．What des the authr want t express in this passage?
A．Less is mre.
B．Lk befre yu leap.
C．Lve me,lve my dg.
D．Put the cart befre the hrse.
【答案】61．D 62．C 63．C 64．B
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了在社交媒体平台上过于关注他人并表现出大量关注的行为，即所谓的“Instagram creep”，可能会造成不好的后果并被视为占有欲强，以提醒人们在网络上的行为会产生后果，敦促读者提前思考自己的行为并避免过度关注他人而造成不舒服的感觉。
61．推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“An Instagram creep is smene wh ffers unprmpted significant attentin nline t certain individuals they’ve taken an interest in. (Instagram creep是指那些对自己感兴趣的特定人物在网络上主动提供无需提示的重要关注的人)”可知，Instagram creep是指那些对特定人物在网上不经邀请主动表现出大量关注的人。由此推知，最有可能成为Instagram creep的是特别关注朋友Instagram更新的成年人。故选D项。
62．主旨大意题。根据文章第三段““If yu feel like yu’re the creeper, there’s a quick way t fix the prblem. Resisting the urge t cmment r like every pst wuld be helpful,” Fisher said. It’s imprtant t be aware that while yu might be ding it t express affectin, it can be perceived as being pssessive. Yu shuld ask yurself what yur intentin is. What need is getting met by that behavir? If it makes the recipient feel uncmfrtable and excessive, that shuld be attended t. If it’s a pattern and if it’s a “need”, then there might be smething mre significant ging n. (“如果你觉得自己像个creeper，有一个快速解决问题的办法，抑制对每篇帖子发表评论或点赞的冲动会有所帮助，”Fisher说道。重要的是要意识到，尽管你可能是出于表达情感的目的，但它可能被视为占有欲强。你应该问问自己你的意图是什么。这种行为满足了什么需求？如果它让接收者感到不舒服和过分，那就应该加以关注。如果这是一种模式，这是一种“需要”，那么可能有更重要的事情发生)”可知，本段主要提到了一种可能的原因，即那些经常上线的人在快速看到帖子的可能性更高。由此可知，该段主要讨论成为Instagram creep的可能原因，故选C项。
63．细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“At wrst, it might be seen as being pssessive, as the persn abslutely has t be the first t cmment, t establish his imprtance in frnt f thers. (从最坏的情况来看，这种行为可能被视为占有欲强，这让人感到不舒服)”可知，这种行为会让人觉得自在，故选C项。
64．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“All tld, remember that anything yu put n the Internet has cnsequences. If yu think yu’re being creepy even fr a secnd, take time t separate yurself frm it. (总而言之，请记住，你在互联网上发布的任何内容都会产生后果。如果你认为自己怪异，哪怕是一秒钟，花点时间把自己与它分开)”可知，作者提到了一切放在互联网上都有后果的警示，如果你觉得自己行为怪异，就要及时纠正。由此推知，作者想要表达的是三思而后行的意思，故选B项。
17.（2023·上海·高三同济大学第一附属中学校考）
N wman can be t rich r t thin. This saying ften attributed t the late Duchess (公爵夫人) f Windsr represents much f the dd spirit f ur times. Being thin is cnsidered as such virtue.
The prblem with such a view is that sme peple actually attempt t live by it. I myself have fantasies f slipping int narrw designer clches. Cnsequently, I have been n a diet fr the better r wrse-part f my life. Being rich wuldn’t be bad either, but that wn’t happen unless an unknwn relative dies suddenly in sme distant land, leaving me millins f dllars.
Where did we g ff the track? When did eating butter becme a sin, and a little bit f extra flesh unappealing, if nt upsetting? Until quite recently, mst peple had a prblem getting enugh t eat. In sme religius grups, wealth was a symbl f prbable salvatin (救助) and high mrals, and fatness a sign f wealth and well-being.
Tday the ppsite is true. We have shifted t thinness as ur new mark f virtue. The result is that being fat—r ever nly smewhat verweight—is bad because it implies a lack f mral strength.
Our bsessin with thinness is als fueled by health cncerns. It is true that in this cuntry we have mre verweight peple than ever befre, and that in many cases, being verweight is assciated with an increased risk f heart and bld vessel disease. These diseases, hwever, may have as much t d with ur way f life and ur high-fat diets as with excess weight. And the assciated risk f cancer in the digestive system may be mre f a dietary prblem—t much fat and a lack f fiber—than a weight prblem.
The real cncern, then, is nt that we weight t much, but that we neither exercise enugh nr eat well. Exercise is necessary fr strng bnes and bth heart and lung health. A balanced diet withut a lt f fat can als help the bdy avid many diseases. We shuld surely stp paying s much attentin t weight. Simply being thin is nt enugh. It is actually hazardus if thse wh get (r already are) thin think they are autmatically healthy and thus free frm paying attentin t their verall life-style. Thinness can be pure vainglry.
65．In the eyes f the authr, an dd phenmenn nwadays is that ________.
A．the Duchess f Windsr is regarded as a wman f virtue
B．lking slim is a symbl f having a large frtune
C．being thin is viewed as a much desired quality
D．religius peple are nt necessarily kind-hearted
66．In human histry, peple’s views n bdy weight ________.
A．were clsely related t their religius beliefsB．changed frm time t time
C．varied between the pr and the richD．led t different mral standards
67．What des the underlined wrd “vainglry” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Great hnur.B．Outdated cncept.C．Self-relianceD．Excessive pride.
68．The authr criticizes wmen’s bsessin with thinness ________.
A．frm an ecnmic and educatinal perspective
B．frm scilgical and medical pints f view
C．frm a histrical and religius standpint
D．in the light f mral principles
【答案】65．C 66．B 67．D 68．B
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，作者在文章中谈论了自己对大众以瘦为美的看法。
65．细节理解题。根据第一段的“This saying ften attributed t the late Duchess (公爵夫人) f Windsr represents much f the dd spirit f ur times. Being thin is cnsidered as such virtue.(这句话经常被认为是已故温莎公爵夫人的名言，代表了我们这个时代的古怪精神。变瘦被认为是这种美德。)”可知，我们这个时代的古怪现象是变瘦被视为一种想要的品质。故选C。
66．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Until quite recently, mst peple had a prblem getting enugh t eat. In sme religius grups, wealth was a symbl f prbable salvatin (救助) and high mrals, and fatness a sign f wealth and well-being.(直到最近，大多数人都有吃不饱的问题。在一些宗教团体中，财富是有希望获得救赎和高尚道德的象征，肥胖是财富和幸福的象征。)”和第四段中的“Tday the ppsite is true. We have shifted t thinness as ur new mark f virtue.(今天情况正好相反。我们已经把瘦作为我们美德的新标志。)”可知，直到最近，人们认为肥胖是财富和幸福的象征，而现在人们把瘦作为美德。由此可推测出，我们对体重的看法会随着时代变化而变化。故选B。
67．词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句前的“We shuld surely stp paying s much attentin t weight. Simply being thin is nt enugh. It is actually hazardus if thse wh get (r already are) thin think they are autmatically healthy and thus free frm paying attentin t their verall life-style.(我们当然不应该再那么关注体重了。仅仅瘦是不够的。如果那些变瘦——或已经变瘦——的人认为自己会自动变健康，从而不关注自己的整体生活方式，这实际上是危险的。)”可知，我们不应该过多关注体重，变瘦并不意味着变健康，如果不关注自己整体的生活方式，这实际上会很危险，由此可推测出，画线词所在句表达的是“瘦可能纯粹是一种虚荣”，这里是对前文只关注瘦而不关注整体生活方式这种片面行为的评价。vainglry意为“自负，极度的虚荣心”，与D项意思最接近。故选D。
68．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“We have shifted t thinness as ur new mark f virtue.(我们已经把瘦作为我们美德的新标志。)”和第五段首句“Our bsessin with thinness is als fueled by health cncerns.(健康问题也助长了我们对瘦的痴迷。)”并结合这两段内容可知，第四段和第五段分别从道德和健康两个方面谈论了女性对瘦的痴迷，由此可推测出，作者从社会学和医学的角度批评了女性对瘦的追捧。故选B。
18.（2023·湖南·高三雅礼中学校考阶段练习）
Autmatin (自动化) was a ht tpic. Nearly everyne agreed that peple wuld be wrking less nce cmputers and ther kinds f autmatic machinery became widespread. Fr ptimists, this was a prmise f liberatin: At last humanity wuld be freed frm cnstant til, and we culd all devte ur days t mre refined pursuits. But thers saw a threat: Millins f peple wuld be thrwn ut f wrk, and desperate masses wuld ram the streets. Lking back frm 50 years hence, the cntrversy ver autmatin seems a quaint and curius episde. The dispute was never reslved.
A．J. Hayes, a leader(and n relatin t me), wrte in 1964: Autmatin is nt just a new kind f mechanizatin but a revlutinary frce capable f verturning ur scial rder. Whereas mechanizatin made wrkers mre efficient-and thus mre valuable-autmatin threatens t make them superfluus (过剩的)-and thus withut value. The pinins I have cited here represent extreme psitins, and there were als many milder views. But I think it’s fair t say that mst early students f autmatin, including bth critics and enthusiasts, believed the new technlgy wuld lead us int a wrld where peple wrked much less.
As fr ecnmic cnsequences, wrries abut unemplyment have certainly nt gne away-nt with jb lsses in the current recessin appraching 2 millin wrkers in ur cuntry alne. But recent jb lsses are cmmnly attributed t causes ther than autmatin, such as cmpetitin frm verseas r a rller-caster financial system. In any case, the visin f a wrld where machines d all the wrk and peple stand idly by has simply nt cme t pass.
The spread f autmatin utside f the factry has altered its scial and ecnmic impact in sme curius ways. In many cases, the net effect f autmatin is nt that machines are ding wrk that peple used t d. Instead we’ve dispensed with the peple wh used t be paid t run the ma-chines, and we’ve learned t run them urselves. These trends cntradict almst all the expectatins f early writers n autmatin, bth ptimists and pessimists. S far, autmatin has neither liberated us frm the need t wrk nr deprived us f the pprtunity t wrk. Instead, we’re wrking mre than ever.
What abut trades clser t my wn vital interests? Will science be autmated? Technlgy al-ready has a central rle in many areas f research; fr example, genme sequences culd nt be read by traditinal lab-bench methds. Replacing the scientist will presumably be a little harder than re-placing the lab technician, but when a machine exhibits enugh curisity and tenacity, I think we’ll just have t welcme it as a cmpanin in zealus research. And if the scientist is elbwed aside by an autmatn, then surely the science writer can’t hld ut either. I’m ready fr my 15-hur wrk-week.
69．In Paragraph 1, the writer mainly wants t cnvey that .
A．autmatin results in unemplyment n
B．autmatin des mre harm than gd
C．the issue f autmatin is still in discussin
D．autmatin brings in much cnvenience in life
70．Accrding t A．J. Hayes, we can infer .
A．autmatin is mre valuable than what we imagine
B．autmatin is a revlutinary frce t better develpment
C．the disadvantages f autmatin far utweigh the advantages
D．the new technlgy wuld lead peple int wrking much less
71．What des the underlined wrd pssibly mean?
A．Put. . . dwn fr.B．Set. . . free frm.
C．Bring. . . int.D．Take. . . away frm.
72．What can we cnclude frm this passage?
A．Peple needn’t wrk s hard due t autmatin.
B．Traditinal labr frce will be replaced in the near future.
C．Autmatin shuld be accepted reasnably in develpment.
D．Autmatin results in mre jb lsses in the writer’s cuntry.
【答案】69．C 70．B 71．D 72．C
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了作者对于生活中自动化的评价及看法。
69．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Nearly everyne agreed that peple wuld be wrking less nce cmputers and ther kinds f autmatic machinery became widespread. Fr ptimists, this was a prmise f liberatin: At last humanity wuld be freed frm cnstant til, and we culd all devte ur days t mre refined pursuits. But thers saw a threat: Millins f peple wuld be thrwn ut f wrk, and desperate masses wuld ram the streets. Lking back frm 50 years hence, the cntrversy ver autmatin seems a quaint and curius episde. The dispute was never reslved.(几乎每个人都同意，一旦计算机和其他种类的自动机器普及，人们的工作就会减少。对乐观主义者来说，这是一个解放的承诺：人类最终将从无休止的辛劳中解脱出来，我们都可以把时间花在更精致的追求上。但其他人看到了一种威胁：数百万人将失去工作，绝望的群众将在街上游荡。从50年前看过去，关于自动化的争论似乎是一个古怪而奇怪的插曲。这场争论从未得到解决。)”可知，自从自动化产生，人们对于其孰优孰劣的争论一直持续不断。由此可知，本段主要想表达的内容是自动化的问题仍在讨论中。故选C。
70．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Autmatin is nt just a new kind f mechanizatin but a revlutinary frce capable f verturning ur scial rder. Whereas mechanizatin made wrkers mre efficient-and thus mre valuable-autmatin threatens t make them superfluus (过剩的)-and thus withut value.(自动化不仅是一种新型的机械化，而且是一种能够颠覆我们社会秩序的革命性力量。机械化使工人更有效率，因此更有价值，而自动化威胁使他们成为多余的，因此没有价值。)”可推知，根据A. J. Hayes的说法，自动化是更好发展的革命性力量。故选B。
71．词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段中“S far, autmatin has neither liberated us frm the need t wrk(到目前为止，自动化并没有把我们从工作的需要中解放出来)”和“Instead, we’re wrking mre than ever.(相反，我们比以往任何时候都更努力工作。)”可知，划线词所在句子表示“到目前为止，自动化既没有把我们从工作的需要中解放出来，也没有剥夺我们工作的机会”，划线词的意思是“剥夺”，和D选项“Take... away frm”意思相近，故选D。
72．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Replacing the scientist will presumably be a little harder than re-placing the lab technician, but when a machine exhibits enugh curisity and tenacity, I think we’ll just have t welcme it as a cmpanin in zealus research.(替换科学家可能比替换实验室技术人员要困难一些，但当一台机器表现出足够的好奇心和毅力时，我认为我们将不得不欢迎它作为热心研究的伙伴。)”可推知，在发展中应合理接受自动化。故选C。
19.（2023·河南郑州·高三郑州外国语学校校考）
With the WHO n lnger cnsidering COVID-19 a glbal health emergency, it seems that the virus and its large number f deaths will sn fade frm memry, alng with N95 masks and PCR tests.
Our ability t frget a pandemic is partly a cping mechanism, reflecting the emtinal immune system that enables us t mve n with ur daily lives. Every day, we receive massive infrmatin that ur brains struggle t keep. Mrever, the prcess by which ur brains assess risk is deeply persnal and influenced by ur wn needs.
We are reminded why s many peple were eager t frget the 1918 influenza pandemic and embrace the jys f the Raring Twenties. But cllective frgetting threatens t leave us unprepared fr future airbrne disease utbreaks, frcing us t re-learn fundamental lessns abut the imprtance f masking and shifting activities utdrs t prevent transmissin.
Peple ften have a mre psitive view f the future than the past as a way f building psychlgical resilience (韧性). This is because, unlike the unchangeable past, the future ffers endless pssibilities. But ur tendency t lk frward als arrests prgress n issues like pandemic preparedness, as it leads us t believe we are better equipped than we are.
Tday, there’s still n cmprehensive effrt t carry ut the detailed recmmendatins n hw t imprve pandemic preparedness. Tday, we still lack clear explanatins fr why ur public-health agencies are understaffed and undefended, why supply chains failed, why COVID-19 misinfrmatin was allwed t verflw n media platfrms, and why ur public-health respnses remain passive.
It has taken Ireland mre than 150 years t build memrials and museums marking the impact f the disaster — the Great Famine f the 1840s. We cannt affrd t let the same happen with COVID-19. Our ability t remember the past culd affect billins f lives in the future.
73．What is Paragraph 2 mainly abut?
A．The pandemic cping system.B．The struggle f data memry.
C．The reasns fr frgetting a pandemic.D．The persnal pandemic assessment.
74．Why are the 1918 influenza pandemic and the Raring Twenties mentined in Paragraph 3?
A．T utline the astnishing parallel fund in histry.
B．T reveal the harmful effect f cllective frgetting.
C．T uncver peple’s cllective lss f memry.
D．T reflect peple’s interest in future pssibilities.
75．It can be inferred that during the pst-pandemic time ________.
A．gd preparatins fr the next pandemic have been made
B．peple’s ability t cpe with a pandemic is underestimated
C．the suggestins n pandemic preventin are well adpted
D．a list f questins cncerning the pandemic remain t be answered
76．What des the authr intend peple t d in the passage?
A．Remember the pandemic.B．Embrace the pandemic-free life.
C．Invest in the pandemic research.D．Build memrials t the pandemic.
【答案】73．A 74．B 75．D 76．A
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章认为随着新冠疫情不再被视为全球卫生紧急事件，人们开始了集体遗忘，虽然这种遗忘一定程度上是一种应对机制，但是它会带来负面影响，阻碍我们在流行病防范上取得进展，实际上后疫情时代许多问题仍有待回答，我们不应该遗忘新冠疫情。
73．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Our ability t frget a pandemic is partly a cping mechanism, reflecting the emtinal immune system that enables us t mve n with ur daily lives. Every day, we receive massive infrmatin that ur brains struggle t keep. Mrever, the prcess by which ur brains assess risk is deeply persnal and influenced by ur wn needs. (我们忘记疫情的能力在一定程度上是一种应对机制，反映了使我们能够继续日常生活的情感免疫系统。每天，我们都会接收到大脑难以保存的大量信息。此外，我们的大脑评估风险的过程是非常个人化的，受我们自身需求的影响)”可知，本段从科学角度解释了忘记疫情的能力的本质，这一定程度上是一种情感应对机制，受到大脑处理信息的能力以及个体需求的影响，因此本段主要是解释疫情应对机制。故选A项。
74．推理判断题。根据第三段“We are reminded why s many peple were eager t frget the 1918 influenza pandemic and embrace the jys f the Raring Twenties. But cllective frgetting threatens t leave us unprepared fr future airbrne disease utbreaks, frcing us t re-learn fundamental lessns abut the imprtance f masking and shifting activities utdrs t prevent transmissin. (我们被提醒着，为什么那么多人急于忘记1918年的流感大流行，而拥抱咆哮的20年代的欢乐。但是，集体遗忘可能会让我们对未来的空气传播疾病爆发毫无准备，迫使我们重新学习关于佩戴口罩和改变户外活动以防止传播的重要性的基本教训)”可推知，1918年的流感大流行和咆哮的20年代被提及主要是为了引出下文的观点，说明集体遗忘会带来有害影响，让我们无法应对未来类似的危机。故选B项。
75．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Tday, we still lack clear explanatins fr why ur public-health agencies are understaffed and undefended, why supply chains failed, why COVID-19 misinfrmatin was allwed t verflw n media platfrms, and why ur public-health respnses remain passive. (今天，我们仍然没有明确的解释，为什么我们的公共卫生机构人手不足，没有防御，为什么供应链失败，为什么新冠疫情的错误信息被允许在媒体平台上泛滥，为什么我们的公共卫生反应仍然是被动的)”可知，我们无法解释新冠疫情中存在的很多重要的问题。由此推知，在后疫情时代，关于疫情的一系列问题仍有待回答。故选D项。
76．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“We cannt affrd t let the same happen with COVID-19. Our ability t remember the past culd affect billins f lives in the future. (我们不能让同样的事情发生在新冠疫情上。我们记忆过去的能力可能会影响未来数十亿人的生活)”可知，作者认为人们不应该遗忘新冠疫情，记住过去才能更好地应对未来。故选A项。
20.（2023·河北·高三校联考阶段练习）
In the days befre the Internet, critical thinking was the mst imprtant skill f infrmed citizens. But in the digital age, accrding t Anastasia Kzyreva, a psychlgist at the Max Planck Institute f Human Develpment, and her clleagues, an even mre imprtant skill is critical ignring.
As the researchers pint ut, we live in an attentin ecnmy where cntent prducers n the Internet cmpete fr ur attentin. They attract us with a lt f emtinal and eye-catching stries while prviding little useful infrmatin, s they can expse us t prfit-generating advertisements. Therefre,we are n lnger custmers but prducts, and each link we click is a sale f ur time and attentin. Tprtect urselves frm this, Kzyreva advcates fr learning the skill f critical ignring, in which readers intentinally cntrl their infrmatin envirnment t reduce expsure t false and lw-quality infrmatin.
Accrding t Kzyreva, critical ignring cmprises three strategies. The first is t design urenvirnments, which invlves the remval f lw-quality yet hard-t-resist infrmatin frm arund. Successful dieters need t keep unhealthy fd ut f their hmes. Likewise, we need t set up a digital envirnment where attentin-grabbing items are kept ut f sight. As with dieting, if ne tries t bank nwillpwer nt t click eye-catching “news”, he’ll surely fail. S, it’s better t just keep them ut f sightt begin with.
The next is t evaluate the reliability f infrmatin, whse purpse is t prtect yu frm false and misleading infrmatin. It can be realized by checking the surce in the mainstream news agencies which have their reputatins fr being trustwrthy.
The last ges by the phrase “d nt feed the trlls.” Trlls are actrs wh internatinally spread false and hurtful infrmatin nline t cause harm. It may be appealing t respnd t them t set the facts straight, but trlls just care abut annying thers rather than facts. S, it’s best nt t reward their bad behaviur with ur attentin.
By sharpening ur critical ignring skills in these ways, we can make the mst f the Internet while aviding falling victim t thse wh try t cntrl ur attentin, time, and minds.
77．What can we learn abut the attentin ecnmy frm paragraph 2?
A．It ffers little infrmatin.B．It features depressing stries.
C．It saves time fr Internet users.D．It seeks prfits frm each click.
78．Why des the authr mentin dieters in paragraph 3?
A．T discuss the quality f infrmatin
B．T prve the benefits f healthy fd.
C．T shw the imprtance f envirnments.
D．T explain the effectiveness f willpwer.
79．What shuld we d t handle Internet trlls accrding t the text?
A．Reveal their intentin.B．Turn a deaf ear t them.
C．Crrect their behaviur.D．Send hard facts t them.
80．What is the text mainly abut?
A．Reasns fr critical thinking in the attentin ecnmy.
B．Practising the skill f critical ignring in the digital age.
C．Maximizing the benefits f critical ignring n the Internet.
D．Strategies f abandning critical thinking fr Internet users
【答案】77．D 78．C 79．B 80．B
【导语】本文是一篇议论文体。文章主要讨论了在数字时代，由于信息过载和注意力经济，批判性思维不再是唯一重要的技能，而更为关键的是“批判性忽视”的技能。
77．细节理解题。根据第二段中“As the researchers pint ut, we live in an attentin ecnmy where cntent prducers n the Internet cmpete fr ur attentin. They attract us with a lt f emtinal and eye-catching stries while prviding little useful infrmatin, s they can expse us t prfit-generating advertisements. Therefre,we are n lnger custmers but prducts, and each link we click is a sale f ur time and attentin.(正如研究人员指出的那样，我们生活在一个注意力经济中，互联网上的内容生产者在争夺我们的注意力。他们用大量的情感和引人注目的故事来吸引我们，而提供的有用信息却很少，所以他们可以让我们接触到盈利的广告。因此，我们不再是客户而是产品，我们点击的每一个链接都是在销售我们的时间和注意力)”可知，注意力经济可以让我们接触到盈利性广告，并从每次点击中寻求利润。故选D项。
78．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Likewise, we need t set up a digital envirnment where attentin-grabbing items are kept ut f sight. As with dieting, if ne tries t bank nwillpwer nt t click eye-catching “news”, he’ll surely fail. S, it’s better t just keep them ut f sightt begin with.(同样，我们需要建立一个数字环境，让那些吸引眼球的东西远离我们的视线。就像节食一样，如果一个人试图依靠意志力不去点击引人注目的“新闻”，他肯定会失败。所以，最好一开始就把它们放在视线之外)”可推知，作者在第三段提到节食者，是为了强调我们需要建立一个让那些吸引眼球的东西远离我们的视线的数字环境，以此来表明环境的重要性。故选C项。
79．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Trlls are actrs wh internatinally spread false and hurtful infrmatin nline t cause harm. It may be appealing t respnd t them t set the facts straight, but trlls just care abut annying thers rather than facts. S, it’s best nt t reward their bad behaviur with ur attentin.(喷子是指故意在网上传播虚假和有害信息以造成伤害的行为者。回复他们澄清事实可能很有吸引力，但喷子只关心惹恼别人，而不是事实。所以，最好不要用我们的关注来奖励他们的坏行为)”可知，对付网络喷子，我们最好对他们充耳不闻。故选B项。
80．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“But in the digital age, accrding t Anastasia Kzyreva, a psychlgist at the Max Planck Institute f Human Develpment, and her clleagues, an even mre imprtant skill is critical ignring.(但根据马克斯·普朗克人类发展研究所的心理学家阿纳斯塔西娅·科兹列娃和她的同事们的说法，在数字时代，一项更重要的技能是“批判性忽视”)”和第三段中“Accrding t Kzyreva, critical ignring cmprises three strategies.(Kzyreva认为，“批判性忽视”包括三种策略)”以及后文对这三种策略的具体介绍可推知，所以本文主要讨论了在数字时代，需要练习“批判性忽视”技巧。故选B项。