2024年北京市西城区高三下学期高考一模英语试卷含详解

这是一份2024年北京市西城区高三下学期高考一模英语试卷含详解，共28页。试卷主要包含了 5分，共15分）等内容，欢迎下载使用。
第一节（共10小题；每小题1. 5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
When Susan was a high schl senir, her English teacher Mr. DiMe gave the class a challenging task: Recite a pem in frnt f the whle class.
“I had a mild stutter (结巴). I’d be ____1____ t get a wrd ut that might begin with ‘D’ r ‘TH’, r I might say ‘the’ three times,” Susan said. The thught f getting up in frnt f her classmates and stuttering thrugh the pem was t much t ____2____.
Susan went hme and ____3____ hw scared she was t her mm, wh agreed t write a nte asking fr her t be ____4____ frm ding the task in frnt f the whle class.
When the day f the recitatin came, Susan recited the pem ne-n-ne t Mr. DiMe. ____5____ she was dne, Mr. DiMe said smething she’d never heard befre: that he liked listening t her vice. Fr the first time, she cnsidered the pssibility that public speaking didn’t have t be a surce f ____6____.
Susan went n t graduate frm high schl and g t cllege. She never gt t prperly thank Mr. DiMe. But smetime after cllege, she ____7____ a jb as a crprate trainer. The new psitin made her realize hw big a (n)____8____ he had had n her cnfidence.
“I stand up in frnt f peple and speak, and I d it all the time. If I d stutter nce in a while, n big deal,” she said. Susan recently fund a way t ____9____ her frmer teacher, and plans n sending him a letter expressing her appreciatin.
In her mind, Mr. DiMe is an unsung her, because he’s a big reasn why she has a successful career and life. “I dn’t knw where I wuld’ve gne if I felt like I had t keep my vice ____10____ because I was afraid f embarrassing myself. I’d like t thank him fr that kindness.”
1.
A. cntinuingB. strugglingC. pretendingD. hping
2.
A. shareB. expressC. findD. bear
3.
A taughtB. prvedC. revealedD. prmised
4.
A. excusedB. prhibitedC. crrectedD. discuraged
5.
A. WhileB. AlthughC. UnlessD. Once
6.
A. jealusyB. wrryC. bredmD. lneliness
7.
A. wantedB. fferedC. landedD. created
8.
A. impactB. ideaC. chiceD. stress
9.
A. judgeB. cntactC. studyD. interview
10.
A. sweetB. ludC. quietD. deep
第二节（共10小题；每小题1. 5分，共15分）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
A
语法填空
I’ll never frget my first visit t China. Mum encuraged me t try different kinds f fd, and I did! I lved everything. But just when I thught I culd deal with all Chinese fd, I came acrss stinky tfu. A hrrible grey thing that lked and smelt like a burnt sprts she. “Yu needn’t try it ____11____ yu dn’t want t, ”Mum said. But I ____12____ (gather) all my curage t take a bite and was amazed t find it wasn’t s bad. It reminded me f blue cheese, a similarly strng smelling type f fd yu either lve r hate. Maybe I ____13____ (fall) in lve with stinky tfu-smeday.
B
语法填空
The 5-Secnd Rule suggests fd is OK t eat if yu pick it up ____14____five secnds r less. Believe it r nt, scientists have tested the rule. We’re srry t reprt it’s nt necessarily true. Bacteria can attach ____15____ (it) t yur fd instantly, regardless f hw quickly it ____16____ (pick) up. Fd left there fr five secnds r less will prbably cllect less bacteria than fd sitting there fr a lnger time, but fast may nt be fast enugh. Flrs, even clean-lking nes, harbr bacteria. Ultimately, if in dubt, abandn the fd ____17____ (avid) ptential illness.
C
语法填空
Yur hmetwn culd affect yur navigatinal (导航的) skills. New research indicates that individuals ____18____ (raise) in cities with structured street patterns may encunter difficulties in navigatin cmpared t thse frm rural areas with mre rganic layuts. This cnclusin was drawn frm a study ____19____ (invlve) players f a mbile game abut sea, ____20____ tests 3-D navigatin skills. Hwever, there’s hpe fr city residents: an urban versin f the game shwed slight imprvements fr them.
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Discvery Pass
With a NSW TrainLink Discvery Pass, yu can
• get unlimited bked travel t mre than 365 destinatins n the NSW TrainLink Reginal train and cach netwrk
• chse a pass that suits yur travel plans: 14 days, ne mnth, three mnths r six mnths
• chse a class f travel that suits yur style: Ecnmy r First Class (Premium).
Please nte that yu cannt bk a child ticket nline with a Discvery Pass. Yu will instead need t call 13 22 32 r visit a sales agent.
Befre purchasing a pass, please read the relevant terms and rules. A NSW TrainLink Discvery Pass is nn-refundable and it cannt be assigned t anther persn.
Prices
Hw t purchase a pass and bk trips
Step 1: Purchase a Discvery Pass
Chse a time limit and class f travel that suits yur needs.
Step 2: Bk yur trips
After yu purchase a Discvery Pass, yu have up t ne mnth t bk yur first trip. The time limit n yur pass will start frm the departure date f yur first bked trip. All trips must be bked and taken befre the expiry (到期) date indicated n the pass. Yu must bk each trip befre yu travel.
Find ut mre abut ways t bk yur ticket? Visit ur website:
https: /transprtnsw.inf/tickets-pal/reginal-tickets-fares/ways-t-bk-yur-ticket
21. Yu can use a NSW TrainLink Discvery Pass t ______.
A. bk a child ticket nlineB. chse a class f travel that suits yu
C. chse a weekly mnthly r yearly passD. get bked travel t unlimited destinatins
22. If a mther with a child wants t buy a ne-mnth NSW TrainLink Discvery Pass fr Ecnmy Class, she shuld pay .
A. $353B. $418C. $693D. $876
23. What can we knw abut a NSW TrainLink Discvery Pass?
A. A pass can be given t anther persn.
B. A pass can be refunded t NSW Trains.
C. The time limit n a pass starts frm the day f yur purchase.
D. Yu shuld bk yur first trip within ne mnth after yur purchase.
B
As this year draws t a clse, I still remember the fear I felt n a bright Saturday mrning in late September, at a five-kilmeter race in Clarkstn, Gergia, as I waited fr my 11-year-ld sn at the finish line.
I knew he culd run a 5k in abut 30 minutes. When I didn't see him at the 35-minute mark I began t wnder what had gne wrng. Had he gtten lst? Was he hit by a car? Abut an hur earlier, when we drve int twn, my sn nticed an insect n my car. It was bright green, n lnger than a fingernail. And it was friendly. This little green thing hpped nt my sn's finger, where it stayed fr a lng, lng time. It stayed s lng that we eventually gave it a name: Little Friend.
A few minutes befre the race, Little Friend jumped ff my sn’s hand and landed n the sidewalk. But pedestrian traffic was heavy and unpredictable. Little Friend was in danger. S my sn knelt and reached ut his hand. Little Friend came back.
The race was abut t start, and the tiny green insect was in fr a wild ride. My sn wuld run fast, and the race wuld be lng, and his arms wuld swing, and Little Friend wuld eventually be shaken ff.
“Yu will lse Little Friend,” I tld him.
My sn ndded, treating the mment with apprpriate seriusness.
The race began, and I lst sight f him.
The excitement at the finish line gave way t anxiety when my sn did nt shw up.
I kept asking peple if they'd seen him. N ne had. And beynd the 40-minute mark, I was in a panic.
But there he was, thank gdness, just ahead f the 45-minute mark.
And there was Little Friend, riding n the upper crk f his right thumb like a very small captain n a very tall ship.
My predictins had been wrng. My sn had nt run fast, and he had nt lst Little Friend. And these tw facts seemed smehw related. He blamed a cld he was getting ver. I suspected it was mre than that, but I didn’t questin him t much abut it.
We walked back t the car, smiling, and fund sme bushes in the parking lt that seemed like a gd place fr my sn t drp ff Little Friend.
“Be free,” my sn said, and gently put it in the bushes.
My sn knew the truth. Smetimes life gives yu smething beautiful, a fragile, shrt-lived treasure in yur hand. There is n need t rush ahead. Treat it gently. Enjy each mment. Hld n while yu can.
One day my sn will leave t, running ff n his wn adventure.
24. Hw did the writer prbably feel when he finally saw his sn appear in sight?
A. Relieved.B. Depressed.C. Satisfied.D. Disappinted.
25. The sn failed t run as fast as his father had expected prbably because ________.
A. he was lstB. he was recvering frm a cld
C. he was afraid t lse the tiny insectD. he was slwed dwn by the heavy traffic
26. As fr the way his sn treated Little Friend, the writer is ________.
A. indifferentB. anxiusC. appreciativeD. dubtful
27. What will the writer mst prbably d after the race?
A. Treasure every mment he has with his sn.
B. Encurage his sn t take mre adventures.
C. Tell his sn t take races seriusly.
D. Get mre insects fr his sn.
C
Evan Selinger, prfessr in RIT’s Department f Philsphy, has taken an interest in the ethics (伦理标准) f Al and the plicy gaps that need t be filled in. Thrugh a humanities viewpint, Selinger asks the questins, “Hw can AI cause harm, and what can gvernments and cmpanies creating Al prgrams d t address and manage it?” Answering them, he explained, requires an interdisciplinary apprach.
“AI ethics g beynd technical fixes. Philsphers and ther humanities experts are uniquely skilled t address the nuanced (微妙的) principles, value cnflicts, and pwer dynamics. These skills aren’t just crucial fr addressing current issues. We desperately need them t prmte anticipatry (先行的) gvernance, ” said Selinger.
One example that illustrates hw philsphy and humanities experts can help guide these new rapidly grwing technlgies is Selinger’s wrk cllabrating with a special AI prject. “One f the skills I bring t the table is identifying cre ethical issues in emerging technlgies that haven’t been built r used by the public. We can take preventative steps t limit risk, including changing hw the technlgy is designed, ”said Selinger.
Taking these preventative steps and regularly reassessing what risks need addressing is part f the nging jurney in pursuit f creating respnsible AI. Selinger explains that there isn’t a step-by-step apprach fr gd gvernance. “AI ethics have cre values and principles, but there’s endless disagreement abut interpreting and applying them and creating meaningful accuntability mechanisms, ” said Selinger. “Sme peple are rightly wrried that AI can becme integrated int ‘ethics washing’-weak checklists, flwery missin statements, and empty rhetric that cvers ver abuses f pwer. Frtunately, I’ve had great cnversatins abut this issue, including with sme experts, n why it is imprtant t cnsider a range f psitins. ”
Sme f Selinger’s recent research has fcused n the back-end issues with develping AI, such as the human impact that cmes with testing AI chatbts befre they’re released t the public. Other issues fcus n plicy, such as what t d abut the dangers psed by facial recgnitin and ther autmated surveillance(监视) appraches.
Selinger is making sure his students are infrmed abut the nging industry cnversatins n AI ethics and respnsible AI. “Students are ging t be future tech leaders. Nw is the time t help them think abut what gals their cmpanies shuld have and the csts f minimizing ethical cncerns. Beynd scial csts, dwnplaying ethics can negatively impact crprate culture and hiring, ” said Selinger. “T attract tp talent, yu need t cnsider whether yur cmpany matches their interests and hpes fr the future. ”
28. Selinger advcates an interdisciplinary apprach because ________.
A. humanities experts pssess skills essential fr AI ethics
B. it demnstrates the pwer f anticipatry gvernance
C. AI ethics heavily depends n technlgical slutins
D. it can avid scial cnflicts and pressing issues
29. T prmte respnsible AI, Selinger believes we shuld ________.
A. adpt a systematic apprachB. apply innvative technlgies
C. anticipate ethical risks befrehandD. establish accuntability mechanisms
30. What can be inferred frm the last tw paragraphs?
A. Mre cmpanies will use AI t attract tp talent.
B. Understanding AI ethics will help students in the future.
C. Selinger favrs cmpanies that match his students’ values.
D. Selinger is likely t fcus n back-end issues such as plicy.
D
While sme allergies (过敏症) disappear ver time r with treatment, thers last a lifetime. Fr decades, scientists have been searching fr the surce f these lifetime allergies.
Recently, researchers fund that memry B cells may be invlved. These cells prduce a different class f antibdies knwn as IgG, which ward ff viral infectins. But n ne had identified exactly which f thse cells were recalling allergens r hw they switched t making the IgE antibdies respnsible fr allergies. T uncver the mysterius cells, tw research teams tk a deep dive int the immune (免疫的) cells f peple with allergies and sme withut.
Immunlgist Jshua Kenig and clleagues examined mre than 90, 000 memry B cells frm six peple with birch allergies, fur peple allergic t dust mites and five peple with n allergies. Using a technique called RNA sequencing, the team identified specific memry B cells, which they named MBC2s that make antibdies and prteins assciated with the immune respnse that causes allergies.
In anther experiment, Kenig and clleagues used a peanut prtein t g fishing fr memry B cells frm peple with peanut allergies. The team pulled ut the same type f cells fund in peple with birch and dust mite allergies. In peple with peanut allergies, thse cells increased in number and prduced IgE antibdies as the peple started treatment t desensitize them t peanut allergens.
Anther grup led by Maria Curtt de Lafaille, an immunlgist at the Icahn Schl f Medicine at Munt Sinai in New Yrk City, als fund that similar cells were mre plentiful in 58 children allergic t peanuts than in 13 kids withut allergies. The team fund that the cells are ready t switch frm making prtective IgG antibdies t allergy-causing IgE antibdies. Even befre the switch, the cells were making RNA fr IgE but didn’t prduce the prtein. Making that RNA enables the cells t switch the type f antibdies they make when they encunter allergens. The signal t switch partially depends n a prtein called JAK, the grup discvered. “Stpping JAK frm sending the signal culd help prevent the memry cells frm switching t IgE prductin,” Lafaille says. She als predicts that allergists may be able t examine aspects f these memry cells t frecast whether a patient's allergy is likely t last r disappear with time r treatment.
“Knwing which ppulatin f cells stre allergies in lng-term memry may eventually help scientists identify ther ways t kill the allergy cells,” says Cecilia Berin, an immunlgist at Nrthwestern University Feinberg Schl f Medicine. “Yu culd ptentially get rid f nt nly yur peanut allergy but als all f yur allergies.”
31. Why did scientists investigate the immune cells f individuals with and withut allergies?
A. T explre the distinctins between IgG and IgE.
B. T uncver new antibdies knwn as IgG and IgE.
C. T identify cells respnsible fr defending against allergies.
D T reveal cells assciated with the develpment f allergies.
32. What des the wrd “desensitize” underlined in Paragraph 4 mst prbably mean?
A. Make. . . less destructive.B. Make. . . less respnsive.
C. Make. . . less prtective.D. Make. . . less effective.
33. What can we learn frm the tw research teams’ wrk?
A. MBC2s make antibdies and prteins that prevent allergies.
B. Memry B cells generate bth RNA fr IgE and the crrespnding prtein.
C. JAK plays a rle in cntrlling antibdy prductin when expsed t allergens.
D. Allergists are capable f predicting whether an allergy will last r disappear.
34. Which culd be the best title fr the passage?
A. RNA Sequencing Is Applied in Immunlgy Research
B. Specific Cells Related t Peanut Allergies Are Identified
C. Unmasking Cells’ Identities Helps Diagnse and Treat Allergies
D. Newfund Immune Cells Are Respnsible fr Lng-lasting Allergies
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Mst f us are actually terrible at giving gifts. Abut $70 billin wrth f presents are returned every year in the U. S. ____35____ Here are three ways t imprve yur gift-giving game arund the hlidays.
Stp trying t make yur gifts s delightful. ____36____ We want smething frm giving: thse lks f delight. Thse exclamatins. This is why items like hyper-specific kitchen gadgets and fancy vintage clcks all seem like fantastic gifts. But it turns ut, recipients ften want things that are far mre practical — things they can actually use.
____37____ Just give peple what they ask fr. A study lked at Amazn wish lists t determine if peple were mre appreciative f gifts frm the list versus gifts that were ttal surprises. It turned ut that peple wh gt gifts that weren’t n their list cnsidered them as less thughtful and less persnal. ____38____
Hw can we create a gift-giving plan that is as emtinal as we desire? Humans lve t feel cnnected. And ne way we d that is by sharing interests with thers. S if yu want t learn hw t give better gifts, put yurself in the recipient’s shes and try t think f smething yu bth share. Maybe it’s the lve fr a sprt, drinking wine, r sme ther hbby. ____39____ And because yu picked smething yu share, they will feel mre cnnected t yu and appreciate yur gift mre.
A. S hw d we get less terrible?
B. Surprise is verrated — we’re happier t get what we ask fr.
C. S what's the mst practical gift yu can give that peple might actually be grateful fr?
D. The lng-term pleasure f the receiver may nt be bserved and therefre is discunted.
E. Once yu’ve fund a shared interest, g and find a useful gift related t this interest.
F. What recipients care abut is hw much value they’re ging t get frm the gift ver a lnger time perid.
G. Research has shwn that givers are cnsumed by the mment f unwrapping a gift even mre than the gift itself.
第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
In a fast-paced wrld, where stress and mental tiredness seem cmmnplace, we’re cnstantly lking fr new ways t unwind. Peple may carry ut a variety f activities t help them relax. But what abut the birdsngs r ther nature sunds? Culd they als help peple t let g f the tensins f mdern life?
Accrding t a study by King’s Cllege Lndn in 2022, seeing r hearing birds culd help t bst the mental wellbeing f peple. Taking a trip t places rich in birdlife like parks, frests and canals and encuntering birds singing t each ther in the trees culd even help t treat sme mental health cnditins. And it’s nt just birds that culd have a curative effect n ur mds. Anther study cnducted by the Natinal Trust cmpared the effects f wdland sunds with viced meditatin (冥想) apps. The study fund listening t birdsng as well as ther wdland sunds like leaves crunching underft r the gentle flw f a stream bsted feelings f relaxatin 30% mre than the apps d. Other sunds which may help t cl peple dwn are waves lapping n the shre, gentle wind, and light rainfall.
Hwever, nt all f us live in rural surrundings, and depending n where we live, a trip t the cuntryside t see birds may nt be an ptin. But culd the nature sunds that riginate there still help yu? Accrding t research by Califrnia Plytechnic State University, even a recrding f the sunds f birds had a prfund effect n peple’s md, while ther studies saw peple listening t sundscapes f the cast and frests with similar utcmes t their wellbeing.
S, wherever yu live, yu can access the wnderful sunds f birds and nature during a strll thrugh a wd r via sme headphnes. And maybe listening t the chirps, trills, warbles and whistles f sme birds culd help yu t relax after a lng, hard day.
40. What did the study by King’s Cllege Lndn in 2022 find?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
41. Hw did the Natinal Trust cnduct the study?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
Accrding t the passage, birds singing, viced meditatin apps and the recrding f the sunds f nature have the same effect n peple’s md.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
43. Besides what is mentined in the passage, what d yu usually d t help yu relax in yur daily life? (In abut 40 wrds)
_____________________________________________________________________________________
第二节（20分）
44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你和你校交换生Jim准备联合参加学校组织的校园文创设计大赛(Campus Cultural and Creative Design Cmpetitin), 请给Jim发邮件，内容包括：
1. 分享你的创意;
2. 询问Jim的建议。
注意：1. 词数100左右;
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
英语试卷
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节（共10小题；每小题1. 5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
When Susan was a high schl senir, her English teacher Mr. DiMe gave the class a challenging task: Recite a pem in frnt f the whle class.
“I had a mild stutter (结巴). I’d be ____1____ t get a wrd ut that might begin with ‘D’ r ‘TH’, r I might say ‘the’ three times,” Susan said. The thught f getting up in frnt f her classmates and stuttering thrugh the pem was t much t ____2____.
Susan went hme and ____3____ hw scared she was t her mm, wh agreed t write a nte asking fr her t be ____4____ frm ding the task in frnt f the whle class.
When the day f the recitatin came, Susan recited the pem ne-n-ne t Mr. DiMe. ____5____ she was dne, Mr. DiMe said smething she’d never heard befre: that he liked listening t her vice. Fr the first time, she cnsidered the pssibility that public speaking didn’t have t be a surce f ____6____.
Susan went n t graduate frm high schl and g t cllege. She never gt t prperly thank Mr. DiMe. But smetime after cllege, she ____7____ a jb as a crprate trainer. The new psitin made her realize hw big a (n)____8____ he had had n her cnfidence.
“I stand up in frnt f peple and speak, and I d it all the time. If I d stutter nce in a while, n big deal,” she said. Susan recently fund a way t ____9____ her frmer teacher, and plans n sending him a letter expressing her appreciatin.
In her mind, Mr. DiMe is an unsung her, because he’s a big reasn why she has a successful career and life. “I dn’t knw where I wuld’ve gne if I felt like I had t keep my vice ____10____ because I was afraid f embarrassing myself. I’d like t thank him fr that kindness.”
1. A. cntinuingB. strugglingC. pretendingD. hping
2. A. shareB. expressC. findD. bear
3. A. taughtB. prvedC. revealedD. prmised
4. A. excusedB. prhibitedC. crrectedD. discuraged
5. A. WhileB. AlthughC. UnlessD. Once
6. A. jealusyB. wrryC. bredmD. lneliness
7. A. wantedB. fferedC. landedD. created
8. A. impactB. ideaC. chiceD. stress
9. A. judgeB. cntactC. studyD. interview
10. A. sweetB. ludC. quietD. deep
【答案】1. B 2. D 3. C 4. A 5. D 6. B 7. C 8. A 9. B 10. C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述Susan说话轻微结巴，因DiMe老师说喜欢她的声音Susan渐渐有了信心，后来能够公开演讲，生活和事业都获得了成功。
1题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Susan说：“我很难说出一个以‘D’或‘TH’开头的单词，或者我可能会说三次‘the’。”A. cntinuing继续；B. struggling挣扎，吃力地进行；C. pretending假装；D. hping希望。根据前文“I had a mild stutter (结巴)”可知，Susan说话结巴，很难说出一个以“D”或“TH”开头的单词，故选B。
【2题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一想到要站在同学面前结结巴巴地念完这首诗，她就难以忍受。A. share分享；B. express表达；C. find找到；D. bear忍受。结合语境及“stuttering thrugh the pem”可知，一想到自己会结结巴巴地背诗，Susan就难以忍受，故选D。
【3题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Susan回到家，向妈妈透露了她有多害怕，妈妈同意写一张纸条，请求在全班同学面前允许她不做这个任务。A. taught教；B. prved证明；C. revealed透露；D. prmised承诺。结合下文“wh agreed t write a nte asking fr her t be ____4____ frm ding the task in frnt f the whle class”可知，Susan向妈妈透露自己很害怕，妈妈答应为她请假，故选C。
【4题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. excused原谅，同意免除；B. prhibited禁止；C. crrected纠正；D. discuraged劝阻，使泄气。结合下文“Susan recited the pem ne-n-ne t Mr. DiMe”可知，此处指写一张纸条请求不做这个任务，excuse sb frm ding“同意某人不做”，故选A。
【5题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：她说完后，DiMe先生说了一些她以前从未听过的话：他喜欢听她的声音。A. While在……期间；B. Althugh尽管；C. Unless除非；D. Once一旦，一……（就）。结合“he liked listening t her vice”可知，此处指Susan一说完DiMe先生就说自己喜欢她的声音，故选D。
【6题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她第一次考虑到公开演讲不必成为忧虑的来源。A. jealusy羡慕，嫉妒；B. wrry担心，忧虑；C. bredm无聊，厌倦；D. lneliness孤单。根据市上文“hw scared she was”可知，Susan害怕公开演讲，故这应是让她感到忧虑，故选B。
【7题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但大学毕业后不久，她找到了一份企业培训师的工作。A. wanted想要；B. ffered提供；C. landed成功得到，赢得；D. created创造。根据下文“The new psitin made her realize…”可知，此处指她成功得到一份新工作，故选C。
【8题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：新的职位使她意识到他对她的信心有多大的影响。A. impact影响；B. idea主意；C. chice选择；D. stress压力。根据上文“Fr the first time, she cnsidered the pssibility that public speaking didn’t have t be a surce f ____6____”以及下文“he’s a big reasn why she has a successful career and life(他是她事业和生活成功的重要原因)”可知，DiMe先生说自己喜欢Susan的声音，这使她发生了改变，使她的事业和生活获得了成功，故此处指DiMe先生对她的影响很大，故选A。
【9题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Susan最近找到了联系她以前的老师的方法，并计划给他写封信表达她的感激之情。A. judge评价；B. cntact联系；C. study学习；D. interview采访。根据“plans n sending him a letter expressing her appreciatin”可知，此处指找到了联系她以前的老师的方法，故选B。
【10题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“如果我因为害怕让自己难堪而不得不保持沉默，我不知道我会去哪里。我要感谢他的好意。”A. sweet甜美的；B. lud大声的；C. quiet安静的；D. deep深的。根据“because I was afraid f embarrassing myself”可知，Susan以前说话结巴，因为害怕让自己难堪会保持沉默，故选C。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1. 5分，共15分）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
A
语法填空
I’ll never frget my first visit t China. Mum encuraged me t try different kinds f fd, and I did! I lved everything. But just when I thught I culd deal with all Chinese fd, I came acrss stinky tfu. A hrrible grey thing that lked and smelt like a burnt sprts she. “Yu needn’t try it ____11____ yu dn’t want t, ”Mum said. But I ____12____ (gather) all my curage t take a bite and was amazed t find it wasn’t s bad. It reminded me f blue cheese, a similarly strng smelling type f fd yu either lve r hate. Maybe I ____13____ (fall) in lve with stinky tfu-smeday.
【答案】11. if 12. gathered
13. will fall
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者第一次去中国吃臭豆腐经历。
【11题详解】
考查状语从句。句意：妈妈说：“如果你不想试，就不必试。”引导条件状语从句，表示“如果”应用if。故填if。
【12题详解】
考查时态。句意：但我鼓起勇气吃了一口，惊讶地发现它并没有那么糟糕。根据后文“and was amazed t find it wasn’t s bad”可知发生在过去，用一般过去时。故填gathered。
【13题详解】
考查时态。句意：也许有一天我会爱上臭豆腐。此处表示将来发生的动作用一般将来时。故填will fall。
B
语法填空
The 5-Secnd Rule suggests fd is OK t eat if yu pick it up ____14____five secnds r less. Believe it r nt, scientists have tested the rule. We’re srry t reprt it’s nt necessarily true. Bacteria can attach ____15____ (it) t yur fd instantly, regardless f hw quickly it ____16____ (pick) up. Fd left there fr five secnds r less will prbably cllect less bacteria than fd sitting there fr a lnger time, but fast may nt be fast enugh. Flrs, even clean-lking nes, harbr bacteria. Ultimately, if in dubt, abandn the fd ____17____ (avid) ptential illness.
【答案】14. in 15. itself
16. is picked
17. t avid
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了食物掉在地上，不管在多么短的时间内把它捡起来，都会有细菌附着。
【14题详解】
考查介词。句意：5秒法则认为，如果你能在5秒或更短的时间内拿起食物，你就可以吃。结合句意可知，此处表示“在5秒内”，使用介词in，故填in。
【15题详解】
考查反身代词。句意：细菌可以立即附着在你的食物上，不管它被吸收的速度有多快。it和主语Bacteria是同一指代对象，应用反身代词作宾语，故填itself。
【16题详解】
考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意同上。it指代fd，和动词pick之间是被动关系，且句子是描述一个事实，应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语表示单数意义，故填is picked。
【17题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：最后，如果有疑问，放弃食物以避免潜在的疾病。结合句意可知，此处表示目的，应用动词不定式作目的状语，故填t avid。
C
语法填空
Yur hmetwn culd affect yur navigatinal (导航的) skills. New research indicates that individuals ____18____ (raise) in cities with structured street patterns may encunter difficulties in navigatin cmpared t thse frm rural areas with mre rganic layuts. This cnclusin was drawn frm a study ____19____ (invlve) players f a mbile game abut sea, ____20____ tests 3-D navigatin skills. Hwever, there’s hpe fr city residents: an urban versin f the game shwed slight imprvements fr them.
【答案】18. raised
19. invlving
20. which
【导语】这是一篇说明文。一项新的研究表明，与那些来自有机布局的农村地区的人相比，在有结构化街道模式的城市中长大的人在导航方面可能会遇到困难。
【18题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：一项新的研究表明，与那些来自有机布局的农村地区的人相比，在有结构化街道模式的城市中长大的人在导航方面可能会遇到困难。分析句子结构可知raise与逻辑主语individuals构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填raised。
【19题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这一结论来自一项研究，研究对象是一款关于海洋的手机游戏的玩家，该游戏测试的是3D导航技能。分析句子结构可知invlve与逻辑主语study构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语，故填invlving。
【20题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：这一结论来自一项研究，研究对象是一款关于海洋的手机游戏的玩家，该游戏测试的是3D导航技能。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词game，在从句作主语，指物，故填which。
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Discvery Pass
With a NSW TrainLink Discvery Pass, yu can
• get unlimited bked travel t mre than 365 destinatins n the NSW TrainLink Reginal train and cach netwrk
• chse a pass that suits yur travel plans: 14 days, ne mnth, three mnths r six mnths
• chse a class f travel that suits yur style: Ecnmy r First Class (Premium).
Please nte that yu cannt bk a child ticket nline with a Discvery Pass. Yu will instead need t call 13 22 32 r visit a sales agent.
Befre purchasing a pass, please read the relevant terms and rules. A NSW TrainLink Discvery Pass is nn-refundable and it cannt be assigned t anther persn.
Prices
Hw t purchase a pass and bk trips
Step 1: Purchase a Discvery Pass
Chse a time limit and class f travel that suits yur needs.
Step 2: Bk yur trips
After yu purchase a Discvery Pass, yu have up t ne mnth t bk yur first trip. The time limit n yur pass will start frm the departure date f yur first bked trip. All trips must be bked and taken befre the expiry (到期) date indicated n the pass. Yu must bk each trip befre yu travel.
Find ut mre abut ways t bk yur ticket? Visit ur website:
https: /transprtnsw.inf/tickets-pal/reginal-tickets-fares/ways-t-bk-yur-ticket
21. Yu can use a NSW TrainLink Discvery Pass t ______.
A. bk a child ticket nlineB. chse a class f travel that suits yu
C. chse a weekly, mnthly r yearly passD. get bked travel t unlimited destinatins
22. If a mther with a child wants t buy a ne-mnth NSW TrainLink Discvery Pass fr Ecnmy Class, she shuld pay .
A. $353B. $418C. $693D. $876
23. What can we knw abut a NSW TrainLink Discvery Pass?
A. A pass can be given t anther persn.
B. A pass can be refunded t NSW Trains.
C. The time limit n a pass starts frm the day f yur purchase.
D. Yu shuld bk yur first trip within ne mnth after yur purchase.
【答案】21. B 22. B 23. D
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍一个名为NSW TrainLink Discvery Pass的火车票服务。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“• chse a class f travel that suits yur style: Ecnmy r First Class (Premium).(•选择适合自己风格的舱位：经济舱或头等舱（高级舱）)”可知，你可以使用NSW TrainLink Discvery Pass来选择适合你的旅行等级。故选B。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据Prices表格中“1 mnth”部分中可知，成人经济舱是$275，儿童经济舱是$143，故如果一位带孩子的母亲想买一张为期一个月的NSW TrainLink经济舱通票，她需要支付275+143=418美元。故选B。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据Step 2: Bk yur trips部分中“After yu purchase a Discvery Pass, yu have up t ne mnth t bk yur first trip.(购买探索通行证后，您最多有一个月的时间来预订您的第一次旅行)”可知，关于NSW TrainLink Discvery Pass，你应该在购买后一个月内预订你的第一次旅行。故选D。
B
As this year draws t a clse, I still remember the fear I felt n a bright Saturday mrning in late September, at a five-kilmeter race in Clarkstn, Gergia, as I waited fr my 11-year-ld sn at the finish line.
I knew he culd run a 5k in abut 30 minutes. When I didn't see him at the 35-minute mark, I began t wnder what had gne wrng. Had he gtten lst? Was he hit by a car? Abut an hur earlier, when we drve int twn, my sn nticed an insect n my car. It was bright green, n lnger than a fingernail. And it was friendly. This little green thing hpped nt my sn's finger, where it stayed fr a lng, lng time. It stayed s lng that we eventually gave it a name: Little Friend.
A few minutes befre the race, Little Friend jumped ff my sn’s hand and landed n the sidewalk. But pedestrian traffic was heavy and unpredictable. Little Friend was in danger. S my sn knelt and reached ut his hand. Little Friend came back.
The race was abut t start, and the tiny green insect was in fr a wild ride. My sn wuld run fast, and the race wuld be lng, and his arms wuld swing, and Little Friend wuld eventually be shaken ff.
“Yu will lse Little Friend,” I tld him.
My sn ndded, treating the mment with apprpriate seriusness.
The race began, and I lst sight f him.
The excitement at the finish line gave way t anxiety when my sn did nt shw up.
I kept asking peple if they'd seen him. N ne had. And beynd the 40-minute mark, I was in a panic.
But there he was, thank gdness, just ahead f the 45-minute mark.
And there was Little Friend, riding n the upper crk f his right thumb like a very small captain n a very tall ship.
My predictins had been wrng. My sn had nt run fast, and he had nt lst Little Friend. And these tw facts seemed smehw related. He blamed a cld he was getting ver. I suspected it was mre than that, but I didn’t questin him t much abut it.
We walked back t the car, smiling, and fund sme bushes in the parking lt that seemed like a gd place fr my sn t drp ff Little Friend.
“Be free,” my sn said, and gently put it in the bushes.
My sn knew the truth. Smetimes life gives yu smething beautiful, a fragile, shrt-lived treasure in yur hand. There is n need t rush ahead. Treat it gently. Enjy each mment. Hld n while yu can.
One day my sn will leave t, running ff n his wn adventure.
24. Hw did the writer prbably feel when he finally saw his sn appear in sight?
A. Relieved.B. Depressed.C. Satisfied.D. Disappinted.
25. The sn failed t run as fast as his father had expected prbably because ________.
A. he was lstB. he was recvering frm a cld
C. he was afraid t lse the tiny insectD. he was slwed dwn by the heavy traffic
26. As fr the way his sn treated Little Friend, the writer is ________.
A. indifferentB. anxiusC. appreciativeD. dubtful
27. What will the writer mst prbably d after the race?
A. Treasure every mment he has with his sn.
B. Encurage his sn t take mre adventures.
C. Tell his sn t take races seriusly.
D. Get mre insects fr his sn.
【答案】24. A 25. C 26. C 27. A
【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者的儿子为了一个捡到的小虫子“小朋友”放弃跑步比赛，并最终放“小朋友”自由，这让作者意识到有时候，生活给你一些美丽的东西，是你手中脆弱的、短暂的财富。没有必要匆匆忙忙。温柔地对待它，享受每一刻。
【24题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第十段“But there he was, thank gdness, just ahead f the 45-minute mark.(但谢天谢地，他就在45分钟前出现了)”可推知，当作者终于看到他的儿子出现在他的视线里时，他可能感到如释重负。故选A。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“My sn wuld run fast, and the race wuld be lng, and his arms wuld swing, and Little Friend wuld eventually be shaken ff.(我的儿子会跑得很快，比赛会很长，他的手臂会摆动，小朋友最终会被甩掉了)”第五段““Yu will lse Little Friend,” I tld him.( “你会失去小朋友的，”我告诉他)”、文章第六段“My sn ndded, treating the mment with apprpriate seriusness.(我儿子点了点头，以适当的严肃态度对待这个时刻)”以及文章第十二段“My sn had nt run fast, and he had nt lst Little Friend. And these tw facts seemed smehw related. He blamed a cld he was getting ver. I suspected it was mre than that, but I didn’t questin him t much abut it.(我的儿子没有跑得快，他也没有失去小朋友。这两个事实似乎有某种联系。他把这归咎于他正在康复的感冒。我怀疑不止如此，但我没有问他太多)”可推知，儿子没有像父亲期望的那样跑得快，可能是因为他害怕失去那只小虫子。故选C。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章倒数第四段“We walked back t the car, smiling, and fund sme bushes in the parking lt that seemed like a gd place fr my sn t drp ff Little Friend.(我们微笑着走回车上，在停车场发现了一些灌木丛，我儿子把小朋友送到那里似乎是个好地方)”、文章倒数第三段““Be free,” my sn said, and gently put it in the bushes.(“自由吧，”儿子说着，轻轻地把它放在灌木丛里)”以及文章倒数第二段“My sn knew the truth. Smetimes life gives yu smething beautiful, a fragile, shrt-lived treasure in yur hand. There is n need t rush ahead. Treat it gently. Enjy each mment.(我儿子知道真相。有时候，生活给你一些美丽的东西，是你手中脆弱的、短暂的财富。没有必要匆匆忙忙。温柔地对待它。享受每一刻)”可推知，作者对儿子对待小朋友的方式感到欣赏。故选C。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“My sn knew the truth. Smetimes life gives yu smething beautiful, a fragile, shrt-lived treasure in yur hand. There is n need t rush ahead. Treat it gently. Enjy each mment. Hld n while yu can.(我儿子知道真相。有时候，生活给你一些美丽的东西，是你手中脆弱的、短暂的财富。没有必要匆匆忙忙。温柔地对待它。享受每一刻。趁你还能撑下去)”和文章最后一段“One day my sn will leave t, running ff n his wn adventure.(总有一天，我的儿子也会离开，开始他自己的冒险)”可推知，作者在比赛之后可能会珍惜和儿子在一起的每一刻。故选A。
C
Evan Selinger, prfessr in RIT’s Department f Philsphy, has taken an interest in the ethics (伦理标准) f Al and the plicy gaps that need t be filled in. Thrugh a humanities viewpint, Selinger asks the questins, “Hw can AI cause harm, and what can gvernments and cmpanies creating Al prgrams d t address and manage it?” Answering them, he explained, requires an interdisciplinary apprach.
“AI ethics g beynd technical fixes. Philsphers and ther humanities experts are uniquely skilled t address the nuanced (微妙的) principles, value cnflicts, and pwer dynamics. These skills aren’t just crucial fr addressing current issues. We desperately need them t prmte anticipatry (先行的) gvernance, ” said Selinger.
One example that illustrates hw philsphy and humanities experts can help guide these new, rapidly grwing technlgies is Selinger’s wrk cllabrating with a special AI prject. “One f the skills I bring t the table is identifying cre ethical issues in emerging technlgies that haven’t been built r used by the public. We can take preventative steps t limit risk, including changing hw the technlgy is designed, ”said Selinger.
Taking these preventative steps and regularly reassessing what risks need addressing is part f the nging jurney in pursuit f creating respnsible AI. Selinger explains that there isn’t a step-by-step apprach fr gd gvernance. “AI ethics have cre values and principles, but there’s endless disagreement abut interpreting and applying them and creating meaningful accuntability mechanisms, ” said Selinger. “Sme peple are rightly wrried that AI can becme integrated int ‘ethics washing’-weak checklists, flwery missin statements, and empty rhetric that cvers ver abuses f pwer. Frtunately, I’ve had great cnversatins abut this issue, including with sme experts, n why it is imprtant t cnsider a range f psitins. ”
Sme f Selinger’s recent research has fcused n the back-end issues with develping AI such as the human impact that cmes with testing AI chatbts befre they’re released t the public. Other issues fcus n plicy, such as what t d abut the dangers psed by facial recgnitin and ther autmated surveillance(监视) appraches.
Selinger is making sure his students are infrmed abut the nging industry cnversatins n AI ethics and respnsible AI. “Students are ging t be future tech leaders. Nw is the time t help them think abut what gals their cmpanies shuld have and the csts f minimizing ethical cncerns. Beynd scial csts, dwnplaying ethics can negatively impact crprate culture and hiring, ” said Selinger. “T attract tp talent, yu need t cnsider whether yur cmpany matches their interests and hpes fr the future. ”
28. Selinger advcates an interdisciplinary apprach because ________.
A. humanities experts pssess skills essential fr AI ethics
B. it demnstrates the pwer f anticipatry gvernance
C. AI ethics heavily depends n technlgical slutins
D. it can avid scial cnflicts and pressing issues
29. T prmte respnsible AI, Selinger believes we shuld ________.
A. adpt a systematic apprachB. apply innvative technlgies
C. anticipate ethical risks befrehandD. establish accuntability mechanisms
30. What can be inferred frm the last tw paragraphs?
A. Mre cmpanies will use AI t attract tp talent.
B. Understanding AI ethics will help students in the future.
C. Selinger favrs cmpanies that match his students’ values.
D. Selinger is likely t fcus n back-end issues such as plicy.
【答案】28. A 29. C 30. B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了RIT哲学系教授Evan Selinger对于对人工智能的伦理的一些看法和建议。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段““AI ethics g beynd technical fixes. Philsphers and ther humanities experts are uniquely skilled t address the nuanced (微妙的) principles, value cnflicts, and pwer dynamics. These skills aren’t just crucial fr addressing current issues. We desperately need them t prmte anticipatry (先行的) gvernance, ” said Selinger.( Selinger说：“人工智能伦理超越了技术修复。哲学家和其他人文专家在处理微妙的原则、价值冲突和权力动态方面具有独特的技能。这些技能不仅对解决当前问题至关重要。我们迫切需要他们来促进预见性治理。”)”可知，塞林格主张跨学科的方法，因为人文学科专家拥有人工智能伦理所必需的技能。故选A。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“Taking these preventative steps and regularly reassessing what risks need addressing is part f the nging jurney in pursuit f creating respnsible AI.(采取这些预防措施并定期重新评估需要解决的风险，是追求创造负责任的人工智能的持续旅程的一部分)”可知，为了促进负责任的人工智能，塞林格认为我们应该事先预测道德风险。故选C。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段““Students are ging t be future tech leaders. Nw is the time t help them think abut what gals their cmpanies shuld have and the csts f minimizing ethical cncerns. Beynd scial csts, dwnplaying ethics can negatively impact crprate culture and hiring, ” said Selinger. “T attract tp talent, yu need t cnsider whether yur cmpany matches their interests and hpes fr the future.”(“学生们将成为未来的科技领袖。现在是时候帮助他们思考他们的公司应该有什么样的目标，以及最小化道德问题的成本。除了社会成本之外，轻视道德还会对企业文化和招聘产生负面影响。”“为了吸引顶尖人才，你需要考虑你的公司是否符合他们的兴趣和对未来的希望。”)”可推知，理解人工智能伦理对学生未来有帮助。故选B。
D
While sme allergies (过敏症) disappear ver time r with treatment, thers last a lifetime. Fr decades, scientists have been searching fr the surce f these lifetime allergies.
Recently, researchers fund that memry B cells may be invlved. These cells prduce a different class f antibdies knwn as IgG, which ward ff viral infectins. But n ne had identified exactly which f thse cells were recalling allergens r hw they switched t making the IgE antibdies respnsible fr allergies. T uncver the mysterius cells, tw research teams tk a deep dive int the immune (免疫的) cells f peple with allergies and sme withut.
Immunlgist Jshua Kenig and clleagues examined mre than 90, 000 memry B cells frm six peple with birch allergies, fur peple allergic t dust mites and five peple with n allergies. Using a technique called RNA sequencing, the team identified specific memry B cells, which they named MBC2s that make antibdies and prteins assciated with the immune respnse that causes allergies.
In anther experiment, Kenig and clleagues used a peanut prtein t g fishing fr memry B cells frm peple with peanut allergies. The team pulled ut the same type f cells fund in peple with birch and dust mite allergies. In peple with peanut allergies, thse cells increased in number and prduced IgE antibdies as the peple started treatment t desensitize them t peanut allergens.
Anther grup led by Maria Curtt de Lafaille, an immunlgist at the Icahn Schl f Medicine at Munt Sinai in New Yrk City, als fund that similar cells were mre plentiful in 58 children allergic t peanuts than in 13 kids withut allergies. The team fund that the cells are ready t switch frm making prtective IgG antibdies t allergy-causing IgE antibdies. Even befre the switch, the cells were making RNA fr IgE but didn’t prduce the prtein. Making that RNA enables the cells t switch the type f antibdies they make when they encunter allergens. The signal t switch partially depends n a prtein called JAK, the grup discvered. “Stpping JAK frm sending the signal culd help prevent the memry cells frm switching t IgE prductin,” Lafaille says. She als predicts that allergists may be able t examine aspects f these memry cells t frecast whether a patient's allergy is likely t last r disappear with time r treatment.
“Knwing which ppulatin f cells stre allergies in lng-term memry may eventually help scientists identify ther ways t kill the allergy cells,” says Cecilia Berin, an immunlgist at Nrthwestern University Feinberg Schl f Medicine. “Yu culd ptentially get rid f nt nly yur peanut allergy but als all f yur allergies.”
31. Why did scientists investigate the immune cells f individuals with and withut allergies?
A. T explre the distinctins between IgG and IgE.
B. T uncver new antibdies knwn as IgG and IgE.
C. T identify cells respnsible fr defending against allergies.
D. T reveal cells assciated with the develpment f allergies.
32. What des the wrd “desensitize” underlined in Paragraph 4 mst prbably mean?
A Make. . . less destructive.B. Make. . . less respnsive.
C. Make. . . less prtective.D. Make. . . less effective.
33. What can we learn frm the tw research teams’ wrk?
A. MBC2s make antibdies and prteins that prevent allergies.
B. Memry B cells generate bth RNA fr IgE and the crrespnding prtein.
C. JAK plays a rle in cntrlling antibdy prductin when expsed t allergens.
D Allergists are capable f predicting whether an allergy will last r disappear.
34. Which culd be the best title fr the passage?
A. RNA Sequencing Is Applied in Immunlgy Research
B. Specific Cells Related t Peanut Allergies Are Identified
C. Unmasking Cells’ Identities Helps Diagnse and Treat Allergies
D. Newfund Immune Cells Are Respnsible fr Lng-lasting Allergies
【答案】31. D 32. B 33. C 34. D
【导语】这是一篇说明文，本文主要讲述两个研究小组为了揭示与发生过敏有关的细胞进行研究，最终确定了特定的记忆B细胞。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“But n ne had identified exactly which f thse cells were recalling allergens r hw they switched t making the IgE antibdies respnsible fr allergies. T uncver the mysterius cells, tw research teams tk a deep dive int the immune (免疫的) cells f peple with allergies and sme withut.(但是没有人确切地确定哪些细胞会召回过敏原，或者它们是如何转变为产生导致过敏的IgE抗体的。为了揭开这些神秘的细胞，两个研究小组深入研究了过敏人群和非过敏人群的免疫细胞)”可知，科学家研究过敏和没有过敏的个体的免疫细胞是为了揭示与发生过敏有关的细胞，故选D。
【32题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第三段中“Using a technique called RNA sequencing, the team identified specific memry B cells, which they named MBC2s that make antibdies and prteins assciated with the immune respnse that causes allergies.(利用一种名为RNA测序的技术，研究小组确定了特定的记忆B细胞，他们将其命名为MBC2s，这些细胞产生与导致过敏的免疫反应相关的抗体和蛋白质)”可知，记忆B细胞会产生与导致过敏的免疫反应相关的抗体和蛋白质，结合划线词前“thse cells increased in number and prduced IgE antibdies(这些细胞的数量增加并产生IgE抗体)”可知，记忆B细胞数量增加并产生抗体，说明不再过敏，desensitize意为“使……不再过敏”符合题意，故选B。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段中“The team fund that the cells are ready t switch frm making prtective IgG antibdies t allergy-causing IgE antibdies. Even befre the switch, the cells were making RNA fr IgE but didn’t prduce the prtein. Making that RNA enables the cells t switch the type f antibdies they make when they encunter allergens. The signal t switch partially depends n a prtein called JAK, the grup discvered.(研究小组发现，这些细胞已经准备好从产生保护性的IgG抗体转变为引起过敏的IgE抗体。即使在转换之前，细胞也在为IgE制造RNA，但不产生蛋白质。小组发现，制造这种RNA可以使细胞在遇到过敏原时转换抗体的类型。转换信号部分取决于一种叫做JAK的蛋白质)”可知，当暴露于过敏原时，JAK在控制抗体产生中起作用，故选C。
【34题详解】
主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第一段中“Fr decades, scientists have been searching fr the surce f these lifetime allergies.(几十年来，科学家们一直在寻找这些终生过敏的来源)”以及第二段中“Recently, researchers fund that memry B cells may be invlved.(最近，研究人员发现记忆B细胞可能参与其中)”可知，本文主要讲述两个研究小组为了揭示与发生过敏有关的细胞进行研究，最终确定了特定的记忆B细胞，D项“新发现的免疫细胞是造成长期过敏的原因”为最佳标题，故选D。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Mst f us are actually terrible at giving gifts. Abut $70 billin wrth f presents are returned every year in the U. S. ____35____ Here are three ways t imprve yur gift-giving game arund the hlidays.
Stp trying t make yur gifts s delightful. ____36____ We want smething frm giving: thse lks f delight. Thse exclamatins. This is why items like hyper-specific kitchen gadgets and fancy vintage clcks all seem like fantastic gifts. But it turns ut, recipients ften want things that are far mre practical — things they can actually use.
____37____ Just give peple what they ask fr. A study lked at Amazn wish lists t determine if peple were mre appreciative f gifts frm the list versus gifts that were ttal surprises. It turned ut that peple wh gt gifts that weren’t n their list cnsidered them as less thughtful and less persnal. ____38____
Hw can we create a gift-giving plan that is as emtinal as we desire? Humans lve t feel cnnected. And ne way we d that is by sharing interests with thers. S if yu want t learn hw t give better gifts, put yurself in the recipient’s shes and try t think f smething yu bth share. Maybe it’s the lve fr a sprt, drinking wine, r sme ther hbby. ____39____ And because yu picked smething yu share, they will feel mre cnnected t yu and appreciate yur gift mre.
A. S hw d we get less terrible?
B. Surprise is verrated — we’re happier t get what we ask fr.
C. S what's the mst practical gift yu can give that peple might actually be grateful fr?
D. The lng-term pleasure f the receiver may nt be bserved and therefre is discunted.
E. Once yu’ve fund a shared interest, g and find a useful gift related t this interest.
F. What recipients care abut is hw much value they’re ging t get frm the gift ver a lnger time perid.
G. Research has shwn that givers are cnsumed by the mment f unwrapping a gift even mre than the gift itself.
【答案】35. A 36. G 37. C 38. B 39. E
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了三种提高送礼技巧的方法。
【35题详解】
上文“Abut $70 billin wrth f presents are returned every year in the U. S.(在美国，每年大约有价值700亿美元的礼物被退回)”提到，在美国，每年大约有价值700亿美元的礼物被退回，下文“Here are three ways t imprve yur gift-giving game arund the hlidays.(这里有三种方法可以提高你在节日期间送礼物的技巧)”提到有三种方法可以改善上述问题，故A项“那么，我们如何才能不那么糟糕呢？”承上启下，符合语境，故选A。
【36题详解】
根据下文“We want smething frm giving: thse lks f delight. Thse exclamatins.(我们想从给予中获得某些东西：那些快乐的表情。那些惊呼)”可知，此处是描述送礼者的心理，G项“研究表明，送礼者更喜欢拆开礼物那一刻的感觉，而不是礼物本身”符合语境，故选G。
【37题详解】
根据下文“Just give peple what they ask fr.(送人们他们想要的东西就好)”以及“It turned ut that peple wh gt gifts that weren’t n their list cnsidered them as less thughtful and less persnal.(结果发现，那些收到不在清单上的礼物的人会认为这些礼物不够体贴、不够有个性)”可知，送给人们他们想要的东西就好，收到意外的礼物会让人觉得不够体贴，不够有个性，所以本段是说如何送最适合的礼物，C项“那么，你能给别人的最实用的礼物是什么呢？”符合语境，故选C。
【38题详解】
根据上文“A study lked at Amazn wish lists t determine if peple were mre appreciative f gifts frm the list versus gifts that were ttal surprises. It turned ut that peple wh gt gifts that weren’t n their list cnsidered them as less thughtful and less persnal.(一项研究调查了亚马逊的愿望清单，以确定人们是更喜欢清单上的礼物，还是那些完全出乎意料的礼物。结果发现，那些收到不在清单上的礼物的人会认为这些礼物不够体贴、不够私人)”可知，人们收到不在清单上的礼物时会认为这些礼物不够体贴，即人们喜欢收到清单上的礼物，而不是惊喜，B项“‘惊喜’这个因素被高估了——我们更乐于得到我们相要的东西”符合语境，故选B。
【39题详解】
上文“put yurself in the recipient’s shes and try t think f smething yu bth share. Maybe it’s the lve fr a sprt, drinking wine, r sme ther hbby.(设身处地为收礼者着想，试着想一些你们共同拥有的东西。也许是对一项运动、喝酒或对其他爱好的热爱)”提到，站在收礼物的人的角度去想一些共同的爱好，结合下文“And because yu picked smething yu share(因为你选择了你们共有的东西)”可知，空处是说找到共同的爱好后选择与之相关的礼物，E项“一旦你们找到了共同的兴趣，就去找一份与这个兴趣相关的有用的礼物”符合语境，故选E。
第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
In a fast-paced wrld, where stress and mental tiredness seem cmmnplace, we’re cnstantly lking fr new ways t unwind. Peple may carry ut a variety f activities t help them relax. But what abut the birdsngs r ther nature sunds? Culd they als help peple t let g f the tensins f mdern life?
Accrding t a study by King’s Cllege Lndn in 2022, seeing r hearing birds culd help t bst the mental wellbeing f peple. Taking a trip t places rich in birdlife like parks, frests and canals and encuntering birds singing t each ther in the trees culd even help t treat sme mental health cnditins. And it’s nt just birds that culd have a curative effect n ur mds. Anther study cnducted by the Natinal Trust cmpared the effects f wdland sunds with viced meditatin (冥想) apps. The study fund listening t birdsng as well as ther wdland sunds like leaves crunching underft r the gentle flw f a stream bsted feelings f relaxatin 30% mre than the apps d. Other sunds which may help t cl peple dwn are waves lapping n the shre, gentle wind, and light rainfall.
Hwever, nt all f us live in rural surrundings, and depending n where we live, a trip t the cuntryside t see birds may nt be an ptin. But culd the nature sunds that riginate there still help yu? Accrding t research by Califrnia Plytechnic State University, even a recrding f the sunds f birds had a prfund effect n peple’s md, while ther studies saw peple listening t sundscapes f the cast and frests with similar utcmes t their wellbeing.
S, wherever yu live, yu can access the wnderful sunds f birds and nature during a strll thrugh a wd r via sme headphnes. And maybe listening t the chirps, trills, warbles and whistles f sme birds culd help yu t relax after a lng, hard day.
40. What did the study by King’s Cllege Lndn in 2022 find?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
41. Hw did the Natinal Trust cnduct the study?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
Accrding t the passage, birds singing, viced meditatin apps and the recrding f the sunds f nature have the same effect n peple’s md.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
43. Besides what is mentined in the passage, what d yu usually d t help yu relax in yur daily life? (In abut 40 wrds)
_____________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】40. Seeing r hearing birds culd help t bst the mental wellbeing f peple.
41. They cmpared the effects f wdland sunds with viced meditatin apps.
42. Accrding t the passage, birds singing, viced meditatin apps and the recrding f the sunds f nature have the same effect n peple’s md. The study fund listening t birdsng as well as ther sunds f nature bsted feelings f relaxatin 30% mre than the apps d.
43. In additin t what is mentined in the passage, I usually listen t music, d sme simple exercises, r engage in hbbies such as reading and painting t help me relax in daily life.
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了2022年伦敦国王学院的研究发现看到或听到鸟的声音有助于促进人们的心理健康。文章介绍了研究开展的经过以及发现等。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第二段“Accrding t a study by King’s Cllege Lndn in 2022, seeing r hearing birds culd help t bst the mental wellbeing f peple.(根据伦敦国王学院2022年的一项研究，看到或听到鸟类有助于促进人们的心理健康)”可知，2022年伦敦国王学院的研究发现看到或听到鸟的声音有助于促进人们的心理健康。故答案为Seeing r hearing birds culd help t bst the mental wellbeing f peple.
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第二段“Anther study cnducted by the Natinal Trust cmpared the effects f wdland sunds with viced meditatin (冥想) apps.(国民信托组织进行的另一项研究比较了林地声音和语音冥想应用程序的影响)”可知，国民信托是比较了林地声音和有声冥想应用程序的效果来进行这项研究。故答案为They cmpared the effects f wdland sunds with viced meditatin apps.
【42题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第二段“The study fund listening t birdsng as well as ther wdland sunds like leaves crunching underft r the gentle flw f a stream bsted feelings f relaxatin 30% mre than the apps d.(研究发现，听鸟鸣以及其他林地的声音，如脚下树叶的嘎吱声或溪流的轻柔流水声，比应用程序能让人放松30%)”可知，错误的部分为“have the same effect n peple’s md”，研究发现，听鸟鸣和其他自然声音能比应用程序多增加30%的放松感。故答案为
【43题详解】
考查开放题。根据“除了文中提到的，你在日常生活中通常做些什么来帮助你放松？”可回答：除了文章中提到的，我通常听音乐，做一些简单的练习，或从事爱好，如阅读和绘画，以帮助我放松在日常生活中。故答案为In additin t what is mentined in the passage, I usually listen t music, d sme simple exercises, r engage in hbbies such as reading and painting t help me relax in daily life.
第二节（20分）
44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你和你校交换生Jim准备联合参加学校组织的校园文创设计大赛(Campus Cultural and Creative Design Cmpetitin), 请给Jim发邮件，内容包括：
1. 分享你的创意;
2. 询问Jim的建议。
注意：1. 词数100左右;
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
Hw is it ging? I’ve just had a “light bulb” mment fr ur entry in the upcming Campus Cultural and Creative Design Cmpetitin, and I can’t wait t share it with yu t get yur thughts.
Hw abut creating a series f bkmarks? On ne side, we’ll have ur schl mtt, and n the flip side, breathtaking illustratins shwcase ur campus thrughut the fur seasns. Each bkmark will capture a special mment r scene that perfectly reflects the essence f that particular seasn. I really think this idea nt nly nails the cmpetitin theme but als ffers a practical yet visually stunning prduct that truly represents the spirit f ur schl.
What d yu think? Wuld lve t hear yur thughts and any suggestins yu might have!
Yurs,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给Jim发邮件，介绍你参加校园文创设计大赛的创意。
【详解】1.词汇积累
比赛：cmpetitin→cntest
……怎样：hw abut→what abut
建议：suggestin→advice
本质：essence→nature
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Wuld lve t hear yur thughts and any suggestins yu might have!
拓展句：If yu have any better thughts r suggestins, dn’t hesitate t cntact me.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Each bkmark will capture a special mment r scene that perfectly reflects the essence f that particular seasn. (运用了that引导定语从句)
[高分句型2] I really think this idea nt nly nails the cmpetitin theme but als ffers a practical yet visually stunning prduct that truly represents the spirit f ur schl. (运用了nt nly…but als…句型)Pass type
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Pass type
14 days
1 mnth
3 mnths
6 mnths
Adult Ecnmy
$232
$275
$298
$420
Adult Premium
$300
$350
$400
$550
Child Ecnmy
$121
$143
$154
$220
Child Premium
$154
$176
$220
$275