压轴题03 阅读理解CD篇（社会文化研究报告类）-2024年高考英语压轴题专项训练（新高考通用）

这是一份压轴题03 阅读理解CD篇（社会文化研究报告类）-2024年高考英语压轴题专项训练（新高考通用），文件包含压轴题03阅读理解CD篇社会文化研究报告类原卷版docx、压轴题03阅读理解CD篇社会文化研究报告类解析版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共27页， 欢迎下载使用。
一、在复习语言点的时候，要依据语言的横向组合和纵向聚合，按照“点—线—面”顺序，构建知识网络环境。
二、多做高考题，少扣模拟题
1、时间的把控。
2、总结一下各部分的得分情况，了解自己的强弱项。
3、留意出题点，揣摩不同内容出题人的着眼点在哪里，做到知己知彼。
三、多攻词汇表，少记课外词
四、写作。研究高考写作命题话题范围，根据测试的频度和交际场景的生活化程度进行分类。
压轴题03 阅读理解C、D篇


说明文基本规律及解题要领
高考中科普类阅读理解一般不给标题，反而经常要求考生选择最佳标题。说明文一般采用如下四部分：
首段：一般即是文章的主题段，开门见山点明新发明或研究对象。
背景: 交代问题的现状或研究的起因。
主干: 部分介绍研究所取得的突破，作者往往会详细介绍研究对象、研究方法、研究理论或具体的实验、统计等过程。
结尾: 通常会再次对中心进行概括、重述研究成果、预计的市场未来等与主题呼应。
二、说明文的解题技巧
1. 运用语篇结构（text structure），了解文章大意
科普说明文主题鲜明、脉络清晰，行文结构模式较为固定。弄清文本结构有助于把握文章主旨和阅读重点。社会文化研究类文章多用描述法、问题与历史文化背景等方法，通过列数据、做对比等来说明新的文化研究的内容及影响，内容涉及语言、传统习俗、建筑、艺术等行为模式、价值观念、知识体系等多方面的知识。 结构上一般采用上述四个部分，说明手法上常使用以下说明方法：描述法（包括举例子、下定义、列数据等）、因果法、问题与对策法。
实验研究型文章一般会以实验的过程进展为线索，多用描述法、问题与对策法等方法，通过列数据、做对比等来说明新的科学研究发现及其产生的影响。
阅读时，首先用略读法快速浏览每段的首尾句，根据英语说明文思维模式特征，作者一般都会开门见山，直奔主题。结尾通常也是中心思想的概括，并与导语相呼应。因此在做主旨大意、写作意图和最佳标题等题目时，需要重点关注首尾段落里面高频复现的词汇和内容。
2. 定位标志词，分析长难句，进行逻辑推理判断
每一个问题，在原文中，都要有一个定位。然后精读，找出那个标志词或者中心句。根据题干要求，用查读法快速定位到相关段落。再利用标志词所提供的逻辑关系找到细节信息，如列数据、举例子、原因和结果等。如果句子成分复杂，有生词，也不要烦躁退缩，分析主句和从句或非谓语动词之间的关系，一些出现在术语、抽象概念、长难句前后的同义词、近义词等，都是用以理解文章的语境线索。通过这些对长句进行层层剖析，露出主干部分，就能明晰句意，弄懂作者的真实意图。
关注某人说到或推断观点态度题
某人说过的话，有时并不是题眼，但可以从侧面或某个角度来反映作者的观点，也就是作者想表达的，正确答案都是和这样的观点相一致的。要把握关键词，有感情色彩的词。
4.关注转折关系的逻辑词
说明文中常会出现表示转折意义的词，如hwever, but, yet,while等。这些词后面才是作者真正想表达的意思，常常会在此处命题。
5. 熟悉选项设置规律，关注细节
正确选项：文中内容的“同义替换”或者“归纳概括”。
干扰项：“张冠李戴”、“偷梁换柱”、“无中生有”和“以偏概全”四种类型。

03 社会文化研究类
1.（2223高三·江西鹰潭·开学考试）
Letting kids learn mre abut science at an early age is easier than yu think. It is happening all arund us, and yu can use daily things t aruse (激发) yur children’s interest. Mst parents believe it is difficult t help their children with science. But yu dn’t need a high scientific degree t teach yur children science. All yu need is that yu’re willing t try, t see the wrld, and t take the time t encurage their natural curisity. When they strngly want t knw abut smething, they get the ticket t the unknwn wrld.
Yu can help by having an active attitude (态度) twards science yurself. Then start simply by asking yur children questins abut the things yu see every day. Next listen t their answers withut judging (评判) them, which will imprve their cnfidence (自信), and help yu decide just what yur children knw r d nt knw.
Different kids have different interest, s they need different kinds f science prjects. Cllecting rcks may interest yur yung daughter, but yur lder sn may need smething mre t deal with it. Knwing yur children is the best way t find enjyable learning activities. Here are sme mre pieces f advice: Chse activities that are the right level f difficulty. If yu are nt sure, pick smething easier. Read the suggested ages n any prjects, bks, and then make sure that the activity is prper fr yur children. Let yur children chse the prject r activity themselves. It’s easy enugh t ask rather than frce them. Suggest chsing 2 r 3 things yur children can d. When a child picks smething he r she is interested in, he r she will enjy it and learn mre frm it.
1．What d mst parents believe?
A．Science shuld be learnt early.
B．Science teaching needs time.
C．Helping children with science is hard.
D．Many children have n interest in science.
2．What des the underlined wrd “curisity” mean in English?
A．The spirit f changing.B．The ability f understanding.
C．The methd f thinking.D．The feeling f wndering.
3．Hw can we start t help children?
A．By judging them.B．By asking them questins.
C．By cllecting their answers.D．By deciding what interests them.
4．Which is the best way t find enjyable learning activities fr children?
A．T knw the children.B．T imprve their cnfidence.
C．T have an active attitude.D．T ffer different kinds f prjects.
5．What can we mainly learn frm the passage?
A．Hw t chse activities fr children.
B．Why t let children learn science earlier.
C．Why nt frce children t learn science.
D．Hw t aruse children’s interest in science.
2.（2024·全国·模拟预测）
Between 1945 and 2000, educatrs emplyed a fairly unifrm apprach. The teacher was the sun in the classrm, and all lessns and activities centered arund him r her. Educatrs stressed the imprtance f discipline and bedience(服从) within the classrm, and students were expected t fllw very rigid standards fr behavir and academic perfrmance. The stated gal f this mdel was t ensure fairness by applying the same expectatins; hwever, the result was that nly a few students succeeded while many thers were left behind.
When cmputers and Internet technlgy entered the classrm a few decades ag, anther pattern appeared and prgressive educatrs immediately saw the pprtunity t change the way schl wrked. Instead f needing t fcus n the teachers fr the vast majrity f the day, students culd use cmputers, websites, and even games t learn new materials and imprve their skills and knwledge. Nt all educatrs welcmed this shift, hwever, as sme believed it tk pwer and respnsibility away frm the teachers and cheapened the educatinal experience fr learners.
Over the last decade, tw distinct camps f educatrs have emerged. Tech advcates stress that cmputers and Internet technlgy allw students t learn at their wn pace in an envirnment that makes them feel cmfrtable, while the traditinal classrm sets a pace that many learners can’t keep up with and ften makes students feel uncmfrtable. Traditinalists, n the ther hand, believe that ver-reliance n tech limits students’ ability t develp their wn knwledge and skills and des little t prepare them fr the realities f being adults in the real wrld.
Regrettably, the inability f these tw parties t find an agreement has prevented the grwth f ur educatin system. We must learn frm what wrked in the past while adpting the best f ur new technlgies t create an educatin system that reflects ur mdern wrld. If we can’t get all ur teachers n the same page, then we will be at risk f failing future generatins.
6．Wh can prbably learn better under the 1945 -2000 mdel f educatin?
A．Lisa wh tends t read by herself.B．Michael wh disciplines himself.
C．Kate wh can fcus n listening fr lng.D．Tm wh prefers hands-n learning.
7．Why d sme educatrs prefer the secnd educatin pattern?
A．It allws fr different learning styles.B．It has the same hpe fr students.
C．It fires students’ enthusiasm fr learning.D．It reduces teachers’ level f stress.
8．What message is cnveyed in paragraph 3?
A．Tw f a trade never agree.B．Everyne thinks in his way.
C．Every ptter praises his pt.D．One’s wrds reflect ne’s thinking.
9．What is the authr’s understanding f a gd educatin system?
A．It’s full f well-trained subject teachers.B．It’s an accurate mirrr f the real wrld.
C．It’s inclusive and accessible t all students.D．It’s an integratin f traditin and mdernity.
3.（23-24高三下·辽宁大连·阶段练习）
Falcns are pwerful birds that may be trained t hunt in cperatin with humans. The art f training falcns as “hunting dgs f the skies” is called falcnry (训鹰术). It was develped in the ancient Arabian Desert arund 4000 B．C． In the past, falcnry mainly invlved hunting with falcns t supplement ne’s diet. But nw, it has becme the favrite sprt and pastime in the Arabian Peninsula.
Falcnry includes three majr prcesses: acquiring the falcns, training them, and hunting with them. Every year, falcners begin capturing wild falcns in June and July, the migratin seasn. The best birds t catch are the nes with naturally nurtured hunting skills, aged ne r tw years. Once the falcns are captured, their heads are immediately cvered with a leather hd. This is essential because they imprint as their master whmever they see first after the hd is remved. Right after a bird is caught, the training prcess starts. It begins by depriving (剥夺) the bird f fd t make it easier t tame. The birds are taught t knw their wn name and respnd t their master when called. Arab falcners live with their birds day and night in rder t build a strng relatinship with them.
By the end f Octber r mid-Nvember, the trained falcns are ready t hunt in the desert. They have excellent visin, 2. 6 times greater than that f a human. They are als the fastest divers n the planet. One hunting technique that sets them apart frm ther animals is that they can be trained t deliver their prey, withut killing it first. This is vital in Islamic culture because animals used fr fd must still be alive t ensure that the meat is halal, that is, prperly prepared accrding t Islamic law.
Falcns have played such a crucial rle in traditinal Islamic cultures that a number f cuntries in the Middle East have made them their natinal bird. Falcnry has grwn s ppular that specialist hspitals have been established t take care f these magnificent birds. Falcns are even issued their wn passprts. They are the nly animals in the United Arab Emirates that are legally allwed t travel inside planes, enjying a level f luxury that sme humans can nly dream f.
10．What is the main reasn fr Arabic peple t hunt with falcns tday?
A．T serve as entertainment and exercise.
B．T supplement their diet.
C．T replace the practice f hunting with dgs.
D．T hnr their natinal bird.
11．What can we learn frm the passage?
A．Falcners dn’t give fd t falcns in rder t capture them.
B．Falcns are nt allwed t see their masters during the training prcess.
C．Wild falcns with natural hunting skills are ideal fr falcners t catch.
D．The trainers’ names are written n the hds cvering the birds’ heads.
12．What especially makes falcns a unique species fr hunting in Islamic culture?
A．Falcns keep their prey alive befre delivering it t falcners.
B．Falcns can frm a strng bnd with their wners quickly.
C．Falcns’ visin is particularly suitable fr hunting in deserts.
D．Falcns are relatively easy t train fr specific hunting.
13．Accrding t the article, what privilege d falcns enjy in the Arab wrld?
A．Free air ticket.B．Passprts issued by the King.
C．Expensive meals.D．Access t specialized medical care.
4.（2023·全国·模拟预测）
Nrwegians wuld perhaps highlight their custm f “gå på tur”— ging n a jurney n ft r n skis. In Denmark, everyne knws what “hygge” is — t freely enjy the gd life with the peple yu lve. They’re the issues f “intangible cultural heritage”, things that cannt be physically tuched such as traditins, stries, music, dance and craft skills.
In 2003, UNESCO, the educatin, science and culture rganizatin f the United Natins, adpted an agreement t “preserve the intangible” and many develping-wrld cuntries were quick t get their traditins included n the fficial list. But it wuld take almst 10 years fr “Agreement fr the Safeguarding f the Intangible Cultural Heritage” t be apprved by the Scandinavian cuntries.
Annika Sjöberg is respnsible fr managing the wrk f the agency in Sweden. She has been, and cntinues t be, flded with suggestins f intangible cultural heritage wrthy f prtectin, submitted by cmmitted citizens and rganizatins wanting t see their particular traditins included n the list that shuld be ready smetime in the next cuple f years.
Suggestins have als been received cncerning varius maritime traditins: ld shipwright skills such as the building f wden hulled vessels, are in decline and at risk f being lst frever.
“Our wrk has attracted cnsiderable attentin as it is regarded as being a little ut in left field,” says Sjöberg. “In additin, it’s als pened peple’s eyes t the fact that the things we can’t physically tuch indeed have a majr bearing n the way in which we live. Even in an urbanized sciety, there is knwledge we carry with us that we’ve inherited frm previus generatins-knwledge that’s imprtant t preserve and take care f.”
Sjöberg explains that the pint is nt t preserve this cultural heritage in a stny rigid frm, as traditins must be allwed t change and evlve. She als emphasizes that her wrk shuld nt be interpreted as a natinalistic prject, rather as a means f multicultural spreading.
It’s actually a matter f dcumenting the knwledge that exists in the varius traditins. What is mst exciting is the diversity that nw exists and the ways in which different cultures interact with each ther.
14．Why are “gå på tur” and “hygge” mentined at the beginning f the text?
A．T remind peple t enjy a healthy lifestyle.
B．T intrduce the main tpic f the text.
C．T appeal t the wrld t mind physical cultures.
D．T highlight hw special the nrthern Eurpean cuntries are.
15．Hw shuld a traditin be included n the fficial list?
A．Date back t 2003.B．Last fr ten years ld.
C．Meet the agreements f UNESCO.D．Be in the develping cuntry.
16．What d we knw abut Annika Sjöberg?
A．She is wrking fr the UNESCO agency in Switzerland.
B．She mnitrs the prtectin f physical cultural heritage.
C．She tries her best t restre the wrld-wide particular traditins.
D．She has been managing the cases f the intangible cultural heritage.
17．What des the text mainly talk abut?
A．Creatin f the UNESCO.
B．Annika Sjöberg’s daily rutine.
C．Intangible cultural heritage f UNESCO.
D．Safeguarding the cultures f the Scandinavian cuntries.
5.（2024·湖南岳阳·一模）
Classical Chinese furniture — a desk, a cabinet r any ther fine piece f furniture and ften ut f precius wd —impresses us with its delicate shape. The secret f its graceful frm is less visible and lies in its cmplicated sunma (榫卯) system, which allws the varius cmpnents t be assembled neatly withut glue r nails.
Suzhu, a scenic and peaceful city in Jiangsu, a prvince lng knwn fr its wealth, develped its wn traditin f classical furniture design ver the centuries. Examples f the Suzhu-style furniture are currently n display as part f Oriental Wisdm in Sun Ma, a grup exhibitin at the Prince Kung’s Palace Museum in Beijing.
Running until Sunday, the shw demnstrates the way that the cmplex sunma technique has been used in making furniture, as well as the variatins that develped in different parts f the cuntry. Als n display are mdels f different kinds, as well as the cmpnents f tw chairs, which are disassembled and laid ut t give museum gers a clear view f the inner structure f classical furniture.
The Suzhu style flwered during the Ming Dynasty(1368-1644), and nce dminated the market in Jiangnan, the suthern regin alng the lwer reaches f the Yangtze River. It integrated input frm the intellectual class, wh put their ideals regarding living spaces and spiritual harbrs int its design. Accrding t Xu Jianping, ne f the inheritrs f classical furniture design in the city, the Suzhu style presents beauty in the same delicate way the city des, and represents the life philsphy f its peple t achieve “refinement thrugh careful calculatins”.
Guangzhu style furniture is nrmally made ut f trpical hardwd, and its frms and decrative patterns shw the influence f Eurpean furniture styles resulting frm Guangzhu’s histry as an internatinal trade prt. The Beijing style, which is mre splendid, incrprates aesthetic (美学) and stylistic elements frm bth Suzhu and Guangzhu.
“While the Suzhu style is light in weight and elegant in utline, furniture in the Beijing style is mre magnificent, as it used t be made fr ryalty and aristcracy.” Xu says. “Ultimately, peple live with their furniture, s the principle f quality furniture is that it shuld be apprpriate t the space.”
18．What is n display in the exhibitin?
A．The lifestyle in Sunzhu.B．The mdern furniture in Suzhu.
C．The secret f sunma system.D．The classical furniture in China.
19．What des the underlined wrd ”disassembled“ in paragraph 3 mean?
A．taken apartB．brken upC．trn dwnD．given away
20．What is paragraph 4 f the text mainly abut?
A．The beauty f the delicate city.B．The develpment f the Suzhu Style.
C．The influence f histrical design ideas.D．The frmatin f the Suzhu life philsphy.
21．Why did the authr mentin Guangzhu and Beijing style furniture?
A．T cmpare their differences.B．T evaluate the usage f furniture.
C．T express the way t display furniture.D．T illustrate the thery f furniture design.
6.（2024·浙江杭州·二模）
Educatin in 2080 is distinctive frm educatin in the 2020s. Until abut 2035, the main functin f educatin systems was t supply the ecnmy with the next generatin f wrkers. In 2080, the purpse f educatin is the well-being f sciety and all its members. T make this a bit mre tangible fr yu, I wuld like t give an example f what a child’s educatin lks like in 2080. Her name is Shemsy. Shemsy is 13, and she is cnfident and lves learning.
Shemsy des nt g t schl in the mrning because schls as yu knw them n lnger exist. The institutin was ablished as it was widely thught f as mre like a prisn r a factry than a creative learning envirnment. Schls have been replaced with “Learning Hubs” that are nt restricted t certain ages. They are where intergeneratinal learning happens, in line with the belief that learning is a lifelng pursuit.
Every year, Shemsy designs her learning jurney fr the year with a highly attentive “teacher-citizen”. Shemsy is actively engaged in designing her educatin and has t prpse prjects she wuld like t be invlved in t cntribute t and serve her cmmunity. She als spends lts f time playing as the rle f play in learning has finally been recgnized as essential and cre t ur humanity. Shemsy wrks a lt cllabratively. Access t educatin is universal, and higher educatin institutins n lnger differentiate themselves by hw many peple they reject yearly. Variability between students is expected and leveraged (利用) as yung peple teach ne anther and use their differences as a surce f strength. Shemsy naturally explres what she is curius abut at a pace she sets. She still has sme classes t take that are mandatry fr children glbally: Being Human and the Histry f Humanity.
We invite yu t think abut yur visin fr educatin in the year 2080, what des it lk like, wh des it serve,and hw des it transfrm ur scieties?
22．What des paragraph 1 mainly tell us?
A．There are different types f educatin.
B．The present educatin needs imprvements.
C．Educatin and ecnmy are clsely assciated.
D．The gal f future educatin is fundamentally different.
23．What d we knw abut the Learning Hub that Shemsy ges t?
A．It accepts students f all ages.B．It prmtes cmpetitin.
C．It discurages individualized learning.D．It is all abut play-based learning.
24．What des the underlined wrd “mandatry” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Tugh.B．Satisfactry.C．Optinal.D．Required.
25．What is the suitable title fr the text?
A．An Example t AllB．A Visin fr Educatin
C．A Challenge fr EducatinD．A Jurney int the Future
命题预测
分析近几年高考阅读理解C、D篇可知，高考命题中科普说明文一直都是以压轴题的形式存在，着重考查考生对于语篇的理解能力以及信息处理能力。 题材多样，语篇主要来源于英美主流报刊、杂志和网站。内容涉及科技创新发明、人工智能类、医疗保健卫生类、社会与文化研究报告、观念事理类、环境与保护类、动植物研究等多种领域，具有较强的思想性、趣味性、实际功用性和较强的时代感。
从近年全国卷和各地高考试卷中科普类阅读命题的统计来看，高考阅读理解科普类文章的理论性和逻辑性强、生词多、句式结构复杂。六种命题类型都有所体现。命题尊重语篇的文体特征和行文特点，考查了考生理解说明文语篇的能力，以及灵活运用各种阅读策略提取、归纳所读信息的能力，尤其加大了对概括能力和推断能力等高阶思维能力的考查。预测2024年高考对于科普说明文的考查仍然是重点。
高频考法
推理判断题
标题归纳题
细节理解题
词义猜测题