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浙教版七年级数学下册专题4.2因式分解-公式法(专项训练)(原卷版+解析)
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这是一份浙教版七年级数学下册专题4.2因式分解-公式法(专项训练)(原卷版+解析),共17页。试卷主要包含了52﹣36,把下列多项式分解因式,因式分解,2 因式分解-公式法等内容,欢迎下载使用。
A.(3a﹣1)2B.(3a+1)2
C.(9a+1)(9a﹣1)D.(3a+1)(3a﹣1)
2.(2023秋•长寿区期末)若x2+kx+25=(x﹣5)2,那么k的值是( )
A.5B.﹣5C.10D.﹣10
3.(2023春•凤阳县校级期末)因式分解x4﹣81= .
4.(2023春•崂山区期末)多项式x2﹣y2分解因式的结果是 .
5.(2023•松山区模拟)因式分解:﹣a2﹣4b2+4ab= .
6.(2023秋•龙凤区期末)因式分解:(x2+9)2﹣36x2.
7.(2023秋•东坡区校级月考)因式分解(m2+1)2﹣4m2.
8.(2023春•神木市期末)分解因式:(a2+4)2﹣16a2.
9.(2023秋•鹿邑县月考)分解因式:(x2+25)2﹣100x2.
10.(2023秋•浦东新区校级期中)因式分解:81a4﹣16.
11.(2023秋•丰台区校级期中)因式分解:a4﹣b4.
12.(2023秋•徐汇区校级月考)(x+3)2﹣(x﹣5)2.
13.(2023春•鄞州区期末)因式分解:
(1)a2﹣4b2; (2)﹣x2+6xy﹣9y2.
14.(2023春•娄星区校级期中)因式分解
(1)16x2﹣1; (2)(x2+9)2﹣36x2.
15.(2023春•江阴市校级期中)因式分解
(1)x2﹣9; (2)(x2+4)2﹣16x2.
16.(2023秋•南充期末)分解因式:m2﹣(2m+3)2.
17.(2023秋•石狮市校级期中)简便计算:
(1)38.52﹣36.52; (2)20202+2020﹣20212.
18.(2023春•荷塘区校级期中)因式分解:
(1)x3y﹣6x2y2+9xy3; (2)3x2(x﹣y)+6x(y﹣x).
19.(2023春•永安市期中)把下列多项式分解因式:
(1)x2﹣4xy+4y2; (2)a2(x﹣y)﹣b2(x﹣y).
20.(2023春•灞桥区校级期末)因式分解:
(1)12m3n4﹣8m2n6; (2)x3﹣4x2y+4xy2.
21.(2023春•聊城期末)把下列各式因式分解:
(1)﹣6x2+4xy; (2)3a2+12a+12;
(3)2x(a﹣2)﹣y(2﹣a); (4)4a4﹣16a2.
26.(2023•南岗区校级二模)把多项式ax2﹣6ax+9a分解因式的结果是 .
27.(2023秋•渑池县期末)因式分解:
(1)x2(a﹣b)+9(b﹣a); (2)(a2+4)2﹣16a2.
29.(2023春•天桥区校级月考)因式分解.
(1)ax+ay; (2)3mx﹣6my;
p(a2+b2)﹣q(a2+b2); (4)2a(x﹣y)﹣3b(y﹣x);
(5)4x2﹣9; (6)a2+2a+1;
(7)m2(a﹣2)+(2﹣a); (8)(x2﹣3)2﹣2(x2﹣3)+1.
30.(2023秋•大余县期末)因式分解:
(1)a3b﹣ab3; (2)2a3+12a2+18a.
34.(2023•南京模拟)因式分解:4a2(x+7)﹣9(x+7).
35(2023春•新城区校级期末)因式分解:﹣3a+12a2﹣12a3.
36.(2023春•镇江期末)因式分解:a2(a﹣b)+(b﹣a).
38.(2023春•相城区校级期末)将下列各式分解因式
(1)3a2﹣12; (2)x2(x﹣2)+16(2﹣x).
39.(2023春•富平县期末)因式分解:x2(m+n)﹣4y2(m+n).
40.(2023春•新田县期末)因式分解:
(1)﹣3y2+12y﹣12; (2)a2(a﹣b)+b2(b﹣a).
41.(2023春•漳州期末)因式分解:2x2y﹣8y.
42.(2023春•金东区期末)因式分解:
(1)5x2y﹣10xy2; (2)9a2(x﹣y)+4b2(y﹣x).
43.(2023春•丹阳市期末)分解因式:
(1)a3﹣2a2b+ab2; (2)a2(1﹣b)+b2(b﹣1).
44.(2023春•清江浦区期末)因式分解:
(1)a2﹣9; (2)3x2+6xy+3y2.
45.(2023春•海陵区期末)把下列各式因式分解:
(1)x2﹣25; (2)﹣4x2+24x﹣36.
46.(2023春•东台市期中)因式分解:
(1)4a2b﹣6ab2 (2)4x2﹣4x+1
a2(x﹣y)+4(y﹣x) (4)(x+2)(x﹣8)+25
47.(2023秋•和平区校级期末)把下列各式分解因式:
(1)x2+3x﹣4; (2)a3b﹣ab;
(3)3ax2﹣6axy+3ay2.
专题4.2 因式分解-公式法(专项训练)
1.(2023春•来宾期末)把多项式9a2﹣1分解因式,结果正确的是( )
A.(3a﹣1)2B.(3a+1)2
C.(9a+1)(9a﹣1)D.(3a+1)(3a﹣1)
答案:D
【解答】解:9a2﹣1=(3a)2﹣1=(3a﹣1)(3a+1).
故选:D.
2.(2023秋•长寿区期末)若x2+kx+25=(x﹣5)2,那么k的值是( )
A.5B.﹣5C.10D.﹣10
【解答】解:∵x2+kx+25=(x﹣5)2,
∴x2+kx+25=x2﹣10x+25,
∴k=﹣10,
故选:D.
3.(2023春•凤阳县校级期末)因式分解x4﹣81= .
【解答】解:x4﹣81
=(x2﹣9)(x2+9)
=(x﹣3)(x+3)(x2+9),
故答案为:(x﹣3)(x+3)(x2+9).
4.(2023春•崂山区期末)多项式x2﹣y2分解因式的结果是 .
【解答】解:原式=(x+y)(x﹣y),
故答案为:(x+y)(x﹣y).
5.(2023•松山区模拟)因式分解:﹣a2﹣4b2+4ab= .
答案:﹣(a﹣2b)2.
【解答】解:原式=﹣(a2﹣4ab+4b2)
=﹣(a﹣2b)2.
故答案为:﹣(a﹣2b)2.
6.(2023秋•龙凤区期末)因式分解:(x2+9)2﹣36x2.
【解答】解:原式=(x2+9+6x)(x2+9﹣6x)=(x+3)2(x﹣3)2.
7.(2023秋•东坡区校级月考)因式分解(m2+1)2﹣4m2.
【解答】解:(m2+1)2﹣4m2
=(m2+1+2m)(m2+1﹣2m)
=(m﹣1)2(m+1)2.
8.(2023春•神木市期末)分解因式:(a2+4)2﹣16a2.
【解答】解:原式=(a2+4+4a)(a2+4﹣4a)
=(a+2)2(a﹣2)2.
9.(2023秋•鹿邑县月考)分解因式:(x2+25)2﹣100x2.
【解答】解:(x2+25)2﹣100x2
=(x2+25﹣10x)(x2+25+10x)
=(x﹣5)2(x+5)2.
10.(2023秋•浦东新区校级期中)因式分解:81a4﹣16.
【解答】解:原式=(9a2)2﹣42
=(9a2+4)(9a2﹣4)
=(9a2+4)(3a+2)(3a﹣2).
11.(2023秋•丰台区校级期中)因式分解:a4﹣b4.
【解答】解:a4﹣b4
=(a2+b2)(a2﹣b2)
=(a2+b2)(a+b)(a﹣b).
12.(2023秋•徐汇区校级月考)(x+3)2﹣(x﹣5)2.
【解答】解:(x+3)2﹣(x﹣5)2
=(x+3+x﹣5)(x+3﹣x+5)
=(2x﹣2)×8
=16(x﹣1).
13.(2023春•鄞州区期末)因式分解:
(1)a2﹣4b2;
(2)﹣x2+6xy﹣9y2.
【解答】解:(1)a2﹣4b2
=a2﹣(2b)2
=(a+2b)(a﹣2b);
(2)﹣x2+6xy﹣9y2
=﹣(x2﹣6xy+9y2)
=﹣(x﹣3y)2.
14.(2023春•娄星区校级期中)因式分解
(1)16x2﹣1;
(2)(x2+9)2﹣36x2.
【解答】解:(1)原式=(4x+1)(4x﹣1);
(2)原式=(x2+9+6x)(x2+9﹣6x)
=(x+3)2(x﹣3)2.
15.(2023春•江阴市校级期中)因式分解
(1)x2﹣9;
(2)(x2+4)2﹣16x2.
【解答】解:(1)原式=(x+3)(x﹣3);
(2)原式=(x2+4+4x)(x2+4﹣4x)
=(x+2)2(x﹣2)2.
16.(2023秋•南充期末)分解因式:m2﹣(2m+3)2.
【解答】解:原式=(m+2m+3)(m﹣2m﹣3)
=(3m+3)(﹣m﹣3)
=﹣3(m+1)(m+3).
17.(2023秋•石狮市校级期中)简便计算:
(1)38.52﹣36.52;
(2)20202+2020﹣20212.
【解答】解:(1)38.52﹣36.52
=(38.5+36.5)(38.5﹣36.5)
=75×2
=150;
(2)20202+2020﹣20212
=(20232﹣20212)+2020
=(2023﹣2021)×(2023+2021)+2020
=﹣4041+2020
=﹣2021.
18.(2023春•荷塘区校级期中)因式分解:
(1)x3y﹣6x2y2+9xy3;
(2)3x2(x﹣y)+6x(y﹣x).
【解答】解:(1)原式=xy(x2﹣6xy+9y2)
=xy(x﹣3y)2;
(2)原式=3x2(x﹣y)﹣6x(x﹣y)
=3x(x﹣y)(x﹣2).
19.(2023春•永安市期中)把下列多项式分解因式:
(1)x2﹣4xy+4y2;
(2)a2(x﹣y)﹣b2(x﹣y).
【解答】解:(1)x2﹣4xy+4y2=(x﹣2y)2;
(2)a2(x﹣y)﹣b2(x﹣y)
=(x﹣y)(a2﹣b2)
=(x﹣y)(a﹣b)(a+b).
20.(2023春•灞桥区校级期末)因式分解:
(1)12m3n4﹣8m2n6;
(2)x3﹣4x2y+4xy2.
【解答】解:(1)原式=4m2n4(3m﹣2n2);
(2)原式=x(x2﹣4xy+4y2)
=x(x﹣2y)2.
21.(2023春•聊城期末)把下列各式因式分解:
(1)﹣6x2+4xy;
(2)3a2+12a+12;
(3)2x(a﹣2)﹣y(2﹣a);
(4)4a4﹣16a2.
【解答】解:(1)﹣6x2+4xy=﹣2x(3x﹣2y);
(2)3a2+12a+12
=3(a2+4a+4)
=3(a+2)2;
(3)2x(a﹣2)﹣y(2﹣a)
=2x(a﹣2)+y(a﹣2)
=(a﹣2)(2x+y);
(4)4a4﹣16a2
=4a2(a2﹣4)
=4a2(a+2)(a﹣2).
=﹣4(4x+y)(x+4y).
26.(2023•南岗区校级二模)把多项式ax2﹣6ax+9a分解因式的结果是 .
答案:a(x﹣3)2
【解答】解:∵ax2﹣6ax+9a
=a(x2﹣6x+9)
=a(x﹣3)2,
故答案为:a(x﹣3)2.
27.(2023秋•渑池县期末)因式分解:
(1)x2(a﹣b)+9(b﹣a);
(2)(a2+4)2﹣16a2.
【解答】解:(1)原式=x2(a﹣b)﹣9(a﹣b)
=(a﹣b)(x2﹣9)
=(a﹣b)(x﹣3)(x+3);
(2)原式=(a2+4+4a)(a2+4﹣4a)
=(a+2)2(a﹣2)2.
29.(2023春•天桥区校级月考)因式分解.
(1)ax+ay;
(2)3mx﹣6my;
(3)p(a2+b2)﹣q(a2+b2);
(4)2a(x﹣y)﹣3b(y﹣x);
(5)4x2﹣9;
(6)a2+2a+1;
(7)m2(a﹣2)+(2﹣a);
(8)(x2﹣3)2﹣2(x2﹣3)+1.
【解答】解:(1)ax+ay=a(x+y);
(2)3mx﹣6my=3m(x﹣2y);
(3)p(a2+b2)﹣q(a2+b2)=(a2+b2)(p﹣q);
(4)2a(x﹣y)﹣3b(y﹣x)
=2a(x﹣y)+3b(x﹣y)
=(x﹣y)(2a+3b);
(5)4x2﹣9=(2x+3)(2x﹣3);
(6)a2+2a+1=(a+1)2;
(7)m2(a﹣2)+(2﹣a)
=m2(a﹣2)﹣(a﹣2)
=(a﹣2)(m2﹣1)
=(a﹣2)(m+1)(m﹣1);
(8)(x2﹣3)2﹣2(x2﹣3)+1
=(x2﹣3﹣1)2
=(x2﹣4)2
=(x+2)2(x﹣2)2.
30.(2023秋•大余县期末)因式分解:
(1)a3b﹣ab3;
(2)2a3+12a2+18a.
【解答】(1)解:原式=ab(a²﹣b²)
=ab(a+b)(a﹣b);
(2)解:原式=2a(a²+6a+9)
=2a(a+3)2.
34.(2023•南京模拟)因式分解:4a2(x+7)﹣9(x+7).
【解答】解:原式=(x+7)(4a2﹣9)=(x+7)(2a+3)(2a﹣3).
35(2023春•新城区校级期末)因式分解:﹣3a+12a2﹣12a3.
【解答】解:原式=﹣3a(1﹣4a+4a2)
=﹣3a(1﹣2a)2.
36.(2023春•镇江期末)因式分解:a2(a﹣b)+(b﹣a).
【解答】解:原式=a2(a﹣b)﹣(a﹣b)
=(a﹣b)(a2﹣1)
=(a﹣b)(a+1)(a﹣1).
38.(2023春•相城区校级期末)将下列各式分解因式
(1)3a2﹣12;
(2)x2(x﹣2)+16(2﹣x).
【解答】解:(1)3a2﹣12
=3(a2﹣4)
=3(a+2)(a﹣2);
(2)x2(x﹣2)+16(2﹣x)
=(x﹣2)(x2﹣16)
=(x﹣2)(x+4)(x﹣4).
39.(2023春•富平县期末)因式分解:x2(m+n)﹣4y2(m+n).
【解答】解:原式=(m+n)(x2﹣4y2)
=(m+n)(x+2y)(x﹣2y).
40.(2023春•新田县期末)因式分解:
(1)﹣3y2+12y﹣12;
(2)a2(a﹣b)+b2(b﹣a).
【解答】解:(1)原式=﹣3(y2﹣4y+4)
=﹣3(y﹣2)2;
(2)原式=a2(a﹣b)﹣b2(a﹣b)
=(a﹣b)(a2﹣b2)
=(a﹣b)2(a+b).
41.(2023春•漳州期末)因式分解:2x2y﹣8y.
【解答】解:原式=2y(x2﹣4)=2y(x﹣2)(x+2).
42.(2023春•金东区期末)因式分解:
(1)5x2y﹣10xy2;
(2)9a2(x﹣y)+4b2(y﹣x).
【解答】解:(1)5x2y﹣10xy2=5xy(x﹣2y);
(2)9a2(x﹣y)+4b2(y﹣x)
=9a2(x﹣y)﹣4b2(x﹣y)
=(x﹣y)(9a2﹣4b2)
=(x﹣y)(3a+2b)(3a﹣2b).
43.(2023春•丹阳市期末)分解因式:
(1)a3﹣2a2b+ab2;
(2)a2(1﹣b)+b2(b﹣1).
【解答】解:(1)a3﹣2a2b+ab2
=a(a2﹣2ab+b2)
=a(a﹣b)2.
(2)a2(1﹣b)+b2(b﹣1)
=a2(1﹣b)﹣b2(1﹣b)
=(1﹣b)(a2﹣b2)
=(1﹣b)(a+b)(a﹣b).
44.(2023春•清江浦区期末)因式分解:
(1)a2﹣9;
(2)3x2+6xy+3y2.
【解答】解:(1)a2﹣9=(a+3)(a﹣3);
(2)3x2+6xy+3y2.
=3(x2+2xy+y2)
=3(x+y)2.
45.(2023春•海陵区期末)把下列各式因式分解:
(1)x2﹣25;
(2)﹣4x2+24x﹣36.
【解答】解:(1)x2﹣25=(x+5)(x﹣5);
(2)﹣4x2+24x﹣36
=﹣4(x2﹣6x+9)
=﹣4(x﹣3)2.
46.(2023春•东台市期中)因式分解:
(1)4a2b﹣6ab2
(2)4x2﹣4x+1
(3)a2(x﹣y)+4(y﹣x)
(4)(x+2)(x﹣8)+25
【解答】解:(1)4a2b﹣6ab2=2ab(2a﹣3b);
(2)4x2﹣4x+1=(2x﹣1)2;
(3)a2(x﹣y)+4(y﹣x)
=a2(x﹣y)﹣4(x﹣y)
=(x﹣y)(a2﹣4)
=(x﹣y)(a+2)(a﹣2);
(4)(x+2)(x﹣8)+25
=x2﹣6x﹣16+25
=x2﹣6x+9
=(x﹣3)2.
47.(2023秋•和平区校级期末)把下列各式分解因式:
(1)x2+3x﹣4;
(2)a3b﹣ab;
(3)3ax2﹣6axy+3ay2.
【解答】解:(1)x2+3x﹣4=(x+4)(x﹣1);
(2)a3b﹣ab
=ab(a2﹣1)
=ab(a+1)(a﹣1);
(3)3ax2﹣6axy+3ay2
=3a(x2﹣2xy+y2)
=3a(x﹣y)2;
(2)2x2﹣4x+2;
(3)x(x﹣y)﹣y(y﹣x).
(3)2x2﹣4x+2
=2(x2﹣2x+1)
=2(x﹣1)2;
(3)x(x﹣y)﹣y(y﹣x)
=x(x﹣y)+y(x﹣y)
=(x+y)(x﹣y).
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