高考英语复习 专题04 阅读理解记叙文之家庭，朋友与周围的人9篇+人与动植物5篇+著名人物8篇(模考好题22篇)

这是一份高考英语复习 专题04 阅读理解记叙文之家庭，朋友与周围的人9篇+人与动植物5篇+著名人物8篇(模考好题22篇)，文件包含专题04阅读理解记叙文之家庭朋友与周围的人9篇+人与动植物5篇+著名人物8篇模考好题22篇原卷版docx、专题04阅读理解记叙文之家庭朋友与周围的人9篇+人与动植物5篇+著名人物8篇模考好题22篇解析版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共61页， 欢迎下载使用。
一、在复习语言点的时候，要依据语言的横向组合和纵向聚合，按照“点—线—面”顺序，构建知识网络环境。
二、多做高考题，少扣模拟题
1、时间的把控。
2、总结一下各部分的得分情况，了解自己的强弱项。
3、留意出题点，揣摩不同内容出题人的着眼点在哪里，做到知己知彼。
三、多攻词汇表，少记课外词
四、写作。研究高考写作命题话题范围，根据测试的频度和交际场景的生活化程度进行分类。
专题04 阅读理解记叙文之家庭，朋友与周围的人9篇+人与动植物5篇+著名人物8篇(模考好题22篇)
一、概述
记叙文的命题形式常有细节理解、词义猜测、主旨大意、推理判断等题型。除了推理判断或词义猜测题，记叙文的命题顺序一般都会按照文章的脉络和故事发展的顺序层层推进。每年的高考题中，特别是记叙文的阅读题，主要是围绕记叙文六要素进行命题，以考查细节为主，但都会出现一至两道词义猜测题。
二、技巧点拨
1、对于细节信息题，要抓住整体篇章，看懂主题。利用内容间的因果关系，梳理时间空间顺序，对所考查细节进行剖析了解，确定主题，将零碎的细节组成一个有机的整体。
2、对于词句猜测题，要借助篇章中的词、短语或句子的理解来充分理解题意，遇到陌生词语尽量先避过，遵循先略读再通读的原则，进行仔细推敲。尤其要注重对语境的把握。
3、对于主旨大意题，要注意主题句和主题段，绝大多数的篇章采用总分总结构，要注意段与段之间的联系，注意隐藏的中心思想，研究文章结构，把握句与句之间的关系，注重逻辑关系，从整体把握文章的脉络。
模拟演练
01人与自我--家庭，朋友与周围的人
Passage 1
(2024·湖南怀化·一模)Due t the fact that the average life expectancy in Ghana is 64 years ld, and the mst cmmn causes f death are largely treatable cnditins, such as malaria, strke, and respiratry infectins. Bateng, grwing up in a small village in suthern Ghana/struggling t access basic health care, felt an urgent call t help and decided he wuld make it his life’s missin t bring health care t remte cmmunities in Ghana.
Bateng wrked hard in schl, getting a schlarship t study bilgy at Crnell University in the US, and ultimately earned his master’s in Healthcare Administratin. Later he started his nnprfit, OKB Hpe Fundatin, and cnverted a van int a mbile dctr’s ffice called the Hpe Health Van t bring health care directly t thse in need in 2021.
A few times a week, the mbile clinic and medical team travel lng distances t remte cmmunities in Ghana and prvide free rutine medical care. On each trip, Bateng’s team cnsists f a nurse, a physician’s assistant, a dctr, and an peratin assistant. In the van, they can run basic labs like bldwrk and urinalysis as well as prescribe and prvide medicatins. “It’s like a ne-stp shp fr peple,” said Bateng, adding that mst f the peple they see have ne health issue r anther.
Since its launch, Bateng says the Hpe Health Van has served mre than 4, 000 Ghanaians acrss mre than 45 rural cmmunities wh therwise dn’t have easily accessible medical care. T supplement the mbile clinic, Bateng’s rganizatin has als trained 20 vlunteers t serve as lcal health advcates. They check peple’s vitals and prvide the medical team with timely data fr assessing hw t mve frward with care and treatment, especially fr thse whse health is at risk.
In the future, Bateng hpes t expand t prvide mre cnsistent and high-quality medical care nt nly t thse living in remte areas f Ghana but in ther cuntries as well. “I believe that ur mdel can be replicated in sub-Saharan Africa,” he said.
1. What inspired Bateng t set his life gal?
A. He wanted t get a schlarship.
B. Many lcals died f deadly diseases.
C. The birthplace f him was small and pr.
D. Basic health care was inaccessible fr lcals.
2. What is paragraph 3 mainly abut?
A. Hw Bateng’s team functins.B. Why Bateng’s team was funded.
C. What Bateng’s team has achieved.D. Where Bateng’s team has travelled.
3. What is Bateng’s attitude t his team in the future?
A. Ambiguus.B. Ambitius.C. Indifferent.D. Dubtful.
4. What is the best title fr the text?
A. A van bringing medical care t thusands
B. A cuntry lacking basic health care
C. Effrts t prvide peple with medicatins
D. Mbile vans travelling thrugh Ghana
Passage 2
(2024福建高三上·开学考试)Back in 1958, I was crazy abut the Nrflk and Western 746. The smth bullet-nse engine with its range and yellw lines and shiny streamline d black tender(车厢) seemed t have cast a spell n me.
Tgether the engine and tender measured a little shy f 2 feet—enrmus by the ty train standards f the day. Even better, the 746 had a wrking headlight and smker, and its tender sang high.
Unfrtunately, the amazing 746 als had an amazing price—$50, equal t abut $450 tday. That was far mre than my grandfather culd affrd. Instead, I had t be cntent with his little Linel plastic, which was SIX INCHES shrter than the 746 and had n headlight, n smker r n sund! But that was the best that my grandfather culd give me at that time.
Years passed, and I was in my 30s. Superir sund systems and cmputer cntrls dminated ty trains. I never gave a lk. My interest in ty trains, I firmly believed, had faded, s did my admiratin fr the 746, since my grandfather was nt with me. The 746 was never called t mind. On an rdinary day, hwever, I happened t see the 746 utside the windw f a train shw. Just ne-lk, I culd nt lk away. Childhd memries that I tried t hide in the depths f my heart raced thrugh my mind, happy r sad.
That day I tk the 746 hme and placed it in the center f the rm, and let my childhd dream sing its way arund me. Smke rse ut frm the engine and the sft sng sunded frm its tender. It seemed as if I culd see the sft light in grandfather’s eyes and hear his cheerful laughter.
1. Which best describes the 746 in the authr’s eyes?
A. Its measurement was at a disadvantage.
B. Its price rcketed frm $50 t $450.
C. Its beauty had a special appeal.
D. It was the largest train in 1958.
2. Hw did the authr feel when receiving his little Linel plastic?
A. Visibly relieved.B. Slightly discntented.
C. Really delighted.D. Terribly ashamed.
3. What happened t the authr in his 30s?
A. He left his grandfather alne.
B. He didn’t favr the 746 at all.
C. He admired advanced ty trains.
D. He attempted nt t recall the past.
4. Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
A. The 746: A Perfect Gift frm My Grandfather
B. Ty Trains: Memries f A Generatin
C. The 746: Childhd Memries f Lve
D. Ty Trains: Childhd in Histry
Passage 3
(2024·河北沧州·一模)When Surabh Jain first became a father t his daughter, he struggled with bnding with her in the beginning. That’s when he realized that games and bks are interactive and prvide an pprtunity t spend hurs with her. Thus he began the hunt fr games and tys that nt nly helped him bnd with his daughter but als cntributed t her cgnitive(认知的) develpment.
During this search, he realized that nt nly are these tys and games hard t find, but they can als burn a hle in ne’s pcket. Anther realizatin was that there is always sme amunt f plastic in the tys and it is harmful t the envirnment and the little nes.
While he expected t give his daughter the wrld, he als wanted t leave behind a cleaner, greener, and mre sustainable wrld fr her. Tday, he wns The EleFant—a ty rental cmpany, r in Surabh’s wrds, “a labr f lve”.
Currently, the cmpany has a custmer base f mre than 250 subscribers with ver 2,000 dwnlads f the applicatin per day. They als have cllabratins with 70 ty cmpanies where they surce their tys.
Amng these 250 subscribers is Rahul Bhauwala wh rents tys fr his 6-year-ld sn. “I am a wrking prfessinal and I hardly get any time t g ut and spend hurs lking fr and buying tys. I culd use that precius time t play with my child instead. This is why I lve using The EleFant app. They have a wide range f tys which are categrized by age grup. The prducts are very well-packaged and my sn lved pening them as it lked like a present t him,” he says.
As fr the future, Surabh says, “Our intentin was nt t make it an expensive and exclusive service(专属服务). Instead, we aimed t prvide an pprtunity fr everyne t give their children everything in a sustainable manner. The value is kept in this way, emphasizing inclusivity and accessibility fr all.”
1. What did Surabh find when searching fr tys fr his daughter?
A. Pckets ften get damaged by tys.B. Ec-friendly tys are hard t find.
C. Tys culd bnd him with his daughter.D. Tys d gd t cgnitive develpment.
2. What aspect f The EleFant attracted Rahul Bhauwala mst?
A. Its cnvenience.B. Its delivery service.
C. Its ppularity.D. Its cheap rental price.
3. What will Surabh fcus n?
A. Prducing mre tys.B. Expanding his cmpany.
C. Making his service mre accessible.D. Dnating tys t pr families.
4. Which wrds best describe Surabh?
A. Successful and humrus.B. Generus and mdest.
C. Talented and creative.D. Respnsible and business-minded.
Passage 4
(2024·山东·模拟预测)My grandmther knitted Christmas stckings fr each f her five children in the 1960s. Then, she made them fr us, her grandchildren, t. When ur grandmther died unexpectedly in 2017, it felt like the end f a traditin f handmade persnalized Christmas stckings and my cusins’ chances f jining us with stckings n the fireplace were gne.
Grandma was an amazing wman, but she was hard t feel really clse t when I was a child. She smiled sftly when the grandkids came nisily thrugh the dr t disturb her shy, quiet peace. And instead f cvering us with kisses like ther grandmthers, she always had smething ready fr us. It tk me a while t understand that the things she made meant the same as “I lve yu” r “I missed yu”. It wasn’t that she was cld — nt at all. Smetimes peple as brilliant as Grandma have a hard time relating t thers.
While we grew up, she was ur persnal Ggle. When I was in cllege, she asked if I studied the Rmantic pets r hw familiar I was with Aristtle. I tried my best t keep up, but there was a lt I never knew abut my grandmther until she passed away. I knew and lved that every rm and hallway in her huse had a bkcase, and these were filled with bks n every subject in several languages.
This year, I began t learn t make the Christmas stcking. At first, I cnsidered it as a nice way t keep apart f Christmas I always lved as a child, but nw I feel clser t my grandma than ever. And althugh my stckings will be the gifts fr my cusins this year, nw I understand the lve and thughts f Grandma that ges int the seemingly never-ending rws f knitting.
1. What des the authr think the stckings made by Grandma were?
A. Ordinary Christmas presents.B. Persnalized warm clthing.
C. The bnds between family members.D. A reminder f hard times.
2. Hw did Grandma express her lve fr her grandchildren?
A. By buying them gifts.B. By giving them kisses.
C. By ffering bks t them.D. By making things fr them.
3. Which f the fllwing wrds can best describe Grandma?
A. Determined.B. Difficult.
C. Respnsible.D. Knwledgeable.
4. What was the authr’s initial purpse in making the Christmas stcking?
A. T keep an ld part f Christmas.B. T save mney n Christmas presents.
C. T hnr the memry f Grandma better.D. T pass Grandma’s knitting skills
Passage 5
(2024·湖南·二模)I was sitting in between my parents n a 15-hur flight frm Trnt t Seul, where I was ging t negtiate a bk prject. My Airbnb had enugh rm fr us all. S when my parents brught it up as a half-jke that they wuld cme, t, I didn’t think it was unreasnable.
I was merely 8 when we embarked n ur immigratin jurney. Krea was their cuntry. They wuldn’t need me there as they did in Canada. But the first week prved t be rugh. We were upside dwn with the time change. My father annunced that the first thing they wanted t d was visit my grandma’s grave(坟墓). We had discussed visiting a few relatives, but ging t grandma’s grave had never cme up. It was starting: family bligatins seized my wrk time. “Yu guys g,” I said. While my father shwered, my mther tk me aside. “Yur dad has always been cunting the days fr the mment when he can shw her hw well yu grew up.” I laughed but I was deeply mved. S I decided t accmpany them.
As we apprached the graveyard, I gathered sme clred wildflwers frm the parking lt and tied them with a lng piece f grass. My parents gt busy weeding arund the headstne. ”Yur name is n the back, my father said. “See here?” I lked, and there was my Krean name carved beside thse f my siblings and cusins. It felt dd t see ur names n the headstne all f us, the living and dead, cnnected. I saw a link in a chain that stretches generatins back.
I didn’t knw hw t tell them that the trip was amazing. I realized hw I was intertwined with them, and they were interwven int me. We dn’t belng t languages r cuntries. My grandma died nly fur mnths befre we mved t Canada, when she was t frail(虚弱的) t make the trip. I hpe she knws that we did take her, and that maybe all we have is each ther.
1. What was the main reasn fr the authr’s trip t Seul?
A. T visit grandma’s graveyard.B. T have a family reunin.
C. T wrk n a prject.D. T accmpany his parents.
2. Why did the authr initially decline t visit his grandma’s grave?
A. He was exhausted frm the flight.B. He had wrk cmmitments.
C. He liked visiting ther relatives better.D. He preferred explring alne.
3. Why did the authr’s father want t take him t grandma’s grave?
A. T intrduce the authr t relatives.B. T fulfil a lng-awaited wish.
C. T bserve a family ceremny.D. T help with weeding.
4. What did the authr realize during the trip?
A. Never frget ur hme cuntry.B. Family is a bridge t ur future.
C. The wrld is ne big family.D. Hme is the bnd with peple.
Passage 6
(2024·浙江高三下·阶段练习)It is Octber again. It has been a year since my mther was diagnsed with lung cancer; a year since she started her gd, brave fight. It has been a year marked with s many milestnes, s many shared smiles and secret fears.
Usually, children, with eyes that see all and minds that are still free t wnder, are extrardinarily accepting the changes in rutine, the shift in seasns. This week, hwever, when I tk my tw yunger bys with me fr a visit t Mm’s withut telling her in advance, Sean ran int her bedrm t greet her, then quickly returned t the living rm t talk t me. “Mm,” my fur-year-ld whispered, careful nt t be verheard r ffending, “Grandma has n hair.”
Mm came thrugh her surgery that remved the tumr(肿瘤) in her lung with faith and grace. She als came thrugh thin and tired. And the side effect was ttal hair lss. It shuld grw back eventually, but my mther decided t have a wig(假发) t cver her head. She wears it mstly fr the cmfrt f thers. When she is alne, she usually leaves her head uncvered, finding the wig uncmfrtable when unnecessary.
“Grandma has n hair,” Sean said, because we had caught her by surprise.
“I knw, Sean. Isn’t it funny?” I asked him as my mm jined us in the living rm. We explained t him that Grandma had t take medicine that made her hair g away, but it wuld cme back.
“Wuld yu like t tuch my head, Sean?” my mther asked as my sn stared at her, his blue eyes filled with questins and curisity. It is surprising t see yur mther—r anyne yu lve—withut hair, but surprisingly it’s smething that yu can get used t quickly. We are, after all, nt really these bdies—these are just the shells that transprt wh we are, and n matter what the physical changes, thse cnnected by lve seem t be able t recgnize their wn.
1. What has happened t Grandma ver the year?
A. She has refused thers’ visits.B. She has pulled thrugh the cancer.
C. She has lst her fight with the tumr.D. She has recvered withut side effects.
2. Why was Sean surprised when visiting Grandma?
A. Because he fund Grandma tired and thin.
B. Because just verheard Grandma’s cancer.
C. Because he culdn’t accept Grandma’s appearance.
D. Because he had never seen Grandma hairless befre.
3. Which f the fllwing can best describe Grandma?
A. Lving and ptimistic.B. Lyal and hnest.
C. Humble and cmmitted.D. Generus and humrus.
4. What message des the authr cnvey in the text?
A. Every clud has a silver lining.B. Never judge a bk by its cver.
C. Lve ges beynd physical changes.D. What desn’t kill us makes us strnger.
Passage 7
(2024江苏镇江高三下·阶段练习)In this age f Internet chat, videgames and reality televisin, there is n shrtage f mindless activities t keep a child ccupied. Yet, despite the cmpetitin, my 8-year-ld daughter Rebecca wants t spend her leisure time writing shrt stries. She wants t enter ne f her stries int a writing cntest; a cmpetitin she wn last year.
As a writer I knw abut winning cntests, and abut lsing them. I knw what it is like t wrk hard n a stry nly t receive a rejectin slip frm the publisher. I als knw the pressures f trying t live up t a reputatin created by previus victries. What if she desn’t win the cn test again? That’s the strange thing abut being a parent. S many f ur wn past scars and dashed hpes can surface.
An enlightenment came last week when I asked her, “Dn’t yu want t win again?” “N,” she replied, “I just want t tell the stry f an angel ging t first grade.”
I had just spent weeks crrecting her stries as she spntaneusly tld them. Telling myself that I was merely an experienced writer guiding the yung writer acrss the hall, I ffered suggestins fr characters, cnflicts and endings fr her tales. The stry abut a fearful angel starting first grade was quickly “guided” by me int the tale f a little girl with a wild imaginatin taking her first music lessn. I had turned her cntest int mine withut even realizing it.
Staying back and giving kids space t grw is nt as easy as it lks. Because I knw very little abut farm animals wh use tls r angels wh g t first grade, I had t accept the fact that I was c-pting (借用) my daughter’s experience.
While stepping back was difficult fr me, it was certainly a gd first step that I will quickly fllw with mre steps, putting myself far enugh away t give her rm but clse enugh t help if asked. All the while I will be reminding myself that children need rm t experiment, grw and find their wn vices.
1. What d we learn frm the first paragraph?
A. Children d find lts f fun in many mindless activities.
B. Rebecca draws n a lt f nline materials fr her writing.
C. Rebecca is much t ccupied t enjy her leisure time.
D. A lt f distractins cmpete fr children’s time nwadays.
2. What des the authr say abut her wn writing experience?
A. She des nt quite live up t her reputatin as a writer.
B. Her way t success is full f pains and frustratins.
C. She is cnstantly under pressure f writing mre.
D. Mst f her stries are rejected by publishers.
3. Why des Rebecca want t enter this year’s writing cntest?
A. She wants t share her stry with readers.
B. She believes she pssesses real talent fr writing.
C. She is sure f winning with her mther’s help.
D. She has wn a prize in the previus cntest.
4. What’s the authr’s advice fr parents?
A. A writing career is nt fr every child t pursue.
B. Children shuld be allwed rm t grw thrugh experiences.
C. Parents shuld keep an eye n the activities their kids engage in.
D. Children shuld be given every chance t vice their ptins.
Passage 8
(2024福建高三下·开学考试)When I was in my secnd year in senir high schl, I fund a fur-dllar-an-hur part-time jb at Villa-nva Pizza. Like many f my friends, I lnged t earn sme pcket mney frm the jb as well as gaining scial experience. Just ne week after I wrked there, Stubby, the manager, called me int his ffice. As the saying ges, “life isn’t a bed f rses”. My first jb ended in failure, His reasn was that I shwed up late twice and tk mre breaks than thers. “Oh, I’m a lser,” I thught t myself. I believed that thught was shared by my brthers, neither f whm had ever been fired, and my mther, thugh she wuld never express it in thse terms.
“I am t sad t d anything,” I cmplained t my father. After listening t my wrds, he laughed. “It’s nt funny; I’m a lser,” I said.
“N, yu’re nt. This is a part f grwing up. Yu will be all right, my dear daughter,” he said, patting my shulder. “Trust me. Yu are gd enugh.”
I lked int my father’s eyes and I culd see he really trusted me. And I believed him. Since then, “Trust me. Yu are gd enugh” are the nly wrds I have repeated t myself. I have wrked hard t be a better persn and cherished every chance I have gt.
Finally, I succeeded in entering a gd university. After graduatin I fund my dream jb. I culdn’t wait t call my father and shw my gratitude.
Lk ahead when yu experience smething unpleasant and there is always smene arund believing in yu. When they believe in us, we begin t believe in urselves, t. They tell us we are gd enugh ver and ver until we can hear it.
1. Why was the authr fired?
A. She was usually late fr wrk,
B. She had n scial experience,
C. She had t many breaks.
D. She failed t cmplete her task.
2. What did the authr’s father d after knwing her failure?
A. He laughed at her.
B. He cmplained t the cruel bss.
C. He was t sad t d anything.
D. He cmfrted her and said he believed in her.
3. What did the authr d as sn as she fund her dream jb?
A. She phned her father and thanked him.
B. She returned hme t have a celebratin.
C. She shwed her gratitude t her teacher.
D. She invited her family t a big party.
4. Which f the fllwing can best describe the authr’s father?
A. Strict and devted.
B. Caring and kind.
C. Ambitius and brave.
D. Humble and humrus.
Passage 9
(2024·广东·模拟预测)When I was a child, my grandmther ften said peple and cmmunicatin mattered. She backed that up with her wn behavir. When she walked dwn the street, she wuld speak t everyne. It didn’t matter if yu were an elderly persn r a child, r if yu spke English r Spanish. She just smiled and talked t everyne.
Hwever, as she aged, she nticed that her apprach was becming rare.She talked abut hw, in the age f technlgy, mst peple dn’t think they have time fr lnger cmmunicatins than text messages. In fact, peple barely speak t ne anther nwadays. As much as I hated t admit it, I had nticed it t.
My grandmther’s wisdm inspired me t have a pen pal. It all started in 2013. I went t the University f Suthern Califrnia t meet with Kerstin Zilm, wh wanted t interview me abut being a student struggling financially(经济上地). I didn’t knw much abut German culture r the German audience wh wuld listen t the shw, but I agreed t d s because I remembered my grandmther’s wisdm. I felt that speaking abut my stry was better than keeping it t myself. Yu never knew wh culd learn frm yur life experiences.
Sn after knwing my stry frm the shw, a wman named Renate reached ut t me, asking hw she culd help me financially with cllege. I was grateful that Renate wanted t help, but my pride didn’t allw me t accept mney. Thinking f my grandmther’s wisdm, I didn’t let the cmmunicatin stp. I emailed Renate back, thanking her fr her kindness sincerely.
Frm then n, Renate and I ften emailed each ther. She even sent me gifts and cakes n my birthday. And whenever I was in truble, she was always there. She sent me virtual(虚拟的) hugs at the mments when I needed them mst. Thugh I have never met her in persn, she is ne f the mst imprtant peple in my life. And I prmise I will turn all the virtual hugs int real nes ne day.
1. What can we knw abut the authr’s grandmther?
A. She had made lts f freign friends.
B. She valued gd family relatinships.
C. She enjyed hanging abut in the streets.
D. She cnsidered cnnecting with thers imprtant.
2. What did the authr ntice abut the peple tday?
A. They prefer t be alne.
B. They dream f having a pen pal.
C. They have limited cmmunicatin with thers.
D. They dislike sending each ther lng text messages.
3. Why did the authr decide t d the interview?
A. She thught sharing her stry might be helpful.
B. She wanted t spread her grandmther’s wisdm.
C. She hped it wuld help her make sme friends.
D. She expected t gain sme wrk experience.
4. What happened t the authr after the shw was bradcast?
A. She was able t affrd cllege.
B. She started t practice German with Renate.
C. She accepted financial help frm Renate.
D. She develped a deep friendship with a stranger.
02 人与自然--人与动植物
Passage 1
(2024·浙江·二模)The sun near the equatr is never-ceasing, bearing dwn as I lead Elaine, a dark brwn hrse, thrugh thick bushes. It’s been a lng day n hrseback. My legs ache and ur camp signals acrss a ridge f ancient flding hills in the Llldaiga Range f nrthern Kenya, a msaic(马赛克) f twisted landscapes and cmmunities.
Suddenly Elaine’s ears flick int alert, and the muscles f her bdy tense beneath me. Our guide Nichlus stretches ut a lean arm tward a bush just meters away. My eyes fcus, trying my best t see what the thers already have: tw amber balls glwing frm a shadwed frm. It’s a yung lin, quick and strng, in the middle f the high grass.
A wild silence hangs between us.
Withut the defensive hunting vehicle, I feel cmpletely expsed. Peering int the bush, I’m suspended between wnder and terrr, the distance between myself and the Savannah’s mst ntrius hunter unbelievably small. Usually, I’m the ne tracking the lin, camera in hand. Nw, the lin shifts in my cnsciusness frm bject t subject. I shift, t, strngly aware f the sft flesh f my wn bdy.
Nichlus nds his head in the ther directin, a safer distance away. He pints t shallw hles in the dust. “Lk, this is a big lin, and these are yung nes, sme cubs,” he says. “Prbably a mther.” Pawprints marked the earth, each telling the stry f mre lins, mving in different directins.
It was time t g.
Hrseback safaris are still the mst immersive way t view wildlife in Kenya. T jurney n hrseback is t break dwn the walls—meant t prtect, but als t separate us frm the natural wrld. And as we’re absrbed in the thrill f the experience, we’re vividly reminded f the imprtance f prtecting these wild spaces.
Out here yur hrse is yur translatr, respnding t the lw hiss f a lepard, the sft scent f an elephant herd, the cl mrning breeze descending frm Munt Kenya’s glacial peaks. Yur jb is t learn hw t listen.
1. Which wrds can NOT describe my hrseback jurney?
A. Thrilling.B. Tiring.C. Breathtaking.D. Bring.
2. What can we learn frm paragraph 3 and 4?
A. I regretted nt having driven a vehicle.
B. I felt extremely tense in case f lins’ attack.
C. There will be a big battle between lins and us.
D. It was ut f my expectatin t break int a lin’s wrld.
3. Why d peple still lve engaging hrseback travelling in Kenya tday?
A. Hrses are much cheaper than vehicles.
B. Visitrs will experience the wildlife anytime.
C. It is a safe and exciting way t enjy the wildlife.
D. It ffers a chance t recnsider the cnnectin between humans and wildlife.
4. What des the authr suggest in the last paragraph?
A. Find mre animals t feed.B. Ask yur hrse fr translatin.
C. Feel nature with yur heart.D. Listen t the sund f every animal.
Passage 2
(2024·湖南·二模)The Califrnia sea tter(海獭), nce hunted t the edge f extinctin, has staged a thrilling cmeback in the last century. Nw, scientists have discvered that the tters’ success stry has led t smething just as remarkable: the restratin f their declining castal marsh(沼泽) habitat.
Elkhrn Slugh, a castal marsh within Mnterey Bay, had been experiencing severe damage. The rt cause was a grwing ppulatin f shre crabs, which fed heavily n the marsh plants, weakening the structural integrity f the habitat. Castal marshes like these are nt nly natural defenses against strm waves but als serve as imprtant carbn strage areas and water-cleaning systems.
The cnservatin-driven cmeback f the sea tter has been crucial. Califrnia’s castlines were nce alive with sea tters. Sadly, they were nearly wiped ut at the hands f fur traders. In the 1980s, cnservatin effrts aided these tters in re-ccupying large areas f their frmer range. Nw, Elkhrn Slugh has the highest cncentratin f sea tters in Califrnia, with a ppulatin f abut 100. By naturally feasting n crabs, the tters have helped a significant regrwth f plant life. Brent Hughes, a scientist wrking alngside Angelini, led a three-year study. Their findings were clear: in areas with sea tters, crab numbers fell markedly. This led t a resurgence in plant grwth, which in turn stabilized the sil and lwered the rate f sil washing away.
As the sea tter ppulatin cntinues t restre, their psitive impact n castal ecsystems is likely t increase. It nt nly shwcases the sea tter as a central species—a species that has a significant effect n its natural envirnment—but als highlights the essential nature f tp predatrs (捕食者) in preserving eclgical harmny. “My hnest reactin was—this culd becme a classic in the literature,” says scientist Lekelia Jenkins. She reveals marsh restratin als helps peple by reducing flding. “Suddenly, sea tters g frm just cute things we like t smething that can prtect ur livelihds and ur prperties.”
1. What change did the disappearance f sea tters bring abut?
A. Fewer predatry crabs.B. Mre castal plant life.
C. Better water-cleaning effect.D. Wrse castal eclgical balance.
2. What des the underlined wrd “resurgence” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Barrier.B. Advancement.C. Expansin.D. Revival.
3. What is the authr’s purpse in quting Lekelia Jenkins?
A. T highlight the imprtance f castal marshes.
B. T intrduce a new research study n sea tters.
C. T demnstrate the practical benefits f sea tters.
D. T emphasize the need fr increased cnservatin effrts.
4. What message is cnveyed frm sea tters’ impact?
A. The necessity fr cntrlled hunting.
B. The intercnnectedness f the ecsystem.
C. The drawbacks f wildlife reintrductin.
D. The need fr human interventin in nature.
Passage 3
(2024·浙江金华·二模)Smetimes we nly appreciate smething when we realize we may lse it. That is the stry f the Everglades. A shallw slw-mving river, the Everglades nce cvered abut 18,000 square miles f suthern Flrida. Until the 1900s, few peple lived in the grassy wetlands. Nt much was understd abut the unique balance f nature that existed there. Plants, creatures, and water had frmed a remarkable ecsystem.
By the early 1900s, Flrida’s pleasant winters attracted mre peple. Visitrs became new permanent residents. They built hmes and rads. The cnditins lked gd fr farming, s the newcmers planted large agricultural crps. But Suth Flrida’s cycle f flding was a prblem. T address that, develpers attempted t drain(排水) the land. They als built structures t cntrl water levels and flw.
Thse changes made it easier fr mre peple t live year-rund in Suth Flrida. Hwever, they als disturbed life in the Everglades, which depends n freshwater regularly refilling the land. The area’s grwing human ppulatin needed freshwater. And large farms cnsumed large quantities f freshwater. By the mid-1900s, water levels in suthern Flrida began t g dwn. Lack f freshwater wasn’t the nly prblem. As mre and mre land was develped fr peple and farms, the Everglades’ histric bundaries cntracted. Lss f habitat and hunting threatened the survival f native species in the Everglades.
Sme peple hped that the gvernment’s recgnitin might save the Everglades. They fught fr it. Everglades Natinal Park was established in 1947. It became the first park in the United States created fr its bidiversity.
Nw, Everglades Natinal Park prtects 1.5 millin acres alng the suthern tip f Flrida. An amazing variety f creatures live there. Abut 360 different species f birds have been sighted in the park. Nearly 300 different species f fish have been identified. Abut 40 species f mammals and 50 species f reptiles inhabit the park. Nature still rules in the Everglades, a place wrth understanding, appreciating, and prtecting.
1. What was the Everglades like befre the 1900s?
A. Naturally wild.B. Partly explred.
C. Cmpletely lifeless.D. Thickly ppulated.
2. What prblem did new residents cause fr the Everglades?
A. A cycle f flding.
B. Pllutin f freshwater.
C. Pssible extinctin f native species.
D. The extensin f histric bundaries.
3. Why are the figures mentined in the last paragraph?
A. T attract visitrs t the park.
B. T stress the great pwer f nature.
C. T call fr mre effrts t prtect nature.
D. T shw the successful cnservatin f the park.
4. What is the text mainly abut?
A. Hw peple adapted t life in the Everglades.
B. Hw Everglades Natinal Park was established.
C. Hw humans harmed and saved the Everglades.
D. Hw the ecsystem f the Everglades was frmed.
Passage 4
(2024·安徽池州·二模)In 1999, Giuliana Furci, funder and funding directr f the Fungi(真菌) Fundatin, develped a deep interest in fungi. They were everywhere, and the 20-year-ld tk particular jy in the variety f mushrms: small and buttn-shaped; tall and umbrella-like; rund with red caps tpped with white flakes. Sme were cmmnly fund in peple’s diets, fr they were rich in nutrients such as vitamin, fiber, minerals and prtein.
But Furci als quickly realized that these fungi went largely ignred in Chile, where there were few guidebks and an almst ttal lack f plicies and resurces t prtect them frm ver-harvesting and ther human activities. Determined t crrect this, Furci wrte a field guide and set up the Fungi Fundatin—a nnprfit dedicated t fungi cnservatin. In her guide, special attentin went t the rle f fungi in the ecsystem.
“Life n the planet wuldn’t exist withut fungi,” said Greg Mueller, a mushrm cnservatin expert. “Because f their relatinship with frests and trees, we can’t survive withut fungi. In terms f the health f the planet, they’re incredibly imprtant t humans and the verall ecsystem.” Fungi can break dwn plants and animals, thus cycling nutrients and increasing their availability in the sil. They are als imprtant cntributrs t the sil carbn stck thrugh the same prcess. What’s mre, fungi have been fund t help degrade (降解) varius pllutants, such as plastic. And mycelium(菌丝体), which is the rt structure f mushrms, is nw being used t replace unsustainable materials, such as plastic and animal-based prducts.
Because f these, explratin f fungi was expanded at a faster pace. Hwever, sme were already listed as critically endangered. In 2010, Furci tk an even bigger step—with ther envirnmental nnprfits, she put frward a prpsal fr the gvernment t systematically assess hw large new develpments such as husing, dams, and highways affect fungi. In 2012, a law was passed and Chile became the first cuntry in the wrld t prtect fungi by law.
1. What can we learn abut Furci frm the first tw paragraphs?
A. She enjyed cllecting mushrms.
B. She was fnd f cking mushrms.
C. She wrried abut the situatin f fungi.
D. She had a habit f writing field guidebks.
2. What is Paragraph 3 f the text mainly abut?
A. The life n earth withut fungi.
B. The imprtance f fungi n earth.
C. The relatins between trees and fungi.
D. The practical uses f fungi in the future.
3. Hw did Furci prtect the ecsystem?
A. By writing free instructins n plants.
B. By starting a nn-prfit ecturism cmpany.
C. By raising awareness f the imprtance f fungi.
D. By passing laws t ban ver-harvesting mushrms.
4. Which f the fllwing best describes Furci’s wrk?
A. Grund-breaking.B. Debatable.
C. Rmantic.D. Unmatched.
Passage 5
(2024·湖北·二模)I have discvered that I have a secnd shadw these days as I g utside. This ne, hwever, has fur legs instead f tw. It is my daughter’s adpted, black cat: Miss Alice. Every time I g ut the dr she is waiting n my frnt prch, mewing t be petted. Then she fllws me dwn the hill t my car smetimes running in frnt s she can get in my way fr even mre petting. And when I finally return hme she is there asking fr attentin again.
It wasn’t always this way. The very first time I saw Miss Alice she was hiding under my huse just having had a family f kittens. When I lked under there I gt an angry hiss(嘘声) frm her, warning me I was in fr a clawing if I gt near her kittens. It tk a lt f time, patience, kindness, lve, and cat fd frm my daughter t tame her. At first she didn’t want t be tuched at all. Then she wuld nly allw an ccasinal petting. Nw my daughter can pick her up and carry her up the rad t her huse like a little baby. It still makes me smile t see hw my daughter’s lving, caring and sympathetic spirit tamed this wild cat and made her as lvable as the mst affectinate dg.
I guess that is the pwer f lve. It can heal a hurting heart. It can save a brken spirit. It can uplift a sunken sul. It can free yu frm fear. It can transfrm yur life. It can even take a vilent, wild cat and turn her int a puppy dg in a cat suit.
Embrace(拥抱) the lve in yur wn life then. Welcme the lve f yur family and friends int yur life. And let yur wn lve flw thrugh everything yu think, everything yu say, and everything yu d.
1. What d we knw abut the cat frm the first paragraph?
A. It enjys staying with the authr.B. It tends t be in the authr’s rad.
C. It is ften ignred by the daughter.D. It gets well alng with the daughter.
2. What des the underlined wrd “tame” prbably mean in Paragraph 2?
A. Feed her up.B. Make her mild.C. Arrange fr her.D. Dress her up.
3. What makes the authr still smile?
A. The lvely dg.B. The daughter’s lve.C. The cat’s babies.D. The harmnius family.
4. What message des the text cnvey?
A. Where there is life, there is hpe.
B. A friend in need is a friend indeed.
C. Lve is life in its fullness like the cup with its wine.
D. D what yu fear, and fear that nature will fade away.
03 人与社会-著名人物
Passage 1
(2024·浙江台州高三上·阶段练习)A brilliant theretical physicist, J. Rbert Oppenheimer was tapped t head up a labratry in Ls Alams, New Mexic, as part f U.S. effrts t develp nuclear weapns. He succeeded — but wuld g n t advcate against develping even mre pwerful bmbs.
Brn in New Yrk City in 1904, Oppenheimer studied theretical physics at bth Cambridge University and the University f Göttingen in Germany, where he gained his dctrate at age 23. Sn the yung physicist “Oppie” rubbed shulders with the greatest scientific figures f his age, and his academic wrk advanced quantum thery and predicted everything frm the neutrn t the black hle.
After the United States jined the Allies in 1941, Oppenheimer was asked t participate in the tp-secret Manhattan Prject, whse aim was t develp an atmic weapn.
On July 16, 1945, Oppenheimer and thers gathered at the Trinity test site suth f Ls Alams fr the wrld’s first attempted nuclear blast. Cnducted in secret, the test wrked. On August 6 and August 9, 1945, the U.S. drpped tw f the bmbs Oppenheimer had helped develp ver Hirshima and Nagasaki. On the night f the Hirshima bmbing, Oppenheimer was cheered by a crwd f fellw scientists at Ls Alams, and declared that his nly regret was that the bmb hadn’t been finished in time t use against Germany.
Twenty years after the attacks n bth cities in Japan, Oppenheimer appeared in a 1965 NBC News dcumentary called The Decisin t Drp the Bmb. “We knew the wrld wuld nt be the same,” he said nscreen. “A few peple laughed; a few peple cried. Mst peple were silent. I remembered the line frm the Hindu scripture (印度梵经), ‘Nw I am becme Death, the destryer f wrlds.’ I suppse we all thught that, ne way r anther.”
Hwever, Oppenheimer ppsed America’s attempts t develp a mre pwerful hydrgen bmb. Did he really live t regret helping develp the atmic bmb? N ne knws. He desn’t cme int easy categries f pr-nuclear, anti-nuclear r anything like that. He’s a cmplicated figure.
1. What des the underlined phrase “rubbed shulders with” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A. Thught highly f.B. Spent time with.
C. Taken the place f.D. Made truble with.
2. What d we knw abut Oppenheimer accrding t the passage?
A. He gt his dctr’s degree in the year 1930.
B. The atmic bmb he develped first struck Nagasaki.
C. He felt guilty when the bmb caused numerus deaths.
D. He was firmly against develping the hydrgen bmb.
3. What’s the writing pattern f the passage?
A. News.B. Fictin.
C. Bigraphy.D. Jurnal.
4. What is the best title fr the passage?
A. The Cntrversial Man behind the Atmic Bmb
B. The Mst Brilliant Physicist in the 20th Century
C. Hw Oppenheimer Rewrte the Histry f WWII
D. Hw Oppenheimer Develped the Atmic Bmb
Passage 2
(2024·湖南长沙·阶段练习)Dr. Tatiana Erukhimva is a physics prfessr at Texas A&M wh aims t shw her students, especially the yung wmen, that there are n limits.
Only 25% f physics undergraduate students are female. Perhaps it is because bys grw up playing with machines and making drawings f fast cars and rcket explsins. But girls are just as curius abut the way the wrld wrks — they just haven’t jumped int the culture f chemical reactins, energy and magnetic frce with as much enthusiasm. That is, until they see ne f Tatiana’s vides shwing the science behind real life’s magic. Tatiana is really ne f the few living female examples they culd fllw.
Her vides get millins f views. She is a ball f energy with a shrt haircut, a Russian accent and a lively persnality that makes physics accessible t the yunger audience. Yung girls are attracted t Tatiana’s attractive demnstratins the way they flck t pp cncerts. This is real. This is science they can participate in. This is an pen dr t endless pssibilities.
“These shrt clips are the spark that inspires,” Tatiana says with s much excitement that it lights up the rm. Everything she des invlves students. She believes the magic in learning is when yur peers are part f the demnstratin, when yu are part f the teaching prcess.
“She wants everything t be a celebratin f science,” says ne f Tatiana’s frmer students. And indeed, the classrm is in a party atmsphere, with students cheering when amazed by Newtn’s law f mtin, demnstrated by a spinning bicycle wheel held upright by the prfessr. It’s hard t tell wh is mre delighted, Tatiana r her students. She is an attractin fr female students wh are graduating cllege and wrking in the sciences in higher numbers than ever befre.
Dr. Tatiana’s stry began in Russia and her parents were bth physicists. After the breakup f the Sviet Unin, Tatiana mved t Texas with her husband, als a physicist. They bth teach at Texas A&M, and when Tatiana isn’t in the classrm, she is ding utreach with schlchildren, amazing them with spinning lights that sn frm wrds, liquid xygen that shrinks bjects and chemical reactins that expand matter t 10 times its size. But mst imprtantly, she is expanding the audience f female physicists.
1. Accrding t the passage, why d girls smetimes hesitate t jump int the culture f physics?
A. Lack f interest in chemical reactins.
B. Cultural differences in curisity.
C. Absence f female rle mdels.
D. Fear f liquid xygen demnstratins.
2. Which f the fllwing is TRUE abut the vides mentined in the passage?
A. They were made by a female physician.
B. They feature engaging demnstratins.
C. They are meant fr Tatiana’s hmeland.
D. They have received millins f likes nline.
3. What is the primary fcus f Dr. Tatiana’s utreach activities with schlchildren?
A. Appealing t students with fascinating demnstratins.
B. Teaching students sme difficult physics cncepts.
C. Explaining the histry f Newtn’s law f mtin.
D. Encuraging girls t attend parties and pp cncerts.
4. What is the best title fr the passage?
A. Female Prfessr Rejecting Gender Barrier
B. Russian Physicist and Female Scientists
C. Physics Prfessr Stimulating Girls’ Passin
D. The Significance f Online Shrt Vides
Passage 3
(2024·广东东莞高三上·期末)Benjamin Spck was a famus dctr fr children. He cmpleted his medical degree at Clumbia University in New Yrk City and began t treat babies and children in 1933. During the next ten years he cntinued t fit the theries abut hw children develp with what mthers tld him abut their children. What he fund gave birth t his first bk The Cmmn Sense Bk f Baby and Child Care.
Befre Dr. Spck’s bk appeared, the mst ppular guide t raising children was Psychlgical Care f Infant and Child, whse writer was Jhn B. Watsn. He urged extreme firmness in dealing with children. The bk warned parents never t kiss, hug r physically cmfrt their children.
Dr. Spck’s bk was very different. He gave gentle advice t ease the fears f new parents. Dr. Spck said his wrk was an effrt t help parents trust their wn natural abilities in caring fr their children. He emphasized that parents’ “natural lving care” fr their children is mst imprtant.
Dr. Spck based much f his advice n the research and findings f the famus Austrian psychanalyst(精神分析学家), Sigmund Freud. “I was interested in hw children grw emtinally. And I think Freud has given us a very gd explanatin f develpment. ”
Dr. Spck’s bk discusses the mental and emtinal develpment f children. It urges parents t use that infrmatin t decide hw t deal with their babies when they are crying, hungry r tired. Fr example, Dr. Spck dismissed the ppular idea f exactly timed feedings fr babies. Baby care experts had believed that babies must be fed at the same times every day r they wuld grw up t be demanding children.
Dr. Spck said babies shuld be fed when they are hungry. He argued that babies knw better than anyne abut when and hw much they need t eat. He did nt believe that feeding babies when they cry in hunger wuld make them mre demanding.
750, 000 cpies f the bk were sld during the year after its release.
1. What may cntribute t Spck’s first bk?
A. His fame.
B. His mther
C. His discvery.
D. His educatin.
2. In what way des Spck’s bk differ frm thers?
A. Cvering prfessinal theries.
B. Offering expert suggestins.
C. Including cmprehensive cntents.
D. Building up parents’ cnfidence.
3. Which f the fllwing statements wuld Dr. Spck agree with?
A. Parents shuld hug babies regularly.
B. Parents shuld warn babies f danger.
C. Parents shuld fllw Watsn’s pinins.
D. Parents shuld feed babies when necessary.
4. What des the passage mainly talk abut?
A. An intrductin t Spck and his bk.
B. Stries abut Spck as a famus dctr.
C. Differences between tw baby care bks.
D. Influences f Spck’s bk n ther experts.
Passage 4
(2024·山东济南高三上·期末)A rising star frm Virginia has secured the title f “America’s Tp Yung Scientist” fr his grundbreaking creatin — a bar f sap designed t battle against skin cancer. At just 14 years ld, Heman Bekele emerged as the victr f the 2023 Yung Scientist Challenge, standing ut amng the ten finalists with his innvative creatin knwn as the Skin Cancer Treating Sap (SCTS).
Bekele’s brilliant cncept centers n the develpment f a sap that is nt nly affrdable, but als has the ptential t reactivate the bdy’s natural defenders f the skin t stp skin cancer. In Bekele’s wn wrds, “Curing cancer, ne bar f sap at a time. ”He always has endless passin fr bilgy and technlgy, and the Yung Scientist Challenge just prvided him with the perfect platfrm t display his ideas. Reflecting n his inspiratin, Bekele shared that his childhd played a significant rle in shaping his innvative thinking. Having witnessed peple wrk tirelessly under the sun, he culdn’t help but wnder hw many were aware f the risks assciated with cnstant sun expsure.
“I wanted t make my idea nt nly scientifically exceptinal but als accessible t a brad audience,” Bekele expressed during an interview with the media. He received invaluable guidance frm Debrah Isabelle, a prduct engineering specialist, wh cnnected him with ther scientists t aid him in reaching his ambitius plans.
During his presentatin, Bekele passinately expressed his visin f turning the sap int “a symbl f hpe, accessibility, and a wrld where skin cancer treatment is within reach fr all.”
Over the cming five years, Bekele lngs t perfect his inventin and establish a nnprfit rganizatin devted t distributing his innvative creatin t mre places including undevelped cmmunities, ffering hpe and a practical slutin in the fight against skin cancer.
1. What made Bekele an instant hit?
A. Starting a sap fashin.B. Overcming skin cancer.
C. Being the yungest scientist.D. Creating a sap against skin cancer.
2. What inspired Bekele t invent SCTS?
A. His cncern fr thers.B. His adventure in childhd.
C. His enthusiasm fr technlgy.D. His interest in medical knwledge.
3. What will Bekele d in the near future?
A. Obtain fficial apprval.B. Visit undevelped areas.
C. Increase the availability f the sap.D. Update the facilities f prductin.
4. Which f the fllwing can best describe Bekele?
A. Inspiring and mdest.B. Humrus and psitive.
C. Creative and cnsiderate.D. Curius and independent.
Passage 5
(2024·江苏高三上·阶段练习)In 1997, the Hungarian bichemist Katalin Karik met anther struggling researcher, the American immunlgist Drew Weissman, as they queued t phtcpy scientific papers at the University f Pennsylvania (UPenn). The tw scientists fund they fllwed the same research directin and decided t cperate. Nw, their partnership achieved the peak f scientific recgnitin. They jintly wn the Nbel Prize in Medicine. But while bth scientists endured years f prfessinal struggle n the way t the huge success, Karik had t vercme greater setbacks than Weissman. Fr decades she never fund a permanent psitin.
Having grwn up in a village in a huse withut running water r a refrigeratr, Karik gt a bichemistry dctrate in Szeged befre she and her husband sld their car, sewed sme cash int their tddler daughter’s teddy bear and went t the U. S. n a ne-way ticket. The daughter became a U. S. natinal rwer and Olympic gld winner.
Karik wrked in a few different research jbs befre landing a junir psitin at the UPenn. And fr many years her career at the UPenn was fragile. She migrated frm lab t lab, relying n ne senir scientist after anther t take her in. She never made mre than $60, 000 a year. She struggled t raise the grant funding essential fr a scientific career. Karik said she endured ridicule(奚落) frm university clleagues fr her pursuit. In 2013, Karik “was kicked ut frm UPenn— frced t retire”. The university tld her that her wrk was nt f faculty quality, she said in an interview. Yet the scientist’s cmmitment t her wrk didn’t change at all. “When I was fired, I didn’t feel srry fr myself, ”she said. “I have t fcus all the energy n seeking ut what’s next. ”
In a news cnference held at UPenn, she encuraged yung scientists t lve learning t slve prblems and t be prepared fr failure. “Yu have t learn hw t handle the failure, because mst f the time, we dn’t understand-we make an experiment and the utcme is nt what we want, ” Karik said. Researchers in Karik’s field are full f admiratin fr her genersity and persistence. “She is really the symbl f perseverance and what it takes t be a great researcher, ”Ellit Barnathan, a cardilgist wh hired Karik, said.
1. What was a majr cntributr t the cperatin f Karik and Weissman?
A. An accidental encunter.B. Shared scientific interest.
C. Pursuit f the Nbel Prize.D. Demand fr phtcpying.
2. What can be inferred frm the underlined sentence in paragraph 3?
A. The research at the Upenn was rewarding.B. She was fired because f her casual attitude.
C. The career made her psychlgically weak.D. She didn’t get the recgnitin she deserved.
3. Hw did Karik react t her dismissal frm UPenn?
A. She criticized her lab clleagues.B. She switched her career gal.
C. She stuck t her riginal belief.D. She abandned her research wrk.
4. What’s the authr’s purpse f writing this text?
A. T infrm readers f Karik’s latest research.
B. T reveal the fierce cmpetitin in universities.
C. T applaud the cperatin between scientists.
D. T highlight a scientist’s extrardinary quality.
Passage 6
(2024·湖北高三上·阶段练习)The year 2023 marks the 102th anniversary f Nether’s ring thery, a branch f theretical mathematics that is still fascinating and challenging numerus mathematicians tday.
Nether was brn in 1882 in Germany, whse father was a math prfessr, but it must have seemed unlikely t a yung Nether that she wuld fllw in his ftsteps because wmen were banned frm academia and few tk classes at universities. After Nether graduated frm a high schl fr girls, Erlangen University started t let wmen enrll. She signed up and earned her dctrate in mathematics, which shuld have been the end f her mathematical jurney. Teaching at a university fr wmen was still ut f the questin. But Nether stuck with mathematics anyway, staying in Erlangen and unfficially guiding dctral students withut pay.
In 1915, she applied fr a psitin at the University f Gttingen. Bill Nichll, the dean at the university, als a mathematician, was in favr f hiring Nether, althugh his argument was far frm feminist(女权主义). “The female brain is unsuitable fr mathematical prductin,” he wrte, “but Nether std ut as ne f the rare exceptins.”
Unfrtunately fr Nether,the Ministry f Educatin wuld nt give the university permissin t have a wman as their teacher. Nether stayed in Gttingen and taught curses listed under the name f a male faculty teacher. During thse years, she kept ding research and made imprtant cntributins t theretical physics and Einstein’s thery f relativity. The university finally granted her lecturer status. Tw years later, Nether published revlutinary discveries in ring thery, which is the study f mathematical bjects called rings. Netherian rings shw up all the time in mdern mathematics. Mathematicians still use Nether’s map tday,nt just in ring thery,but in ther area such as number thery and algebraic gemetry.
1. What d we learn abut Nether frm paragraph 2?
A. She taught at university as a teacher.B. She earned a degree in mathematics.
C. She was taught by her father at hmeD. She quit her mathematical jurney early.
2. What can we infer frm Bill Nichll’s wrds ?
A. He was struggling fr feminist.B. Females’brains differed frm males’.
C. Nether was a giant in mathematics.D. Wmen mathematicians were superb.
3. What d we knw abut Nether’s ring thery?
A. It is still used by mathematicians tday.
B. It pens up a new field in mdern physics.
C. It is based n Einstein’s thery f relativity.
D. It lays the fundatin fr mdern mathematics.
4. Which f the fllwing can best describe Nether?
A. Gifted and generus.B. Sensitive and determined.
C. Cmmitted and creative.D. Hardwrking and hnest.
Passage 7
(2024湖南·高三上·开学考试)Thmas Andrews was brn in Belfast in 1813, sn f a merchant. He was described as “a mdest, silent by with a great capacity fr general knwledge”. He had published the first f his many scientific papers in the Philsphical Magazine entitled “On the actin f a flame urged by the blwpipe n ther flames” at age 14. Shrtly after this his secnd publicatin “On the detectin f Baryta r Strntia when in unin with Lime” appeared in the same jurnal.
He started his frmal study f chemistry in 1828 at Glasgw University under Thmas Thmsn and cntinued it later in Paris. There he wrked in the labratries f J. B. Dumas and L. J. Thenard, where he learned chemical analysis frm these mst distinguished French analytical chemists. Returning t Dublin, he tk a B. A. degree at Trinity Cllege Dublin befre cmpleting his medical studies in Edinburgh. At 23 he became a physician in Belfast, as well as prfessr f chemistry at the Belfast Academical Institute. His medical cmmitments in the next ten years meant he had little time fr experimentatin but he still managed t publish a number f scientific papers.
When the Queen’s Cllege pened in 1845, he became its first prfessr f chemistry, as well as its Vice-President. As an utstanding experimentalist, he was the first t shw that zne is anther frm f xygen. Using narrw-bre, thick glass capillary tubes (毛细管), t cntain gases under extreme cnditins f temperature and pressure, he was able t shw that Byle’s Law did nt apply in these extreme cnditins. He established the crucial cncept f critical temperature and critical pressure. His discveries led t the liquefactin f all gases, sme f which had previusly been thught nt t be able t exist as liquids. Internatinally recgnized, he was elected t many scientific academies, and in 1867, became president f the British Assciatin fr the Advancement f Science.
1. What can be knwn abut teenage Thmas Andrews?
A. He was a faithful reader f Philsphical Magazine.
B. He was natinally famus.
C. He had strng interest in science.
D. He was excellent in every subject.
2. Why did Andrews g t Paris?
A. T cmplete ne f his papers.
B. T learn frm French scientists.
C. T earn a B. A. degree in chemistry.
D. T further his medical studies.
3. Why is Byle’s Law mentined in the last paragraph?
A. T analyse a phenmenn.
B. T demnstrate an ld thery.
C. T intrduce Andrews’ discvery.
D. T illustrate a chemistry experiment.
4. Which is the right rder f the fllwing events?
a. Thmas Andrews became a physician in Belfast.
b. Thmas Andrews published his first paper in a magazine.
c. Thmas Andrews studied chemistry at Glasgw University.
d. Thmas Andrews was appinted Vice-President f the Queen’s Cllege.
A. d-a-b-cB. b-a-d-cC. d-b-a-cD. b-c-a-d
Passage 8
(2024湖北黄冈高三上··开学考试)The daughter f a rmantic pet and ccasinal freedm fighter, Ada Lvelace had a famus but absent father. She never knew Lrd Byrn, as just weeks after her birth in 1815, he divrced her mther Isabella Milbanke Byrn and left t fight in the Greek War f Independence. In an effrt t prevent Ada frm develping her father’s unpredictable temper, Isabella decided that her daughter shuld devte her life t study.
Ada studied hard despite the fact that sciety did nt encurage wmen pursuing interests in science. Her life changed when she met inventr Charles Babbage at a party. As he demnstrated a wrking sectin f his mechanical calculatr, Ada was taken in by hw it wrked and wanted t knw mre. Impressed by the 17-year-ld’s bvius passin, Babbage became her tutr. Ada married in 1835 and became a mther, but she cntinued t take an active interest in study, scialising in intellectual circles with the likes f Charles Dickens and Michael Faraday.
Ada stayed in cntact with Babbage, wh in 1837 had prpsed a new machine, the analytical engine. In 1843, Ada was asked t translate a French text written by engineer Luigi Menabrea abut Babbage’s new design. After cmpleting the translatin, Ada was encuraged by Babbage t write her wn ntes n his wrk.
After nine mnths f hard wrk, Ada presented Babbage with a detailed list f ntes that was three times lnger than the riginal article. In her calculatins, Ada wrte what are cnsidered the first ever cmputer algrithms t be used in a new type f machine. She essentially prvided the first ideas fr cmputer prgramming in what was a grundbreaking prpsal n the ptential f cmputers.
Ada died f cancer aged nly 36 and her wrk was largely recgnised until the 1950s when her ntes were republished. In 1979 the US Department f Defence named a prgramming language ‘Ada’ in her hnur.
1. What can we learn abut Ada frm the first paragraph?
A. She had a devted father.B. Her mther raised her up alne.
C. She had an unpredictable temper.D. Her parents divrced befre her birth.
2. Wh arused her interest in mathematics and cmputer engineering?
A. Charles Dickens.B. Michael Faraday.
C. Luigi Menabrea.D. Charles Babbage.
3. Which wrds can best describe Ada?
A. Mdest and utging.B. Talented and diligent.
C. Generus and cnsiderate.D. Determined and independent.
4. What can be inferred frm the last paragraph?
A. Ada’s ntes were published nly nce.
B. Ada named a prgramming language after herself.
C. Ada earned a reputatin nearly a century after her death.
D. Ada’s wrk was largely recgnized when she was alive.