中考英语复习短文填空解题技巧点拨 课件

这是一份中考英语复习短文填空解题技巧点拨 课件，共56页。PPT课件主要包含了解题步骤等内容，欢迎下载使用。
短文填空满分15分，共有10个小题。该题既考查考生的语言基础知识，又考查他们的观察能力以及对语言的综合运用能力。2023年以前短文填空是广东中考英语试卷最难的题型之一，要求考生根据上下文填写单词，2023年试题难度大幅下降，题目给出12个备选词，要求考生从其中选择10个适当的词并用其正确形式填空。近4年具体考点分布如下：
中考短文填空评分标准：1．考生所填答案选自题目方框内所给的词，且与所给的答案一致，给满分；2．所填答案形式有错(如时态、三单及单复数等错误)，每个扣0.5分；大小写错误扣0.5分。
二、单词的变形技巧1．名词单复数的变化
Tips: ①空格前是the不能直接判断名词单复数；②空格前是sme/any/a lt f/lts f/n等，不能直接判断是复数名词还是不可数名词。
The Dutch gvernment says that students cannt use smartphnes, iPads, r smartwatches in classrms.This 1. 　rule 　 ⁠ wuld start frm 1 January, 2024.The rule helps students pay mre 2. 　attentin 　 ⁠ t their studies.But they can still use these devices(设备) if they really need t.The gvernment says that they are nt gd fr 3. 　students 　 ⁠.
attentin 　
students 　
2．动词形式的变化动词需结合结构、搭配、语法规则、上下文语境等来判断其人称、时态和数的变化。
On Sunday, peple in the neighbrhd came tgether.They were 1. 　celebrating 　 ⁠ the 100th birthday f Dr.Rbert Mre.Alisn 2. 　is 　 ⁠ Rbert's daughter.Days ag, she 3. 　left 　 ⁠ a message n the Internet.She invited peple t 4. 　cme 　 ⁠ t her huse with their dgs.She wanted peple and dgs t help celebrate her dad's birthday.She thught 20 dgs wuld be OK.But in the end, mre than 200 dgs were 5. 　taken 　 ⁠ t her huse by their wners.
celebrating 　
3．形容词、副词的变形形容词、副词的变形主要是比较等级的变化。常考点如下：
There is a river in ur city.It is ne f the 1. 　lngest 　 ⁠ rivers in ur cuntry.Several years ag, sme factries plluted it.Nw the river is nt s 2. 　clear 　 ⁠ as befre.It is 3. 　dirtier 　 ⁠ than many rivers in the cuntry.We shuld save it.
4．代词的变形代词的变形主要有：人称代词主格变宾格、形容词性物主代词、名词性物主代词和反身代词等。
用he的适当形式填空。Jim was a pr by.When he was twelve years ld, 1. 　his 　 ⁠ parents died.2. 　He 　 ⁠ was alne and didn't get n well with thers.Peple always laughed at 3. 　him 　 ⁠.His nly friend was a dg named Bbby.Luckily, Mr.Green helped him.
5．词性的转化题型改革后，词性之间的转化是短文填空的难点。2023年广东中考涉及了动词转化为名词(invent→inventin)。依据全国各地对此题型的考查，编者将词性之间的转化分为以下几类：A.动词变名词2023年广东中考(invent→inventin)，2023年陕西中考(develp→develpment)考查了此类词性变化。
Last year, I didn't like my English class. And I was afraid t read alud because f my pr 1. 　prnunciatin 　 ⁠. Then ne day I watched an English mvie called Ty Stry. The characters' bdy language and 2. 　expressins 　 ⁠ n their faces culd help me get the meaning, thugh I culd nt understand everything they said. I fell in lve with the mvie and English learning. I want t learn mre new wrds s that I can have a better 3. 　understanding 　 ⁠ f English mvies.
prnunciatin 　
expressins 　
understanding 　
B.形容词变名词2023年四川成都中考(pssible→pssibility，silent→silence，difficult→difficulty)，2023年辽宁锦州中考(kind→kindness)考查了此类词性变化。
Cnfucius was a great thinker wh had many wise ideas. His main ideas are abut 1. 　kindness 　 ⁠ and gd manners. There is a famus saying frm him, “He wh learns but des nt think is lst; he wh thinks but des nt learn is in 2. 　danger 　 ⁠.” It tells us the 3. 　imprtance 　 ⁠ f learning and thinking.
kindness 　
imprtance 　
C.名词变形容词2023年辽宁阜新中考(wnder→wnderful)，2023年辽宁锦州中考(traditin→traditinal)考查了此类词性变化。
Grandma Li hpes t tell mre yung peple abut hanfu. She thinks hanfu is an imprtant part f 1. 　traditinal 　 ⁠ Chinese culture. And she wants the whle wrld t knw it. Thanks t Grandma Li, mre and mre yung peple becme 2. 　interested 　 ⁠ in hanfu nw.
traditinal 　
interested 　
D.形容词变副词2023年河南中考(shrt→shrtly)，2023年陕西中考(easy→easily，different→differently)，2023年辽宁营口中考(heavy→heavily)考查了此类词性变化。
What can we d t prtect urselves in earthquakes? First, we need t check ur furniture and make sure it wn't fall dwn 1. 　easily 　 ⁠. Secnd, when an earthquake happens 2. 　suddenly 　 ⁠， we need t stay under tables t prtect ur heads. Third, we can keep ur drs pen and wear cmfrtable shes in rder t get ut 3. 　safely 　 ⁠.
suddenly 　
E.动词变形容词2023年四川广安中考(excite→excited)，2023年湖北随州中考(harm→harmful)，2023年河南中考(help→helpful)，2023年陕西中考(value→valuable)考查了此类词性变化。
Ted was ill last week. He had t stay at hme fr a week. He felt very 1. 　bred 　 ⁠， and he als wrried abut his lessns. Yesterday afternn, Cindy came t see him. Ted was very 2. 　excited 　 ⁠ t see her. Cindy brught him sme 3. 　interesting 　 ⁠ bks t read. She said she wuld help him with his lessns.
interesting 　
三、解题方法示例下面以2023年广东省中考真题为例，说明解题技巧的运用。
There is a small thing we use every day.We usually put 66.  　it　 ⁠ in the bathrm.Withut it, we might have tth prblems.Can yu guess 67.  　what　 ⁠ it is? Yes, it's the tthbrush.But d yu knw anything abut its histry?
66.it　【语法判断法】空处缺少put的宾语，指代“a small thing”，故填it。
67.what　【语法判断法】本句中有两个谓语，故应填连接词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句且作从句的宾语，结合“Yes， it's the tthbrush.”，应填what。
Accrding t sme research, befre tthbrushes appeared, the ancient Chinese peple 68.  　cleaned　 ⁠ their teeth with sme small tree branches(树枝).Abut 800 years ag, peple made a kind f brushes with pig hair and bamb.It might 69.  　be　 ⁠ the wrld's earliest frm f tthbrushes.
68.cleaned　【语法判断法】本句缺少谓语，空格处应填及物动词，clean ne's teeth清洁牙齿。根据“befre tthbrushes appeared”可知本句用一般过去时，故填cleaned。
69.be　【语法判断法】本句是主系表结构，情态动词might后用动词原形。故填be。
As time went 70.  　by　 ⁠， the frms f tthbrushes changed.Fr example, peple chse hrse­tail hair instead f pig hair 71.  　because　 ⁠ pig hair was t hard.Imagine that yu travel back t 72.  　hundreds　 ⁠ f years ag and brush yur teeth cmfrtably.It sunds fantastic, desn't it?
70.by　【固定搭配法】固定搭配as time went by随着时间的流逝，故填by。
71.because　【语法判断法】空格前后都是简单句，结合句意和备选词可知，前果后因，故填because。
72.hundreds　【固定搭配法】固定搭配hundreds f数百的，符合句意，故填hundreds。
Arund the 15th century, the Chinese tthbrush fund its way int Eurpe.It became 73.  　ppular　 ⁠ amng lcal peple sn.The 74.  　inventin　 ⁠ f tthbrushes was nt as famus as that f paper­making, but it was very useful in daily life.Tday we have a gd 75.  　habit　 ⁠ f brushing teeth.We shuld thank the ancient Chinese fr it.
73.ppular　【语法判断法】本句缺少表语，空格处应填形容词，结合句意和备选词，故填ppular。
74.inventin　【固定搭配法】和【语法判断法】分析句子结构，此处是名词的f所有格，结合句意和备选词，the inventin f……的发明，故填inventin。
75.habit　【固定搭配法】固定搭配have a gd habit f有……的好习惯，故填habit。
短文大意：本文介绍了牙刷的历史和功能。
分析方框内单词的词性及可能的词性变化
训练一话题：拍摄老战士的追星摄影师 词数：214 建议用时：10 min 正确率：  ⁠/10
⁠ ⁠Han Jialng is a yung phtgrapher.He has 1. 　taken 　 ⁠ phts f mre than 170 veterans(退伍军人) since three years ag.Althugh mst f the heres are in their nineties, they straightened their bdies as much as they culd in frnt f Han's camera with energy in 2. 　their 　 ⁠ eyes.
1．taken　take phts f给……拍照，且根据时间状语“since three years ag”可知用现在完成时，空格前有has，故空格处填过去分词taken。
2．their　句子主语是they，所以eyes前用其形容词性物主代词their。
Han's grandfather was a veteran.He died 3. 　when 　 ⁠ Han was in primary schl.But the stries his grandfather had talked abut the war stayed with him.S in 2020, after graduating frm university, Han 4. 　decided 　 ⁠ t phtgraph veterans.“They are ver 90 years ld and are passing away.If we dn't act, their stries will 5. 　disappear 　 ⁠ with them，” he said.
5．disappear　句意：如果我们不行动，这些故事会随着他们消失。故选disappear。
disappear 　
After sharing the phts nline, Han received many invitatins frm 6. 　bth 　 ⁠ the veterans and their families.In February 2023, he accepted a 7. 　special 　 ⁠ invitatin t phtgraph a veteran named Yu Shali, wh was in hspital in Panzhihua, Sichuan Prvince.After finishing phtgraphing, Han did nt leave, as he fund there were ver 100 living veterans f that war in Panzhihua.He visited them and recrded the stries f each veteran ne 8. 　by 　 ⁠ ne.
6．bth　……和……都。
T Han's 9. 　surprise 　 ⁠， the phts f these veterans became ppular amng yung peple.Many high schl 10. 　students 　 ⁠ said they'd like t vlunteer and jin Han when they enter cllege.
9．surprise　t ne's surprise出乎某人的意料。
10．students　此处指高中学生，空格前有many，所以填students。
短文大意：本文主要介绍了拍摄老战士的追星摄影师。
surprise 　
训练二话题：视障播音硕士董丽娜 词数：206 建议用时：10 min 正确率：  ⁠/10
⁠ ⁠Dng Lina is the first blind persn in China t get a master's degree in radi and televisin bradcasting(广播).On June 28, 2023, she 1. 　made 　 ⁠ a speech at the schl­leavers' party, which mved lts f peple.“We shuld have 2. 　dreams 　 ⁠ n matter where we are, and keep ding what we lve, and always remain calm，” the 39­year­ld said.
2．dreams　本句缺宾语，结合备选词和语境，dream符合句意，意为“无论我们在哪里，我们都应该有梦想”，其前没有限定词，用复数。
Dng became 3. 　blind 　 ⁠ at the age f 10.As we knw, many f the blind in China chse t get a jb at the massage(按摩) center.In 2003, Dng left schl and did s.4. 　Hwever 　 ⁠， she went n t study English after wrk every day.
3．blind　根据下文中“many f the blind”可知应填blind。
Dng 5. 　became 　 ⁠ a full­time graduate student at the Cmmunicatin University f China in 2020.During the three years, Dng read 6. 　thusands 　 ⁠ f pages in Chinese and English by using the screen reading sftware(软件).She listened t bks with ten millin wrds t cmplete 7. 　her 　 ⁠ 60，000­wrd paper.
6．thusands　thusands f成千上万的。
thusands 　
Dng's hard wrk paid 8. 　ff 　 ⁠.Althugh lts f peple advised her t 9. 　wrk 　 ⁠ at a massage center, she graduated with a degree in bradcasting.Nw, with the master's degree, Dng hpes t becme a teacher, t share 10. 　what 　 ⁠ she has learned with thers, and t encurage blind children.
8．ff　pay ff取得成功。
10．what　share后面是宾语从句，从句中learned缺少宾语，故用what引导。
短文大意：本文主要介绍了视障播音硕士董丽娜。
训练三话题：让更多孩子读上书 词数：203 建议用时：10 min 正确率：  ⁠/10
(2023恩施州改编)Bks have great pwer.Between 1. 　their 　 ⁠ pages, readers can travel t any place and becme anyne r anything.2. 　Unluckily 　 ⁠， many children all ver the wrld dn't have any bks t read.
2．Unluckily　分析句子结构可知，此处需要填一个副词修饰整个句子，且结合语境可知，此处表示，不幸的是，故填Unluckily。
Unluckily 　
Maria Keller, an American girl, wanted t change that fact.When Maria was yung, she lved 3. 　reading 　 ⁠.When she was eight, she nticed that sme f her classmates didn't read as 4. 　much 　 ⁠ as she did.
3．reading　lve ding sth.喜欢做某事。
She asked her mther why that culd be.Her mther said that they were nt able t affrd 5. 　bks 　 ⁠ .After hearing her 6. 　mther's 　 ⁠ wrds, she decided t create an rganizatin t help thse children.
5．bks　动词affrd后面缺少宾语，且结合语境可知选bk，空格前没有限定词，故填bks。
6．mther's　结合语境可知，此处指她妈妈的话，故填mther's。
With her mther's help, Maria created a nn­prfit(非营利的) rganizatin that cllects 7. 　and 　 ⁠ gives bks t children in need.When the rganizatin was started, Maria set the first gal — t cllect and give ne 8. 　millin 　 ⁠ bks.At the age f 18, she achieved this gal.
Maria says, “I cannt live 9. 　withut 　 ⁠ bks.S I just can't give up helping the kids wh have n bks.” She has 10. 　recently 　 ⁠ set a new gal — t cllect and give bks t mre kids in need in every state f the USA, and even ther cuntries in the wrld.
9．withut　此处指没有书活不了，故用介词withut。
短文大意：本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了美国女孩玛利亚成立了一个组织，用来帮助世界上没有书籍阅读的孩子。
recently 　
训练四话题：保护地球环境的英雄 词数：201 建议用时：10 min 正确率：  ⁠/10
(2023徐州改编)Befre 1970, few laws were made t prtect the envirnment.Then n April 22 that year, the Wrld Earth Day was 1. 　created 　 ⁠ t celebrate ur planet.It aims t tell peple abut envirnmental prblems, and 2. 　encurage 　 ⁠ them t take actin.
encurage 　
1．created　分析句子成分，主语为“the Wrld Earth Day”，空后为动词不定式“t celebrate ur planet(为了庆祝我们的星球)”，结合备选词，应是创建(create)，为了庆祝我们的星球，世界地球日被创建。
2．encurage　根据and前的tell可知此处缺少一个动词，且结合语境可知填encurage。
Nw Earth Day is celebrated all arund the wrld.We still face many challenges, such 3. 　as 　 ⁠ climate change and plastic pllutin.But we can make a 4. 　difference 　 ⁠.Here is an Earth­helping her.
4．difference　make a difference有影响。
difference 　
Adeline was twelve 5. 　when 　 ⁠ her hme was hit by the fld.Indnesia, her island natin in Sutheast Asia, is ften hit 6. 　hard 　 ⁠ by flds.
6．hard　句子不缺少成分，考虑填入副词，结合备选词，用hard修饰hit符合句意，表示被洪水猛烈袭击。
Adeline wanted t help.Studying the prblem, she learned that mangrve(红树林) trees play an 7. 　imprtant 　 ⁠ rle in fld prtectin.But the trees were being cut dwn.
7．imprtant　play an imprtant rle发挥重要作用。
imprtant 　
Adeline and 8. 　her 　 ⁠ classmates planted 200 mangrve yung trees during a schl break.They started a grup called Friends f Nature, which wrks t fight against climate change, and help peple realize the imprtance f the envirnment.They even started a prject t get clean energy fr sme pr 9. 　villages 　 ⁠.
villages 　
Tday, Adeline attends cllege, studying 10. 　hw 　 ⁠ businesses can help the envirnment.Remember: every ne f us can be a her fr the envirnment!
10．hw　study后面是宾语从句，从句结构完整不缺少成分，故选hw。
短文大意：本文是介绍了Adeline为保护地球环境所付出的行动和努力。
训练五话题：只有一个学生的学校 词数：225 建议用时：10 min 正确率：  ⁠/10
(2023东营改编)Can yu imagine a schl with nly ne student? There is ne n the Out Skerries, and Arn is the 1. 　nly 　 ⁠ student.
1．nly　根据上句中的“nly ne student”可知，此处填nly。
The Out Skerries are three tiny islands abut 280 km frm the cast f Sctland.They are hme t abut 70 peple.The nearest twn is Lerwick n the Shetland Islands.Yu can nly get there by bat and it 2. 　takes 　 ⁠ tw and a half hurs.
Arn wasn't the nly student at the schl at 3. 　first 　 ⁠.Until July there were several ther 4. 　children 　 ⁠ there.But nw they are lder, s they g t the middle schl in Lerwick.Arn has 5. 　been 　 ⁠ the nly student since September.
3．first　at first刚开始。
4．children　根据空格前的“several ther”可知填名词复数，故填children。
5．been　此处表示“是唯一的学生”，选择动词be，根据“since September”可知句子用现在完成时，空格前有has，空格处填过去分词been。
children 　
The schl is very small.It has tw classrms, an art rm, a music rm and a library.Each week Arn studies maths, English, science and art with the 6. 　same 　 ⁠ teacher.She als gives him PE lessns.He usually takes a lng walk arund the islands.He als has the schl playgrund all t 7. 　himself 　 ⁠.
7．himself　主语是He，介词t的宾语还是指他，故用反身代词himself。