山东省菏泽市2023-2024学年高一下学期期中考试（B）英语试卷(含答案)

这是一份山东省菏泽市2023-2024学年高一下学期期中考试（B）英语试卷(含答案)，共13页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，七选五，完形填空，短文填空，书面表达，读后续写等内容，欢迎下载使用。

一、阅读理解
Breakthrugh Junir Challenge
Fr students lking fr a mre creatively inspired and nntraditinal cmpetitin, the Breakthrugh Junir Challenge tasks students with creating a shrt vide in which they explain a cmplex scientific idea.
Rules
•Students between the ages f 13 and 18 can participate.
•Yur vide must be tw minutes r under. One participant is required t submit(提交) nly ne entry.
•Entries are limited t individuals nly. Previus award hlders are nt allwed t participate
•G t breakthrugh jurnr challenge rg t submit yur applicatin and vide befre June 25.
Judging
Participants als play an imprtant rle in the judging prcess. Yu must scre at least five vides submitted by ther participants. After that , the seventy-five tp-scring vides frm the prcess will be reviewed by the Evaluatin Panel (评审团) made up f tp-class schlars and science leaders. Each f these vides will receive at least an additinal five review s frm the Evaluatin Panel members. Lastly, the Selectin Cmmittee will review and scre the tp grup f finalists determined by the Evaluatin Panel and select five entries fr final cnsideratin. Besides, the cmpetitin invites Internet users t participate in its judging prcess. The tp-scring vide in the Ppular Vte will be added t this grup fr the final review.
Prizes
The ttal value f the prizes is $400.000. The winner will receive a $250.000 schlarship(奖学金) t leading universities, as well as a $100,000 grant t the winner’s schl fr the develpment f a science lab and a $50,000 award t a teacher f the winner’s chice
1．Which f the fllwing students can cmpete in the challenge?
A. A 19-year-ld science lver.B. The winner f last year.
C. A team f high schlers.D. A first-am e participant aged 15.
2．What can we infer abut the judging prcess?
A. Participants’ pinins are valued mst
B. Bth public and expert views are cnsidered.
C. Five entries are chsen fr the final review.
D. Experts’ scring is invlved in every rund.
3．Hw much will the winner receive?
A. $400,000B. $250,000C. $100,000D. $50,000
I had always struggled with my bdy weight since my childhd. Thugh I was the ne wh wre a wmen’s size 16 dress. I had never been teased r bullied(欺凌) in my schl thanks t the help f my best friends.
After I started t wrk, I decided t jin the gym with my clleague. At the gym, I stepped n the scale t weigh myself. and when 170 punds hit n the scale, it was the mst terrifying mment. I thught after a few mnths f ging t the gym and ding rigrus(严格的) wrks I wuld cme dwn t 150 punds. Hwever, wing t the wrk stress and lack f time. I had t drp ut f my jurney.
In 2015, I went t a gym again and began my weight lss jurney—ne that lasted fr 12 mnths and cncluded with me lsing 20 mre punds s that I culd be a bridesmaid(伴娘) f my best friend. I culd hit 130 punds n the scale. Sure I lst sme punds in the jurney, hwever, when I again went t my ld habits. I regained all the weight that I had lst.
The day I reached my weight back t 150 punds thanks t all the pizzas, sdas and junk fds. I was set n fire with mtivatin t change my life. Just as I’d dne fr the past few years. I again started t g back t the gym this time with determinatin and healthier eating.
A little ver a year after I’d started. I stepped n the same scale I’d first weighed myself n. I hit 110 punds n the scale. It was the mst transfrmative experience f my life—and nt simply m the ways ne might expect.
Even nw, when I feel my cnfidence flagging(衰落) r self-dubt creeping in, I think back t having successfully finished that, and I can draw strength.
4．Why did the authr stp ging t the gym fr the first time?
A. She was already satisfied with her weight.
B. She had t devte her time t her wrk.
C. She didn’t experience any weight lss.
D. She was laughed at by thers.
5．What prblem did the authr face after managing t lse sme weight?
A. She lst cnfidence in herselfB. She became t busy t wrk ut.
C. She develped sme new bad habits.D. She had difficulty keeping weight ff.
6．What can we learn abut the authr after her weight lss experience?
A. She culd be at self-dubt.
B. She expected t help thers.
C. She lst interest in ging t the gym.
D. She cared mre abut her appearance.
7．What message des the authr’s stry want t tell us?
A. It’s imprtant t live a full life.
B. We shuld always fcus n ur weight.
C. We shuld try ur best t change ur life.
D. It requires determinatin t keep a healthy lifestyle.
Since the pandemic(流行病) hit, we’re n vide calls mre than ever befre, and many are finding it extremely tiring.
Being n a vide call requires mre fcus than a face-t-face chat, says Gianpier Petriglien, an assciate prfessr at Insead. Vide chats mean we need t wrk harder t prcess facial expressins, the tne and pitch f the vice, and bdy language: paying mre attentin t these cnsumes a lt f energy. “Our minds are tgether when ur bdies feel we’re nt. That causes peple t have cnflicting(互相冲突) feelings, and i: is exhausting Yu cannt relax int the cnversatin naturally.” he says.
“Silence is anther challenge.” he adds. “Silence creates a natural rhythm in a real-life cnversatin. Hwever, when it happens in a vide call, yu becme anxius abut the technlgy.” It als makes peple uncmfrtable. One 2014 study by German Schlars shwed that delays(延迟)n phne r cnferencing systems shaped ur unpleasant views f peple: even delays f 1.2 secnds made peple regard the respnder as less friendly r fcused.
An added factr, says Marissa Shulffer, an assciate prfessr at Clemsn University, is that if we are physically n camera, we are very aware cu being watched. “When yu’re n a vide cnference, yu knew everybdy’s lking at yu; yu are n stage, s there cmes the scial pressure and feeling like yu need t perfrm. Being perfrmative is nerve-wracking.” It’s als very hard fr peple nt t lk at their wn face if they can see it n screen, r nt t be cnscius(有意识的) f hw they behave in frnt f the camera.
Bth experts suggest limiting vide calls t thse that are necessary. Turning n the camera shuld be ptinal and is general there shuld be mre understanding that cameras d nt always have t be n thrughut teach meeting. Having yur screen ff t the side, instead f straight ahead, culd als help yur cncentratin, particularly in grup meetings, says Petriglien. It makes yu feel like yu’re in a next-dr rm, s yu may be less bring.
8．What des Gianpier Petriglien think f vide calls?
A. They need mre cncentratin.B. They g n mre naturally.
C. They are mre relaxing.D. They take lnger time.
9．What makes peple uncmfrtable accrding t the 2014 study?
A. Facial expressins.B. Occasinal silence.
C. Prcessing bdy languageD. Nt receiving a timely reply
10．What des the underlined wrd “nerve-wracking” in Paragraph 4mean?
A. Causing excitement.B. Causing disappintment.
C. Making ne feel nervus.D. Making ne feel surprised.
11．What’s the text mainly abut?
A. The cnvenience f vide chats.B. Why vide chats are s exhausting.
C. The develpment f mbile phnes.D. What technlgical develpment brings
Lake Victria is best knwn t the general public fllwing the intrductin f the 2004 dcumentary Darwin’s Nightmare, which fcuses n the envirnmental and scial effects f the Nile perch(河鲈) fishing industry The Nile perch is the largest freshwater fish, which can grw up t tw metres lng and weigh 200kg Its intrductin int Lake Victria in the 1950s and its rapid ppulatin grwth in the 1960s gradually wiped ut the native fish species living in the lake, causing a majr eclgical disaster Tday, the Nile perch ppulatin can be fund everywhere but has reduced slightly due t verfishing, allwing sme species t partially recver.
What is less well knwn, and perhaps interacting with the presence f the Nile perch, but equally damaging t the ecsystem, is the general water quality f the lake. “This declined sharply between the 1960s and the 1990s due t eutrphicatin(富营养化), which is caused by increased inputs f nutrients(营养物) int the water bdies as a result f increased human activities m the catchment area.” explains Albert Brges, FNRS Research Directr at the Labratry f Chemical Oceangraphy frm the University f Liege.
Frm 2018 t 2019, a research team led by Albert Brges, studied the bimass(生物量) and cmpsitin f phytplanktn(浮游植物) as well as the nutrient status f the lake during three scientific missins. This study shws that the phytplanktn camass has decreased by abut seven times cmpared t the 1990s.” says the researchers. “and that the species cmpsitin has als changed in a subtle way.” What seems t be gd news fr the envirnment f Lake Victria may nly be n the surface.
“Thus means that the current imprvement in water quality in Lake Victria may nly be temprary and that cnditins culd becme wrse again in the future due t cntinued climate warming.” says Albert Brges.
12．Why was the dcumentary Darwin’s Nightmare made in 2004°
A. T hnr Darwin’s great cntributins.
B. T make Lake Victria knwn t the wrld.
C. T recrd the serius pllutin in Lake Victria.
D. T shw hw the Nile perch fishing industry affected Lake Victria.
13．What d we knw abut the intrductin f Nile perch int Lake Victria?
A. It was disastrus t Lake Victria.
B. It helped cntrl ther species in Lake Victria.
C. It benefited the fishermen a lt in Lake Victria area.
D. It greatly imprved the water quality in Lake Victria.
14．What mainly makes eutrphicatin in Lake Victria happen?
A. The fishing industry.B. The decreased number f fish.
C. The decrease f phytplanktn.D. Mre and mre inputs f nutrients.
15．What’s Albert Brges’ attitude t the future f Lake Victria?
A. Hpeful.B. Deeply cncerned.
C. IndifferentD. Cautiusly ptimistic
二、七选五
16．Happiness is a state f mind. When yu learn t bserve yur thughts and emtins(情感), yu can nurture a jyful life and think mre psitively. After all, everyne has the ptential t feel happy. ①________
Keep a thught diary
Write dwn thughts as they cme up thrughut the day. When yu’ve finished, g back and read yur thught diary ut lud. Can yu identify negative(消极的) self-talk that might hld yu back frm feeling jyful? When these situatins arise in the future, step back fr a mment. Think abut why yu think this way and what happened the last time yu were in this situatin. ②_______
Cntrl the mnkey mind with meditatin (冥想)
Is yur mind full f questins like “What d I really want t d with my life?” “Am I happy?” “Did I remember t lck the dr?” ③_______ If yu want t develp a happy, peaceful mind, yu must make friends with them. Train yur mnkeys and give them a jb t d, like watching yur breath, repeating a phrase, r simply bserving the present mment. These meditatin practices train yur mind and help calm the mnkeys.
Respnd vs react
④_______ Even s-called negative emtins, like anger, sadness, r fear, have their functin. After all, a healthy fear f heights keeps yu frm falling ff a cliff(悬崖)! The trick is t nt allw yur emtins t vercme yu. ⑤_______ When yu react, the uncnscius mind takes ver. Yu may take actin withut thinking, and d smething yu regret. Respnse means taking a step back and bserving yur emtins.
A. What kinds f thinking habits d yu usually have?
B. Lear n t respnd t yur emtins, rather than react.
C. Fllwing these practices, yu’ll think mre psitively and be happy.
D. Smetimes that vice in yur head behaves like a bunch f mnkeys.
E. Yu can start by understanding what causes negative thught patterns.
F. Peple cannt blck thughts and emtins because they are necessary.
G. Perhaps yu can even cme up with ther gd pinins n the situatin.
三、完形填空（15空）
I grew up in a small twn near the Suth Dakta brder. There was n Internet, and the televisin signals cming frm Minneaplis were 1 received. It wuld have been a 2 childhd if it were nt fr ne f the mst memrable characters f my life and the small library.
Miss Grve, the 3 , was a “queen” and the library was her “realm (王国)”. She 4 n lud behavir in her library. She was serius and 5 just sitting at the tp f her staircase. “Reading is the way the sul breathes,” was ne f the few sentences she ever said. Other than that, she seldm brke the 6 in her library.
My mst 7 memry f Miss Grve was the time when I frgt t 8 an verdue bk. When I finally put it n her desk she infrmed me that I 9 thirty-three cents t the library. “I frgt.” I replied. She gave me a reprieve (延缓) and said I culd keep my library card 10 I paid her in installments (分期付款) f three cents a week. I left the library immediately t 11 empty pp bttles in trash cans t earn mney. A few weeks later, when I 12 several pennies n her desk, she said, “Dennis, yu’re still 15 cents shrt but I think yu’ve learned the 13 .” She slipped me the pennies I had just given her and said, “Yu can keep these.”
Miss Grve was a small-twn character, but she played a 14 rle in helping children fall in lve with reading, especially thse with 15 reading resurces in the twn just like me.
17．A. widelyB. barelyC. freelyD. clearly
18．A. funnyB. secretC. pleasantD. lnely
19．A. neighbrB. headmasterC. librarianD. teacher
20．A. permittedB. shwedC. hatedD. changed
21．A. rudeB. humrusC. appealingD. frightening
22．A. silenceB. cnnectinC. systemD. pwer
23．A. famusB. permanentC. cmplexD. regrettable
24．A. readB. describeC. dnateD. return
25．A. lentB. passedC. wedD. awarded
26．A. s lng asB. even thughC. in rder thatD. in case
27．A. break dwnB. make utC. search frD. mix up
28．A. investedB. placedC. bservedD. discvered
29．A. strategyB. truthC. luckD. lessn
30．A. crucialB. tempraryC. traditinalD. plitical
31．A. unexpectedB. riginalC. limitedD. specific
四、短文填空
32．A message in a bttle that travelled mre than 3,200 km acrss the Atlantic Ocean has received a respnse—three years ①_______ beginning its wnderful jurney.
Sean Smith, wh is nw 16, ②_______ (send) ut the message while n hliday in Rhde Island n Thanksgiving in 2018. He put a nte in a bttle ③_______ read, “It is Thanksgiving. I am 13 and ④_______ (visit) my relatives in Rhde Island. I am frm Vermnt. If yu find this bttle, email me ...”
Fast-frward t 2021, and ⑤_______ message was discvered by Christian Sants, a 17-year-ld by living in Prtugal’s Azres Islands. He always picks up trash flating n the water in an attempt ⑥_______ (prtect) the envirnment. After finding the bttle, he decided t fllw the ⑦_______ (instructin) in the bttle.
Christian’s email nearly fell n deaf ears because Sean had frgtten that he had sent ut the message as a child, and culdn’t remember the passwrd t his email accunt. ⑧_______ (thankful), the stry didn’t end there. Christian’s mther psted her sn’s ⑨_______ (discver) n the Internet. Sn, Sean saw the pst and gt in tuch with Christian.
“It’s cl that smebdy fund it s far away and we were actually able t get in tuch,” said Sean. They ⑩_______ (becme) gd friends ever since and the friendship is well wrth the wait.
五、书面表达
33．假定你是李华，明天你班英语课上将就“未来学校”这一话题展开讨论。请你写一篇发言稿，参加讨论，内容包括：
1.简要介绍你想象中的未来学校：
2.可能存在的利弊：
3.你的观点。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右：
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
六、读后续写
34．It was right after Thanksgiving that registered nurse Jennifer Smith gt an early mrning phne call frm Jhn Burley, ne f her favrite patients. He was extremely wrried abut his belved dg.
Smith came t wrk early the Mnday after Thanksgiving. Burley, wh struggles a bit with speech, was calling frm his hspital rm, “Bmer is in the pund(流浪狗收容所)! Bmer is in the pund! Bmer is my wrld.”
Smith, wh has been a nurse fr 12 years, has a 13-year-ld dg herself she has had since a puppy, s she fully understd the panic. She tld Burley that she culd tell he was cncerned and als scared abut what wuld happen t Bmer.
Burley tk a breath and asked Smith, “Will yu take care f Bmer?” “Of curse, Jhn, I will find Bmer and take care f him fr yu,” Jennifer Smith became a nurse t help peple: any way that she can help smebdy.
Smith had met Burley at the Grand Rehabilitatin(康复) and Nursing Center in Rme, New Yrk, thrugh its adult day health care prgram, which is fr patients requiring supervisin(监护), and which allws them t scialize with thers while receiving medical care.
60-year-ld Burley still had his wn apartment where he lived alne with his dg Bmer. Burley had adpted the 12-year-ld dg in Arkansas when he was a puppy and later mved t New Yrk. Mst f his family still lives in Arkansas, s when he was hspitalized fr pneumnia(肺炎)and lung prblems, he had n ne t take care f Bmer. N ne—except Smith.
Smith frmed a friendship with Burley in the adult daycare prgram and he wuld ften talk abut Bmer, shwing ff pictures f his furry cmpanin. “I culdn’t separate the tw f them. I just culdn’t. It made my heart sad fr him and Bmer,” thught Smith.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。
Burley didn’t knw which shelter Bmer was in.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
With the permissin(允许) f the nursing center, Smith was able t bring Bmer t wrk with her.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
1．答案：D
解析：
2．答案：B
解析：
3．答案：A
解析：
4．答案：B
解析：
5．答案：D
解析：
6．答案：A
解析：
7．答案：D
解析：
8．答案：A
解析：
9．答案：D
解析：
10．答案：C
解析：
11．答案：B
解析：
12．答案：D
解析：
13．答案：A
解析：
14．答案：D
解析：
15．答案：B
解析：
16．答案：①-⑤CGDFB
17．答案： B
解析：根据上文“There was n Internet”和下文“if it were nt fr ne f the mst memrable characters f my life and the small library”可知, 作者小时候居住在南达科他州的边境小镇, 那时候没有网络, 而仅有的电视信号也几乎接收不到 (were barely received), 如果没有Miss Grve和这个小图书馆, 他的童年一定很孤独 (lnely)。
18．答案： D
解析：见上题解析。
19．答案： C
解析：根据下文“and the library was her ‘realm (王国)’”可知, Miss Grve当时是这个图书馆的管理员 (librarian)。
20．答案： A
解析：根据下文“‘Reading is the way the sul breathes.’ was ne f the few sentences she ever said. Other than that, she seldm brke the __________ in her library.”可知, Miss Grve不允许 (permitted) 人们在图书馆有大声的行为。
21．答案： D
解析：根据上文“She was serius”和下文对Miss Grve的讲述可知, Miss Grve很少说话, 很严肃, 让人望而生畏 (frightening)。
22．答案： A
解析：根据上文“‘Reading is the way the sul breathes.’ was ne f the few sentences she ever said. Other than that”可知, Miss Grve很少说话, 所以很少打破图书馆的寂静 (silence)。
23．答案： B
解析：根据下文内容可知, 这一段主要讲述了作者对Miss Grve印象最深的事, 即他对Miss Grve最永恒的 (permanent) 记忆。
24．答案： D
解析：根据下文作者需要赚钱给图书馆可知, 作者忘记归还 (return) 一本到期的书。
25．答案： C
解析：根据下文“I paid her in installments (分期付款) f three cents a week”可知, 当作者最后把书放在Miss Grve的桌子上时, Miss Grve告知作者欠 (wed) 图书馆33美分。
26．答案： A
解析：根据上文“She gave me a reprieve (延缓)”和下文“A few weeks later, when I ________ several pennies n her desk. she said. ‘Dennis. yu’re still 15 cents shrt but I think yu’ve learned the__________.’”可知, 作者只要 (s lng as) 以分期付款的方式每星期付给Miss Grve三分钱, Miss Grve就允许他保留图书卡。
27．答案： C
解析：根据下文“empty pp bttles in trash cans t earn mney”可知, 作者离开图书馆后马上开始寻找 (search fr) 空瓶子去赚钱。
28．答案： B
解析：根据下文“She slipped me the pennies I had just given her and said, ‘Yu can keep these.’ ”可知, 当作者把一些钱放在 (placed) Miss Grve的桌上时. Miss Grve让作者拿回了桌上的钱, 因为她认为作者已经学到了教训 (lessn)。
29．答案： D
解析：见上题解析。
30．答案： A
解析：根据第三段的描述可知, Miss Grve虽然是一个小人物, 但她帮助那些资源有限的 (limited)小镇上的孩子爱上了阅读, 在这一方面她发挥了至关重要的 (crucial) 作用。
31．答案： C
解析：见上题解析。
32．答案：after；sent；which；visiting；the；t prtect； instructins；Thankfully；discvery；have becme
33．答案：
One pssible versin:
Dear friends!
What I am talking abut tday is the future schl. It is certain that the develpment f technlgy will bring s many changes int future schls, such as the cmbinatin f the latest technlgy and the mst ppular teaching methds, which, f curse, will make classes livelier. Cmputers and ther electrnic devices will becme necessary in class. Hwever, sme shrtcmings will still exist. Fr instance, strnger dependence n technlgy may cause lack f critical and independent thinking. All in all, schls in the future will be mre fascinating.
That’s all. Thank yu!
34．答案：
One pssible versin:
Burley didn’t knw which shelter Bmer was in. Smith immediately called nearby animal shelters. Hard wrk paid ff finally, and she learned Bmer had been taken t a shelter nearby. She tk an early lunch the next day and drve t the shelter, where she fund Bmer in a large cage. Smith immediately let Burley knw Bmer’s current state. She managed t adpt Bmer and sn Bmer was settled in her hme, tgether with her dg.
With the permissin(允许) f the nursing center, Smith was able t bring Bmer t wrk with her. Burley had the pprtunity t see Bmer several times a day, which helped greatly in his recvery. The ther residents in the center lved Bmer, t. Burley was prud t shw ff Bmer as he rested n his lap in the wheelchair. They smiled and petted him. Apparently Bmer brught jy t all peple in the center. They spke highly f Smith’s actin. “I can’t cure diseases. I’m nt a miracle wrker. I just help my patients when they need me,” said Smith, wh pursued a career in nursing s that she culd help peple.