压轴题07 阅读理解CD篇（医疗健康健身类）-2024年高考英语压轴题专项训练（新高考通用）

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一、在复习语言点的时候，要依据语言的横向组合和纵向聚合，按照“点—线—面”顺序，构建知识网络环境。
二、多做高考题，少扣模拟题
1、时间的把控。
2、总结一下各部分的得分情况，了解自己的强弱项。
3、留意出题点，揣摩不同内容出题人的着眼点在哪里，做到知己知彼。
三、多攻词汇表，少记课外词
四、写作。研究高考写作命题话题范围，根据测试的频度和交际场景的生活化程度进行分类。
压轴题07 阅读理解C、D篇


说明文基本规律及解题要领
高考中科普类阅读理解一般不给标题，反而经常要求考生选择最佳标题。说明文一般采用如下四部分：
首段：一般即是文章的主题段，开门见山点明新发明或研究对象。
背景: 交代问题的现状或研究的起因。
主干: 部分介绍研究所取得的突破，作者往往会详细介绍研究对象、研究方法、研究理论或具体的实验、统计等过程。
结尾: 通常会再次对中心进行概括、重述研究成果、预计的市场未来等与主题呼应。
二、说明文的解题技巧
1. 运用语篇结构（text structure），了解文章大意
科普说明文主题鲜明、脉络清晰，行文结构模式较为固定。弄清文本结构有助于把握文章主旨和阅读重点。医疗健身健康类文章多用描述法、问题与对策法等方法，通过列数据、做对比等来说明新的科学研究发现及其对医疗、疾病、健康等方面产生的影响。 结构上一般采用上述四个部分，说明手法上常使用以下说明方法：描述法（包括举例子、下定义、列数据等）、因果法、问题与对策法。
实验研究型文章一般会以实验的过程进展为线索，多用描述法、问题与对策法等方法，通过列数据、做对比等来说明新的科学研究发现及其产生的影响。
阅读时，首先用略读法快速浏览每段的首尾句，根据英语说明文思维模式特征，作者一般都会开门见山，直奔主题。结尾通常也是中心思想的概括，并与导语相呼应。因此在做主旨大意、写作意图和最佳标题等题目时，需要重点关注首尾段落里面高频复现的词汇和内容。
2. 定位标志词，分析长难句，进行逻辑推理判断
每一个问题，在原文中，都要有一个定位。然后精读，找出那个标志词或者中心句。根据题干要求，用查读法快速定位到相关段落。再利用标志词所提供的逻辑关系找到细节信息，如列数据、举例子、原因和结果等。如果句子成分复杂，有生词，也不要烦躁退缩，分析主句和从句或非谓语动词之间的关系，一些出现在术语、抽象概念、长难句前后的同义词、近义词等，都是用以理解文章的语境线索。通过这些对长句进行层层剖析，露出主干部分，就能明晰句意，弄懂作者的真实意图。
关注某人说到或推断观点态度题
某人说过的话，有时并不是题眼，但可以从侧面或某个角度来反映作者的观点，也就是作者想表达的，正确答案都是和这样的观点相一致的。要把握关键词，有感情色彩的词。
4.关注转折关系的逻辑词
说明文中常会出现表示转折意义的词，如hwever, but, yet,while等。这些词后面才是作者真正想表达的意思，常常会在此处命题。
5. 熟悉选项设置规律，关注细节
正确选项：文中内容的“同义替换”或者“归纳概括”。
干扰项：“张冠李戴”、“偷梁换柱”、“无中生有”和“以偏概全”四种类型。

02 医疗健身健康类
1.（2024·湖北武汉·一模）
Many think 2024 culd be the year mre peple have the tls t fllw thrugh n New Year’s reslutins abut weight lss. If they can affrd them and manage t stick with them, peple can turn t a new generatin f remarkably effective weight-lss drugs, als called GLP-1s, which ffer the ptential fr substantial weight lss.
Wegvy, which was apprved in 2021, and Zepbund, which gt the nd frm the U.S. Fd and Drug Administratin in 2023, are the mst effective publicly available weight-lss drugs ever made. Wegvy has been shwn t help peple shed as much as 16% f their bdy weight, in cmbinatin with exercise and diet. Zepbund’s highest dse, alng with lifestyle changes, has helped peple lse as much as 27% f their bdy weight ver 18 mnths.
Althugh lng-term data isn’t available, these drugs appear t be the safest t date. A large number f peple suffer frm gastrintestinal distress (肠胃不适) n the medicatins, including vmiting, nausea and diarrhea; but mre serius side effects, like thse previus weight-lss drugs, have been rare. Wegvy als appears t reduce the risk f a repeating heart attack r strke fr peple with pre-existing disease.
S far, bth drugs have been hard fr patients t access. Suppliers have had truble making enugh f the medicines t meet the skyrcketing demand. And insurance cmpanies haven’t cvered the cst f the drugs, which can run frm abut $1,000 t ver $1,300 a mnth.
Paying fr them shuld becme easier in 2024, as supplies rise up and insurance cmpanies culd bw t market pressure and cver mre f the cst.
Als in the new year, there are mre GLP-1 drugs n the way and in mre frms. Bth Wegvy and Zepbund are delivered as weekly shts. Pill versins are under develpment as are ther medicatins, sme f which culd help peple lse even mre weight.
There’s a majr unknwn factr with these drugs, which culd becme better understd in the cming years. Experts can’t say if peple will be able t keep the weight ff if they dn’t make lifestyle changes and stp taking the drugs.
1．What is Paragraph 3 mainly abut?
A．The side effects f the tw drugs.B．The safety f the tw drugs.
C．The advantages f the tw drugs.D．The dubt abut the tw drugs.
2．Which is the reasn fr the shrtage f the tw drugs?
A．The technlgy t make the medicines is nt mature.
B．They are expensive, sld at arund $1,000 fr each sht.
C．They are nt currently included in the medical insurance.
D．There are n pill versins f the tw drugs n the market.
3．Which statement abut GLP-1 drugs is crrect?
A．They are mainly injected int patients at present.
B．They can effectively reduce weight by 27% per year.
C．The dubt abut the drugs will be cleared in the cming year.
D．The drugs will substantially slve the weight issue nce and fr all.
4．What is the authr’s attitude twards the develpment f GLP-1 drugs?
A．Dubtful.B．Critical.C．Objective.D．Hpeful.
2.（2024高三全国模拟）
Peple wh eat just tw servings f red meat per week may have an increased risk f develping type 2 diabetes (糖尿病) cmpared t peple wh eat fewer servings, and the risk increases with greater cnsumptin, accrding t a new study led by researchers frm Harvard T. H. Chan Schl f Public Health.
While previus studies have fund a link between red meat cnsumptin and type 2 diabetes risk, this study, which analyzed a large number f type 2 diabetes cases amng participants being fllwed fr an extended perid f years, adds a greater level f certainty abut the assciatin.
Type 2 diabetes rates are increasing rapidly in the U.S. and wrldwide. The disease is nt nly a serius burden, but als a majr risk factr fr kidney disease, cancer, and dementia.
Fr this study, the researchers analyzed health data frm 216,695 participants frm the Nurses' Health Study, and Health Prfessinals Fllw-up Study. Diet was assessed with fd frequency questinnaires every tw t fur years, fr up t 36 years. During this time, mre than 22,000 participants develped type 2 diabetes.
The researchers fund that cnsumptin f red meat, including prcessed and unprcessed red meat, was strngly assciated with increased risk f type 2 diabetes.
Participants wh ate the mst red meat had a 62% higher risk f develping type 2 diabetes cmpared t thse wh ate the least. Every additinal daily serving f prcessed red meat was assciated with a 46% greater risk f develping type 2 diabetes and every additinal daily serving f unprcessed red meat was assciated with a 24% greater risk.
The researchers als assessed the ptential effects f substituting ne daily serving f red meat fr anther prtein surce. They fund that substituting with a serving f nuts was assciated with a 30% lwer risk f type 2 diabetes, and substituting with a serving f dairy prducts was assciated with a 22% lwer risk.
In additin t health benefits, substituting red meat fr healthy plant prtein surces wuld help reduce greenhuse gas emissins: and climate change, and prvide ther envirnmental benefits, accrding t the researchers.
5．What sets the new study apart frm previus research?
A．Different fcus areas.B．Scientists frm Harvard.
C．Unique research methds and findings.D．Mre participants and lnger fllw-up perid:
6．Hw is Paragraph 4 mainly rganized?
A．By describing the research prcess.B．By presenting the data f health risk.
C．By prviding backgrund infrmatin.D．By cmparing different kinds f meat.
7．What des the underlined wrd “substituting” in Paragraph 6 prbably mean?
A．Adding.B．Decreasing.C．Swapping.D．Ignring.
8．Where is this text mst prbably taken frm?
A．A medical jurnal.B．A ck bk.
C．A science fictin.D．A fashin magazine.
3.（23-24高三全国专项练习）
Businesses are finding mre uses fr virtual reality (VR) as the technlgy develps.
VR is n lnger nly fr gaming r enjyment. An American cmpany called Blue Gji is using VR t imprve ne’s health by making exercise mre fun.
Blue Gji has ffices in Austin, the capital f Texas. The cmpany shwed its wrkut machine called the Infinity treadmill (跑步机) at the Suth by Suthwest festival. A persn using the treadmill wears a virtual reality headset when exercising. Befre starting, the user is cnnected t a belt t prevent falls. Then, the user plays a VR game while running n the machine. The game can transprt the user int the virtual wrld, where he r she can be racing against virtual peple.
The cst f the hardware and the cmputer sftware prgram is $12,000. That means much fr mst peple. But Kyra Cnstam f Blue Gji says the virtual reality treadmill is ideal fr places where peple g t exercise, like high-end gyms r recreatin centers.
Recently, Lenard Mattiazzi tested the Infinity treadmill. Mattiazzi said he had a strng feeling t actually get running and d smething that pushed his limits. He said the experience was mre interesting than running inside the gym withut actually ging anywhere.
Cnstam nted that a lt f VR experiences cause mtin sickness (晕动病) because peple are in mtin during the game, but nt mving in real life. But when the user is mving n the treadmill and in the game, the chances f mtin sickness are reduced. She said there is generally a learning curve fr VR. The first time users feel lst, but the mre yu d it, the mre yu get used t it.
After carefully studying the users experiences, Blue Gji plans t begin selling the Infinity treadmill t the public.
9．What are users mst likely t d after running n the Infinity treadmill?
A．Make mre new friends.B．Gain mre useful skills.
C．Be fnder f exercising.D．Prefer playing cmputer games.
10．What d we knw abut the Infinity treadmill?
A．Users can nt run n it.B．It is t expensive fr mst peple.
C．Users can race against anyne.D．It can be bught in high-end gyms.
11．Hw did Lenard Mattiazzi feel abut the Infinity treadmill?
A．SatisfiedB．Disappinted.
C．Dubtful.D．Indifferent.
12．What is the main purpse f the text?
A．T prmte a new cmpany.
B．T call n peple t take mre exercise.
C．T intrduce a new applicatin f virtual reality.
D．T discuss the relatinship between life and mdern technlgy.
4.（2024·河北·二模）
When it cmes t lwering bld pressure, studies have typically shwn that aerbic (有氧的) exercises are best. Recent research suggests anther type f physical activity is wrth including as an effective tl t prevent and treat high bld pressure.
Exercises that engage muscles withut mvement, such as wall squats and planks, may be best fr lwering bld pressure, accrding t a large study published in July, 2023 in the British Jurnal f Sprts Medicine.
This type f training is knwn as ismetric exercise, accrding t the May Clinic. Ismetric muscle actin happens when muscles cntract but d nt visibly change length, and the jints invlved dn’t mve, facilitating stability f the bdy. Ismetric exercises can be dne with weights r withut, just relying n the bdy’s wn weight.
“These findings prvide a cmprehensive data-driven framewrk t supprt the develpment f new exercise guideline recmmendatins fr the preventin and treatment f high bld pressure,” said study cauthr Dr. Jamie O’Driscll in a news release.
The researchers lked int randmized cntrlled trials that had reprted the effects f exercise interventins, lasting tw r mre weeks, n bld pressure between 1990 and February 2023. Frm a review f 270 trials with 15,827 participants, the researchers fund that amng HIIT (high intensity interval training), ismetric exercise, aerbic exercise, dynamic resistance training and a cmbinatin f the latter tw, ismetric exercise led t the greatest reductins in bld pressure.
It’s als imprtant t nte that there are ther lifestyle changes as well as exercise that can benefit yur bld pressure. These include keeping t a healthy weight, eating a balanced diet, cutting dwn n salt, nt drinking t much alchl and ensuring that yu cntinue t take any prescribed medicatin.
Mre research is needed t determine exactly why ismetric exercises might be better fr lwering bld pressure than ther types f training, the authrs said.
13．What des the underlined part “ismetric exercise” in paragraph 3 refer t?
A．Exercise that is dne with extra weights.
B．Exercise that invlves visible muscle cntractin.
C．Exercise that fcuses n stability f the bdy.
D．Exercise that engages muscles withut mvement.
14．Hw did the researchers carry ut the study?
A．By prviding statistics.B．By interviewing experts.
C．By ding experiments.D．By making cmparisns.
15．What des the authr suggest the future studies abut ismetric exercise fcus n?
A．Explring the reasns fr its effectiveness.
B．Demnstrating its influences n mental health.
C．Assessing its suitability fr different ppulatins.
D．Determining its lng-term impacts n bld pressure.
16．What is the text mainly abut?
A．The benefits f aerbic exercises.B．The best exercise fr bld pressure.
C．The effects f varius types f exercises.D．The imprtance f keeping a healthy lifestyle.
5.（23-24·浙江·阶段练习）
New Yrk University (NYU) surgens have perfrmed the wrld’s first transplant f an entire human eye, an extrardinary additin t a face transplant, althugh it’s far t sn t knw if the man will ever see thrugh his new left eye.
An accident had destryed mst f Aarn James’ face and ne eye. His right eye still wrks. But the surgens hped replacing the missing ne wuld prduce better csmetic (整容的) results fr his new face. The NYU team is ding just that. James is recvering well frm the dual (双重的) transplant last May and the dnated eye lks remarkably healthy.
Tday, transplants f the crnea (眼角膜) are cmmn t treat certain types f visin lss. But transplanting the whle eye—the eyeball, its bld supply, and the critical ptic nerve (视神经) that must cnnect it t the brain—is cnsidered a mnsht in the search t cure blindness.
Whatever will happen next, James’ surgery ffers scientists a windw int hw the human eye tries t heal. “We’re nt claiming that we are ging t restre sight,” said Dr. Eduard Rdriguez, wh led the transplant. “But there’s n dubt that we are ne step clser.”
Sme specialists had feared the eye wuld quickly becme dry and wrinkled. Hwever, when Rdriguez pened James’ left eyelid, the dnated eye was fat and full f liquid. Dctrs see gd bld flw and n sign f rejectin.
Nw researchers have begun analyzing scans f James’ brain that detected sme puzzling signals frm that all-imprtant but injured ptic nerve. Dr. Jeffrey Gldberg, wh has lng studied hw t make eye transplants a reality, called the surgery exciting. “It’s an amazing cnfirmatin f animal experiments that have kept transplanted eyes alive,” he said. “The difficulty nw is hw t regrw the ptic nerve, althugh animal studies are making prgress.” He praised the NYU team’s “bldness” in even aiming fr ptic nerve repair and hpes the transplant will prmte mre research.
17．What can be learnt frm the first tw paragraphs?
A．James is fully cntent with the surgery result.
B．The surgery t replace James’ missing eye is underway.
C．James can see thrugh his transplanted eye pretty sn.
D．The surgens have transplanted the face and an eye t James.
18．What des the underlined wrd “mnsht” in paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A．A task impssible t cmplete.
B．A fantasy existing in the virtual wrld.
C．A prject extremely tugh t accmplish.
D．A missin prbable t be cmplete withut effrt.
19．What challenge are the researchers facing nw?
A．Hw t btain better csmetic results.
B．Hw t make further prgress in animal studies.
C．Hw t stp the transplanted eye frm being infected.
D．Hw t grw the ptic nerve f the transplanted eye again.
20．What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．James Received Transplanted Eye Perfectly
B．NYU Dctrs Perfrm Wrld’s First Eye Transplant
C．Varius Methds t Treat Different Types f Visin Lss
D．Advances Made in Eye Transplant and Optic Nerve Repair
6.（23-24·河南·阶段练习）
Scientists are nw digging int precisely why exercise hlds s many benefits fr ur mental health and memry. The answer, studies say, lies in ur brain chemistry.
Each time yu wrk up a sweat, yur bdy releases feel-gd happy hrmnes (荷尔蒙), including endrphins, dpamine and endcannabinids, the latter being respnsible fr the s-called runner’s high. Nw researchers are als pinting t mykines (肌肉因子) as an imprtant cntributr t the mental health benefits f exercise. When ur muscles cntract, mykines are released int the bldstream, helping yur muscles and rgans cmmunicate. They think this cmmunicatin increases resilience t stress, reduces symptms f mental suffering and anxiety and has a direct effect n depressin.
A 2021 scientific reprt published in Neurpharmaclgy shwed evidence that mykines bst brain functin, like imprving memry and md. “Mykines reduce systemic inflammatin (炎症), which is especially beneficial fr peple with drug-resistant depressin whse lw md is linked t high inflammatin,” explains Dr Jennifer Heisz, an expert in brain health and assciate prfessr in the department f kinesilgy at McMaster University in Canada.
A recent study published in the British Jurnal f Sprts Medicine shwed that treatment fr depressin can be much mre effective when physical activity is added t the usual care. Participants fund benefits after 12 weeks f exercising fr 30 t 60 minutes a day. “While exercise is nt a replacement fr prfessinal mental health treatment, physical activity can cmplement and enhance the effects f the treatment,” says lead researcher Ben Singh, a research fellw at the University f Suth Australia.
“It is amazing t cnsider hw mving ur bdies can heal ur minds,” says Heisz. Whether yu’re cycling, walking arund yur neighburhd r ding yga, getting sweaty is gd fr yur bdy and mind. T get the biggest verall health bst, the key is t zer in n sprts and activities yu enjy, s yu’ll keep ging back t them.
21．Hw d mykines bst ur mental health?
A．By bnding muscles with rgans.
B．By slwing dwn ur bldstream.
C．By cntracting muscles thrugh the bdy.
D．By releasing happy hrmnes in ur brain.
22．What is Ben Singh’s attitude twards physical activity in treatment fr depressin?
A．Dubtful.B．Negative.
C．UncertainD．Apprving.
23．What des the underlined phrase “zer in n” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Adapt t.B．Give up.
C．Fcus n.D．Put ff.
24．Hw des the authr develp the text?
A．By making cmparisns.
B．By presenting research findings.
C．By ffering suggestins.
D．By cnducting sme experiments.
命题预测
分析近几年高考阅读理解C、D篇可知，高考命题中科普说明文一直都是以压轴题的形式存在，着重考查考生对于语篇的理解能力以及信息处理能力。 题材多样，语篇主要来源于英美主流报刊、杂志和网站。内容涉及科技创新发明、人工智能类、医疗健身健康类、社会与文化研究报告、观念事理类、环境与保护类、动植物研究等多种领域，具有较强的思想性、趣味性、实际功用性和较强的时代感。
从近年全国卷和各地高考试卷中科普类阅读命题的统计来看，高考阅读理解科普类文章的理论性和逻辑性强、生词多、句式结构复杂。六种命题类型都有所体现。命题尊重语篇的文体特征和行文特点，考查了考生理解说明文语篇的能力，以及灵活运用各种阅读策略提取、归纳所读信息的能力，尤其加大了对概括能力和推断能力等高阶思维能力的考查。预测2024年高考对于科普说明文的考查仍然是重点。
高频考法
推理判断题
标题归纳题
细节理解题
词义猜测题