阅读理解20篇(北京名校真题)-2024年中考英语逆袭冲刺名校模拟真题速递(北京专用)

这是一份阅读理解20篇(北京名校真题)-2024年中考英语逆袭冲刺名校模拟真题速递(北京专用)，共37页。

（2024·北京东城·一模）Daisy frgt t set the alarm clck (闹钟) s she had t run t catch the bus. This made her feel tired and rushed when she started her science test. After she handed in her test paper, she was certain that the test had nt gne well. With a heavy heart, she left the classrm.
That afternn, Daisy left schl t wrk part-time at Beckman’s. After she finished her wrk, Mrs. Beckman called her int the ffice. “Daisy,” she said, “yu have been a great wrker. But business has been slw; we have t let yu g.”
Feeling dwn, Daisy left the ffice. As she walked slwly twards her aunt’s huse, she tried t think abut the new hairstyle her aunt had prmised her. When she arrived, Daisy shwed her aunt a picture f the style she wanted.
“Well, yu’re dne. What d yu think?” Her aunt asked abut an hur later.
What Daisy saw in the mirrr left her speechless. It was nthing like the picture! Hw culd she pssibly g t schl again?
The next mrning, putting her things in her lcker, she ran int Ms. Wilsn, her science teacher.
“I knw, Ms. Wilsn, I did very prly n the test. It’s just that I frgt…”
“What are yu talking abut? Daisy, yu did a great jb!” Ms. Wilsn said. “What I wanted t ask yu is if yu wuld be interested in wrking a few days a week after schl as a lab assistant (助手). I need sme help rganizing all the materials.” Daisy happily accepted.
“Daisy!” she heard as the rest f the students began t enter the building. “Where did yu get yur hair dne?” She was s excited abut her test and new jb that she had cmpletely frgtten abut her hair.
“Ww! That is s cl!” she was tld. She culdn’t believe her ears. Everyne lved her hair.
What a cuple f days it had been! Walking hme, she smiled as the radi f a passing car played the sng “What a Difference a Day Makes”.
1．Daisy left the classrm with a heavy heart because ________.
A．she arrived late fr the test
B．she frgt t study fr the test
C．she thught she did prly n the test
D．she had t d her part-time jb after the test
2．Hw did Daisy feel when she first saw her new hairstyle?
A．Disappinted.B．Uninterested.C．Excited.D．Calm.
3．Frm her experience, Daisy prbably learned that ________.
A．it is imprtant t be prepared fr the wrst
B．things are nt always as bad as they seem
C．life is full f challenges and chices
D．hard wrk leads t gd results
（2024·北京东城·一模）Shrt vides have becme increasingly ppular in recent years. These vides are typically shrt in length, lasting frm a few secnds t a few minutes, and ffer a quick supply f entertainment (娱乐) r infrmatin. While these vides may seem harmless, there are wrries abut the effect they can have n the human brain and attentin span (持续时间).
Dpamine is a neurtransmitter (神经递质) that is cnnected with the reward (奖励) center f the brain. When we experience smething pleasurable r rewarding, such as eating a delicius meal r receiving praise, ur brains release (释放) dpamine. This release f dpamine strengthens the behavir that led t the reward, making us mre likely t d that behavir again.
Shrt vides can als make ur brains release dpamine. The quick and easy-t-understand nature f these vides prvides an immediate satisfactin that can be addictive (上瘾的). Each time we watch a vide and experience the pleasure f entertainment r infrmatin, ur brains release dpamine, strengthening the behavir f watching mre vides.
Over time, this cntinuus release f dpamine can lead t a decrease in dpamine receptrs in the brain. This means that it takes mre and mre dpamine t create the same pleasurable sensatin, making it even mre difficult t stp watching shrt vides.
Studies have shwn that t much use f scial media can lead t a decrease in attentin span, and shrt vides may be even mre harmful. The never-ending excitement prvided by these vides can make it difficult fr peple t fcus n tasks that require lasting attentin. This can lead t a decrease in prductivity and a reduced interest in activities that dn’t ffer immediate rewards.
Additinally, these vides can have a bad influence n mental health. Watching an endless stream f shrt vides can lead t feelings f anxiety and stress. Yu might als start t feel bad abut yurself because yu think yu’re nt as gd as the peple in the vides.
Nt all shrt vides are harmful, and they can be a valuable tl fr entertainment and educatin. Hwever, it is imprtant t be mindful f hw lng yu watch these vides and fcus n activities that require full attentin and prvide lng-term rewards.
4．What d yu knw abut dpamine frm the passage?
A．Dpamine makes peple mre attentive.
B．Dpamine keeps us frm repeating things we like.
C．Dpamine influences emtins instead f behavirs.
D．Dpamine is released as a result f pleasurable experiences.
5．What causes peple t increase their behavirs f watching shrt vides?
A．The strng wish t learn new things.
B．The cnvenience f getting shrt vides.
C．The necessity f having scial cmmunicatin.
D．The need t keep the same level f satisfactin.
6．What is the writer’s main purpse in writing this passage?
A．T intrduce hw dpamine wrks in ur brains.
B．T encurage peple t imprve their attentin span.
C．T remind peple t limit their time f watching shrt vides.
D．T explain why shrt vides have becme increasingly ppular.
（2024·北京西城·一模）Have yu ever wndered why yu are gd at nticing things in yur envirnment that are pssibly dangerus? Defensive circuits, ne f ur brain systems, detect (察觉) signs that might suggest threats (威胁) and prepare the bdy t take quick actin, therefre increasing ur chances f staying alive.
Our defensive circuits are always n the lkut fr things that might be threats.
They lk fr certain features f bjects (物体) that make thse bjects stand ut frm the ther things arund them. Objects with these features are given pririty in ur brains; that is, we pay attentin t them befre ther things. S, hw exactly des ur threat detectin wrk?
First, the presence f a feature that culd suggest a threat grabs, r catches, ur attentin very quickly—it is an autmatic (自动的) prcess. Threat detectin happens s quickly because the threat infrmatin des nt have t g all the way arund the crtex (大脑皮层). Yu can think f this as a shrtcut thrugh the brain, which gives us mre time t avid pssible threats.
Once we lk at smething that might be a threat, we ften find lking away t be very difficult—the threatening bject hlds ur attentin. This prcess is als autmatic, and its advantage is that it gives us mre time t cllect additinal details abut the pssible threat. Thse details are imprtant fr understanding whether we are facing a real threat and deciding hw t best deal with the situatin.
After we have recgnized the pssible threat, ur brains must ften make up fr the time we’ve spent examining it-we need t avid paying attentin t the threat, and then we can lk arund and prcess the rest f the envirnment. This can help us find additinal threats, r find a way ut.
Once we detect a threat, the defensive circuits prepare ur bdy t take actin. We make changes t ur emtins (fr example, feeling fear) and bdy functins (such as speeding up ur heartbeat). Tgether, these changes allw us t act prperly in threatening situatins, increasing the likelihd that we will get away withut being harmed.
There are differences between peple n hw easily the defensive system is activated. Sme f us are frightened mre easily than thers, and it takes less t activate the defensive circuits. This, hwever, can be prblematic. Overly sensitive defensive circuits might stp wrking as they shuld when verused.
7．What can we learn abut the defensive circuits?
A．They watch ut fr pssible danger.
B．They help us remember threat features.
C．They prmise us a happy and healthy life.
D．They easily stand ut frm ther brain systems.
8．What d ur brains d t make up fr the time spent examining pssible danger?
A．Create additinal details immediately.
B．Activate a shrtcut thrugh the crtex.
C．Push ur bdy t make lasting changes.
D．Redirect ur attentin t the rest f the envirnment.
9．Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A．Hw des yur brain wrk in varius situatins?
B．What makes us different when it cmes t facing threats?
C．Why are we verly sensitive t certain threatening bjects?
D．What happens in yur brain when yu ntice smething frightening?
（2024·北京东城·一模）Have yu heard f mental tughness? Often talked abut in relatin t sprts, mental tughness is characterized by the ability t always perfrm well under stress. Research has shwn that it is als a useful quality (品质) fr students, with benefits fr schl achievement, classrm behavir, and relatinships with thers.
Hwever, mental tughness is ften misunderstd. It is smetimes related t hiding yur feelings. r nt acknwledging (承认) yur weaknesses, which can harm student well-being, as well as schl perfrmance and scializing.
S, what actually is mental tughness, and hw can it be develped in schls?
Students wh shw mental tughness are aware f (意识到) and able t cntrl their emtins. This helps them t think clearly under stress, n the day f exams fr example. One way t help with this is t encurage students t talk t themselves in a psitive and helpful way. Students may be upset if they dn’t d as well n a task as they hped. By asking themselves questins, such as “What wuld I d differently next time?”, they can stp fcusing n the negatives and direct their attentin twards imprving in the future.
Mental tughness means asking fr help. Many students are t ashamed t d it, fr fear they wuld shw weakness by acknwledging they dn’t understand smething. Hwever, thers actually cnsider it a psitive quality. Recgnizing when they are experiencing difficulties takes curage fr students, but it als shws a willingness t learn and get better.
Mental tughness is als abut being pen t learning, nt being a knw-it-all. Over time, the students wh grw the mst are thse wh like t explre (探索) things, lking fr answers in bks, nline, r by paying attentin t what’s happening arund them. They als wrk tgether, helping each ther with challenges.
What’s mre, mental tughness invlves having a strng sense f self-belief and cnfidence in ne’s abilities. Mentally tugh students have a clear idea f their gals, and their wills t achieve them are unwavering. They are nt easily influenced by thers’ pinins and are willing t step utside f their cmfrt zne t reach their gals.
T create mentally tugh students and classrms, it is imprtant fr teachers themselves t be rle mdels. Teachers can develp their mental tughness in much the same way as students. In rder t develp mental tughness, bth students and teachers shuld recgnize that it is abut having psitive behavirs and attitudes that help them learn and imprve.
10．Yu were mst prbably being mentally tugh when ________.
A．yu kept yur sadness inside withut telling thers
B．yu acted as if yu were ding well with everything
C．yu received praise fr answering a difficult questin
D．yu managed yur nervusness t make a great speech
11．The wrd “unwavering” in Paragraph 7 is clsest in meaning t ________.
A．unshakeableB．unacceptableC．unclearD．uncmmn
12．What can we learn frm the passage?
A．Experiencing difficulties makes students less willing t learn.
B．Mentally tugh students dubt their abilities when facing failure.
C．Mentally tugh students have curisity abut the wrld arund them.
D．High-perfrming students are mre likely t have a gd attitude t learning.
13．Which f the fllwing wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A．Why Is Mental Tughness a Key t Success?
B．What Des Mental Tughness Lk like in Schls?
C．Hw Des Mental Tughness Influence Schl Achievement?
D．Wh Shuld Be Respnsible fr Develping Mental Tughness?
（2024·北京西城·一模）On a Saturday afternn, yur best friend calls yu and says he needs help mving. Yu gladly shw up t help. When yu are dne, he hands yu sme mney, saying “Thanks fr yur help.” The situatin suddenly feels awkward (尴尬的).
Why desn’t direct payment fit the situatin? Accrding t ecnmist Dan Ariely, we live in tw wrlds—ne gverned by scial nrms (规范), and the ther characterized by market nrms. Scial nrms are part f ur scial nature. They include the friendly requests (请求) that peple make f ne anther and immediate payback is nt required. In the secnd wrld, where market nrms make the rules, peple wrk fr mney and get what they pay fr. Market relatinships are nt necessarily bad r mean, but they d suggest cmparable benefits and immediate payments.
When we keep scial nrms and market nrms n their separate paths, things mve alng smthly. Mrever, when scial and market nrms run int each ther, the results are nt satisfying.
There was an experiment invlving daycare center fines. Sme parents wuld arrive late t pick up their children, s fines were intrduced. Hwever, this made mre parents late. Befre the fine was intrduced, parents were srry fr keeping the teachers waiting, and this made them feel cmpelled t arrive n time in the future. But the intrductin f the fine replaced this scial nrm with a market nrm. Parents felt they were paying t be allwed t chse whether they wanted t be late. Even after the center remved the fine, the parents didn’t return t scial nrms and the number f late pick-ups didn’t drp. The result shwed a fact: when a special nrm runs int a market nrm, the scial nrm ges away and seldm returns.
Hwever, des this necessarily mean market nrms always have a bigger effect than scial nrms? Ariely perfrmed an experiment by paying peple $5 (Grup 1) r $0.50 (Grup 2) fr dragging (拖动) circles acrss a cmputer screen fr five minutes. With payment, he expected them t use market nrms in that situatin and act accrdingly. And t Grup 3, he intrduced the task as a scial request, just asking them fr help. The results shwed that Grup 1 dragged n average 159 circles, and Grup 2 dragged abut 101 circles. But the nes wh were paid nthing dragged 168 circles. When peple were paid, mtivatin (动力) and prductivity rse as pay rse, but peple wrked even harder under scial nrms than fr mney, Why? Because peple lve t feel that they have helped thers.
Mney is the mst expensive way t mtivate peple. Scial nrms are nt nly cheaper, but ften mre effective as well. Mney will take yu nly s far—scial nrms are the frces that can make a difference in the lng run.
14．Which f the fllwing examples fits within scial nrms?
A．Paying a friend fr his vluntary help.
B．Fining a wrker because f his mistakes.
C．Offering a neighbr a free ride t the airprt.
D．Returning a prduct t get yur mney back.
15．The wrds “feel cmpelled t” in Paragraph 4 mst prbably mean ________.
A．remain unwilling tB．think it necessary t
C．be afraid tD．find it easy t
16．What can we learn abut Dan Ariely’s experiment in Paragraph 5?
A．Ariely expected peple t help each ther t cmplete the task.
B．The result suggested wh shuld receive the highest payment.
C．Peple in the experiment acted accrding t the same nrms.
D．The experiment shwed the effects f the tw nrms.
17．Accrding t the passage, the writer prbably agrees that _________.
A．scial nrms can play a great rle in sciety
B．market nrms aren’t effective as they used t be
C．better perfrmance smetimes leads t lwer pay
D．peple shuld replace market nrms with scial nrms
（2024·北京通州·一模）Sharing yur pinins is fun when everyne else agrees with yu. But what abut when they dn’t? N ne likes feeling like the strange ne ut, and these days it seems like peple with unppular pinins are mre likely t get shunned (回避). Des that mean yu shuld change yur pinins t cnfrm (符合) t the majrity’s beliefs? Of curse nt. Here’s what yu shuld d.
Say it, but dn’t push it
We all have ideas that we want t share. But dn’t try t cnvince (说服) ther peple that yur pinin is the best idea r the nly idea they shuld have. Stand yur grund, but dn’t be cndescending (居高临下的).
Be respectful f ther peple’s pinins, t
It’s nt nly yu wh need t express an pinin. Everyne shuld have the chance, and yu shuld give them that chance. When peple share their thughts, be pen t them and dn’t bring them dwn fr unppular pinins.
Agree t disagree
Smetimes, we have t accept the fact that we wn’t agree n everything. When yur pinins clash (冲突), make sure that it ends there. Dn’t have any arguments r negative feelings. Agree t disagree when there’s n ther way fr yu.
Unppular pinins can rck the bat when it cmes t cnversatins. But they can be the best cnversatin tpics. Having an unppular pinin is hard, but it desn’t have t ruin yur relatinships r yur self-esteem (自尊). With the right way, yu can stand firm (坚定地) in yur beliefs, even when yu feel like thers dn’t share them.
Yu can share a different idea n the tpic. Be sure nt t be s surprised when smene desn’t agree with yu. It is an unppular pinin, after all. Learning hw t handle having an unppular pinin is imprtant if yu want t be able t share yur pinin respectfully and effectively, and yu dn’t want t feel emtinally islated (孤立的) because f yur pinin.
18．What can we learn frm the passage?
A．We shuld use ur pinins t challenge thers’ pinins.
B．We shuld try ur best t make ur friends accept ur ideas.
C．When we share ur pinins, we shuld stp thers frm talking.
D．When it’s hard t accept different pinins, we shuld set them aside.
19．The wrds “rck the bat” in Paragraph 5 prbably mean “______”.
A．bring benefitsB．draw away attentinC．make trubleD．win supprt
20．What is the passage mainly abut?
A．The cllectin f unppular pinins.B．Ways t deal with unppular pinins.
C．The imprtance f unppular pinins.D．Benefits f having unppular pinins.
（2024·北京通州·一模）We all experience different levels f stress, and we can manage a certain amunt f it while still feeling cmfrtable and fulfilled. But everywhere yu lk tday, sme peple are stressed ut. Why d peple seem t have mre stress?
Many researchers agree that stress cmes dwn t the larger number f tasks and ur higher expectatins.
But we believe there is mre t cnsider. The attitudes twards the tasks can als influence the level f stress. An attitude is the way that yu think and feel abut things. Bad attitudes twards the tasks can slw dwn the management f the tasks. Sme peple may be verwhelmed (压倒) by their grwing list f t-d items. This can lead t anxiety. Fr many, anxiety can be painful. Fr sme, anxiety can be s painful that they may avid tasks big and small. Avidance can lead t an expanding list f unfinished tasks. When sme ne reminds us t face what we have nt cmpleted r when a new pressure has been added, the burden (负担) becmes t much. Fr example, if smene tells us tmrrw is the deadline f ur prjects r a new ne is given t us, we are facing the accumulatin (积累) f stress.
One f the elements that influence attitudes is emtins. Emtins are pwerful internal (内部的) experiences that influence attitudes and behavirs by shaping ideas, evaluatins, and decisin-making prcesses. Pleasant emtins tend t prmte psitive attitudes, while unpleasant emtins can lead t negative attitudes. Furthermre, negative emtins will reduce the thinking prcess that is necessary t handle stress. Fr example, shame ver unfinished prjects r unmet expectatins can push us dwn, and negative judgment can create a lack f self-belief, which can affect perfrmance and the verall management f stress.
When yu’re stressed ut and have a bad attitude n tp f that stress, yu will feel that even the simplest tasks are bring and impssible t d, which can increase yur stress level. But if we want t have less stress n ur tasks, it’s time t have prper attitudes.
21．Yu will mst prbably experience the accumulatin f stress when yu ______.
A．leave yur tasks t the last minute
B．have cmfrtable feelings at schl
C．have psitive attitudes twards yur wrk
D．are able t finish yur hmewrk crrectly every day
22．Why des the writer talk abut anxiety in Paragraph 3?
A．T prvide examples f the grwing list.
B．T shw a new way t face the stress.
C．T help us knw the imprtance f the tasks.
D．T explain the relatinship between attitudes and stress.
23．What d yu knw abut the attitudes and emtins frm the passage?
A．Emtins are a kind f behavirs guided by attitudes.
B．Pleasant emtins can lead t negative attitudes.
C．Emtins are easier t change than attitudes.
D．Attitudes are affected by emtins.
24．The writer prbably agrees that ______.
A．psitive attitudes can help peple feel less stressed
B．peple can change attitudes by bserving peple arund them
C．high expectatin is a key part f effective stress management
D．peple have pleasant emtins when they fall behind n tasks
（2024·北京通州·一模）When I was 13, I was ging t visit my grandfather in Lancashire. My aunt made me sandwiches fr the rad. They wuld keep me ging until I reached the airprt.
As I gt nt the bus, I was s thankful t find a windw seat. When I sat there, I saw an ld man watching me. “Excuse me? Can I sit here?” His vice was deep.
“Yes, f curse!” I said. He lked kind f nervus, r tired. He let ut a sigh (叹气) and relaxed a bit in his seat.
“Hi, I’m Tny.” I said as I gave him my right hand t shake.
“Gerge.” He lked at me fr a cuple f secnds befre accepting my hand.
He was friendly and we talked abut this trip. I knew he was 70 and headed t Birmingham t visit his sn and grandchildren. I tld him abut my grandfather, and we bth seemed t relax.
Our cnversatin was rudely interrupted by my stmach. I tk ut a sandwich and tk a big bite. I nticed Gerge was watching me eating. He prbably was hungry.
“Wuld yu eat with me?” I said as I handed him my secnd sandwich.
“N, n, I dn’t want t eat yur fd. Yu will need that fr yur next cach.”
“N, I wn’t. I will eat again n the plane. Plus, I dn’t really like eating alne.” The determinatin (决心) n my face must have been very persuasive (有说服力的), because after a mment’s hesitatin (犹豫), he ndded his head weakly and accepted the sandwich.
After eating, I decided that I shuld have a nap. I had an hur t kill befre we reached Birmingham.
The sudden tap (轻拍) n my shulder made me pen my eyes. It was Gerge. He tld me we had reached Birmingham. I said, “Nice t meet yu, Gerge. I hpe yu have a great time with yur family.”
As I extended (伸出) my hand fr a final handshake, he nt nly tk it, but cupped it in bth his hands. “Thank yu fr being s kind t me. Safe travels.” He said and turned arund t get ff the bus.
I didn’t knw what he walked away with that day, but I walked away with a sense f satisfactin. His wrds “Thank yu fr being s kind t me” kept ringing in my ears and I kept smiling t myself.
25．Tny met Gerge n the ______ t Birmingham.
A．trainB．planeC．shipD．bus
26．Tny ______ Gerge during the trip.
A．fund a seat frB．shared his fd with
C．listened t music withD．had a sudden tap n the shulder f
27．Tny had a sense f satisfactin because ______.
A．his aunt made him sandwiches fr the radB．Gerge was friendly and had a nice family
C．his kindness made Gerge feel warmD．he culd see his grandparents
（2024·北京大兴·一模）The Greatest Gift
On Christmas Eve, Gerge fund himself n a bridge utside his hmetwn. He was sad because he thught his life had been a cmplete waste. In this hpeless mment, a mysterius man appeared. The man wndered why Gerge was here instead f staying with his family. Gerge tld him he disliked his simple life in the small twn. Gerge believed he was just an insignificant banker with a family ding the same thing every day. Withut any achievement, Gerge wished he had never been brn at all. Hping t teach him a lessn, the man granted (满足) Gerge his wish.
After the man disappeared, Gerge traveled back t twn. Nthing appeared ut f place until he walked by Hank Biddle’s tree. The tree shuld have been damaged (毁坏) frm the time Gerge ran his car int it. But in this mment, the tree lked like it hadn’t been hit. In fact, he remembered clearly that he had run his car int it. Sn, Gerge discvered the twn he knew s well didn’t knw him at all-because he had never been brn.
As Gerge walked arund twn, he nticed he was a stranger t everyne. Nt nly that, Gerge learned that the lives f his friends and family had taken a turn fr the wrse. Fr ne, Gerge’s jb as a banker was replaced by anther man. Because the new banker was greedy (贪婪的), many peple’s lives were negatively affected.
Withut Gerge, the lives f his family members were als disturbed. Gerge learned that his belved brther, whm he had nce saved frm drwning (溺水), died because Gerge was nt there t save him. The death f Gerge’s brther cntinued t bring huge sadness t their parents. Gerge als fund ut that Alice, the lve f his life, ended up in a difficult marriage with smene else.
Gerge realized these dark changes might stay frever unless he did smething. He returned t the bridge t find the man and begged fr his life back. Once again, his wish was granted. Gerge raced back hme t hug Alice and their children n Christmas. He realized that life was truly the greatest and mst wnderful gift.
28．What did Gerge think f his life befre he met the mysterius man?
A．Wnderful.B．Busy.C．Hpeful.D．Simple.
29．When Gerge returned t the twn, he fund ________.
A．everyne treated him as a stranger
B．his parents were sad abut his death
C．his brther saved a persn
D．he became a greedy banker
30．After the Christmas, Gerge wuld ________.
A．feel bred with his lifeB．value his life and family mre
C．race hme faster than befreD．beg the mysterius man fr mney
（2024·北京大兴·一模）Clean electricity is the pwer f the future, but engineers are facing a big challenge. Hw can we stre electricity t be used at times when the wind is nt blwing and the sun is nt shining? In sme cases, the answer will be batteries; but in ther cases, it culd cme frm a variety f different slutins—starting with gravity.
Gravity is the mst abundant surce f pwer n Earth. It’s always been everywhere since the beginning f time. Nbdy knew abut it until arund 1700, when Isaac Newtn saw an apple fall frm a tree in his garden. Newtn asked himself the questin: “Why did that apple fall t the grund?” And he sn wrked ut the answer. Everything will fall t the grund if it can d s, because there is a massive frce that pulls things twards the center f the earth. Newtn decided t call this frce “gravity”, a wrd that then just meant “weight”.
Engineers have used gravity as a surce f pwer fr centuries, lng befre Newtn first explained it. In particular, they used gravity t mve water frm ne place t anther t irrigate (灌溉) fields and bring water t cities. They knew that water wuld flw dwnhill, but never uphill, s they built structures t use the frce f gravity mst effectively.
In 1907, engineers in Switzerland first used gravity fr a new purpse: t stre energy. They pumped (用泵抽送) water up a hill, where they stred it in a lake. Then when they needed mre electricity, they let the water cme back dwn the hill, driving electric turbines (涡轮机) as it fell. The idea was just s simple, and it is nw used in many parts f the wrld. Hwever, the prblem is that “pumped strage” hydr schemes (抽水蓄能水电方案) can’t be built just anywhere, as they need lts f water and big hills r muntains.
Sme experts believe that gravity systems are the cheapest way t stre electricity. Gravity-stred electricity is maybe half the price f battery-stred electricity, but even s it is nt cheap. In rder t make gravity mre effective, we wuld need t increase its frce—and that, f curse, is quite impssible. Yet gravity is nt the nly way f string energy, and engineers are wrking n systems that stre it using water pressure r cmpressed air... and even sand!
Strage is ne f the big scientific challenges f ur time, as strage is the essential partner f wind pwer and slar pwer. We need clean electricity 24 hurs a day, nt just when the sun is shining r the wind is blwing.
31．The wrd “abundant” in Paragraph 2 prbably means ________.
A．expensiveB．envirnmentalC．famusD．plentiful
32．Frm the passage, we can knw that ________.
A．gravity systems are the cheapest way t stre electricity
B．“pumped strage” hydr schemes can be built n small hills
C．engineers in Switzerland first stred energy by using gravity creatively
D．experts have already made gravity mre effective by increasing its frce
33．Why des the authr write this passage?
A．T tell the stry f finding gravity.
B．T shw the imprtance f gravity.
C．T call n peple t use clean electricity.
D．T intrduce a gd way t stre electricity.
（23-24九年级上·北京顺义·期末）We see space explratin updates in the news almst every week nw. This is great fr thse wh want a future like in science fictin mvies. On the ther hand, sme believe space explratin is nt necessary because there are a few reasnable cns t it. S, read further t see what the space explratin prs and cns (利弊) are.
It’s true that space explratin technlgies are cstly and cnsume many resurces (资源). Only launching space explratin satellites takes at least $ 40 millin per launch and can g fr as much as $400 millin. Analyzing sme space explratin facts, we are aware that space explring csts a lt. While the UN says $30 billin culd end wrld hunger, NASA is being ffered a lt every year. And this is a gd argument fr thse wh are against space explratin.
While space explratin is highly imprtant fr learning abut wh we are, sme are wrried abut what it can d t humanity. Cuntries can use their space crafts and satellites t cllect infrmatin abut ther cuntries they’re in cnflict (冲突) with. Obviusly, this can lead t tensins between cuntries and eventually t wars.
Anther issue that space explratin brings is that it causes a great danger fr astrnauts. NASA mentins in an article hw damaging csmic radiatin (宇宙辐射) is fr the human bdy because it can damage the nervus system bth badly and in the lng run. Besides, csmic radiatin sickness causes extreme tiredness, nausea (恶心), anrexia, and vmiting. Frm this pint f view, space explratin des put ur astrnauts at great risks. Hwever, preventive measures are taken, and their health is kept in check thrugh intensive training and daily checkups.
While all previusly mentined bservatins are very gd and make great pints, space explratin still has mre benefits than negative effects. It allws us t develp ur technlgies, which are already advanced thanks t space explratin. Mrever, by explring space, we can discver new resurces that we culd use t better ur lives here n Earth. And anther thing is certain as well: we culdn’t build a better future fr ur children withut space explratin.
34．What is the purpse f Paragraph 2?
A．T prve NASA spends t much mney.
B．T raise mre mney fr space explratin.
C．T shw space explratin is highly imprtant.
D．T stress the disadvantage f space explratin.
35．What can we learn frm the passage?
A．Space explratin can lead t wars between cuntries.
B．Csmic radiatin can cause ttally physical pain t astrnauts.
C．The prblem f wrld hunger can be slved by space explratin.
D．Thrugh space explratin we can give ur children a better future.
36．The writer prbably agrees that ________.
A．it is necessary t explre space
B．csmic radiatin is harmful t astrnauts
C．it is easy t discver new resurces n Earth
D．space explratin csts $400 millin every year
（23-24九年级上·北京海淀·期末）In the face f all kinds f changes in nature and life, ur survival and develpment have been clsely tied t ur cmplexity. An idea called self-cmplexity refers t peple’s thughts abut their different rles. It is the key t a strng and lasting identity (the sense f self) which can help us g thrugh unexpected changes we all face. With self-cmplexity, peple have develped varius parts t their identities. Fr example, imagine a wman wh sees herself as student, wife, daughter and tennis player and wh has a wide variety f life experiences. Scial scientists wuld say that she has high self-cmplexity. On the ther hand, a man wh regards himself nly as a student r nly as a member f the hckey team and wh has limited life experiences wuld be said t have lw self-cmplexity. Fr thse with high self-cmplexity, the varius parts f the self are separate. This means the psitive and negative thughts abut a certain part f the self wn’t affect (影响) thughts abut ther parts.
A large bdy f research shws that if yu depend t much n any ne part f the self, yu will becme fragile. When ne’s identity cnnects t clsely with the nly ne part that he cares deeply, then ne will easily get stressed and burnt ut when unexpected changes appear. This is especially true fr an athlete during perids f change when his main—and all t ften, nly—sense f identity feels at risk. Yet while it may be heightened fr athletes, it’s a pattern that hlds true in all walks f life: if yu want t be excellent and experience smething fully, then yu’ve gt t g all in, but nly t a pint.
If yur identity becmes t invlved in any ne part, then yu are likely t suffer when things change. S what yu need t d is t challenge yurself t put the varius parts f yur identity int a whle. This allws yu t emphasize (强调) and reemphasize certain parts f yur identity at different perids f time. The result is a fluid (流动的) sense f self.
Develping a fluid sense f self desn’t mean yu can be careless r just d things withut effrt. Caring deeply abut the peple, activities, and prjects yu lve is undubtedly the key t a rich and meaningful life. The prblem is nt caring deeply; it is when yur identity is t clsely fixed t any single gal.
37．Which mst prbably shws yu have high self-cmplexity?
A．Yu cmplete yur science prject with music n.
B．Yu turn t the peple arund yu when in truble.
C．Yu make an effrt t imprve English thrugh practice.
D．Yu keep a balance between schlwrk and sprts training.
38．The wrd “fragile” in Paragraph 3 prbably means “________”.
A．cldB．lazyC．weakD．careless
39．What can we learn frm the passage?
A．Mst peple get stressed ut mre easily than athletes.
B．A strng identity cmes frm ging all in fr a single gal.
C．Ding well in ne area betters ther parts f a persn’s identity.
D．Develping a fluid sense f self helps deal with unexpected changes.
40．What’s the writer’s main purpse in writing this passage?
A．T intrduce different ways t face challenges.
B．T stress the imprtance f trying hard in ne area.
C．T remind us t care abut varius parts f the self.
D．T discuss the meaning f a strng and lasting identity.
（23-24九年级上·北京海淀·期末）
It was a cld and cludy afternn at the end f winter. I put n my hckey pads, picked up my bag and ran twards the car. My heart was racing because I was getting ready t try ut fr the Bstn Junir Team.
“Dad,” as we drve, I said, “I’m really nervus. Will I make it?”
“Yu’ll d fine, Emily,” he said t me cmfrtingly. “I knw what kind f player yu are. N matter what, give yur all.”
“OK,” I answered.
When I arrived at the rink (冰场), I greeted sme friends wh were als trying ut. I tied my skates and carefully stepped ut nt the ice. After a while, we were divided int tw teams, and the match started. I tried t stay fcused but still felt nervus. I messed up a few times. Smetimes I passed t early, tk a bad sht, r didn’t make a play I prbably shuld have. I felt like my skates had minds f their wn, but I remembered what my dad said: I shuld give my all. I kept trying t make the best play pssible. My dad’s wrds pushed me t keep ging.
After the match, sme players were pleased, while thers seemed t be in the same situatin as me, feeling like their playing was awful. I gt hme and tld my parents that I didn’t think I wuld make the team, and I went t sleep withut dinner.
As I was eating breakfast the next mrning, my mther, t my surprise, walked int the kitchen with a wide smile n her face.
“The cach just emailed me. Yu’ve made it!”she said excitedly.
I was s relieved (如释重负) and shcked at the same time. I gt up and hugged her, then read the email fr myself, still unable t believe it was true.
That day, I realized that I may nt be the mst talented persn there, but if I try my hardest, I can d anything.
41．Hw did the writer feel befre the match started?
A．Cnfident.B．Excited.C．Nervus.D．Angry.
42．During the match, Emily ________.
A．made sme mistakesB．talked with her father again
C．asked her cach fr helpD．brke her skates by accident
43．Frm her experience, Emily learned abut ________.
A．the value f talentB．the pwer f putting in full effrt
C．the strength f teamwrkD．the imprtance f planning ahead
（23-24九年级上·北京海淀·期末）
Befre the inventin f air-cnditining, suthern China’s skywells played a key rle in keeping peple’s hmes cl. Culd they d it again tday?
A skywell, r “tian jing”, is a typical feature (特色) f a traditinal hme in suthern and eastern China, which can date back t Ming and Qing dynasties. A skywell is almst always in the center f a huse. It is enclsed by rms n fur sides r three sides plus a wall. It acts as a transitinal (过渡的) space between indr life and the utdr envirnment.
Skywells were designed t cl buildings. When wind blws abve a skywell huse, it can enter the indr space thrugh the pening. As the cl utdr air travels dwn the walls t the lwer streys, it replaces warmer indr air, enabling the bttm f the skywell t stay cl. Even when there is n natural wind, air circulatin (循环) still takes place, because the temperature is different between the tp and bttm f the skywell. Mrever, anther part f the cling effect cmes frm the evapratin (蒸发) f water. Peple cllect rainwater in their skywells, and when the water evaprates, it cls ht air.
Tday, althugh fewer and fewer peple live in skywell huses, sme designers take a new interest in the traditinal Chinese buildings. They are getting creative ideas frm skywells t help keep new buildings cler. One example is the Natinal Heavy Vehicle Engineering Technlgy Research Centre in Jinan, which was cmpleted in 2022. The 18-strey glass-walled twer blck has a huge skywell in the middle, frm the fifth t the tp flr. The lifts, tilets and meeting rms are all set arund the skywell, which helps imprve the lighting and air circulatin f the building and cut the verall use f energy.
Althugh ancient “green wisdm” like skywells has caught mre attentin f mdern Chinese peple, there are sme challenges fr bringing skywells int mdern designs. Fr ne thing, traditinal skywells highly depend n their natural cnditins, like hw much sunlight r rainfall in the area, s adding skywells int mdern buildings requires designers t fully cnsider their prjects’ situatins. Meanwhile, lighting, air cnditining and water supply have becme s cnvenient that we depend n them with little care abut the envirnmental cst. S it wn’t be easy t be green by learning frm the past withut cnsidering ur present behaviurs.
44．What d we knw abut skywells?
A．Skywells are typical in western China.
B．Skywells are enclsed by glass n fur sides.
C．Natural wind is kept ut f the huse by skywells.
D．Water evapratin in skywells takes the heat away.
45．Why des the writer mentin the 18-strey glass-walled twer blck in Paragraph 4?
A．T shw that skywell design can be creatively used in mrdern buildings.
B．T prve that mdern skywells are different frm the traditinal nes.
C．T present hw glass walls can imprve the lighting f buildings.
D．T explain why fewer and fewer peple live in skywell huses.
46．Which f the fllwing wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A．Skywells: A Traditinal Design t Be Prtected
B．Skywells: Ancient Wisdm fr Mdern Times
C．Skywells: A Green Structure t Be Imprved
D．Skywells: Mdern Technlgy fr City Lives
（23-24九年级上·北京门头沟·期末）Students Raise Mney fr Baseball Team
Tw years ag, high schl students Michael Pinsky and David Cnnr read an article in a newspaper abut a schl in Harlem, a neighbrhd in New Yrk City. The schl had a baseball team, but n mney t buy the baseball equipment.
Michael and David had an idea. They decided t help the team get mney fr the equipment they needed. S the tw bys started a prject t raise mney fr the baseball team. They called the prject “Hme Runs fr Harlem.” They placed bxes in stres t cllect mney fr the team and sld bracelets (手镯；手链) with the wrds “Hme Runs fr Harlem” n them. Their plan was t cllect mney t supprt the team.
Michael and David’s prject was a great success. They raised ver $9, 000. The team bught the equipment they needed: glves, baseballs and bats. The schl als used sme f the mney t pay a baseball cach.
After the schl in Harlem received the mney, Michael and David spke t the students at the schl, and David explained why this was a dream cme true. “It’s nt just abut me,” he says. “It’s fr ther peple. It’s fr the cmmunity.”
“I just hpe they have a fun time playing baseball, and if they can have the equipment, then that just helps ut,” says David. David and Michael nw plan t raise mney fr ther baseball teams in Harlem.
Fr their passinate and inspiring effrts t supprt schl baseball prgrams, the tw teenagers were New Yrkers f the Week n ne f New Yrk’s news statins.
47．A schl in Harlem had n mney t buy _______ fr their baseball team.
A．newspapers and magazinesB．the baseball equipment
C．baseballs and news statinsD．bxes and bracelets
48．Michael and David’s plan was t _______.
A．write an article in a newspaper
B．shw their success t the team
C．sell things t pay a basketball cach
D．cllect mney t supprt the team
49．What made Michael and David New Yrkers f the Week?
A．Their effrts t help the schl baseball prgrams.
B．Their creatin f bracelets with wrds n them.
C．Their prgrams fr their news statins and schl.
D．Their successful prject n hw t raise mney.
（23-24九年级上·北京门头沟·期末）On Nv. 11, an Australia jckey gt hurt after his hrse “brke dwn” during a hrse race in Hng Kng. Thugh the jckey is safe nw, his hrse is nt s lucky. Since the hrse’s leg injury wuld lead t its death, vets killed it in frnt f audience n the spt.
Falling ff a hrse at high speed has a big risk f injury. Yu can say it’s the jckey’s chice t take part in the sprt. But what abut the hrses?
This is nt the first time that animals have been harmed because f animal entertainment-related sprts. Fr example, abut 180,000 bulls are killed in bullfights arund the wrld, with many mre injured in bullfight events every year, accrding t Human Sciety Internatinal, an rganizatin imprving the human-animal relatinship glbally. Hunters sht mre than 800 lins in Suth Africa.
T help these animals, animal lvers have started many campaigns, which seem t be taking effect. In June, Churchill Dwns, the site f the famus Kentucky Derby in the US, stpped all hrse racing which was t run t July 3. Circuses (马戏团) using animals have been banned (禁止) by many cuntries arund the wrld in recent years due t animal welfare wrries, accrding t the website Fur Paws.
Animals play an imprtant part in ur lives and are mre than tls fr sprts and entertainment. The human-animal bnd can be seen in all kinds f places. Service animals can help peple in their jbs and animals are als used t help and care fr peple with illnesses and wh have experienced abuse (虐待).
“We can have ur sprts, drinks, lively parties, and beautiful hats but we can leave the animals ut f it,” reprted Vx.
50．Frm Paragraph 3, we knw that __________.
A．animals are hurt r even die in animal entertainment
B．many peple hunt wild animals fr fun r persnal use
C．animal entertainment-related sprts are ppular
D．the number f bulls and lins ges dwn quickly
51．What is the pinin f the website Fur Paws?
A．Hrses have been banned frm participating in races in many cuntries.
B．Animal welfare cncerns are helpful t stp using animals fr fun and sprts.
C．Circuses using animals and animal-related sprts are ppular fr entertainment.
D．Bullfights shuld be banned and bulls can help peple in their jbs and life.
52．Accrding t Vx, animal entertainment-related sprts are __________.
A．excitingB．necessaryC．avidableD．meaningless
（23-24九年级上·北京门头沟·期末）Mst f us cannt imagine mdern life withut scial media. We use it almst every day in rder t keep up with what is happening in ur friends’ lives r find ut the latest infrmatin. Althugh it has a bad influence if we dn’t use it prperly, scial media has dne mre gd than harm.
The greatest advantage is that we can cnnect with peple much mre easily. We are still able t keep in tuch with ur friends if they are far away. With scial media, friendship ges beynd gegraphy. We’re able t find friends ld and new. Als, it makes it easier fr us t make friends, especially fr thse wh are afraid f making friends face t face. Are yu shy? If yes, scial media has prbably helped.
Scial media is als ideal (理想的) fr making yurself heard. Anyne with a vice can express it. Anyne with a talent is free t shw it. Everyne is the new cntent (内容) creatr. Mrever, anyne with a smartphne and the Internet can be a reprter. As a result, it has becme much faster t cver the news than ever befre.
Scial media, n the ther hand, can make us less cnfident smetimes. A study published by the Public Library f Science, fund that the mre a persn uses scial media, the sadder he feels abut his wn life. One reasn fr this is that peple arund us put clurful infrmatin and perfect pictures nline in rder t shw ff their best mment. S we ften get a distrted sense f hw wnderful their lives are cmpared t ur wn.
Scial media des nt cause sadness; it simply prvides anther tl fr us t use. Is it gd r bad? Nbel Peace Prize winner Malala Yusafzai says, “What is interesting is the pwer and influence f scial media ... We must try t use scial media in a gd way.” After all, yu decide hw yu use this pwerful tl.
53．What can we learn abut scial media frm the passage?
A．We use scial media t nly recrd ur best side.
B．We can use scial media t find ut the shiest friends.
C．Scial media can help peple cnnect with thers mre easily.
D．Everyne can be a reprter in the Public Library f Science.
54．The wrd “distrted” in Paragraph 4 prbably means ________.
A．clearB．differentC．simpleD．incrrect
55．Which picture shws the structure (结构) f the passage? (①=Paragraph 1, ...)
A．B．C．D．
56．Which f the fllwing can be the best title f the passage?
A．Scial Media: T Create Or Nt T Create?
B．Scial Media: Our Friend Or Enemy?
C．Scial Media: Cnnecting the Wrld
D．Scial Media: Making Yurself Heard
（23-24九年级上·北京顺义·期末）Sme parents and sme students feel that the study f English literature is misguided and disadvantageus t students, particularly if they are secnd language learners f English. Hwever, there are still gd reasns fr the study f English literature.
Students f English language smetimes fail t see the pint f studying English literature, especially if they have n plans t study English r translatin at university. But English literature can intrduce students t many aspects (方面), nt nly the English language but als the culture f English-speaking cuntries.
There are aspects f English culture that summarized by English literature. Of curse,this is quite evident (明显的) when we are studying the wrks f Shakespeare r f writers, pets and playwrights f the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. It is, hwever, als true when we are studying ther wrks f English literature. Students can learn abut gd stries and references t different aspects f English culture. They can als learn the cntext (背景) and meanings f famus qutes and phrases.
Studying literature des nt cnfine the students t the traditins f England but includes the pssibility f intrducing them t traditins which influence English literature, such as the study f Ancient Greek drama, and t literature in ther cntexts, such as American literature. The enjyment and appreciatin f literature will give students the ability t develp this int an interest in bks and reading as they mve away frm their studies and int the adult lives. They will have the cnfidence t apprach and deal with new frms f bks and writing.
When studying literature, students can learn nt nly language aspects such as vcabulary but als the language aspects which can be used fr specific purpses. Fr example, if the students are familiar with the cncepts f the beat and rhythm f English pems, they can imprve their wn writing as they are able t appreciate and apply these ideas.
Finally, the study f literature can prvide students with a fresh and creative angle, frm which the students can deal with their studies in particular and their lives in general. S the next time yu are reading a newspaper article cmplaining f the lack f creativity and initiative (主动性) in the lcal wrkfrce, remember that in a small way the study f English literature can help t add a refreshing and further dimensin t a persn’s life.
57．The wrd “cnfine” in Paragraph 4 is clsest in meaning t ________.
A．adviseB．warnC．limitD．require
58．The writer prbably agrees that the study f English literature ________.
A．has a lng-lasting influence n students
B．is misguided and has mre disadvantages
C．is nt necessary fr secnd language learners
D．nly allws the students t learn traditins f England
59．What can we learn frm the passage?
A．Schls fail t care abut students’ need.
B．English culture is clsely related t English literature.
C．Learning English literature can make students smarter.
D．The mre yu read literature wrks, the mre yu cmplain.
60．Which f the fllwing wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A．Why We Learn English Literature
B．The Needs f Students and Parents
C．What We Knw abut English Culture
D．English Culture and English Literature
（23-24九年级上·北京顺义·期末）A Little Imaginatin Makes a Difference
Susan had finished her hmewrk and was ging t paint a picture f the stairs. It was fr a cmpetitin in schl the next day.
When her father reminded her it was almst time fr bed, Susan said,“I’ll be quick but I wnder what clr t use?”
“Well, ur stairs are brwn” said her father.“Thanks, Dad.” said Susan. When she finished her picture, Susan began playing with her brush which was still wet. Suddenly, she drpped the brush right n the picture! There in the middle f her picture was a blb (污点) f brwn paint!
“Oh, Dad! What shall I d?” Susan cried. “My picture is ruined. And it’s t late t paint anther.”
“Let me see,” said her father. “The blb lks just like...”
“Ww, I have an idea!” cried Susan. She drew a dg arund the blb f brwn paint.
“Wnderful! Yu knw, few things are as bad as they are seen at first. With a little imaginatin yu can turn bad int gd.” said Susan’s father.
The next day Susan went t schl early. When the cmpetitin began, Mr.King said, “I’ve chsen three pictures, and I want yu t say which ne yu like best.” The children did nt like the first ne. The next picture was n black paper, but the stairs were red. S it was nt s gd. Then Mr. King shwed the third painting. It was Susan’s!
“The stairs are straight.” said Je.
“Yes, and the brwn paint shws up well n the white paper.” said Lucy. “The little dg seems t belng there.” said Terry.
The children vted and Susan’s painting wn.
“Susan had a gd idea,” Mr. King said. “That little dg finished a gd painting. It made the stairs seem real.”
Susan smiled. She culd hardly wait t tell her father the news. He was right. With a little imaginatin yu can turn smething bad int smething gd!
61．When Susan finished her picture, she ________·
A．went t bed early
B．played with her dg
C．drew a blb in the picture
D．drpped the brush n the picture
62．Susan wn the cmpetitin because f ________.
A．her stairs
B．her brush
C．her imaginatin
D．her white paper
63．Accrding t the passage,we can learn that ________.
A．fathers always lve their children
B．never give up when we face difficulties
C．mst things are as bad as they are seen
D．we can turn bad int gd with imaginatin
（23-24九年级上·北京丰台·期末）Peple with the grwth mindset (思维形式) believe that intelligence (智力) r skill, can be develped thrugh effrt. Basically, they believe that anyne can develp their abilities in anything.
The ppsitin f the grwth mindset is the fixed mindset. Peple with this believe that intelligence and skill are innate: it’s smething that we’re brn with. We’re either brn gifted r nt; there is n rm fr change. Basically, they believe intelligence is fixed frm birth.
All f us are a mixture f bth the grwth and fixed mindsets. In sme areas f ur lives, we perate with the grwth mindset. In thers, we perate with the fixed mindset. Because f this, we all wear bth in different situatins in ur lives. Althugh, we shuld all try t wear the grwth nes much mre than we wear the fixed nes. But, why?
A lt f research seems t suggest that peple with the grwth mindset are mre successful than peple with the fixed mindset. Fr example, a study fund that students wh held a grwth mindset were three times mre likely t scre in the tp 20% n the test, while students with a fixed mindset were fur times mre likely t scre in the bttm 20%. Anther study fund that when 7th graders participated in a grwth mindset prgram, they were able t avid a drp in grades which usually happens in middle schl.
Peple with the grwth mindset are much mre resilient (有适应力的) which allws them t deal with challenging and difficult situatins. Because they priritize (优先考虑) learning ver failure, peple with the fixed mindset dn’t, want t challenge themselves because they believe talent and intelligence are fixed. They lk at failure as an assault (攻击), failure nce means failure always.
We knw that the brain can cntinue t learn until the day we die, thanks t the field f neurscience (神经科学). It als seems quite clear that peple must wrk hard and keep trying even when they meet difficulties if they want t be successful. S the grwth mindset seems t be a much mre crrect view f reality than the fixed mindset. Peple with the grwth mindset are living in greater accrdance (符合) with relality than peple with the fixed mindset. They can make truer decisins while a persn with the fixed mindset lives in a greater state f delusin (妄想). S, nw yu knw why the grwth mindset is imprtant. Keep in mind that it takes a lt f effrt t develp and that it will always be a hard fight t a avid falling int the fixed mindset.
64．Peple with the grwth mindset ________.
A．think learning and develping are mre imprtant
B．believe they are brn with intelligence and skill
C．are afraid f making mistakes and taking risks
D．are less likely t deal with difficult situatins
65．The wrd “innate” in Paragraph 2 prbably means “ ________”.
A．changeableB．naturalC．trainableD．grwing
66．The writer prbably agrees that ________.
A．if peple fail nce in their life, they may never becme successful
B．if peple perate with tw mindsets, they are mre likely t succeed
C．if peple can challenge themselves, they will have intelligence and skill
D．if peple understand the real wrld crrectly, they may make true decisins
67．What’s the writer’s main purpse in writing this passage?
A．T intrduce the ways t develp mindsets.
B．T discuss why peple have different mindsets.
C．T cmpare the grwth mindset with the fixed mindset.
D．T encurage peple t perate with the grwth mindset.
参考答案：
1．C 2．A 3．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Daisy经历的不可思议的一天。
1．细节理解题。根据“after she handed in her test paper, she was certain that the test had nt gne well.”可知，Daisy交了考卷后，她确信这次考试不太顺利。故选C。
2．推理判断题。根据“What Daisy saw in the mirrr left her speechless. It was nthing like the picture! Hw culd she pssibly g t schl again?”Daisy觉得新发型不好看，可推测她很失望。故选A。
3．推理判断题。根据全文的描述可知，Daisy经历了上学赶时间、对科学考试结果的不自信、兼职工作被辞退和对新发型的失望，但最终事情都没有她想象中的那么糟糕，可推测，Daisy可能从那天的经历中明白了事情并不总是像看上去的那么糟。故选B。
4．D 5．D 6．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了短视频成隐的机制与危害；多巴胺是一种神经递质，与大脑的奖赏中枢相连；愉悦的经历会释放多巴胺；而多巴胺的释放加强了导致奖励的行为，使我们更有可能再次做出这种行为。但是随着时间的推移，多巴胺的持续释放会导致大脑中多巴胺受体的减少。这意味着需要越来越多的多巴胺来产生同样的愉悦感，这使得停止观看短视频变得更加困难。文章呼吁我们注意看这些视频的时间，并把注意力集中在需要全神贯注并提供长期回报的活动上来。
4．细节理解题。根据第二段“When we experience smething pleasurable r rewarding, such as eating a delicius meal r receiving praise, ur brains release dpamine.”可知，当我们经历一些愉快或奖励的事情时，比如吃一顿美味的饭或受到表扬，我们的大脑会释放多巴胺。故选D。
5．细节理解题。根据第三段“Each time we watch a vide and experience the pleasure f entertainment r infrmatin, ur brains release dpamine, strengthening the behavir f watching mre vides.”和第四段“Over time, this cntinuus release f dpamine can lead t a decrease in dpamine receptrs in the brain. This means that it takes mre and mre dpamine t create the same pleasurable sensatin, making it even mre difficult t stp watching shrt vides.”可知，愉悦的经历会释放多巴胺；随着时间的推移，多巴胺的持续释放会导致大脑中多巴胺受体的减少；这意味着需要越来越多的多巴胺来产生同样的愉悦感，这使得停止观看短视频变得更加困难。故选D。
6．主旨大意题。综合全文尤其是最后一段“Hwever, it is imprtant t be mindful f hw lng yu watch these vides and fcus n activities that require full attentin and prvide lng-term rewards.”可知，本文通过介绍短视频了成隐的机制与危害，提醒我们要注意控制刷短视频的时间。故选C。
7．A 8．D 9．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了我们的大脑如何在面临威胁时作出反应，以及这种反应机制的优点和可能的问题。
7．细节理解题。根据第二段“Our defensive circuits are always n the lkut fr things that might be threats.”我们的防御回路总是在寻找可能构成威胁的东西，可推测此处是指它们警惕可能发生的危险。故选A。
8．细节理解题。根据“we need t avid paying attentin t the threat, and then we can lk arund and prcess the rest f the envirnment.”可知，此处是指把我们的注意力转移到环境的其他部分。故选D。
9．最佳标题类。通读全文，主要讲述了我们的大脑如何在面临威胁时作出反应，以及这种反应机制的优点和可能的问题，选项D“当你注意到可怕的事情时，你的大脑会发生什么”符合题意。故选D。
10．D 11．A 12．C 13．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍什么是心理韧性以及如何在学校培养心理韧性。
10．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Have yu heard f mental tughness? Often talked abut in relatin t sprts, mental tughness is characterized by the ability t always perfrm well under stress.”可知，心理韧性的特点是在压力下始终表现良好的能力，所以D项符合。故选D。
11．词句猜测题。根据第七段中的“Mentally tugh students have a clear idea f their gals, and their wills t achieve them are unwavering. They are nt easily influenced by thers’ pinins and are willing t step utside f their cmfrt zne t reach their gals.”可知，心理坚强的学生对自己的目标有明确的想法，他们实现目标的意志是坚定不移的，他们不容易被别人的观点所影响，并且愿意走出自己的舒适区来实现自己的目标，所以划线词的含义是“不动摇的”，A项符合。故选A。
12．细节理解题。根据第六段中的“Mental tughness is als abut being pen t learning, nt being a knw-it-all. Over time, the students wh grw the mst are thse wh like t explre (探索) things, lking fr answers in bks, nline, r by paying attentin t what’s happening arund them.”可知，心理韧性也意味着乐于学习，成长最快的学生是那些喜欢探索事物的人，他们喜欢在书中、网上或通过关注周围发生的事情来寻找答案，所以C项符合。故选C。
13．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍什么是心理韧性以及如何在学校培养心理韧性，所以B项符合。故选B。
14．C 15．B 16．D 17．A
【导语】本文主要介绍了我们生活在两个世界，一个是社会规范统治的世界，一个是以市场规范为特征的世界，并通过实验表明从长远来看，社会规范更能够产生影响。
14．推理判断题。根据“Scial nrms are part f ur scial nature. They include the friendly requests (请求) that peple make f ne anther and immediate payback is nt required.”可知，社会规范是我们社会本性的一部分。它们包括人们相互友好的请求，并且不需要立即回报。因此C选项“让邻居搭便车去机场”符合社会规范。故选C。
15．词义猜测题。根据“Befre the fine was intrduced, parents were srry fr keeping the teachers waiting, and this made them feel cmpelled t arrive n time in the future.”可知，在罚款开始之前，家长们为让老师们久等而感到抱歉，因此这让他们觉得以后有必要准时到达。因此划线单词表示“认为有必要”。故选B。
16．细节理解题。根据“The results shwed that Grup 1 dragged n average 159 circles, and Grup 2 dragged abut 101 circles. But the nes wh were paid nthing dragged 168 circles. When peple were paid, mtivatin (动力) and prductivity rse as pay rse, but peple wrked even harder under scial nrms than fr mney, Why? Because peple lve t feel that they have helped thers.”可知，当人们得到报酬时，动力和生产力随着报酬的增加而增加，但人们在社会规范下比为钱更努力工作，由此可知这项实验表明了这两种规范的影响。故选D。
17．推理判断题。根据“Scial nrms are nt nly cheaper, but ften mre effective as well. Mney will take yu nly s far—scial nrms are the frces that can make a difference in the lng run.”可知，社会规范不仅成本更低，而且往往更有效，因此作者可能同意社会规范可以在社会中发挥很大的作用。故选A。
18．D 19．C 20．B
【导语】本文主要介绍了处理不受欢迎观点的方法。
18．推理判断题。根据“When yur pinins clash (冲突), make sure that it ends there. Dn’t have any arguments r negative feelings”可知观点发生冲突时，确保到此为止，不要有任何争论或负面情绪，由此推出当很难接受不同的意见时，我们应该把它们放在一边。故选D。
19．词义猜测题。根据“Unppular pinins can rck the bat when it cmes t cnversatins.”可知此处讲谈话时不受欢迎的观点会带来的影响，结合选项内容及常识可推出是会带来麻烦，rck the bat与make truble意思相近。故选C。
20．主旨大意题。根据“Des that mean yu shuld change yur pinins t cnfrm (符合) t the majrity’s beliefs? Of curse nt. Here’s what yu shuld d.”及全文内容可知本文主要介绍了处理不受欢迎观点的方法。故选B。
21．A 22．D 23．D 24．A
【导语】本文主要讲述了人们有更大压力的原因。
21．推理判断题。根据“Fr example, if smene tells us tmrrw is the deadline f ur prjects r a new ne is given t us, we are facing the accumulatin (积累) f stress.”可知当有人告诉我们明天就是项目的截止日期或者有新的项目分配给我们时，我们就会面临压力的积累，由此可推断当我们把任务留到最后一刻，压力就会增加。故选A。
22．推理判断题。根据本段开头“The attitudes twards the tasks can als influence the level f stress.”可知对于任务的态度会影响压力的水平”，接着通过举例“Bad attitudes twards the tasks can slw dwn the management f the tasks…This can lead t anxiety…we are facing the accumulatin (积累) f stress.”来说明不好的态度导致焦虑，而焦虑导致压力的增加，因此可推断作者谈论焦虑的目的是说明态度和压力的关系。故选D。
23．细节理解题。根据“One f the elements that influence attitudes is emtins.”可知态度受情绪影响。故选D。
24．观点态度题。根据“But if we want t have less stress n ur tasks, it’s time t have prper attitudes.”可知如果我们想压力少一点，是时候有恰当的态度了，因此可推断作者认为积极的态度可以帮助人们感到更少的压力。故选A。
25．D 26．B 27．C
【导语】本文主要讲述了托尼在一次去伯明翰的公共汽车上遇见了乔治并与他分享了自己的食物的故事。
25．细节理解题。根据“As I gt nt the bus, I was s thankful t find a windw seat. When I sat there, I saw an ld man watching me.”及“‘Gerge.’ He lked at me fr a cuple f secnds befre accepting my hand.”可知，托尼在去伯明翰的公共汽车上遇见了乔治。故选D。
26．细节理解题。根据“‘Wuld yu eat with me?’ I said as I handed him my secnd sandwich.”可知，托尼在旅途中与乔治分享他的三明治。故选B。
27．推理判断题。根据“‘Thank yu fr being s kind t me. Safe travels.’ He said and turned arund t get ff the bus.”可知，乔治很感谢托尼对自己的善意，结合“I didn’t knw what he walked away with that day, but I walked away with a sense f satisfactin.”可推知，托尼有一种满足感是因为他的善意使乔治感到温暖。故选C。
28．D 29．A 30．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了乔治在平安夜遇到的奇怪的事。
28．细节理解题。根据“Gerge tld him he disliked his simple life in the small twn.”可知，乔治告诉神秘人他不喜欢小镇上简朴的生活，simple“简单的，简朴的”符合语境，故选D。
29．细节理解题。根据文章“As Gerge walked arund twn, he nticed he was a stranger t everyne.”可知的，当乔治回到小镇所有人都不认识他，故选A。
30．推理判断题。根据“He realized that life was truly the greatest and mst wnderful gift.”可知，乔治终于知道生命真的是最伟大、最美妙的礼物，可推理在圣诞节后，乔治会更加珍惜他的老婆和家庭，故选B。
31．D 32．C 33．D
【导语】本文主要讲述了重力是一种潜在的储存电力的方式，工程师们正在研究使用重力、水压、压缩空气等方式来储存电力，以应对风能和太阳能不稳定的问题。储能是清洁电力发展的关键挑战之一。
31．词句猜测题。根据“It’s always been everywhere since the beginning f time.”可知，重力自古以来，它就无处不在，可推测abundant的意思是 “丰富的”，故选D。
32．推理判断题。根据“In 1907, engineers in Switzerland first used gravity fr a new purpse: t stre energy. They pumped (用泵抽送) water up a hill, where they stred it in a lake. ”可知，1907年，瑞士的工程师首次将重力用于一个新的目的——储存能量，故选C。
33．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了重力是一种潜在的储存电力的方式，工程师们正在研究使用重力、水压、压缩空气等方式来储存电力，以应对风能和太阳能不稳定的问题。故选D。
34．D 35．D 36．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章讨论了太空探索的利弊，尽管存在一些负面影响，但太空探索对人类的未来也有重要意义。
34．主旨大意题。根据“It’s true that space explratin technlgies are cstly and cnsume many resurces (资源).”可知，第二段强调太空探索的缺点。故选D。
35．细节理解题。根据“And anther thing is certain as well: we culdn’t build a better future fr ur children withut space explratin.”可知，通过太空探索，我们可以给我们的孩子一个更美好的未来。故选D。
36．推理判断题。根据“While all previusly mentined bservatins are very gd and make great pints, space explratin still has mre benefits than negative effects.”可知作者可能同意探索太空是必要的。故选A。
37．D 38．C 39．D 40．C
【导语】本文主要阐述了发展高度的自我复杂性的重要意义。
37．推理判断题。根据“Fr thse with high self-cmplexity, the varius parts f the self are separate. This means the psitive and negative thughts abut a certain part f the self wn’t affect (影响) thughts abut ther parts.”可知，对于那些具有高度自我复杂性的人来说，自我的各个部分是分开的。这意味着对自我某一部分的积极和消极想法不会影响对其他部分的想法。结合选项，如果你在学业和运动训练之间保持平衡，这最有可能表明你有很高的自我复杂性。故选D。
38．词句猜测题。根据“A large bdy f research shws that if yu depend t much n any ne part f the self, yu will becme fragile. When ne’s identity cnnects t clsely with the nly ne part that he cares deeply, then ne will easily get stressed and burnt ut when unexpected changes appear.”可知，大量研究表明，如果你过度依赖自我的任何一个部分，你就会变得脆弱。当出现意想不到的变化时，他很容易感到压力和倦怠。由此可知，fragile意为“脆弱”，与week同义。故选C。
39．推理判断题。根据“If yur identity becmes t invlved in any ne part, then yu are likely t suffer when things change. S what yu need t d is t challenge yurself t put the varius parts f yur identity int a whle. This allws yu t emphasize (强调) and reemphasize certain parts f yur identity at different perids f time. The result is a fluid (流动的) sense f self.”可知，如果你的身份过多地涉及某一部分，那么当事情发生变化时你可能会受到影响。所以你需要做的就是挑战自己，将你身份的各个部分整合成一个整体。这使您可以在不同的时间段强调和淡化您身份的某些部分。结果是一种流动的自我意识。由此可推测，培养流动的自我意识有助于应对意外的变化。故选D。
40．推理判断题。根据“Caring deeply abut the peple, activities, and prjects yu lve is undubtedly the key t a rich and meaningful life.”可知，深入关心你所热爱的人、参加你喜欢的活动和项目，这是丰富且有意义生活的关键。由此可知，作者写这篇文章的主要目的是提醒我们要关心自我的各个方面。故选C。
41．C 42．A 43．B
【导语】本文通过讲述Emily一次失败的尝试，从中懂得了全力以赴的力量。
41．细节理解题。根据“I’m really nervus.”可知，作者在比赛前很紧张。故选C。
42．细节理解题。根据“I messed up a few times. Smetimes I passed t early, tk a bad sht, r didn’t make a play I prbably shuld have.”可知，作者在比赛时有几次搞砸了。有时她传得太早，投得不好，或者没有打出她该打出来的表现。故选A。
43．推理判断题。根据“That day, I realized that I may nt be the mst talented persn there, but if I try my hardest, I can d anything.”可知本文通过讲述Emily一次失败的尝试，从中懂得了全力以赴的力量。故选B。
44．D 45．A 46．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国古代的天井如何让住宅保持凉爽以及将天井引入现代建筑中创造性运用，但引入现代设计仍存在一些挑战。
44．细节理解题。根据第三段“Mrever, anther part f the cling effect cmes frm the evapratin f water. Peple cllect rainwater in their skywells, and when the water evaprates, it cls ht air.”可知，人们在他们的天井里收集雨水，当水蒸发时，带走热量，会冷却热空气。故选D。
45．细节理解题。根据第四段“They are getting creative ideas frm skywells t help keep new buildings cler. One example is the Natinal Heavy Vehicle Engineering Technlgy Research Centre in Jinan, which was cmpleted in 2022. The 18-strey glass-walled twer blck has a huge skywell in the middle, frm the fifth t the tp flr.”可知，作者提到了济南的18层的玻璃墙塔楼，是为了展示天井设计在现代建筑中的创造性运用。故选A。
46．最佳标题题。综合全文可知，文章主要介绍了中国古代的天井如何让住宅保持凉爽，以及它对现代建筑设计的影响；选项B“天井：古代智慧、现代应用”适合作为文章的标题。故选B。
47．B 48．D 49．A
【导语】本文介绍了迈克尔和大卫帮助纽约的一所学校棒球队筹集资金的故事。
47．细节理解题。根据“The schl had a baseball team, but n mney t buy the baseball equipment.”可知，学校没有钱买棒球装备。故选B。
48．细节理解题。根据“Michael and David had an idea. They decided t help the team get mney fr the equipment they needed.”可知，他们的计划是帮助筹集球队所需设备的资金。故选D。
49．细节理解题。根据“Fr their passinate and inspiring effrts t supprt schl baseball prgrams, the tw teenagers were New Yrkers f the Week n ne f New Yrk’s news statins.”可知，他们的热情和努力让他们成为纽约一家新闻台的 “每周纽约人”。故选A。
50．A 51．B 52．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了因为与动物娱乐相关的运动而受到伤害的动物数量较大，为了保护动物，动物爱好者发起了许多活动，这些活动似乎正在起作用；动物在我们的生活中扮演着重要的角色，文章呼吁我们爱护动物。
50．细节理解题。根据第三段“Fr example, abut 180,000 bulls are killed in bullfights arund the wrld, with many mre injured in bullfight events every year, accrding t Human Sciety Internatinal, an rganizatin imprving the human-animal relatinship glbally.”可知，全球每年约有18万头公牛在斗牛中被杀，还有更多的公牛在斗牛活动中受伤。故选A。
51．细节理解题。根据第四段“Circuses using animals have been banned by many cuntries arund the wrld in recent years due t animal welfare wrries, accrding t the website Fur Paws.”可知，近年来，出于对动物福利的担忧，世界上许多国家都禁止马戏团使用动物。故选B。
52．推理判断题。根据最后一段“‘We can have ur sprts, drinks, lively parties, and beautiful hats but we can leave the animals ut f it,’ reprted Vx.”可知，我们可以有我们的运动、饮料、热闹的派对和漂亮的帽子，但我们可以把动物们排除在外；据此可以推断，Vx认为与动物娱乐有关的运动是可以避免的。故选C。
53．C 54．D 55．A 56．B
【导语】本文主要介绍了社交媒体的利弊。
53．细节理解题。根据“The greatest advantage is that we can cnnect with peple much mre easily.”可知，社交媒体最大的优点是我们可以更容易地与人联系。故选C。
54．词义猜测题。根据“One reasn fr this is that peple arund us put clurful infrmatin and perfect pictures nline in rder t shw ff their best mment. S we ften get a distrted sense f hw wnderful their lives are cmpared t ur wn.”可知，我们周围的人把丰富多彩的信息和完美的图片放在网上，以展示他们最美好的时刻，因此，我们经常会有不正确的感觉，与我们自己的生活相比，他们的生活是多么美好，故此处划线部分意为“不正确的”，和incrrect意义相近。故选D。
55．篇章结构题。本文第一段引出话题；第二、第三段介绍了社交媒体的好处；第四段介绍了社交媒体的弊端；第五段进行了总结，选项A符合文章结构。故选A。
56．最佳标题题。本文主要介绍了社交媒体的利弊，以选项B“社交媒体：我们的朋友还是敌人？”为标题最合适。故选B。
57．C 58．A 59．B 60．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是学习英国文学的一些理由。
57．词句猜测题。根据第四段中“Studying literature des nt cnfine the students t the traditins f England but includes the pssibility f intrducing them t traditins which influence English literature, such as the study f Ancient Greek drama, and t literature in ther cntexts, such as American literature.”可知，学习文学并不局限于英国的传统，还包括向学生介绍影响英国文学的传统的可能性，如古希腊戏剧的研究，以及其他背景下的文学，如美国文学；可推测出“cnfine”意为“限制”，与单词“limit”意思相同。故选C。
58．推理判断题。根据第四段中“The enjyment and appreciatin f literature will give students the ability t develp this int an interest in bks and reading as they mve away frm their studies and int the adult lives.”可知，对文学的享受和欣赏将使学生能够在离开学业进入成年生活时，将其培养成对书籍和阅读的兴趣；可推断出作者可能会同意“学习英国文学对学生有长期的影响”的观点。故选A。
59．细节理解题。根据第二段中“But English literature can intrduce students t many aspects, nt nly the English language but als the culture f English-speaking cuntries.”以及第三段中“There are aspects f English culture that summarized by English literature.”可知，英语文学可以向学生介绍许多方面，不仅是英语语言，还有英语国家的文化；英国文学概括了英国文化的某些方面；英国文化与英国文学密切相关。故选B。
60．最佳标题题。根据第一段中“Hwever, there are still gd reasns fr the study f English literature.”以及通读全文可知，本文主要讲的是学习英国文学的一些理由，A选项“为什么我们学习英国文学”为最佳标题。故选A。
61．D 62．C 63．D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，文章讲述了苏珊不小心把画笔掉在了已经完成的画上，在爸爸的建议下她继续在这幅画上进行创作，最终获得了第一名。这个故事告诉我们坏事可以变成好事。
61．细节理解题。根据“When she finished her picture, Susan began playing with her brush which was still wet. Suddenly, she drpped the brush right n the picture! ”可知，苏珊画完画后，刷子掉在了画上。故选D。
62．推理判断题。根据“She culd hardly wait t tell her father the news. He was right. With a little imaginatin yu can turn smething bad int smething gd!”可知，苏珊因为自己的想象力赢了。故选C。
63．推理判断题。根据“With a little imaginatin yu can turn smething bad int smething gd!”可知，我们可以从文章中学到：我们可以用想象力把坏事变成好事。故选D。
64．A 65．B 66．D 67．D
【导语】本文主要介绍了成长型思维和定势思维，鼓励人们培养成长型思维。
64．细节理解题。根据第一段“Peple with the grwth mindset (思维形式) believe that intelligence (智力) r skill, can be develped thrugh effrt. Basically, they believe that anyne can develp their abilities in anything.”可知，智力或技能都可以通过努力得到发展。故选A。
65．词义猜测题。根据第二段“it’s smething that we’re brn with. We’re either brn gifted r nt; there is n rm fr change.”可知，有这种倾向的人相信智力和技能是与生俱来的，这是我们与生俱来的。我们要么天生有天赋，要么没有天赋，没有改变的余地。所以 “innate”的含义应为“天生的”。故选B。
66．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Peple with the grwth mindset are living in greater accrdance (符合) with relality than peple with the fixed mindset.They can make truer decisins while a persn with the fixed mindset lives in a greater state f delusin (妄想).”可知拥有成长心态的人比拥有固定心态的人更符合现实，他们可以做出更真实的决定。故选D。
67．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“S, nw yu knw why the grwth mindset is imprtant. Keep in mind that it takes a lt f effrt t develp and that it will always be a hard fight t a avid falling int the fixed mindset.”并结合全文可知，本文主要介绍了成长型思维和定势思维，要避免陷入定势思维总是一场艰苦的战斗，所以鼓励人们培养成长型思维。故选D。