2024年北京市头沟区高三下学期高考一模英语试卷含详解

这是一份2024年北京市头沟区高三下学期高考一模英语试卷含详解，共28页。
考生须知：
1. 本试卷共12页,共 100分, 考试时长90分钟。
2. 请将条形码粘贴在答题卡相应位置处。
3. 试卷所有答案必须填涂或书写在答题卡上， 在试卷上作答无效。请使用2B铅笔填涂，用黑色字迹签字笔或钢笔作答。
第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30分)
第一节 (共10小题; 每小题1.5分, 共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
I was preparing fr dinner with my husband when ur daughter Rikki strmed int the sitting rm and marched t the sfa. I glanced ut f the windw and saw ur neighbr Lexi walking slwly back t her huse with her head dwn, lking s ___1___.
“Why didn’t Lexi stay lnger?” I asked her.
“I dn’t want t play with her,” Rikki cmplained, “I wish she wuld stp cming ver here all the time. Her dress lks terrible and smells disgusting. Everyne in ur class chses t ___2___ her.” “That’s nt her ___3___ , Rikki. Maybe she desn’t have anyne t help her.” I said.
“Yu see, baby,” her father began t say, “I really knw hw she felt when yu shwed yur ___4___ t her because I had the same experience when I was a kid. I was the pr kid with hand-me-dwn clthes, the kid wh thers lked dwn n. That ___5___ never ges away.” He tld her he wanted her t be kind and ____6____ , nt judgmental and hurtful. Tears were streaming dwn her face.
Then we ___7___ Lexi t cme ver and have dinner with us. I remembered Lexi cming in all smiles. We gathered tgether and sn I saw the girls talking and ___8___ . They had a great time. I culd even see a sweet glw in Rikki’s eyes.
Rikki began t think ____9____ frm that day n. Lexi came ver a few times after that. They became gd friends.
Tday Rikki has a heart f gld. She is always the first t welcme thse whm thers might _____10_____ and is generus in helping thers. I truly believe that day made a majr difference in the persn she has becme tday.
1.
A. funnyB. upsetC. relaxedD. silly
2.
A. punishB. inspireC. respectD. ignre
3.
A. habitB. attitudeC. faultD. quality
4.
A. cldnessB. selfishnessC. strictnessD. nervusness
5.
A. dreamB. thughtC. feelingD. smell
6.
A. hnestB. curiusC. nrmalD. helpful
7.
A. assumedB. invitedC. remindedD. warned
8.
A. laughingB. arguingC. cryingD. shpping
9.
A. activelyB. creativelyC. prfessinallyD. differently
10.
A. wrry abutB. turn awayC. depend nD. cmmunicate with
第二节 (共10小题; 每小题1.5分, 共15分)
A
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
When he was 7 years ld, Francis Kere left his family t attend schl because his village did nt have ne f _____11_____ (it) wn. Thirteen years later, he mved t Germany. He dreamed f returning hme t build the classrm that didn’t then exist. In 2001, Kere cmpleted his first schl ____12____ (build). He then ____13____ (creative) transfrmed his village and ther cmmunities in Africa. In 2022, he wn “Nbel Prize in architecture”, the Pritzker Prize.
B
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
T develp a snack we all knw and lve, cmpanies have t wrk ut ____14____ peple have an appetite fr. Tday, cmpanies ften ask custmers t chse the flavrs they fancy n apps, ____15____ (lk) ut fr the latest taste trends. Snack trends als change ver time. When supermarkets ____16____ (encurage) t remve unhealthy snacks frm the cashier desk, cmpanies are quick t prvide healthier treats.
C
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
____17____ February 10, the first day f the Year f the Dragn, the crwd in a public square in Lndn burst int cheers. Sixteen dancers perfrmed the Chashan Yingge dance, a traditinal Chinese flk dance ____18____ (celebrate) Chinese New Year. In the Chashan regin f Guangdng prvince, ____19____ the dance riginated, peple believe it brings gd luck fr new year. This perfrmance ____20____ (attract) millins f turists since 2023.
第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节 (共14小题; 每小题2分, 共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Are yu ready t becme an internatinal UN Vlunteer?
Yu can cntribute yur time, skills and knwledge thrugh vlunteering with the UN. This is an pprtunity t create a psitive impact and be a significant frce fr achieving peace and develpment. Make a difference t the lives f many!
The first step t vlunteer abrad with the UN is t determine whether yu meet the minimum requirements. If this is the case, register yur prfile in ur Unified Vlunteering Platfrm. Then, yu may apply fr assignments that are in high demand r even in highly specialized areas.
The minimum age t serve as an internatinal UN Vlunteer is 18 years ld. Hwever, there are specific requirements fr varius categries: UN Yuth Vlunteers, including University Vlunteers, must be aged 18-26, UN Vlunteer specialists must be at least 27years ld, and UN Expert Vlunteers must be 35 years f age and abve.
There may als be requirements f relevant prfessinal and academic experience, as well as language prficiency (熟练). Refer t the Descriptin f Assignment fr the UN Vlunteer assignment fr the psitin yu are applying fr because different assignments have their specific requirements.
All UN Vlunteers must display a cmmitment t the values and principles f vlunteerism and the activities f the United Natins and the UN Charter, and an ability t wrk in a multicultural envirnment and with lcal partners and cmmunities. They shuld be prepared t adjust t difficult living cnditins in smetimes remte lcatins. UN Vlunteers shuld be prfessinal, with strng interpersnal and rganizatinal skills.
21. Which is a requirement fr being an internatinal UN Vlunteer?
A. Having a psitive impact.
B. Being yunger than 18 years ld.
C. Having relevant wrk experience.
D. Being talented in freign languages.
22. If selected as a UN vlunteer, ne will need t .
A. shw his educatin level
B. imprve lcal living cnditins
C. fllw the rules f the activities
D. cmmunicate with thers efficiently
23. Which f the fllwing statements is crrect accrding t the passage?
A. Every assignment has its particular requirements.
B. If yu meet the requirements, yu can register by email.
C. UN Vlunteers will wrk in remte lcatins independently.
D. As a vlunteer, yu shuld make principles f vlunteerism.
B
“Yur mther needs a new heart,” my father tld me when I called n that December afternn. An unrelenting ptimist, he spke as if she merely needed t have a part replaced. But, althugh my tw sisters and I knew that ur mther had heart prblems, this news still made us frzen fr a while with ur eyes widening in disbelief.
Dr. Marc Semigran f the transplant team reviewed my mther’s medical histry. She’d had an irregular and rapid heartbeat fr mst f her life. Her present treatment — the use f a series f cardiversins, r electric jlts, t restre a nrmal heartbeat — wuld nt wrk in the lng-term. She had an enlarged and weakened heart, as well as a faulty valve.
“With medicatin,” Dr. Semigran said, “yu have a 60 percent chance f living six mnths. Yu culd have a lnger life with a transplant, but there are risks. Yu’re at the tp end f the age grup f sixty years ld. The lungs and ther rgans must be healthy and strng. While the transplant surgery is actually a straightfrward prcedure, acceptance by the bdy is the difficult thing.”
My family came tgether, trying t prvide strength and wrk ut what t d. We’d already gne frm shck, ver ur mther’s cnditin, t wrry that she wuldn’t be a suitable recipient. Despite f the risk, we chse t believe that she wuld make it eventually.
Wrd came later in December that she had been accepted int the prgramme. Dr. Jeremy Ruskin tld us ne f the reasns she had been accepted was that she had such strng family supprt.
One Mnday in May, at abut 8 p. m., my mther received a phne call frm the hspital that a heart was available. As she was abut t be wheeled ff, my father tk her face in his hands and lked int her eyes. His lk said everything abut their 42-year relatinship.
The heart transplant peratin was successful and the cnditins culd nt have been better.
The irny f the transplant prcess is that ne family’s lss is anther’s gain; that tragedy begets frtune. It is a kind f life after death ur hearts beating beynd us. We develped a feeling f lve fr this new part, f gratitude fr the dctrs, fr the prcess, and fr thse peple wh made a decisin just fr humanity.
24. Hw did the sisters feel t the news that their mther needed a new heart?
A. Frightened.B. Astnished.C. Wrried.D. Annyed.
25. Which is the factr t affect the pssibility f their mther’s heart transplant?
A. Her abnrmal heart beat.
B. The age f ver sixty years ld.
C. Her willingness t the transplant.
D. The adaptatin f the new heart in the bdy.
26. What made the transplant team decide t have the peratin?
A. That her lungs were healthy.
B. That a new heart had been fund.
C. That her family were expecting the peratin.
D. That her family trusted the dctrs' medical level.
27. What can we learn frm the passage?
A. Family supprt is f great imprtance.
B. Frtune favrs thse wh are ptimistic.
C. Cnfidence helps patients vercme difficulties.
D. Getting prepared befre accepting a treatment matters.
C
Artificial intelligence is almst twice as accurate as a bipsy (活组织检查) at judging the aggressiveness f sme cancers, experts say. Cancer kills 10 millin peple glbally every year, accrding t the WHO. But fr patients the disease can be prevented if detected instantly and dealt with quickly.
A recent study suggested an AI algrithm (算法) was far better than a bipsy at crrectly grading the aggressiveness f sarcmas (肉瘤), a rare frm f cancer. Researchers hpe AI will imprve utcmes fr patients by giving dctrs a mre accurate way f grading tumurs (肿瘤). Because high-grade tumurs can indicate aggressive disease, the tl culd help ensure thse high-risk patients are identified mre quickly and treated instantly. Lw-risk patients culd als be spared unnecessary treatments, fllw-up scans and hspital visits.
Researchers say the algrithm culd be applied t ther types f cancer in future. The team specifically lked at retrperitneal sarcmas, which develp at the back f the abdmen and are difficult t diagnse (诊断) and treat due t their lcatin. They used CT scans frm 170 patients with the tw mst cmmn frms f retrperitneal sarcma — leimysarcma and lipsarcma. Using data frm these scans they created an AI algrithm, which was then tested n 89 patients in ther cuntries. In grading hw aggressive the tumur was, the technlgy was accurate in 82% f the cases, while bipsies were 44%.
AI culd als recgnize leimysarcma and lipsarcma in 84% f sarcmas tested while radilgists were able t identify them in 65% f the cases. Christina Messiu, the study leader, said: “We’re incredibly excited by the ptential f this state-f-the-art technlgy, which culd lead t patients having better utcmes thrugh faster diagnsis. As patients with retrperitneal sarcma are rutinely scanned with CT, we hpe this tl will eventually be used glbally, ensuring that nt just specialist centres can reliably identify and grade the disease.”
Richard Davisn, chief executive f Sarcma UK, said the results lked “very prmising”. He added: “Peple are mre likely t survive sarcma if diagnsed early. One in six peple with sarcma cancer wait mre than a year t receive an accurate diagnsis, s any research that helps patients receive better treatment and supprt is welcme.”
28. Accrding t the passage, AI is capable f .
A. grading the risk f sarcmas
B. measuring the scale f sarcmas
C. prviding cancer treatment fr clinicians
D. classifying cancers with its advanced algrithm
29. What can be inferred frm this passage?
A. Mre sarcmas can be detected with the help f AI.
B. Bipsies will be replaced by AI algrithm in identifying cancers.
C. Mre patients suffering frm cancers will benefit frm AI algrithm.
D. AI algrithm has been applied in hspitals fr detecting mst cancers.
30. What is the passage mainly abut?
A. AI has a prfund market in curing cancers.
B. New treatments fr sarcmas are well underway.
C AI helps identify high-risk and lw-risk patients.
D. AI des better in assessing sme types f sarcmas.
D
A recent glbal study, which surveyed 10,000 yung peple frm 10 cuntries, shwed that nearly 60 percent f them were extremely wrried abut the future state f the planet. The reprt, which was published in The Lancet, als shwed that nearly half f the respndents said that such distress affected them daily, and three quarters agreed with the statement that “the future is frightening.” This, alng with many ther studies, shws clearly that climate change is nt just a threat t the envirnment that we inhabit. It als pses a very real threat t ur emtinal well-being. Psychlgists have categrized these feelings f grief and wrry abut the current climate emergency, a cmmn ccurrence amng yuth tday, under the label f “ec-anxiety”.
Ec-anxiety desn’t just affect yung peple. It als affects researchers wh wrk in climate and eclgical science, burdened by the reality depicted by their findings, and it affects the mst ecnmically marginalized (边缘化的) acrss the glbe, wh bear the damaging impacts f climate breakdwn.
In 2024, ec-anxiety will rise t becme ne f the leading causes f mental health prblems. The reasns are bvius. Scientists estimate that the wrld is likely t breach safe limits f temperature rise abve pre-industrial levels fr the first time by 2027.
In recent years, we’ve seen wildfires tear thrugh Canada and Greece, and summer flds ruin regins in Pakistan that are hme t nearly 33 millin peple. Studies have shwn that thse impacted by air pllutin and rising temperatures are mre likely t experience psychlgical distress.
T make matters wrse, facing climate crisis, ur plitical class is nt ffering strng leadership. The COP28 cnference in Dubai will be headed by an il and gas cmpany executive. In the UK, the gvernment is backtracking n its green cmmitments.
Frtunately, greater levels f ec-anxiety will als ffer an avenue fr reslving the climate crisis directly. Accrding t Carline Hickman, a researcher n ec-anxiety frm the University f Bath, anyne experiencing ec-anxiety is displaying entirely natural and ratinal reactins t the climate crisis. This is why, in 2024, we will als see mre peple arund the wrld jin the fight fr climate justice and seek jbs that priritize envirnmental sustainability. Campaigners will put increased pressure n fssil fuel industries and the gvernments t rapidly abandn the usage f plluting cal, il, and gas.
It’s nw clear that nt nly are these industries the main causes fr the climate crisis, they are als respnsible fr the mental health crisis, which is starting t affect mst f us. Ec-anxiety is nt smething we will defeat with therapy, but smething we will tackle by taking actin.
31. What can we learn frm the passage?
A. The cause f ec-anxiety is emtins existing in ur mind.
B. Peple in develped cuntries are mre likely t suffer frm ec-anxiety.
C. Ec-anxiety is a new kind f psychlgical disease due t climate change.
D. The authr is disappinted abut gvernment behaviur twards climate crisis.
32. What des the underlined wrd “breach” in Paragraph 3 mst prbably mean?
A. Break.B. Reach.C. Raise.D. Affect.
33. As fr Carline Hickman’s pinin n ec-anxiety, the authr is .
A. puzzledB. favurableC. suspiciusD. uncncerned
34. What wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A. Wh Is t Blame fr Ec-anxiety?
B. Hw Shuld Yu See Ec-anxiety?
C. Hw Will Ec-anxiety Be Reslved?
D. Why D Peple Suffer frm Ec-anxiety?
第二节 (共5小题； 每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Mre than a quarter have t enlarge the fnt size n their mbile phne s they can read it clearly. ____35____ Meanwhile, 28% regularly squint (眯眼看) at the screen. And all f them are signs f eye disrder.
“The research has shwn ur eyes are nt designed t be fixed n a single bject fr a lng time, especially smaller laptps r smart devices. ____36____ Even wrse, staring at the screen cnstantly can lead t dry eye syndrme,” says Giles Edmnds, a clinical service directr.
Dry eye syndrme is a cnditin where the eyes d nt make enugh tears, r the tears evaprate t quickly. Here are sme simple slutins t prevent eye strain and irritatin, and preserve yur eye health verall.
Rest yur eyes.
Fllw the 20:20:20 rule, lking up frm yur screen every 20 minutes and lk at smething 20 feet away fr at least 20 secnds. ____37____ It in turn reduces eye tiredness.
Adjust yur wrkstatin.
Change yur screen settings t ensure that the brightness and cntrast are balanced crrectly, as well as making fnts larger. Als, be mindful f hw yur wrkstatin is psitined. Adjust yur screen ensuring it is 15—20 degrees belw eye level and arund 50—70 cm away frm the eyes. ___38___
Reduce glare (眩光)
____39____. Try reducing this by attaching an anti-glare screen t yur mnitr r laptp t avid external light shining nt the screen. Glasses wearers can als have lenses treated with an anti-glare cating.
A. Peple shuld try t reduce the time spent n the screen.
B. One can read his favrite paper bks instead f e-bks.
C. Half cnfess they’re frced t enlarge images t see them clearly.
D. Anther thing t fcus n is t make sure yur rm is prperly lit.
E. Lking int the distance helps relax the fcusing muscles f yur eyes.
F. Reflectins n yur cmputer screen can cause glare and lead t eye fatigue.
G. They may feel uncmfrtable, painful, tired and even start t itch (发痒) r burn.
第三部分 书面表达 (共两节，32分)
第一节 (共4小题; 第40、41题各2分, 第42题3分, 第43题5分, 共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
The first pairs f jeans were designed fr blue-cllar wrkers. Over the curse f the 20th century, the wrking-class pants have transfrmed int fashin icns and becme ppular arund the wrld. Hwever, each new pair yu buy has a much higher cst than yu might think.
Every pair f jeans takes abut 0.7 kilgrams f cttn. Grwing this much cttn requires rughly 10,000 liters f water, nt t mentin varius herbicides and pesticides, which can pllute grundwater. Typically, plastic fibers are mixed with cttn threads t increase cmfrt and flexibility. In rder t dye the clth, chemical sprays and several cycles f acid-washing are adpted, discharging txic pllutants int rivers and even turn them int indig-blue. Als, there are the zippers, buttns, and rivets made f cpper and ther metals, whse mining is yet anther surce f envirnmental degradatin. All in all, the manufacturing (制造) prcess fr a single pair f jeans emits ver 33 kilgrams f carbn — the equivalent f driving ver 110 kilmeters.
Like many glbally prduced prducts, jeans are made in pr cuntries and bught in rich nes. Much f the wrld’s cttn is grwn in develping cuntries, with pr labr practices and few prtectins fr wrkers. Cttn here is ften picked by children r frced labr. And their health may be threatened by pisnus chemicals during prductin. Because f the fast-paced and rugh manufacturing with unnatural materials, tday, mst pairs last n lnger than a year. Like mst waste, discarded jeans end up in landfills, where their decmpsitin releases greenhuse gas. Sme gvernments are pursuing plicies t make cmpanies mre respnsible fr wrker pay and welfare, but unsustainable practices still run crazy thrughut the fashin industry.
40. Wh may be the first cnsumers f jeans?
____________________________________________________________________________________________
41. Why are plastic fibers used when pairs f jeans are made?
____________________________________________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
Jeans are made in pr cuntries, where wrkers’ health is well prtected.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
43. What suggestins wuld yu give t reduce the damage caused by jeans? (In abut 40 wrds)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节(20分)
44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。国际月季节(Internatinal Rse Festival) 将于下周在北京举办。你得知你校外教Jim对花卉十分感兴趣，想邀请他一同参加。请你用英文给他写一封邮件，内容包括：
1. 介绍国际月季节基本信息；
2. 介绍其亮点。
注意: 1. 词数100左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
2024北京门头沟高三一模
英 语
2024.3
考生须知：
1. 本试卷共12页,共 100分, 考试时长90分钟。
2. 请将条形码粘贴在答题卡相应位置处。
3. 试卷所有答案必须填涂或书写在答题卡上， 在试卷上作答无效。请使用2B铅笔填涂，用黑色字迹签字笔或钢笔作答。
第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30分)
第一节 (共10小题; 每小题1.5分, 共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
I was preparing fr dinner with my husband when ur daughter Rikki strmed int the sitting rm and marched t the sfa. I glanced ut f the windw and saw ur neighbr Lexi walking slwly back t her huse with her head dwn, lking s ___1___.
“Why didn’t Lexi stay lnger?” I asked her.
“I dn’t want t play with her,” Rikki cmplained, “I wish she wuld stp cming ver here all the time. Her dress lks terrible and smells disgusting. Everyne in ur class chses t ___2___ her.” “That’s nt her ___3___ , Rikki. Maybe she desn’t have anyne t help her.” I said.
“Yu see, baby,” her father began t say, “I really knw hw she felt when yu shwed yur ___4___ t her because I had the same experience when I was a kid. I was the pr kid with hand-me-dwn clthes, the kid wh thers lked dwn n. That ___5___ never ges away.” He tld her he wanted her t be kind and ____6____ , nt judgmental and hurtful. Tears were streaming dwn her face.
Then we ___7___ Lexi t cme ver and have dinner with us. I remembered Lexi cming in all smiles. We gathered tgether and sn I saw the girls talking and ___8___ . They had a great time. I culd even see a sweet glw in Rikki’s eyes.
Rikki began t think ____9____ frm that day n. Lexi came ver a few times after that. They became gd friends.
Tday, Rikki has a heart f gld. She is always the first t welcme thse whm thers might _____10_____ and is generus in helping thers. I truly believe that day made a majr difference in the persn she has becme tday.
1.
A. funnyB. upsetC. relaxedD. silly
2.
A. punishB. inspireC. respectD. ignre
3.
A. habitB. attitudeC. faultD. quality
4.
A. cldnessB. selfishnessC. strictnessD. nervusness
5.
A. dreamB. thughtC. feelingD. smell
6.
A. hnestB. curiusC. nrmalD. helpful
7.
A. assumedB. invitedC. remindedD. warned
8.
A. laughingB. arguingC. cryingD. shpping
9.
A. activelyB. creativelyC. prfessinallyD. differently
10.
A. wrry abutB. turn awayC. depend nD. cmmunicate with
【答案】1. B 2. D 3. C 4. A 5. C 6. D 7. B 8. A 9. D 10. B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了吃晚饭时，作者瞥了一眼窗外，注意到邻居莱克西沮丧地走回家，问及女儿原因，女儿因嫌弃莱克西衣服脏乱有味道而不想和莱克西玩，作者劝说女儿，且作者丈夫用自己孩童时代被冷漠对待的经历让女儿明白了自己的错误，之后女儿改变想法，和莱克西成为好朋友的故事。
【1题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我瞥了一眼窗外，看到我们的邻居莱克西低着头慢慢地走回她家，看起来很沮丧。A. funny有趣的；B. upset沮丧的；C. relaxed放松的；D. silly愚蠢的。由上文“saw ur neighbr Lexi walking slwly back t her huse with her head dwn”可知，莱克西头低着，感到沮丧。故选B项。
【2题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们班的每个人都选择忽略她。A. punish惩罚；B. inspire鼓舞；C. respect尊重；D. ignre忽视。由上文““I dn’t want t play with her,” Rikki cmplained”和“I wish she wuld stp cming ver here all the time. Her dress lks terrible and smells disgusting.”可知，班上的人（包括女儿）都嫌弃莱克西衣服脏乱有味道，女儿也不想和莱克西玩，说明莱克西被人忽视了。故选D项。
【3题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：“这不是她的错，里基。也许她没有人帮她。”我说。A. habit习惯；B. attitude态度；C. fault错误；D. quality质量。由下文“Maybe she desn’t have anyne t help her.”可知，妈妈认为莱克西衣服脏乱有味道也许是因为没有人帮她打理，不是她的错。故选C项。
【4题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我真的知道当你对她表现出你的冷漠时她的感受，因为我小时候也有同样的经历。A. cldness冷漠；B. selfishness自私；C. strictness严格；D. nervusness紧张。由上文““I dn’t want t play with her,” Rikki cmplained”和“I wish she wuld stp cming ver here all the time. Her dress lks terrible and smells disgusting.”可知，女儿因嫌弃莱克西衣服脏乱有味道而不想和莱克西玩，应该会对莱克西表现得冷漠，呼应上文讲莱克西沮丧地回家。故选A项。
【5题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种感觉永远不会消失。A. dream梦想；B. thught想法；C. feeling感觉；D. smell气味。由上文语境和“I had the same experience when I was a kid. I was the pr kid with hand-me-dwn clthes, the kid wh thers lked dwn n.”可知，女儿忽视莱克西，对莱克西表现得冷漠，作者丈夫用自己孩童时代被别人看不起、冷漠对待的经历让女儿明白这种被人看不起和忽视的感觉永远不会消失。故选C项。
6题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他告诉她，他希望她善良、乐于助人，而不是评判和伤害。A. hnest诚实的；B. curius好奇的；C. nrmal正常的；D. helpful乐于助人的。由最后一段“is generus in helping ther”可知，作者丈夫希望女儿成为一个乐于助人的人，女儿最终也变成了这样的人。故选D项。
【7题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后我们邀请莱克西过来和我们一起吃饭。A. assumed假定；B. invited邀请；C. reminded提醒；D. warned警告。由下文“Lexi t cme ver and have dinner with us”可知，作者一家邀请莱克西共进晚餐。故选B项。
【8题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们聚在一起，很快我就看到女孩们有说有笑。A. laughing大笑；B. arguing争论；C. crying哭泣；D. shpping购物。由下文“They had a great time. I culd even see a sweet glw in Rikki’s eyes.”可知，女儿和莱克西应该是有说有笑。故选A项。
【9题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：从那天起，里基开始有了不同的想法。A. actively积极地；B. creatively有创作力地；C. prfessinally内行地；D. differently不同地。由下文“Lexi came ver a few times after that. They became gd friends.”可知，与上文讲女儿因莱克西衣服脏乱有味道而嫌弃莱克西形成对比，说明在父母的引导下，女儿不再看不起莱克西，有了不同的想法，友善对待莱克西，最终成为朋友。故选D项。
【10题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：她总是第一个欢迎那些别人可能会拒绝的人，并慷慨地帮助别人。A. wrry abut担心；B. turn away拒绝……进入；C. depend n依靠；D. cmmunicate with与……交流。由上文语境和“I truly believe that day made a majr difference in the persn she has becme tday.”可知，女儿因莱克西衣服脏乱有味道而嫌弃莱克西，拒绝和莱克西玩耍，在父母的引导下，女儿意识到自己的错误，友善对待莱克西，最终成为朋友，这件事对女儿产生了很大的影响，现在女儿总是第一个欢迎那些别人可能会拒绝的人，就像女儿欢迎莱克西一样。故选B项。
第二节 (共10小题; 每小题1.5分, 共15分)
A
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
When he was 7 years ld, Francis Kere left his family t attend schl because his village did nt have ne f _____11_____ (it) wn. Thirteen years later, he mved t Germany. He dreamed f returning hme t build the classrm that didn’t then exist. In 2001, Kere cmpleted his first schl ____12____ (build). He then ____13____ (creative) transfrmed his village and ther cmmunities in Africa. In 2022, he wn “Nbel Prize in architecture”, the Pritzker Prize.
【答案】11. its
12. building##buildings
13. creatively
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了弗朗西斯·凯雷的事迹和他获得了普利兹克奖的相关事宜。
【11题详解】
考查形容词性物主代词。句意：Francis Kere 7岁时离开家人去上学，因为他的村庄没有自己的学校。its wn (它自己)符合句意，用形容词性物主代词its。f ne's wn“某人自己的” 。故填its。
【12题详解】
考查名词。句意：2001年，科尔完成了他的第一座校舍（艺术）。building可做可数名词，意为“建筑物”，学校建筑物数量大于一，用其复数形式；building也可做不可数名词，意为“建筑（的艺术或行业）”，此处应该指建筑艺术。故填building(s)。
【13题详解】
考查副词。句意：然后，他创造性地改造了自己的村庄和非洲的其他社区。副词creatively作状语，修饰动词transfrmed。故填creatively。
B
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
T develp a snack we all knw and lve, cmpanies have t wrk ut ____14____ peple have an appetite fr. Tday, cmpanies ften ask custmers t chse the flavrs they fancy n apps, ____15____ (lk) ut fr the latest taste trends. Snack trends als change ver time. When supermarkets ____16____ (encurage) t remve unhealthy snacks frm the cashier desk, cmpanies are quick t prvide healthier treats.
【答案】14. what
15. lking
16. are encuraged
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如今的公司竭尽全力为顾客提供合心意的零食。
【14题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：为了开发一种我们都知道和喜爱的零食，公司必须弄清楚人们对什么有兴趣。该空引导宾语从句，从句中缺宾语，意为“……的事物”，用连接代词what。故填what。
【15题详解】
考查现在分词。句意：如今，公司经常要求客户在应用程序上选择他们喜欢的口味，留心最新的口味趋势。逻辑主语cmpanies和非谓语动词短语lk ut fr是主动关系，该空用现在分词形式作状语。故填lking。
【16题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：当超市被鼓励从收银台上撤下不健康的零食时，公司会迅速提供更健康的零食。讲述现在的一种情况，且从句主语supermarkets和从句谓语动词encurage是被动关系，encurage用一般现在时的被动语态，注意主谓一致。故填are encuraged。
C
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
____17____ February 10, the first day f the Year f the Dragn, the crwd in a public square in Lndn burst int cheers. Sixteen dancers perfrmed the Chashan Yingge dance, a traditinal Chinese flk dance ____18____ (celebrate) Chinese New Year. In the Chashan regin f Guangdng prvince, ____19____ the dance riginated, peple believe it brings gd luck fr new year. This perfrmance ____20____ (attract) millins f turists since 2023.
【答案】17. On 18. t celebrate
19. where 20. has attracted
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章从龙年第一天伦敦广场上的舞者表演展开，简要介绍了发源于广东潮汕地区的一种传统民间舞蹈——英歌舞。
【17题详解】
考查介词。句意：2月10日，龙年的第一天，伦敦广场上的人群爆发出欢呼声。通常用介词n和具体的日期搭配，表示在这一天，且空处位于句首，n的首字母需大写。故填On。
【18题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：16名舞者表演了潮汕英歌舞，这是一种庆祝中国新年的传统民间舞蹈。分析句子可知，空处作dance的后置定语，是非谓语动词，此处介绍这一舞蹈的功能或用途，应用celebrate“庆祝”的不定式形式。故填t celebrate。
【19题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：在这种舞蹈的发源地广东潮汕地区，人们相信它能给新年带来好运。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词the Chashan regin作补充说明，先行词在从句中表示行为发生的地点，作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。
20题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：自2023年以来，这一表演吸引了数百万游客。分析句子可知，空处作句子的谓语，时间状语为since 2023，句子应用现在完成时，且主语This perfrmance为单数，助动词用has。故填has attracted。
第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节 (共14小题; 每小题2分, 共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Are yu ready t becme an internatinal UN Vlunteer?
Yu can cntribute yur time, skills and knwledge thrugh vlunteering with the UN. This is an pprtunity t create a psitive impact and be a significant frce fr achieving peace and develpment. Make a difference t the lives f many!
The first step t vlunteer abrad with the UN is t determine whether yu meet the minimum requirements. If this is the case, register yur prfile in ur Unified Vlunteering Platfrm. Then, yu may apply fr assignments that are in high demand r even in highly specialized areas.
The minimum age t serve as an internatinal UN Vlunteer is 18 years ld. Hwever, there are specific requirements fr varius categries: UN Yuth Vlunteers, including University Vlunteers, must be aged 18-26, UN Vlunteer specialists must be at least 27years ld, and UN Expert Vlunteers must be 35 years f age and abve.
There may als be requirements f relevant prfessinal and academic experience, as well as language prficiency (熟练). Refer t the Descriptin f Assignment fr the UN Vlunteer assignment fr the psitin yu are applying fr because different assignments have their specific requirements.
All UN Vlunteers must display a cmmitment t the values and principles f vlunteerism and the activities f the United Natins and the UN Charter, and an ability t wrk in a multicultural envirnment and with lcal partners and cmmunities. They shuld be prepared t adjust t difficult living cnditins in smetimes remte lcatins. UN Vlunteers shuld be prfessinal, with strng interpersnal and rganizatinal skills.
21. Which is a requirement fr being an internatinal UN Vlunteer?
A. Having a psitive impact.
B. Being yunger than 18 years ld.
C. Having relevant wrk experience.
D. Being talented in freign languages.
22. If selected as a UN vlunteer, ne will need t .
A. shw his educatin level
B. imprve lcal living cnditins
C. fllw the rules f the activities
D. cmmunicate with thers efficiently
23. Which f the fllwing statements is crrect accrding t the passage?
A. Every assignment has its particular requirements.
B. If yu meet the requirements, yu can register by email.
C. UN Vlunteers will wrk in remte lcatins independently.
D. As a vlunteer, yu shuld make principles f vlunteerism.
【答案】21. C 22. D 23. A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了要成为国际联合国志愿者的具体要求。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。由倒数第二段中“There may als be requirements f relevant prfessinal and academic experience, as well as language prficiency (熟练). (还可能对相关职业和学术经验以及语言熟练度提出要求)”可知，成为一名国际联合国志愿人员需要有相关工作经验。故选C项。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。由最后一段中“UN Vlunteers shuld be prfessinal, with strng interpersnal and rganizatinal skills. (联合国志愿人员应该是专业，具有很强的人际关系和组织能力)”可知，联合国志愿人员具有很强的人际关系，如果被选为联合国志愿人员，他/她需要与他人有效沟通。故选D项。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。由倒数第二段中“Refer t the Descriptin f Assignment fr the UN Vlunteer assignment fr the psitin yu are applying fr because different assignments have their specific requirements. (请参阅您申请职位的联合国志愿人员任务说明，因为不同的任务有其具体要求)”可知，不同的任务有其具体要求，A项“每项任务都有其特殊要求”正确。故选A项。
B
“Yur mther needs a new heart,” my father tld me when I called n that December afternn. An unrelenting ptimist, he spke as if she merely needed t have a part replaced. But, althugh my tw sisters and I knew that ur mther had heart prblems, this news still made us frzen fr a while with ur eyes widening in disbelief.
Dr. Marc Semigran f the transplant team reviewed my mther’s medical histry. She’d had an irregular and rapid heartbeat fr mst f her life. Her present treatment — the use f a series f cardiversins, r electric jlts, t restre a nrmal heartbeat — wuld nt wrk in the lng-term. She had an enlarged and weakened heart, as well as a faulty valve.
“With medicatin,” Dr. Semigran said, “yu have a 60 percent chance f living six mnths. Yu culd have a lnger life with a transplant, but there are risks. Yu’re at the tp end f the age grup f sixty years ld. The lungs and ther rgans must be healthy and strng. While the transplant surgery is actually a straightfrward prcedure, acceptance by the bdy is the difficult thing.”
My family came tgether, trying t prvide strength and wrk ut what t d. We’d already gne frm shck, ver ur mther’s cnditin, t wrry that she wuldn’t be a suitable recipient. Despite f the risk, we chse t believe that she wuld make it eventually.
Wrd came later in December that she had been accepted int the prgramme. Dr. Jeremy Ruskin tld us ne f the reasns she had been accepted was that she had such strng family supprt.
One Mnday in May, at abut 8 p. m., my mther received a phne call frm the hspital that a heart was available. As she was abut t be wheeled ff, my father tk her face in his hands and lked int her eyes. His lk said everything abut their 42-year relatinship.
The heart transplant peratin was successful and the cnditins culd nt have been better.
The irny f the transplant prcess is that ne family’s lss is anther’s gain; that tragedy begets frtune. It is a kind f life after death, ur hearts beating beynd us. We develped a feeling f lve fr this new part, f gratitude fr the dctrs, fr the prcess, and fr thse peple wh made a decisin just fr humanity.
24. Hw did the sisters feel t the news that their mther needed a new heart?
A. Frightened.B. Astnished.C. Wrried.D. Annyed.
25. Which is the factr t affect the pssibility f their mther’s heart transplant?
A. Her abnrmal heart beat.
B. The age f ver sixty years ld.
C. Her willingness t the transplant.
D. The adaptatin f the new heart in the bdy.
26. What made the transplant team decide t have the peratin?
A. That her lungs were healthy.
B. That a new heart had been fund.
C That her family were expecting the peratin.
D. That her family trusted the dctrs' medical level.
27. What can we learn frm the passage?
A. Family supprt is f great imprtance.
B. Frtune favrs thse wh are ptimistic.
C. Cnfidence helps patients vercme difficulties.
D. Getting prepared befre accepting a treatment matters.
【答案】24. B 25. D 26. C 27. A
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了，作者母亲常年心脏不好，现在需要进行心脏移植，家人虽担心母亲是否能心脏移植成功，但大家相信她最终会成功，最终心脏移植手术很成功，作者感谢献出心脏的家庭。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。由第一段中“But, althugh my tw sisters and I knew that ur mther had heart prblems, this news still made us frzen fr a while with ur eyes widening in disbelief. (但是，尽管我和我的两个姐妹都知道我们的母亲有心脏问题，但这个消息还是让我们停住不动了一段时间，难以置信地睁大了眼睛)”可知，听到母亲需要一颗新的心脏的消息，作者和姐妹感到惊讶。故选B项。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。由第三段中“Yu culd have a lnger life with a transplant, but there are risks. Yu’re at the tp end f the age grup f sixty years ld. The lungs and ther rgans must be healthy and strng. While the transplant surgery is actually a straightfrward prcedure, acceptance by the bdy is the difficult thing. (你可以通过移植活得更长，但也有风险。你处于60岁年龄组的顶端。肺部和其他器官必须健康强壮。虽然移植手术实际上是一个简单的过程，但被身体接受是一件困难的事情)”可知，心脏移植有风险，因为移植后新的心脏被身体接受是一件困难的事情，说明新的心脏在身体中的适应是影响母亲心脏移植可能性的因素。故选D项。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。由第五段“Wrd came later in December that she had been accepted int the prgramme. Dr. Jeremy Ruskin tld us ne f the reasns she had been accepted was that she had such strng family supprt. (12月晚些时候，有消息称她已被心脏移植项目录取。Jeremy Ruskin博士告诉我们，她被录取的原因之一是她有如此强大的家庭支持)”可知，全家人支持母亲进行心脏移植（即家人正期待着心脏移植手术）是让移植团队决定给母亲进行手术的原因。故选C项。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。由第三段中“Yu culd have a lnger life with a transplant, but there are risks. (你可以通过移植活得更长，但也有风险)”，第四段“My family came tgether, trying t prvide strength and wrk ut what t d. We’d already gne frm shck, ver ur mther’s cnditin, t wrry that she wuldn’t be a suitable recipient. Despite f the risk, we chse t believe that she wuld make it eventually. (我的家人聚在一起，努力提供力量，想办法做什么。我们已经对母亲的病情感到震惊，担心她不会是一个合适的接受者。尽管有风险，我们还是选择相信她最终会成功)”，第五段“Wrd came later in December that she had been accepted int the prgramme. Dr. Jeremy Ruskin tld us ne f the reasns she had been accepted was that she had such strng family supprt. (12月晚些时候，有消息称她已被心脏移植项目录取。Jeremy Ruskin博士告诉我们，她被录取的原因之一是她有如此强大的家庭支持)”和倒数第二段“The heart transplant peratin was successful and the cnditins culd nt have been better. (心脏移植手术很成功，而且情况再好不过了)”可知，尽管母亲进行心脏移植有风险，但全家人支持母亲进行心脏移植，也正是因为家人的支持母亲才被心脏移植项目录取，最终手术成功，可得出家庭支持非常重要。故选A项。
C
Artificial intelligence is almst twice as accurate as a bipsy (活组织检查) at judging the aggressiveness f sme cancers, experts say. Cancer kills 10 millin peple glbally every year, accrding t the WHO. But fr patients the disease can be prevented if detected instantly and dealt with quickly.
A recent study suggested an AI algrithm (算法) was far better than a bipsy at crrectly grading the aggressiveness f sarcmas (肉瘤), a rare frm f cancer. Researchers hpe AI will imprve utcmes fr patients by giving dctrs a mre accurate way f grading tumurs (肿瘤). Because high-grade tumurs can indicate aggressive disease, the tl culd help ensure thse high-risk patients are identified mre quickly and treated instantly. Lw-risk patients culd als be spared unnecessary treatments, fllw-up scans and hspital visits.
Researchers say the algrithm culd be applied t ther types f cancer in future. The team specifically lked at retrperitneal sarcmas, which develp at the back f the abdmen and are difficult t diagnse (诊断) and treat due t their lcatin. They used CT scans frm 170 patients with the tw mst cmmn frms f retrperitneal sarcma — leimysarcma and lipsarcma. Using data frm these scans they created an AI algrithm, which was then tested n 89 patients in ther cuntries. In grading hw aggressive the tumur was, the technlgy was accurate in 82% f the cases, while bipsies were 44%.
AI culd als recgnize leimysarcma and lipsarcma in 84% f sarcmas tested, while radilgists were able t identify them in 65% f the cases. Christina Messiu, the study leader, said: “We’re incredibly excited by the ptential f this state-f-the-art technlgy, which culd lead t patients having better utcmes thrugh faster diagnsis. As patients with retrperitneal sarcma are rutinely scanned with CT, we hpe this tl will eventually be used glbally, ensuring that nt just specialist centres can reliably identify and grade the disease.”
Richard Davisn, chief executive f Sarcma UK, said the results lked “very prmising”. He added: “Peple are mre likely t survive sarcma if diagnsed early. One in six peple with sarcma cancer wait mre than a year t receive an accurate diagnsis, s any research that helps patients receive better treatment and supprt is welcme.”
28. Accrding t the passage, AI is capable f .
A. grading the risk f sarcmas
B. measuring the scale f sarcmas
C. prviding cancer treatment fr clinicians
D. classifying cancers with its advanced algrithm
29. What can be inferred frm this passage?
A. Mre sarcmas can be detected with the help f AI.
B. Bipsies will be replaced by AI algrithm in identifying cancers.
C. Mre patients suffering frm cancers will benefit frm AI algrithm.
D. AI algrithm has been applied in hspitals fr detecting mst cancers.
30. What is the passage mainly abut?
A. AI has a prfund market in curing cancers.
B. New treatments fr sarcmas are well underway.
C. AI helps identify high-risk and lw-risk patients.
D. AI des better in assessing sme types f sarcmas.
【答案】28. A 29. C 30. D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究表明在判断某些癌症的侵袭性方面人工智能的准确度几乎是活检的两倍，可以对肉瘤的风险进行分级。文章详细介绍了其研究过程，研究人员认为该算法未来可以应用于其他类型的癌症。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。由第二段中“A recent study suggested an AI algrithm (算法) was far better than a bipsy at crrectly grading the aggressiveness f sarcmas (肉瘤), a rare frm f cancer. Researchers hpe AI will imprve utcmes fr patients by giving dctrs a mre accurate way f grading tumurs (肿瘤). (最近的一项研究表明，在正确分级肉瘤（一种罕见的癌症）的侵袭性方面，人工智能算法远优于活组织检查。研究人员希望人工智能能为医生提供更准确的肿瘤分级方法，从而改善患者的预后)”可知，人工智能有能力对肉瘤的风险进行分级。故选A项。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。由第三段中“Researchers say the algrithm culd be applied t ther types f cancer in future. (研究人员表示，该算法未来可以应用于其他类型的癌症)”可得出，更多的癌症患者将受益于AI算法。故选C项。
【30题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段中“Artificial intelligence is almst twice as accurate as a bipsy (活组织检查) at judging the aggressiveness f sme cancers, experts say. (专家表示，在判断某些癌症的侵袭性方面，人工智能的准确度几乎是活检的两倍)”和第二段中“A recent study suggested an AI algrithm (算法) was far better than a bipsy at crrectly grading the aggressiveness f sarcmas (肉瘤), a rare frm f cancer. (最近的一项研究表明，在正确分级肉瘤（一种罕见的癌症）的侵袭性方面，人工智能算法远优于活组织检查)”可知，文章介绍了研究表明在判断某些癌症的侵袭性方面，人工智能的准确度几乎是活检的两倍，可以对肉瘤的风险进行分级。D项“人工智能在评估某些类型的肉瘤方面做得更好”符合文意。故选D项。
D
A recent glbal study, which surveyed 10,000 yung peple frm 10 cuntries, shwed that nearly 60 percent f them were extremely wrried abut the future state f the planet. The reprt, which was published in The Lancet, als shwed that nearly half f the respndents said that such distress affected them daily, and three quarters agreed with the statement that “the future is frightening.” This, alng with many ther studies, shws clearly that climate change is nt just a threat t the envirnment that we inhabit. It als pses a very real threat t ur emtinal well-being. Psychlgists have categrized these feelings f grief and wrry abut the current climate emergency, a cmmn ccurrence amng yuth tday, under the label f “ec-anxiety”.
Ec-anxiety desn’t just affect yung peple. It als affects researchers wh wrk in climate and eclgical science, burdened by the reality depicted by their findings, and it affects the mst ecnmically marginalized (边缘化的) acrss the glbe, wh bear the damaging impacts f climate breakdwn.
In 2024, ec-anxiety will rise t becme ne f the leading causes f mental health prblems. The reasns are bvius. Scientists estimate that the wrld is likely t breach safe limits f temperature rise abve pre-industrial levels fr the first time by 2027.
In recent years, we’ve seen wildfires tear thrugh Canada and Greece, and summer flds ruin regins in Pakistan that are hme t nearly 33 millin peple. Studies have shwn that thse impacted by air pllutin and rising temperatures are mre likely t experience psychlgical distress.
T make matters wrse, facing climate crisis, ur plitical class is nt ffering strng leadership. The COP28 cnference in Dubai will be headed by an il and gas cmpany executive. In the UK, the gvernment is backtracking n its green cmmitments.
Frtunately, greater levels f ec-anxiety will als ffer an avenue fr reslving the climate crisis directly. Accrding t Carline Hickman, a researcher n ec-anxiety frm the University f Bath, anyne experiencing ec-anxiety is displaying entirely natural and ratinal reactins t the climate crisis. This is why, in 2024, we will als see mre peple arund the wrld jin the fight fr climate justice and seek jbs that priritize envirnmental sustainability. Campaigners will put increased pressure n fssil fuel industries and the gvernments t rapidly abandn the usage f plluting cal, il, and gas.
It’s nw clear that nt nly are these industries the main causes fr the climate crisis, they are als respnsible fr the mental health crisis, which is starting t affect mst f us. Ec-anxiety is nt smething we will defeat with therapy, but smething we will tackle by taking actin.
31. What can we learn frm the passage?
A. The cause f ec-anxiety is emtins existing in ur mind.
B. Peple in develped cuntries are mre likely t suffer frm ec-anxiety.
C. Ec-anxiety is a new kind f psychlgical disease due t climate change.
D. The authr is disappinted abut gvernment behaviur twards climate crisis.
32. What des the underlined wrd “breach” in Paragraph 3 mst prbably mean?
A. Break.B. Reach.C. Raise.D. Affect.
33. As fr Carline Hickman’s pinin n ec-anxiety, the authr is .
A. puzzledB. favurableC. suspiciusD. uncncerned
34. What wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A. Wh Is t Blame fr Ec-anxiety?
B. Hw Shuld Yu See Ec-anxiety?
C. Hw Will Ec-anxiety Be Reslved?
D. Why D Peple Suffer frm Ec-anxiety?
【答案】31. D 32. A 33. B 34. B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了，气候变化不仅威胁到我们所居住的环境。它还对我们的情绪健康构成了非常现实的威胁，因为对地球的未来状况极为担忧，许多人会有“生态焦虑”，作者解释了它的影响、好处和应对策略。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。由第五段中“T make matters wrse, facing climate crisis, ur plitical class is nt ffering strng leadership. (更糟糕的是，面对气候危机，我们的政治阶层没有提供强有力的领导)”和“In the UK, the gvernment is backtracking n its green cmmitments. (在英国，政府正在背弃其绿色承诺)”可知，作者认为面对气候危机，政府不是无作为就是背弃其绿色承诺，可得出作者对政府应对气候危机的行为感到失望。故选D项。
【32题详解】
词句猜测题。由第一段中“Psychlgists have categrized these feelings f grief and wrry abut the current climate emergency, a cmmn ccurrence amng yuth tday, under the label f “ec-anxiety”. (心理学家将这些对当前气候紧急情况的悲伤和担忧归类为“生态焦虑”，这在当今年轻人中很常见)”和第四段中“In recent years, we’ve seen wildfires tear thrugh Canada and Greece (近年来，我们看到野火肆虐加拿大和希腊)”及“Studies have shwn that thse impacted by air pllutin and rising temperatures are mre likely t experience psychlgical distress. (研究表明，那些受到空气污染和气温上升影响的人更有可能经历心理痛苦)”可知，人们因对当前气候紧急情况（如空气污染和气温上升）的悲伤和担忧而产生“生态焦虑”，而当前气候紧急情况在加剧，野火肆虐加拿大和希腊，说明全球气温在不断升高，再结合第三段中“In 2024, ec-anxiety will rise t becme ne f the leading causes f mental health prblems. (2024年，生态焦虑将上升为心理健康问题的主要原因之一)”和“Scientists estimate that the wrld is likely t breach safe limits f temperature rise abve pre-industrial levels fr the first time by 2027. (科学家估计，到2027年，世界可能首次breach气温上升超过工业化前水平的安全极限)”可知，生态焦虑在继续，说明当前气候紧急情况并未得到缓解，而是在加剧，到2027年，世界可能首次“打破”气温上升超过工业化前水平的安全极限，划线词意为“Break”。故选A项。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。由倒数第二段中“Frtunately, greater levels f ec-anxiety will als ffer an avenue fr reslving the climate crisis directly. Accrding t Carline Hickman, a researcher n ec-anxiety frm the University f Bath, anyne experiencing ec-anxiety is displaying entirely natural and ratinal reactins t the climate crisis. (幸运的是，更大程度的生态焦虑也将为直接解决气候危机提供途径。巴斯大学生态焦虑研究人员卡罗琳·希克曼表示，任何经历生态焦虑的人都会对气候危机表现出完全自然和理性的反应)”可知，更大程度的生态焦虑也将让人们对气候危机表现出完全自然和理性的反应，为直接解决气候危机提供途径，Carline Hickman对生态焦虑持赞同态度。故选B项。
【34题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了气候变化不仅威胁到我们所居住的环境。它还对我们的情绪健康构成了非常现实的威胁，因为对地球的未来状况极为担忧，许多人会有“生态焦虑”，作者解释了它的影响、好处和应对策略，B项“你应该如何看待生态焦虑？”适合做标题。故选B项。
第二节 (共5小题； 每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Mre than a quarter have t enlarge the fnt size n their mbile phne s they can read it clearly. ____35____ Meanwhile, 28% regularly squint (眯眼看) at the screen. And all f them are signs f eye disrder.
“The research has shwn ur eyes are nt designed t be fixed n a single bject fr a lng time, especially smaller laptps r smart devices. ____36____ Even wrse, staring at the screen cnstantly can lead t dry eye syndrme,” says Giles Edmnds, a clinical service directr.
Dry eye syndrme is a cnditin where the eyes d nt make enugh tears, r the tears evaprate t quickly. Here are sme simple slutins t prevent eye strain and irritatin, and preserve yur eye health verall.
Rest yur eyes.
Fllw the 20:20:20 rule, lking up frm yur screen every 20 minutes and lk at smething 20 feet away fr at least 20 secnds. ____37____ It in turn reduces eye tiredness.
Adjust yur wrkstatin.
Change yur screen settings t ensure that the brightness and cntrast are balanced crrectly, as well as making fnts larger. Als, be mindful f hw yur wrkstatin is psitined. Adjust yur screen ensuring it is 15—20 degrees belw eye level and arund 50—70 cm away frm the eyes. ___38___
Reduce glare (眩光).
____39____. Try reducing this by attaching an anti-glare screen t yur mnitr r laptp t avid external light shining nt the screen. Glasses wearers can als have lenses treated with an anti-glare cating.
A. Peple shuld try t reduce the time spent n the screen.
B. One can read his favrite paper bks instead f e-bks.
C. Half cnfess they’re frced t enlarge images t see them clearly.
D. Anther thing t fcus n is t make sure yur rm is prperly lit.
E. Lking int the distance helps relax the fcusing muscles f yur eyes.
F. Reflectins n yur cmputer screen can cause glare and lead t eye fatigue.
G. They may feel uncmfrtable, painful, tired and even start t itch (发痒) r burn.
【答案】35. C 36. G 37. E 38. D 39. F
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了长时间使用小屏幕设备对眼睛造成的危害，并提供了一些预防眼睛疲劳和刺激、保护眼睛健康的简单方法。
【35题详解】
根据空前“Mre than a quarter have t enlarge the fnt size n their mbile phne s they can read it clearly. (超过四分之一的人不得不把手机上的字体放大，这样才能看得清楚)”以及空后“Meanwhile, 28% regularly squint(眯眼看) at the screen. (与此同时，28%的人经常眯着眼睛看屏幕)”可知，空前空后都是“And all f them are signs f eye disrder. (这些都是眼部疾病的征兆。)”。选项C“Half cnfess they’re frced t enlarge images t see them clearly. (一半的人承认他们被迫放大图像才能看得清楚)”与空前空后内容相一致，指的都是眼部疾病的征兆。故选C。
【36题详解】
根据空后内容“Even wrse, staring at the screen cnstantly can lead t dry eye syndrme (更糟糕的是，一直盯着屏幕会导致干眼症)”可推测，空处指的应该是盯着屏幕会给眼睛带来损伤。选项G“They may feel uncmfrtable, painful, tired and even start t itch (发痒) r burn. (他们可能会感到不舒服、疼痛、疲倦，甚至开始发痒或灼烧)”与下文内容一致，指的都是长时间盯着屏幕会让眼睛受损。故选G。
【37题详解】
根据空前内容“Fllw the 20:20:20 rule, lking up frm yur screen every 20 minutes and lk at smething 20 feet away fr at least 20 secnds. (遵循20:20:20规则，每20分钟从屏幕上抬起头，看向20英尺以外的地方至少20秒)”可知，此处具体介绍可以遵循的用眼规则。选项E“Lking int the distance helps relax the fcusing muscles f yur eyes. (看远处有助于放松眼睛的聚焦肌肉)”是上文内容的自然延续，指的是看远处可以放松眼睛的聚焦肌肉，同时引出下文“It in turn reduces eye tiredness. (从而减少眼睛疲劳)”。故选E。
【38题详解】
根据上文内容“Change yur screen settings t ensure that the brightness and cntrast are balanced crrectly, as well as making fnts larger. Als, be mindful f hw yur wrkstatin is psitined. Adjust yur screen ensuring it is 15-20 degrees belw eye level and arund 50-70 cm away frm the eyes. (更改屏幕设置以确保亮度和对比度正确平衡，并使字体更大。此外，要注意工作站的位置。调整你的屏幕，确保它比眼睛低15—20度，离眼睛大约50—70厘米)”可知，上文提到了调整工作站，包括调整屏幕的位置和亮度等，而合适的照明环境也是保护眼睛的重要因素之一。选项D“Anther thing t fcus n is t make sure yur rm is prperly lit. (另一件需要注意的事情是确保你的房间光线充足)”提醒读者还要注意照明环境，以全面保护眼睛健康，与本段内容相符。故选D。
【39题详解】
根据小标题“Reduce glare(眩光) (减少炫光)”可知，本段建议我们要减少炫光。选项F“Reflectins n yur cmputer screen can cause glare and lead t eye fatigue. (电脑屏幕上的反光会引起眩光，导致眼睛疲劳)”提到了电脑屏幕引起的眩光问题，从而自然引出下文“Try reducing this by attaching an anti-glare screen t yur mnitr r laptp t avid external light shining nt the screen.(试着在你的显示器或笔记本电脑上安装一个防眩光屏幕，以避免外部光线照射到屏幕上。)”，以与本段内容相一致。故选F。
第三部分 书面表达 (共两节，32分)
第一节 (共4小题; 第40、41题各2分, 第42题3分, 第43题5分, 共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
The first pairs f jeans were designed fr blue-cllar wrkers. Over the curse f the 20th century, the wrking-class pants have transfrmed int fashin icns and becme ppular arund the wrld. Hwever, each new pair yu buy has a much higher cst than yu might think.
Every pair f jeans takes abut 0.7 kilgrams f cttn. Grwing this much cttn requires rughly 10,000 liters f water, nt t mentin varius herbicides and pesticides, which can pllute grundwater. Typically, plastic fibers are mixed with cttn threads t increase cmfrt and flexibility. In rder t dye the clth, chemical sprays and several cycles f acid-washing are adpted, discharging txic pllutants int rivers and even turn them int indig-blue. Als, there are the zippers, buttns, and rivets made f cpper and ther metals, whse mining is yet anther surce f envirnmental degradatin. All in all, the manufacturing (制造) prcess fr a single pair f jeans emits ver 33 kilgrams f carbn — the equivalent f driving ver 110 kilmeters.
Like many glbally prduced prducts, jeans are made in pr cuntries and bught in rich nes. Much f the wrld’s cttn is grwn in develping cuntries, with pr labr practices and few prtectins fr wrkers. Cttn here is ften picked by children r frced labr. And their health may be threatened by pisnus chemicals during prductin. Because f the fast-paced and rugh manufacturing with unnatural materials, tday, mst pairs last n lnger than a year. Like mst waste, discarded jeans end up in landfills, where their decmpsitin releases greenhuse gas. Sme gvernments are pursuing plicies t make cmpanies mre respnsible fr wrker pay and welfare, but unsustainable practices still run crazy thrughut the fashin industry.
40. Wh may be the first cnsumers f jeans?
____________________________________________________________________________________________
41. Why are plastic fibers used when pairs f jeans are made?
____________________________________________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
Jeans are made in pr cuntries, where wrkers’ health is well prtected.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
43. What suggestins wuld yu give t reduce the damage caused by jeans? (In abut 40 wrds)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】40. Blue-cllar wrkers.
41. Because they can increase cmfrt and flexibility./T increase cmfrt and flexibility.
42. Jeans are made in pr cuntries, where wrkers’ health is well prtected.
Accrding t the passage, their health may be threatened by pisnus chemicals during prductin.
43. Jeans shuld be made f rganic cttn that desn’t use fertilizers and pesticides, which has a smaller impact n the envirnment and human health. Secnd, manufacturer cllect discarded jeans fr recycling, such as manufacturing envirnmentally friendly shpping bags and ther prducts.
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了牛仔裤很受当代人欢迎，但制作牛仔裤过程会对环境产生破坏，牛仔裤在贫穷国家生产，这也对发展中国家的人民和环境有害，而废弃的牛仔裤分解后会释放出温室气体。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。由第一段中“The first pairs f jeans were designed fr blue-cllar wrkers. Over the curse f the 20th century, the wrking-class pants have transfrmed int fashin icns (第一条牛仔裤是为蓝领工人设计的。在20世纪，工人阶级的裤子已经转变为时尚偶像)”可知，牛仔裤的第一批消费者是蓝领工人。故答案为：Blue-cllar wrkers.
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。由第二段中“Typically, plastic fibers are mixed with cttn threads t increase cmfrt and flexibility. (通常，塑料纤维与棉线混合以增加舒适度和灵活性)”可知，制作牛仔裤时要使用塑料纤维是因为它们可以增加舒适度和灵活性。故答案为：Because they can increase cmfrt and flexibility./T increase cmfrt and flexibility.
【42题详解】
考查细节理解。由第三段中“Much f the wrld’s cttn is grwn in develping cuntries, with pr labr practices and few prtectins fr wrkers. (世界上大部分棉花种植在发展中国家，这些国家的劳动惯例很差，对工人的保护也很少)”和“And their health may be threatened by pisnus chemicals during prductin. (在生产过程中，他们的健康可能会受到有毒化学物质的威胁)”可知，贫穷国家对工人的保护很少，在生产过程中，他们的健康可能会受到有毒化学物质的威胁，工人的健康得不到很好的保护，“wrkers’ health is well prtected”错误。故答案为：Jeans are made in pr cuntries, where wrkers’ health is well prtected. Accrding t the passage, their health may be threatened by pisnus chemicals during prductin.
【43题详解】
考查开放答题。针对如何减少牛仔裤造成的环境伤害，我建议：牛仔裤应该由不使用化肥和杀虫剂的有机棉制成，这对环境和人类健康的影响较小。其次，制造商可以收集废弃的牛仔裤进行回收，例如制造环保购物袋和其他产品。故答案为：Jeans shuld be made f rganic cttn that desn’t use fertilizers and pesticides, which has a smaller impact n the envirnment and human health. Secnd, manufacturer cllect discarded jeans fr recycling, such as manufacturing envirnmentally friendly shpping bags and ther prducts.
第二节(20分)
44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。国际月季节(Internatinal Rse Festival) 将于下周在北京举办。你得知你校外教Jim对花卉十分感兴趣，想邀请他一同参加。请你用英文给他写一封邮件，内容包括：
1. 介绍国际月季节基本信息；
2. 介绍其亮点。
注意: 1. 词数100左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
Learning yu’re interested in flwers, I’m writing t invite yu t attend Internatinal Rse Festival. It will be held in the Rse Valley next Friday.
This event is a celebratin f beauty and culture, aiming t attract peple frm all ver the wrld t appreciate beautiful rses. It starts with a grand parade and is fllwed by activities including rse exhibitins, cultural perfrmances and rse cultivatin wrkshps.
As a lcal student, I’m excited abut the Internatinal Rse Festival. It nt nly ffers chances t enjy the pleasure f gardening, but als enlarges yur knwledge n varius kinds f rses.
I’m sure yu will enjy the festival. Wuld yu like t cme with me?
Lking frward t yur reply.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一封邮件邀请对花卉十分感兴趣的外教Jim参加下周在北京举办的国际月季节。
【详解】1.词汇积累
对……感兴趣：be interested in→have an interest in
和：and→as well as
机会：chance→pprtunity
各种各样的：varius→a variety f
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：This event is a celebratin f beauty and culture, aiming t attract peple frm all ver the wrld t appreciate beautiful rses.
拓展句：This event is a celebratin f beauty and culture, which aims t attract peple frm all ver the wrld t appreciate beautiful rses.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Learning yu’re interested in flwers, I’m writing t invite yu t attend Internatinal Rse Festival. (运用了现在分词作状语和省略that引导的宾语从句)
【高分句型2】I’m sure yu will enjy the festival. (运用了省略that引导的宾语从句)