专题08 中考科普知识类阅读-【查漏补缺】2024年中考英语复习冲刺过关（江苏专用）

这是一份专题08 中考科普知识类阅读-【查漏补缺】2024年中考英语复习冲刺过关（江苏专用），共25页。
寻找所需信息，如年代、数字、人名、地名等，把握住关键词，利用语法过渡词、语气转折词及时态等，抓住文章脉络。
寻找主题句往往是做好此类题的关键。每段的主题句(常在首句、尾句、首尾句、段落中和归纳分析)一般都用来表示一个段落的主旨大意。而整篇文章的主题句往往隐藏在首段或尾段。
这类题型在选择项中错误多以干扰项出现，干扰项多属文中某个具体事实或细节、从文中某些(不完全的)事实或细节片面推出的错误结论或者是非文章事实的主观臆断。
做题时不要脱离原文只凭自已的想象混乱推理或只凭常识推理;答案一定在文章中找到依据或理由，分析材料所提供的全部事实。另外要重视文章的主旨，所选答案的内容一定不能脱离主题大意。
知识点二：科普知识类阅读的考察方向
①实验、研究的目的（The main purpse f the study is t find ut _________.）
②作者或者某个文中人物的观点态度（What is the writer’s attitude (态度) twards…….?）
③文章采用的写作手法（Hw des the writer rganize the ideas in the article?）
④最佳标题题（What’s the best title f the article?）
类型1：实验、研究的目的
D
Pet parrts that are allwed t make vide calls t ther birds shw signs f feeling less islated, accrding t scientists.
The study, which invlved giving the birds a cmputer that they culd use t make vide calls, fund that they began t engage in mre scial behavirs including preening, singing and playing. The birds were given a chice f which “friend” t call n a tuchscreen cmputer and the study shwed that the parrts that called ther birds mst ften were the mst ppular chices.
Ilyena Hirskyj-Duglas, f the University f Glasgw and a c-authr f the study, said that vide calls had helped many peple feel less islated in the last few years. She added, “There are 20 millin parrts living in peple’s hmes in the USA, and we wanted t explre whether thse birds might benefit (受益) frm vide calling t. If we gave them the chance t call ther parrts, wuld they chse t d s, and wuld the experience benefit the parrts and their caregivers?”
Their study f 18 pet parrts suggested that there were, indeed, benefits fr the birds. In the wild, many species f parrts live in large grups, but as pets they are, kept alne r in a small grup. Living alne can cause birds, t develp mental prblems, which include rcking, walking back and frth, r self-harming behavirs such as feather-plucking.
The parrts first learned t ring a bell and then tuch a pht f anther bird n the screen f a cmputer t make a call t that bird, with the help f their wners. In ttal the birds made 147 calls t each ther during the study, while wners tk detailed ntes n the birds’ behavir and the researchers later reviewed the vide ftage.
Jennifer Cunha f Nrtheastern University said that the parrts “seemed t knw” that they were cmmunicating with ther birds. “All the bird wners in the study said they valued the experience, and wuld want t cntinue using the system with their parrts in the future,” she said.
“I was quite surprised at s many different behavirs,” said Hirskyj-Duglas. “Sme wuld sing, sme wuld play arund and g upside dwn, thers wuld want t shw anther bird their tys.”
34. The main purpse f the study is t find ut _________.
A. if parrts can learn t make vide callsB. if parrts can benefit frm vide calling
C. why parrts can have s many benefitD. why parrts can develp mental prblems
【答案】34. B
【解析】细节理解题。根据“There are 20 millin parrts living in peple’s hmes in the USA, and we wanted t explre whether thse birds might benefit (受益) frm vide calling t.”可知，在美国，有2000万只鹦鹉生活在人们的家中，我们想探索一下这些鹦鹉是否也能从视频通话中受益。由此可知，这项研究的主要目的是找出鹦鹉是否能从视频通话中受益。故选B。
类型2：作者或者某个文中人物的观点态度
Scientists wh study happiness have evidence (证据) t shw that being kind t thers can result in happiness. Acts as simple as buying a cup f cffee fr smene can lift a persn’s md, fr example. Everyday life is full f chances fr such actins, yet peple d nt always make the mst f them.
In studies, behaviral scientist Nichlas Epley and I examined a pssible explanatin: peple wh d kind acts underestimate (低估) hw much the nes receiving kindness value their behavir.
In the experiments (实验), abut 1, 000 peple were asked t d sme actins t make smene else feel gd. We asked bth the persn perfrming (执行) the kind act and the ne receiving it t answer sme questins. The perfrmers were asked t reprt their wn experience and t guess hw the receivers might feel. We wanted t understand hw valuable peple cnsidered these acts t be, s bth the perfrmer and receiver had t rate (评分) hw “big” the act seemed. In all cases, we cmpared the perfrmer’s expectatins f the receiver’s md with the receiver’s actual (实际的) experience.
Fr ne, bth perfrmers and receivers experienced mre psitive (积极的) mds. Fr anther, the receivers felt much better than the kind perfrmers expected. The receivers als rated these acts as “bigger” than the peple perfrming them did.
At first, we studied acts f the kindness dne fr familiar peple, such as friends, classmates r family. But we fund that perfrmers underestimated their psitive influences n strangers as well. In ne experiment, perfrmers in a public park gave away ht chclate n a cld winter’s day t peple that just happened t be nearby. Again, the kind act brught mre happiness than the perfrmers expected.
These findings suggest that what might seem small culd matter a great deal t the persn we d it fr. Cnsidering these warm actins can imprve ur wn md and brighten the day f anther persn, why nt chse kindness when we can?
35. What is the writer’s attitude (态度) twards shwing kindness t thers?
A. Supprtive.B. Unclear.C. Dubtful.D. Uninterested.
【答案】35. A
【解析】推理判断题。根据“why nt chse kindness when we can?”可知作者建议我们要选择善良，所以作者对于对别人友善的行为是支持的。故选A。
C
My AI friend
I’ve spent a mnth using ChatGPT every day, and I think my life will never be the same.
The bad news is that ChatGPT is ging t take my jb.
Like many freigners in China, I make a living frm my English skills. In my case, mstly as an editr(编辑). My bread and butter cmes frm editing text int smth passages that a native speaker can read withut t much effrt. I’m pretty gd at my jb, but I’m sad t say that ChatGPT is even better at it.
ChatGPT turns ut t be excellent at generating headlines. On a stry abut educatin segregatin in the US, it suggested the headline “Unzipping the Educatin Gwn: America’s Inequality Expsed.”
The gd news is that ChatGPT makes me mre efficient, and a better friend. It even makes me smarter.
Fr example, my kitchen was in a mess and I didn’t knw hw t rerganize it. I described my kithen, and it gave excellent advice, including exactly what shuld g n each f the seven shelves, and where t put the pts. It even tld me t stp string my ptates and carrts beside each ther, because “they release gases that can cause each ther t spil mre quickly.”
When I needed t prepare fr my baby’s first birthday party, it came up with an entire menu, including a special “smash cake” my girl culd eat with her hands, and tld me t relax. “Ultimately, the mst imprtant thing t create a welcming and enjyable atmsphere fr yur guests, and t fcus n spending time tgether and having fun,” it reminded me.
As I cntinue t depend n ChatGPT, the distinctin between my wn ideas and its cntributins becmes increasingly unclear.
As yu pnder this, I leave yu with a questin: did ChatGPT help me write this article, r was it slely the wrk f a human?
41. What is the writer’s attitude(态度) tward ChatGPT?
A. UnsatisfiedB. UnknwnC. Oppsed(反对的)D. Favrable(喜爱的)
【答案】3 41. D
【解析】观点态度题。根据“My AI friend”可知，作者把ChatGPT当作他的朋友，他喜欢ChatGPT。故选D。
类型3：文章采用的写作手法
C
Vlunteering is a great way t bring psitive（积极的）changes t peple, cmmunities and sciety in general. The wrd “vlunteering” started being used in the 18th century when peple were willingly jining the military（军事）service. Tday, the wrd is nt s much cnnected with the military service, but with cmmunity service.
Official rganized vlunteering appeared in the 19th century and became mre ppular in the 20th century. And the biggest develpment in vlunteering was brught by the Internet. Organizatins can reach peple mre easily nline. Helpful platfrms were raised, and mre vlunteers became interested when they fund ut abut different chances.
We can learn a lt frm vlunteering. It cnnects us t thers. It is a great way t meet new peple with cmmn interests. It als helps us make new friends, and imprves ur scial skills.
Vlunteering brings fun in ur life. It is a fun and easy way t explre ur interests and passins. Many peple vlunteer in rder t make time fr hbbies utside f wrk. Fr example, if a persn has a desk jb and wants t spend time utdrs, he might cnsider vlunteering t help plant a cmmunity garden, walk dgs fr an animal shelter, r help ut at a children’s camp.
Vlunteering can als be helpful fr ur careers. If we are cnsidering a new career, vlunteering can help us get experience in ther areas and meet peple in the field. Als, many vlunteer chances prvide training, r can help us build upn skills we already have. Vlunteering desn’t just feel gd. It’s gd fr us.
38. Hw des the writer rganize the idea in Paragraph 4?
A. By giving examples.B. By cmparing facts.
C. By telling stries.D. By explaining rules.
【答案】38. A
【解析】细节理解题。根据“Fr example, if a persn has a desk jb and want t spend time utdrs, he might cnsider vlunteering t help plant a cmmunity garden, walk dgs fr an animal shelter, r help ut at a children’s camp.”可知，作者通过举例子来组织第四段的内容。故选B。
One teacher praises a student by saying “Yu’re s smart!” Anther teacher says “Yu must have wrked really hard at this!” Which student des better in schl? Studies shw that students wh hear the wrds f the secnd teacher will d better. Thse students are learning that their effrt is imprtant.
Psychlgists（心理学家）lked at what students did after they were given different types f praise. Sme students were tld that they were gd at a task. They didn’t try very hard the next time. Other students were tld that they had wrked hard at a task. They wrked even harder the next time. The first grup f students was learning that they had a set amunt f skill. They didn’t think they culd d any better. This is called a fixed mindset（思维模式）. The secnd grup was learning that they culd d better if they kept trying. This is called a grwth mindset. Peple wh have a grwth mindset believe that the brain can grw; peple can d better and learn new skills. If they wrk hard, they can be successful.
Hw can teachers and parents help students succeed? They can fcus mainly n effrt and nt simply n ability. When students succeed, teachers and parents shuld praise the actual wrk rather than intelligence（智力）r talent. When students fail, they shuld be tld hw they can d better. Teachers, parents and students need t value effrt, nt intelligence.
36. Hw des the writer rganize the ideas in the article?
A. By telling stries.B. By listing numbers.
C. By drawing mind maps.D. By cmparing facts.
【答案】36. D
【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段“Psychlgists（心理学家）lked at what students did after they were given different types f praise. Sme students were tld that they were gd at a task. They didn’t try very hard the next time. Other students were tld that they had wrked hard at a task. They wrked even harder the next time.”可知，文章第二段介绍了两组不同的学生在接受不同表扬后的行为表现，说明了固定型思维和成长型思维的不同；故文章通过对比事实来组织文章中心思想。故选D。
D
Have yu heard the latest buzz(蜂鸣)? Bumblebees have. Accrding t a new study, trends can pass thrugh a bumblebee clny (族群) as bees watch and cpy ne anther’s behavir. This means the bees have a culture, which is a set f shared behavirs animals learn frm ne anther. Peple nce thught humans were the nly species t develp cultures, but chimpanzees and sme birds have als been fund t have this ability.
A research team frm the UK set up puzzle bxes that ffered a sweet-tasting reward when pened. “Demnstratr”(演示者) bees were taught t pen the bxes by pushing a red tab r a blue tab. Sme “Observer” (观察者)bees saw the demnstratr bees pen the bxes, while ther bees were nt allwed t watch befre trying t pen the bxes themselves.
The grup f bees that had watched a demnstratr were able t pen the puzzle bxes abut 28 times a day, while the ther grup pened them nly nce a day. The bserver bees almst always used the same methd as the demnstratrs did. Fr example, thse wh watched a bee pen a bx using the red tab almst always pushed the red tab as well.
“Sme f them wuld play arund with the bx and find anther way, but they still wuld return really strngly t the demnstratr’s preferred behavir,” Alice Bridges, the lead authr f the study, tld The Washingtn Pst. She said the bees were develping “a lcal trend.”
Even when the researchers allwed grups f bees t see bth methds, each grup sn develped its wn trend. A skill was passed alng as new bees learned frm mre experienced bees. After several days, ne clny came t prefer the “blue methd”, while the ther almst always chse the “red methd.”
“The fact that bees can watch and learn, and then make a habit f that behavir, adds t the fact that they are far smarter creatures than a lt f peple have thught,” said study c-authr Lars Chittka.
42. Hw des the scientists explain their findings abut the bumblebees?
A. By intrducing sme rules.
B. By listing a lt f numbers.
C. By mentining achievements in thers’ studies.
D. By making cmparisns in different experiments.
【答案】42. D
【解析】细节理解题。根据““Demnstratr”(演示者) bees were taught t pen the bxes by pushing a red tab r a blue tab. Sme “Observer” (观察者)bees saw the demnstratr bees pen the bxes, while ther bees were nt allwed t watch befre trying t pen the bxes themselves.”可知，科学家通过在不同的实验中进行对比，从而来解释他们的发现。故选D。
类型4：最佳标题题
C
ChatGPT, an intelligent AI chatbt(聊天机器人) tl, has been very ppular all ver the wrld in the past few mnths. Accrding t a US survey f mre than 1,000 students, ver 89 percent f them have used ChatGPT t help with their hmewrk.
Develped by US cmpany OpenAI, ChatGPT is a pwerful tl. Yu can ask it t write stries and emails, create recipes, translate languages, and answer all kinds f questins.
Sme schls in the US, Australia and France have banned(禁止) the use f ChatGPT. In the US, fr example, New Yrk City public schls banned students and teachers frm using ChatGPT.
The mve cmes ut f wrries that the tl culd make it easier fr students t cheat(作弊) n hmewrk. Sme als wrry that ChatGPT culd be used t spread incrrect infrmatin.
Apart frm bans, teachers are making changes t their classes t stp the use f ChatGPT.
Sme cllege teachers in the US try t include mre speaking exams and handwritten papers instead f typed nes.
Hwever, nt all schls say “n” t ChatGPT. Sme Canadian universities are drafting plicies n its use, fr bth students and teachers.They have n plans t cmpletely ban the tl s far.
Bhaskar Vira, pr-vice-chancellr(副校长) fr educatin at the University Cambridge in the UK, said that bans n Al sftware like ChatGPT are wise. “We have t knw that AI is a tl peple will use,” he tld the schl newspaper the university. What we need t d is “change ur learning, teaching and examinatin. That way, we can “have integrity(诚信) while recgnizing(认可) the use f the tl”.
41. What’s the best title f this passage?
A. ChatGPT: A useful tl fr pepleB. ChatGPT: A useless tl fr peple
C. ChatGPT: Gd r Bad?D. What is ChatGPT?
【答案】41. C
【解析】最佳标题题。通过全文可知，主要介绍了一款智能聊天机器人以及人们对它的不同的态度，其中有的人持支持态度，有的人持反对态度，D选项“ChatGPT: Gd r Bad?”（ChatGPT：是好还是坏？），符合题意。故选C。
D
It’s a ppular belief that a fish’s memry lasts fr nly seven secnds. It may seem sad t think that they dn’t remember what they’ve eaten r where they’ve been, and they dn’t recgnize(识别) yu r any f their friends — every mment in their life wuld be like seeing the wrld fr the first time.
But dn’t be s quick t feel srry fr them. A new study has fund that fish have a much better memry than we used t think. In fact, certain kind f fish can even remember events frm as lng as 12 days ag.
In the study, researchers frm MacEwan University in Canada trained a kind f fish called African cichlids t g t a certain area f their tank t get fd. They then waited fr 12 days befre putting them back in the tank again.
Researchers used cmputer sftware t mnitr the fish’s mvements. They fund that after such a lng break the fish still went t the same place where they first gt fd. This suggested that they culd remember their past experiences.
In fact, scientists had been thinking fr a lng time that African cichlids might have a gd memry. An earlier study shwed that they behaved aggressively in frnt f certain fish, perhaps because they remembered their past “fights”. But until the latest findings, there was n clear evidence.
40. What is the purpse f paragraph 1?
A. T shw fish’s bad memry.B. T shw the main idea f the passage.
C. T shw ur misunderstanding abut fish.D. T make readers feel srry fr fish.
【答案】40. C
【解析】主旨大意题。根据“It’s a ppular belief that a fish’s memry lasts fr nly seven secnds…”可知，第一段讲述了我们所认知的鱼记忆力只有7秒钟，目的是为了来说明我们对鱼的误解，故选C。
Scientists wh study happiness have evidence (证据) t shw that being kind t thers can result in happiness. Acts as simple as buying a cup f cffee fr smene can lift a persn’s md, fr example. Everyday life is full f chances fr such actins, yet peple d nt always make the mst f them.
In studies, behaviral scientist Nichlas Epley and I examined a pssible explanatin: peple wh d kind acts underestimate (低估) hw much the nes receiving kindness value their behavir.
In the experiments (实验), abut 1, 000 peple were asked t d sme actins t make smene else feel gd. We asked bth the persn perfrming (执行) the kind act and the ne receiving it t answer sme questins. The perfrmers were asked t reprt their wn experience and t guess hw the receivers might feel. We wanted t understand hw valuable peple cnsidered these acts t be, s bth the perfrmer and receiver had t rate (评分) hw “big” the act seemed. In all cases, we cmpared the perfrmer’s expectatins f the receiver’s md with the receiver’s actual (实际的) experience.
Fr ne, bth perfrmers and receivers experienced mre psitive (积极的) mds. Fr anther, the receivers felt much better than the kind perfrmers expected. The receivers als rated these acts as “bigger” than the peple perfrming them did.
At first, we studied acts f the kindness dne fr familiar peple, such as friends, classmates r family. But we fund that perfrmers underestimated their psitive influences n strangers as well. In ne experiment, perfrmers in a public park gave away ht chclate n a cld winter’s day t peple that just happened t be nearby. Again, the kind act brught mre happiness than the perfrmers expected.
These findings suggest that what might seem small culd matter a great deal t the persn we d it fr. Cnsidering these warm actins can imprve ur wn md and brighten the day f anther persn, why nt chse kindness when we can?
36. What is the main idea f this article?
A. Being kind can reduce ne’s happiness as expected.
B. Kindness can have unexpectedly psitive influences.
C. Chsing kindness is mre difficult than expected.
D. Shwing kindness is mre valuable than receiving it.
【答案】36. B
【解析】主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了研究表明，善良会产生意想不到的积极影响。故选B。
D
Many f us have seen rainbws in the sky nce the sun starts shining again after it rains. Fr us t see a rainbw, the cnditins need t be just right. We need sme water drps in the air, like rain r even fg, and we need the sun t be behind us and quite lw t the grund. This is because a rainbw is created by light passing thrugh water drps.
The light that cmes frm the sun seems white t us. But the white light we see is made up f a mix f different clrs. When the light ges thrugh a raindrp, these clrs can separate ut. Each f the clrs in the rainbw has a different “wavelength” (波长). Raindrps lk like little balls. When light hits ne f these little balls f water, the light can change directin. We call this “refractin” (折射). Each f the different wavelengths is refracted differently. If the light hits the raindrp at the right place, the refractin separates the wavelengths ut int their different clrs.
We are taught there are seven clrs: red, range, yellw, green, blue, indig and vilet. But this isn’t exactly true. Blue and green are next t each ther in the rainbw, which is why we can see turquise (a mix f blue and green). Brwn is a mix f red and green. But they aren’t next t each ther in the rainbw, s we dn’t see them mix t make brwn.
We wuld never see black and white in a rainbw. Black is what we see when there’s n light at all. On the ther hand, white is a mix f all the clrs tgether. When light is refracted by raindrps, it separates the white light ut, meaning it is n lnger white.
40. What’s the best title fr the passage?
A. Hw are the clrs received in the rainbw?
B. When can the clrs turn blue in the rainbw?
C. Which clrs aren’t cvered with light in the rainbw?
D. Why can’t we find white, black and brwn in the rainbw?
【答案】40. D
【解析】本最佳标题题。根据“We are taught there are seven clrs: red, range, yellw, green, blue, indig and vilet. But this isn’t exactly they aren’t next t each ther in the rainbw, s we dn’t see them mix t make brwn.”和“We wuld never see black and white in a rainbw. ”可知，我们被教导有七种颜色：红、橙、黄、绿、蓝、靛和紫，但是我们在彩虹中看不见白色，黑色和棕色，所以D选项符合，故选D。
B
The Drama Festival will run in and utside China frm June 20 t July 7. Sixty-five wrks will be put n bth in theaters and nline. “The festival is all abut imaginatin cnnecting drama with the latest technlgy,” says Liu Chang, manager f the festival, wh is als a drama directr. Technlgy has imprved design, perfrmances and s n. Artists like Liu aren’t sure if the new technlgy can take drama t the future.
A Chinese play directed by Meng Jinghui, inspired (赋予灵感) by the tw-part drama Faust by Jhann Wlfgang vn Gethe, will be n as the pening play f the festival. In the first half f the play, Meng intrduces the stry t 400 real audiences (观众) sitting in the Fengcha Theater in Beijing. The secnd half f the play will have mre audiences, wh use their cellphnes, cmputers and headsets t be part f the play nline.
Zhang Zhuxiang is a directr full f imaginatin. His wrk, inspired by Hiernymus Bsch’s painting The Garden f Earthly Delights, will be shwn frm June 30 t July 2. Supprted by AI, audiences can explre the fictitius scene, similar t the feeling in the real wrld, as the painting describes.
“The stage (舞台) design is dne by AI, which is like an assistant realizing the ideas f me and my team,” says Liu, “Nw I try t use the latest technlgy, such as ChatGPT, t write the script, and I am still wrking n it because the language mdel is difficult t understand.”
Nw technlgy is playing a mre and mre imprtant rle. Many artists want t use it t imprve drama. They are very interested in the relatinship between peple and the latest technlgy, especially when cnnected in drama—a scene t dream.
37. What is the best title f this passage?
A. A drama festivalB. Human imaginatin
C. Drama f the futureD. AI-assisted technlgy
【答案】37. D
【解析】最佳标题题。本文主要介绍AI在戏剧节中的运用。D项“AI辅助的科技”符合题意。故选D。
Yu stand in a garden. A lw nise reaches yur ears. Yu see a small insect flying near yur head. Yu turn t lk, and it flies ut f sight. There it is again! Yu mve slwly. Yu can see yellw and black stripes n it.
Is it a bee? It lands n a flwer, and yu take a clser lk.
Bees fld(折叠) their wings nt their backs when they stp flying. But this insect’s wings reach ut like a fly’s. That’s because it is a fly—a flwer fly.
Many flwer flies lk like bees. This helps keep them safe frm animals that may want t eat them. Insects with yellw and black stripes usually have stingers(刺). Insect eaters, such as sme birds and frgs, need t get stung nly nce t knw that stripes mean truble. Flwer flies can’t sting, but insect eaters see the stripes and leave the flies alne.
Flwer flies spend mst f their time lking fr fd. Like bees, flwer flies eat pllen(花粉) and nectar(花蜜). This makes them easy t find in a garden full f flwers. They are helpful garden insects just like bees. Adult flwer flies mve pllen frm ne flwer t anther, which helps sme flwers grw int fruit.
Flwer flies can stay in ne place while flying. Mst insects mve frward when they fly. But flwer flies can twist their wings, much like hummingbirds d. Twisting keeps them in ne place, s they can remain ver flwers, leaves, r even yu!
40. What might the writer f the passage agree with?
A. Peple usually prefer bees t flwer flies.
B. Peple smetimes mistake flwer flies fr bees.
C. Peple shuld stp birds eating bees and flwer flies.
D. Peple shuld have beautiful gardens in their neighburhd.
【答案】40. B
【解析】推理判断题。根据“Is it a bee? It lands n a flwer, and yu take a clser lk.”及“Many flwer flies lk like bees.”可知，花蝇的外观和生活习性与蜜蜂有些相似，所以人们有时会把花蝇误认为蜜蜂。故选B。
C
A team f Chinese scientists and climbers reached the tp f Qmlangma at abut 12:30 p.m. n Tuesday, May 23. It’s the secnd time since last year fr the science expeditin (考察) team t reach the tp.
The team was made up f 13 Chinese scientists and climbers. They set ff at a height f 8,300 metres fr the tp at abut 3 a.m. After mre than 8 hurs f hard climbing, they arrived at the 8,830-metre weather statin.
After fixing steel rpes, changing batteries and putting in wind speed and directin sensrs (传感器), they finished imprving the wrld’s highest autmated(自动化的) weather statin, which was setup by Chinese scientists last year. Besides, they cllected ice-snw samples n the tp fr further research.
The weather statin recrds temperatures, wind speeds and ther key data fr studying climate change. Climate scientists have fund that glbal warming has had a large influence n the glacier number n the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (青藏高原).
Over the last fifty years, the temperature n the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has risen abut 0.5℃ every ten years. Studying the ecsystem(生态系统) f the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau will help scientists have a better understanding f the influence f climate change, and help scientists and the gvernment make prper decisins.
Since the mid-20th century, China has sent different research expeditin teams t Qmlangma. But because f limited resurces and technlgies, many key scientific questins are still unanswered, such as whether glbal warming can melt the ice at the tp f Qmlangma, and hw ecsystem can change as height increases t extremity.
29. What des Paragraph 5 mainly talk abut?
A. The way f scientists studying climate change.
B. The effrt f gvernment t slve climate change.
C. The influence f climate change n the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
D. The imprtance f studying ecsystem f the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
30. What can we knw frm the passage?
A. The team set f fat a height f 8,830 metres fr the tp at abut 3 a.m.
B. The team cllected rck samples n the tp fr further research.
C. China has setup the wrld's highest autmated weather statin s far.
D. All the key scientific questins have been answered up t nw.
【答案】29. D30. C
【解析】
【29题详解】
段落大意题。根据“Over the last fifty years, the temperature n the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has risen abut 0.5℃ every ten years. Studying the ecsystem(生态系统) f the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau will help scientists have a better understanding f the influence f climate change, and help scientists and the gvernment make prper decisins.”可知，本段主要是介绍研究青藏高原的生态系统的重要性，故选D。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据“After fixing steel rpes, changing batteries and putting in wind speed and directin sensrs (传感器), they finished imprving the wrld’s highest autmated(自动化的) weather statin, which was setup by Chinese scientists last year.”可知，到目前为止，中国已经建立了世界上最高的自动化气象站。故选C。
D
The scientific methd is used fr simple experiments that students may d in the classrm r very difficult experiments that scientists are ding all ver the wrld. It is a way f thinking that helps yu t avid drawing incrrect cnclusins.
There are usually fur steps in the scientific methd, including bservatin (观察), hypthesis (假设), experiment, and cnclusin. The steps may nt always be cmpleted in the same rder, but the first step is usually bservatin and asking a questin abut yur bservatin. Fr example, yu had a sick stmach, and ate a candy bar. An hur later, yu bserved that yu felt much better. Here, yu can ask a questin, such as, “What makes a sick stmach feel better?”
The secnd step is t state a pssible answer t the questin, r a hypthesis, such as “” A gd hypthesis includes three things: The explanatin fr the bservatins, it is able t be tested, and it will usually predict new utcmes r cnclusins.
The third step is the experiment, t test the hypthesis. An experiment is a test which will either challenge r supprt the hypthesis. The hypthesis will then be true r false.
The final step is t think abut what happened when yu tested the hypthesis and draw a cnclusin. The cnclusin will either clearly supprt the hypthesis r it will nt. If the results supprt the hypthesis, a cnclusin can be written and yu can share it with the rest f the wrld. If it des nt supprt the hypthesis, yu may chse t change the hypthesis r write a new ne based n what was learned during the experiment.
42. Which sentence best expresses the main idea f the passage?
A. Hw d the fur basic steps in the scientific methd wrk?
B. What makes a gd hypthesis based n the bservatin?
C. The cnclusin will always clearly supprt the hypthesis.
D. Learning the scientific methd may help students succeed in science.
【答案】42. A
【解析】主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了基本科学方法包括四个步骤：观察、假设、实验和结论。选项A“科学方法的四个基本步骤是如何工作的？”最能表达出文章主旨。故选A。
【基础练习】
A
D yu knw that it is yur immune system (免疫系统) wrking against the virus (病毒) that makes yu uncmfrtable when getting a cld, but nt the virus itself? S when yu have gt a strng immune system—and the virus is strng enugh t—yu will pssibly get terrible cld symptms (症状) such as having a headache, having a high fever, sneezing r cughing.
Vitamin C wn’t stp a cld. It is said that Vitamin C wrks by increasing white bld cells (细胞). Hwever, many tests have shwn that it des nt prevent clds. At best, it nly reduces the time f symptms.
Staying indrs wn’t prtect yu. One f the mst likely surces (根源) f cld viruses is yur cmputer muse r desk. A study f the cld virus in ffices fund that 46 percent f cmputer mice and 45 percent f telephnes had cld viruses n them.
Wearing warm clthes wn’t prtect yu. Clds are mre cmmn in autumn and winter. That’s because the cl, wet and cld weather drives peple indrs, where viruses may mre easily jump frm ne persn t the next. And the distinct peak (高峰期) in clds is in September and February, which is likely because f the return f students t schls and clleges after the summer and winter hlidays.
Old wives are right abut chicken sup. Grandmthers’ chicken sup is an ld cure fr clds fr a lng time. Scientists say it is true. Chicken sup des help cure a cld, s many wives usually ck chicken sup fr their family members in cld winters.
26. Accrding t the passage, when yur immune system is wrking against the virus, yu dn’t have cld symptms like ________.
A. headacheB. stmachacheC. sneezeD. cugh
27. Which f the fllwing ways can really help cure clds?
A. Staying indrs.B. Wearing mre clthes.
C. Drinking sme chicken sup.D. Eating sme fruit with Vitamin C.
28. Why are clds mre cmmn in autumn and winter?
A. Because students return t schl.B. Because the weather is cl, wet and cld.
C. Because peple dn’t drink chicken sup.D. Because peple use cmputers r telephnes mre ften.
【答案】26. B 27. C 28. B
【解析】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人类的免疫系统是感冒来临不舒服的主要因素，同时介绍了3种不能预防感冒的方式和喝鸡汤是治疗感冒的方式。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据“S when yu have gt a strng immune system—and the virus is strng enugh t—yu will pssibly get terrible cld symptms such as having a headache, having a high fever, sneezing r cughing”可知，当你有一个强大的免疫系统时——病毒也足够强大——你可能会出现严重的感冒症状，如头痛、发高烧、打喷嚏或咳嗽，没有胃痛。故选B。
【27题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Chicken sup des help cure a cld”可知，鸡汤确实有助于治疗感冒。故选C。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据“That’s because the cl, wet and cld weather drives peple indrs, where viruses may mre easily jump frm ne persn t the next”可知，秋天和冬天容易感冒是因为凉爽、潮湿和寒冷的天气驱使人们待在室内，在那里病毒更容易从一个人传播到另一个人。故选B。
C
One day last mnth, Antny Aumann, a cllege prfessr in the United States, was grading papers fr his curse. While he was reading the “best paper in the class, “a red ‘warning’ flag suddenly went up. Later, Aumann asked the student whether he had written the essay himself. The student shk his head. He admitted (承认) using ChatGPT, a chatbt that is able t answer questins as well as write emails, pems and articles.
Since artificial intelligence (人工智能) lab OpenAI released ChatGPT last Nvember, the chatbt has enjyed huge welcme. Students are using it t d their hmewrk fr them. All ver the wrld, prfessrs like Aumann are redesigning their curses in respnse t this. Sme have decided t include mre ral exams and handwritten papers. Gne are tasks like “write five pages abut this r that.” Prfessrs are instead designing questins that they hpe will be t clever fr chatbts. Sme are asking students t write abut their wn lives.
Many schls, hwever, are unwilling t ban(禁止) the use f ChatGPT altgether. They are, instead, treating it the way they treat calculatrs. In the first place, they dn’t believe a ban wuld be useful. Students will find ways t use ChatGPT if they want t. Mrever, chatbts are unlikely t be the last technlgical develpment. Rather than stay away frm them, students and teacher alike shuld learn t make prper use f them. The University at Buffal in New Yrk, fr example, has intrduced a discussin f AI tls in its curses. The schl is using it t teach students abut being hnest. It is als helping them t understand bth the strengths and the weaknesses f chatbts.
Sme students have started learning hw t wrk alngside AI tls. Lizzie Shackney is a student at the University f Pennsylvania. She uses ChatGPT t quickly prduce a large number f pssibly useful ideas fr her papers. She then thinks ver these ideas and decides what t include in her papers and what nt t include. The student always writes her papers herself. “With AI tls, I wn’t have t spin my wheels,”she said. “But I am als nt ging t depend n them t d everything fr me.”
38. While the prfessr was reading an article, a red “warning” flag went up ________.
A. t shw the paper was well writtenB. t pint ut the main idea f the article
C. t shw it may be written by ChatGPTD. t shw the cmputer may catch virus
39. T prevent students using chatbt t help with hmewrk, sme prfessrs ________.
A. design tasks like “write five pages abut this r that”
B. nly ask their students t hand in handwritten papers
C. design questins t clever fr students t answer
D. design questins that chatbt can’t reply t easily
40. The main idea f Paragraph 3 is that ________.
A. it is necessary t keep students away frm ChatGPT
B. it is imprtant t help students use Chat GPT prperly
C. it is wise t ban the use f Chat GPT at universities
D. it is necessary fr universities t ban AI tls in class
41. The underlined “spin my wheels” in the last paragraph is similar t ________.
A. waste my time r effrtB. waste my talent r yuth
C. waste my pwer r spaceD. waste my mney r energy
【答案】38. C 39. D 40. B 41. A
【解析】本文通过一个老师批改学生试卷的例子来引出ChatGPT在学生作业中的使用情况。
【38题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Later, Aumann asked the student whether he had written the essay himself. The student shk his head. He admitted (承认) using ChatGPT”可知“警示”小旗子跳出来是因为学生不是自己写的文章，是使用了ChatGPT。故选C。
【39题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Prfessrs are instead designing questins that they hpe will be t clever fr chatbts. Sme are asking students t write abut their wn lives.”可知为了防止学生使用ChatGPT，老师们布置一些ChatGPT不能回答的问题。故选D。
【40题详解】
段落大意题根据“Rather than stay away frm them, students and teacher alike shuld learn t make prper use f them.”可知本段主要讲学生和教师应理性对待ChatGPT，不远离它，同时也要合理利用它。故选B。
【41题详解】
词义猜测题。根据“She then thinks ver these ideas and decides what t include in her papers and what nt t include. The student always writes her papers herself. With AI tls, I wn’t have t spin my wheels”可知有了人工智能工具，就不用在费时间和精力去决定什么留下什么放弃，故“spin my wheels”指“waste my time r effrt”。故选A。
C
Is it shi(是) r si(斯) in the sentence “Thus when Heaven is abut t cnfer a great ffice n any man(故天将降大任于是/斯人也)…”? Nt lng ag, peple had a heated discussin nline abut this. Mst peple “clearly remember” that it’s si, while their childhd textbks say it’s shi.
It shws hw unreliable(不可靠的) ur memry can be. Accrding t US psychlgist Faith Brynie, memries can be influenced by imaginatin, belief and time. Many studies have prven that “feeling certain” abut a memry smetimes has nthing t d with the facts.
Attitudes and beliefs change ur memry.
Scientists at Crnell University, US, tld cllege students a stry abut a man wh walked ut withut paying a restaurant bill. The first grup was tld that the man “liked t steal”. The secnd grup was tld that he left because he gt an emergency(紧急的) phne call.
One week later the first grup remembered a higher bill—10 t 25 percent mre than the bill actually was. The secnd grup remembered a lwer bill. The study shwed that hw we expect r believe things t happen can distrt(扭曲) ur memries.
Remembering things that never happened
In anther experiment(实验), peple watched a film and were asked: “Hw fast was the white car ging when it passed the barn(谷仓) while traveling alng the cuntry rad?”Actually there was n barn in the film. But abut 20 percent f the students said they had seen the barn. Nrthwestern University scientist Kenneth Paller said that parts f the brain fr really seeing an bject and imagining an bject verlap(重叠). S imaginatin after getting a hint(暗示) culd leave a memry trace(痕迹) in the brain.
Si r shi
In the case f si r shi, sme peple said that si sunds mre like ancient Chinese. That’s why mst peple relate it t the ancient classic. On the Internet, the versin(版本) f si is als mre widespread than shi, giving peple a wrng hint.
38. In the first experiment, the first grup remembered a higher bill because ________.
A. the students frgt the bill cmpletely
B. the students thught the man was rich enugh
C. the scientists made the students believe the man was bad
D. the scientists tld the students that the man shuld pay mre
39. What des the underlined wrd “hint” in the secnd experiment refer t?
A. The sights in the film.B. Kenneth Paller’s wrds.
C. The wrd “barn” in the questin.D. A real barn in students’ memries.
40. What can we learn frm the case f si r shi?
A. Feelings can decide peple’s memries.B. The versin f shi is mre widespread.
C. Peple’s memries are always unreliable.D. There was n sund f shi in ancient Chinese.
41. Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the passage?
A. Are yu really sure?B. Have yu frgtten yet?
C. What shuld be remembered?D. Hw is the memry imprved?
【答案】38. C 39. C 40. A 41. A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要通过网络热议话题“是还是斯”说明我们的记忆会受到想象、信念和时间的影响，并通过两个实验说明这一观点。
【38题详解】
细节理解题。根据“The first grup was tld that the man ‘liked t steal’.”可知第一小组的学生被告知这个人“喜欢偷窃”，故选C。
【39题详解】
词义猜测题。根据“Nrthwestern University scientist Kenneth Paller said that parts f the brain fr really seeing an bject and imagining an bject verlap(重叠）.”可知大脑中真正看到的物体和想象的物体是重叠的，即电影里没有出现谷仓，但当听到问题里有谷仓时，就会觉得电影里是出现过谷仓的，故选C。
【40题详解】
推理判断题。根据“In the case f si r shi, sme peple said that si sunds mre like ancient Chinese. That’s why mst peple relate it t the ancient classic.”可知人们觉得“斯”听起来更像古代汉语，那也是为什么大多数人把它和古代经典联系在一起，可知人们的情感决定了人们的记忆，故选A。
【41题详解】
最佳标题题。本文通过网络热议话题“是还是斯”说明我们的记忆会受到想象的影响，并通过两个实验说明这一观点。A项“你真的确定吗？”，B项“你已经忘记了吗？”，C项“你应该记住什么？”，D项“如何改善记忆？”故选A。
C
ChatGPT, an intelligent AI chatbt(聊天机器人) tl, has been very ppular all ver the wrld in the past few mnths. Accrding t a US survey f mre than 1,000 students, ver 89 percent f them have used ChatGPT t help with their hmewrk.
Develped by US cmpany OpenAI, ChatGPT is a pwerful tl. Yu can ask it t write stries and emails, create recipes, translate languages, and answer all kinds f questins.
Sme schls in the US, Australia and France have banned(禁止) the use f ChatGPT. In the US, fr example, New Yrk City public schls banned students and teachers frm using ChatGPT.
The mve cmes ut f wrries that the tl culd make it easier fr students t cheat(作弊) n hmewrk. Sme als wrry that ChatGPT culd be used t spread incrrect infrmatin.
Apart frm bans, teachers are making changes t their classes t stp the use f ChatGPT.
Sme cllege teachers in the US try t include mre speaking exams and handwritten papers instead f typed nes.
Hwever, nt all schls say “n” t ChatGPT. Sme Canadian universities are drafting plicies n its use, fr bth students and teachers.They have n plans t cmpletely ban the tl s far.
Bhaskar Vira, pr-vice-chancellr(副校长) fr educatin at the University Cambridge in the UK, said that bans n Al sftware like ChatGPT are wise. “We have t knw that AI is a tl peple will use,” he tld the schl newspaper the university. What we need t d is “change ur learning, teaching and examinatin. That way, we can “have integrity(诚信) while recgnizing(认可) the use f the tl”.
38. ChatGPT is a ________ AI chatbt tl.
A. smallB. smartC. easyD. necessary
39. What can ChatGPT d?
①Write stries and emails ②Translate languages.
③Make films. ④Answer all kinds f questins.
A. ①②③B. ③④C. ①②④D. ①③④
40. Which f the fllwing sentences is TRUE?
A. ChatGPT can’t help with a student’s hmewrk.
B. New Yrk City public schls allw students and teachers t use ChatGPT.
C. All schls say “n” t ChatGPT.
D. Sme teachers are making changes t their classes t stp the use f ChatGPT.
41. What’s the best title f this passage?
A. ChatGPT: A useful tl fr pepleB. ChatGPT: A useless tl fr peple
C. ChatGPT: Gd r Bad?D. What is ChatGPT?
【答案】38. B 39. C 40. D 41. C
【解析】本文主要介绍了一款智能聊天机器人，并且介绍了不同人们对它的不同态度。
【38题详解】
细节理解题。根据“ChatGPT, an intelligent AI chatbt (聊天机器人) tl”可知，ChatGPT是一款智能聊天机器人，“intelligent”的意思为聪明的，选项B与它的意思相同，符合题意。故选B。
【39题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Yu can ask it t write stries and emails, create recipes, translate languages, and answer all kinds f questins.”可知，聊天机器人可以帮我们写故事和电子邮件，翻译语言和回答所有类型的问题，C选项符合题意。故选C。
【40题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Apart frm bans, teachers are making changes t their classes t stp the use f ChatGPT.”可知，老师们在他们的课堂上正做出改变，以停止使用ChatGPT，D选项符合题意。故选D。
【41题详解】
最佳标题题。通过全文可知，主要介绍了一款智能聊天机器人以及人们对它的不同的态度，其中有的人持支持态度，有的人持反对态度，D选项“ChatGPT: Gd r Bad?”（ChatGPT：是好还是坏？），符合题意。故选C。
Sending astrnauts t Mars is a big challenge. Astrnauts will have t take everything they need, including fd, air and water. The rm inside the spaceship is t limited t hld many things. S packing a spaceship is a huge challenge fr a trip t Mars.
Six astrnauts n an eight-mnth trip t Mars will need at least 18,000 kilgrams f water fr drinking and washing. They’ll als need water t prtect themselves frm space rays which can pass right thrugh spaceship walls and harm astrnauts’ living cells. But a layer f water placed arund the ship can stp the harm.
That’s a lt f water. And sending water int space is t expensive. It csts $33,000 t send ne cup f water t Mars. The mre yu take, the mre it csts. We have the technlgy t get t Mars, but the prblem is that it’s t expensive.
But Flynn an engineer at NASA, thinks he has a way f slving the prblem. Instead f building a heavy spaceship and packing it full f stuff (物料), why nt use the stuff as part f the spaceship?
Imagine a spaceship that blws up like a balln. Inside the walls have pckets like a big hneycmb (蜂巢). These hld lts f plastic bags filled with water, dried fd and algae (水藻). All these make hard walls and great radiatin (辐射) prtectin. And stpping radiatin desn’t influence the fd r water itself—it’s safe t eat and drink. And what if the same water culd be reused again and again? Flynn and his team call their packed-pcket idea Water Walls.
Making xygen and taking away CO2—the waste gas yu breathe ut—is anther prblem in space. “Water Walls will take away CO2 the same way it’s dne here n ur Earth—with living plants,” Flynn says. Living plants take in CO2 t make their fd, and give ff xygen. “Plants are hard t grw in a spacecraft, s we use algae,” he says.
Algae are tiny plants that live in water. The algae will live in bags in the walls t, fed by human waste and sunlight, eating up CO2 and making xygen fr the astrnauts t breathe.
Flynn thinks his nbard recycling system has many advantages. He hpes it will help make flying t Mars a reality very sn.
26. What des the underlined phrase “packing a spaceship” in paragraph 1 mst prbably mean?
A. repairing things in a spaceshipB. recycling things in a spaceship
C. checking things in a spaceshipD. putting things int a spaceship
27. What is the advantage f Flynn’s system?
A. Cst is saved.B. Travelling time is saved.
C. Plastic bags are saved.D. Fd is saved.
28. What is ne purpse f Flynn’s idea f Water Walls?
A. T prevent space rays during the space trip.B. T make the whle spaceship strnger.
C. T cntrl the temperature in the spaceship.D. T prduce water in the spaceship.
29. Why are algae put in the plastic bags?
A. T prevent water frm being plluted.B. T serve as fd fr astrnauts.
C. T prvide xygen fr astrnauts.D. T help ther plants grw in a spaceship.
【答案】26. D 27. A 28. A 29. C
【解析】本文主要介绍了美国国家航空航天局的工程师弗林为了解决宇航员在太空中生活而存在的一些问题，提出了把生活用品作为宇宙飞船的一部分。
【26题详解】
词义猜测题。根据“The rm inside the spaceship is t limited t hld many things. S packing a spaceship is a huge challenge fr a trip t Mars.”可知，宇宙飞船里的空间太有限了，放不下很多东西，因此，把东西放进宇宙飞船对火星之旅来说是一个巨大的挑战。故此处划线部分packing a spaceship意为“把东西放进宇宙飞船里”。故选D。
【27题详解】
细节理解题。根据“but the prblem is that it’s t expensive”以及“But Flynn, an engineer at NASA, thinks he has a way f slving the prblem.”可知，他的系统的好处是没有那么贵，即节省了费用。故选A。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据“All these make hard walls and great radiatin (辐射) prtectin.”可知，水墙概念的目的之一就是阻止巨大的辐射。故选A。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据“The algae will live in bags in the walls t, fed by human waste and sunlight, eating up CO2 and making xygen fr the astrnauts t breathe.”可知，藻类吸收二氧化碳，并为宇航员呼吸制造氧气。故选C。
Beliefs f Fixed and Grwth Mindsets
Fixed Mindset
Grwth Mindset
Things yu’re brn with that cannt change
Things yu can grw and imprve with hard wrk
Smething t avid—culd shw lack f skill
Smething imprtant—leads t success
Things t avid—in case yu aren’t gd enugh
Things that help yu learn