专题01 名词 （教师版+学生版）---高考英语精选考点专项突破

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考点1、名词的数：
分考点1. 可数名词复数的变化规则
Pint 1：可数名词复数的规则变化
1).一般情况下直接加s bk------bks cup-----cups
2).以辅音字母+y结尾的，先变y为i再加es .
city-------cities family-----families
3).以s、x、sh、ch结尾的加es .
bus-----buses wish------wishes watch------wathes
4).以结尾的多数加S 只有三个单词加es .
tmat-----tmates ptat------ptates her-----heres
5).以f、fe 结尾的，先把f、fe变v 再加es .
leaf----leaves self---selves shelf----shelves life----lives thief---thieves
少数直接加s ;rf----rfs belief----beliefs chief---chiefs
Pint 2：可数名词的复数的不规则变化
（1）有些名词复数形式不是以加s 或es构成，它们的不规则构成方式如下
man----men wman---wmen ft-----feet tth----teeth muse---mice gse--geese
child----children x--xen
（2）单复数同形可数名词
deer---deer fish----fish sheep----sheep Chinese ----Chinese Japanese---Japanese Swiss--Swiss
means 方式、方法
【特别注意】fish表示同一种鱼时，单复数同形，但表示不同种类的鱼时，其复数形式为fishes。
（3）.某国人的复数。
1). 中、日不变。Chinese----Chinese Japanese---Japanese
2). 英、法变。 Englishman----Englishmen Frenchman----Frenchmen
3). 其余s加后面。 American -----Americans German----Germans Australian---Australians
Pint 3 ：合成名词的复数
有中心名词的合成词的复数，在中心名词后加s
daughter-in-law----daughters-in-law 儿媳
passer-by -----passers-by 路人
无中心名词的合成词的复数，在词尾加s
grwn-up------grwn-ups 成人
G-between----g betweens 中间人
名词前有man 或wman 修饰，变复数，做定语man/wman和中心词都要变成复数形式
wman dctr -----wmen dctrs
man waiter ---men waiter
分考点2. 通常只用作不可数名词的名词
fun advice weather prgress infrmatin news bread milk meat butter petry luck
wrk hmewrk husewrk music equipment furniture traffic wealth baggage jewelry rm空间
man 人类
考点2、名词的格
分考点1. ’s 所有格
1).用and连接两个并列的单数名词表示共有关系时，这时只在最后一个名词后加“’s.”
This is ____________________(Mary and Lily) bedrm .
2). 1).用and连接两个并列的单数名词表示各有关系时，这时分别在每个名词后加“’s.”
These are ________________(Tm and Jack ) schl bags .
3).以s结尾的名词，变所有格时在s后加“’”,不以s 结尾的复数名词，仍加“’s”
Teachers’ Day Children’s Day
4).表示店铺、医院、诊所、住宅等名称时，常在名词后加 ’s 代表全称。
at the dctr’s at the Bb’s
5).由sme、any、n、every与ne、bdy 结合的复合不定代词smething 、anything 等和else 连用时，所有格应加在else的后面。
This is _________________(smebdy else ) pencil .
6).表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的名词，也可在词尾加’s 来构成所有格。
an hur’s ride tw weeks’ time China’s capital
复合名词在后一个名词词尾加 ’s
her sn-in-law’s phnes
分考点2. f 所有格：
f 用来表示无生命的名词所有格；名词短语或有定语修饰的有生命的名词也常用f所有格。
the map f China the dr f the rm the name f the girl ver there
分考点3. 双重所有格：
双重所有格的构成为：名词+ f + 名词 ’s 或 名词+ f + 名词性的物住代词 ，双重所有格主要用于下列两种情况中：
Pint 1 表示“其中之一”或“其中一部分”，可用a,any,sme a few ,tw等修饰f短语前面的名词，但不能用the 。
He is a friend f my _________(brther ) .
Is she a daughter f __________(yu)?
Pint 2 常用来表示赞赏、厌恶等爱憎褒贬的情感，此时f短语前面的名词有this , that ,these ,thse 等指示代词修饰。
That dg f Tm’s is really clever.
考点3 名词构词法
分考点1名词的后缀
后缀法是动词转换名词，形容词转换名词以及名词转换名词的常用方法，常考后缀有-in,-ness,-ment
-ure 等，具体如下表：
分考点2．常考的名词与形容词的转换
3．表示“人”的后缀

1、（2022年全国高考乙卷）China has a ______ (respnsible)t wrk with ther cuntries t prmte the healthy develpment f the tea industry.
2、（2022年全国高考甲卷）Ca and Wu als cllected garbage alng the rad, in rder t prmte envirnmental ______ (prtect)
3、（2022年全国新高考I卷） The GPNP’s main gal is t imprve cnnectivity between separate ______ (ppulatin)and hmes f giant pandas。
4、（2022年全国新高考II卷）He saved my ______ (sn) life," said Mrs. Brwn.
5、（2021·全国高考八省联考）In 1844 they bught it fr $1,200 and sme land frm Charles Dresser, wh perfrmed their 63． （marry）ceremny in 1842.
6、（2021·全国高考甲卷真题）After 59． (spend) sme time lking at all the defensive equipment at the wall,
7、（2021·全国高考甲卷真题）Suppsedly yu can d it in tw hurs, but we stpped at the different gates and 64． (watchtwer) t fake pictures r just t watch the lcal peple ging abut their daily rutines.
8、（2021·全国高考乙卷真题） and ften prvides mney fr cnservatin and benefits the 57． (develp) f the lcal areas.
9、（2021·全国高考乙卷真题）because f its unique bidiversity.64． (activity)there range frm whale watching t hiking(远足)and accmmdatins aim t have a lw impact n the natural envirnment.
10、（2021·新高考高考I卷真题）The rlling sea f cluds yu see nce yu are at the tp will remind yu hw tiny we 63． (human) are.
11、（2021·浙江高考真题）It is calculated by dividing a 58． (persn) weight in kg by their height in meters squared
12、(2020年海南高考） Als, technlgical knw-hw has becme a53． （require）fr mst jbs in an increasingly digital wrld, as the cmputer has becme a cmmn tl in mst54． （prfessin）
13、（2020年北京高考）Nw, lts f27． (cuntry) and regins are taking actin t ban the sale f such bags t stp peple using them.
14、（2020年全国高考）Histrical 69． (accurate) is imprtant but s is entertainment.
15、（2020年浙江高考）Later，they learned t wrk with the 63． (seasn)，planting at the right time and，in dry areas
16、（2020年全国高考）Filled with 64． (curius), the artist packed his bags and left.
17、（2020年全国高考）The far side f the mn is f particular 64． (interesting) t scientists because it has a lt f deep craters (环形山)
18、（2020年全国高考）Chinese New Year is a 61． (celebrate) marking the end f the winter seasn and the beginning f spring
19、（2020年浙江高考）Fr Japan, the58． (number)are mre striking-22 in 1950, 46 tday and 53 in 2050
1．…Charles Dresser, wh perfrmed their ________ (marry) ceremny in 1842. （所给词的适当形式填空）
2．The writing prject isn’t easy, but her readers have fllwed her n a jurney t self- acceptance and __________ (cnfident). （所给词的适当形式填空）
3．The high cst f child-raising is ne mre__________ (difficult) Chinese plicymakers face while dealing with rapidly decreasing birth rates. （所给词的适当形式填空）
4．As far as I am cncerned, my ________ (suggest) is that we shuld always have a ntebk and a Chinese­English dictinary within easy reach. （所给词的适当形式填空）
5．Tw ________ (German) were seen enter the building an hur ag. （所给词的适当形式填空）
6．________ (curius) is part f children's nature. They always insist n getting t the bttm f everything. （所给词的适当形式填空）
7．The ________ (express) in her eyes tld me smething was wrng. （所给词的适当形式填空）
8．She was unable t attend the meeting because f the ________ (press) f wrk. （所给词的适当形式填空）
9．Yesterday I was invited t the dinner at the ________ (Turner). （所给词的适当形式填空）
10．A number f ________(cmpany) are nw wrking n bringing 5G t the market. （所给词的适当形式填空）
11．Life is a ________ (mix) f gd times and bad times, and happy mments and unhappy mments.（所给词的适当形式填空）
12．（2018新课标I卷）But ’s prbably running. If yu are time pr, yu need run fr nly half the time t get the same benefits as ther sprts, s perhaps we shuld all give ________ a try. （用适当的词填空）
13．（2022·江西·模拟预测）The giant panda is ne f the wrld's mst adred and prtected rare ________ (animal). (所给词的适当形式填空)
14．（2022·内蒙古·呼和浩特市教育教学研究中心一模）Accrding t the plan, the high-speed railway will have tw branch________ (line)—ne is t Yanqing Statin, the ther is t Taizicheng f Chngli, where the Olympic village lies. (所给词的适当形式填空)
15．（2022·内蒙古·呼和浩特市教育教学研究中心一模）The railway line has a________ (lng) f 174 km as a duble-track passage line, with ten statins alng its rute. (所给词的适当形式填空)
16．（2022·广西桂林·二模）“We hpe t add mre ________ ( happy ) t the great event, meanwhile, viewers can learn abut traditinal Chinese culture, ” said Zheng Feihu, directr f the vide. (所给词的适当形式填空)
17．（2022年新高考I卷）The GPNP’s main gal is t imprve cnnectivity between separate ______ (ppulatin)and hmes f giant pandas, and ______ (eventual)achieve a desired level f ppulatin in the wild. (所给词的适当形式填空)
18．（2022年全国乙卷） As a main prmter f the Internatinal Tea Day, the birthplace f tea and the ______（large）tea-prducing cuntry, China has a ______ （respnsible）t wrk with ther cuntries t prmte the healthy develpment f the tea industry. (所给词的适当形式填空)
19．Extreme weather events can wrsen many f these health ________ (threat). （所给词的适当形式填空）
20．McKinstry hlds the ________ (believe) that the British are funny. （所给词的适当形式填空）
21．The site has revlutinized experts’ understanding f hw civilizatin evlved in ancient China. In particular, ________ (evident) f a unique Shu culture suggests that the kingdm develped independently f neighbring scieties in the Yellw River Valley, which was traditinally cnsidered t be the cradle f Chinese civilizatin. （所给词的适当形式填空）
22．Discveries made at the site can date back t the 12th and 11th centuries BC, and many f the ________ (item) are nw n display at an n-site museum. (所给词的适当形式填空)
23．If we chse lng-lasting clthes, it helps slve tw key________ (issue) at nce-vercnsumptin and the declining quality f many clthes in stres these days. (所给词的适当形式填空)
24．This game adpted water ________ (cnserve) and used ther recycling materials t ensure the ecsystem was well prtected. (所给词的适当形式填空)
25．…but if yu cnveniently thrw it ut, wind and run-ff carry the waste dwn the sewer(污水管) and directly t the cean, affecting the marine life including the fish, a main surce f fd fr ________ (human). （所给词的适当形式填空）
26．The pening f the China-Las Railway will thus help speed the ________ (develp) f the China-Las Ecnmic Crridr, and will further advance the building f a China-Las cmmunity with a shared future. （所给词的适当形式填空）
27．The prject was cmpleted s quickly because the wrkers had been arranged int seven units t undertake different ________(task) at the same time. （所给词的适当形式填空）
28．In the Republic f Krea, yung peple are giving up n ________ (marry) and hme wner-ship. （所给词的适当形式填空）
29．Each persn’s handwriting is unique and cnveys an individual’s________ (persnal) and emtin. (所给词的适当形式填空)
30．It is calculated by dividing a ________ (persn) weight in kg by their height in meters squared. （所给词的适当形式填空）
31．She was at her ________ (dentist) fr tw hurs yesterday. （所给词的适当形式填空）
32．We have tw ________ (week) vacatin fr Christmas. （所给词的适当形式填空）
33．“The new rbtic arms cst n mre than 1，000 yuan，” said Chen Xiaping, ________ (direct) f the Rbtics Labratry at USTC, adding that this gives them an advantage fr much wider applicatin. （所给词的适当形式填空）
34．… and ften prvides mney fr cnservatin and benefits the ________(develp) f the lcal areas. (所给词的适当形式填空)
35．Kmd Natinal Park, fficially recgnized in 1980, is ppular fr ecturism because f its unique bidiversity.________(activity)there range frm whale watching t hiking(远足) （所给词的适当形式填空）
36．Accrding t the latest law, persnal ________(pssess) f guns is nw allwed in this island cuntry. （所给词的适当形式填空）
37．Yu’ll find this guidebk is f ________(valuable) in helping the visitrs t get arund the Palace Museum. （所给词的适当形式填空）
38．At the cnference they discussed three different ________(apprach) t dealing with COVID-19. (所给词的适当形式填空)
39．I haven’t seen Mary since she was a little girl, and she has changed beynd ________(recgnize). （所给词的适当形式填空）
40．Nwadays, the scenic spt has regained its frmer glamur. Turism supprt________ (facility) have been imprved t better prvide services t travelers. Jiuzhaigu cunty has als been trying t ffer visitrs a mre diversified turism experience. （所给词的适当形式填空）
41．Gaining________(inspire) frm jade fr a secnd time hnrs the Chinese capital’s unique psitin as the first city t hst the Summer and Winter Olympics. （所给词的适当形式填空）
42．The researchers fund the snake’s muth pen. These________(find) suggest the snake had been part f an “pening f the muth” ceremny. （所给词的适当形式填空）
43．Each medal has carvings f the Olympic rings n ne side. The rings represent the pursuit f unity and harmny, and they als represent the Olympic ________(value) f slidarity and inclusiveness（所给词的适当形式填空）
44．I’m nt Chinese, but I lve Chinese New Year. There are many fun New Year ________(celebrate), but nthing quite matches the excitement f the lin dance which can wake up the spirit cmpletely.（所给词的适当形式填空）
45．Partly based n Wu’s wn experiences in the 1970s, the bk is a ________(cmbine) f reality and fictin, and in sme ways his wn memir (回忆录) was added t the science fictin. （所给词的适当形式填空）
46．Sme students might hate the idea f hmewrk because it is time-cnsuming. Others might think that hmewrk is unnecessary because all f the learning is dne in the classrm. I disagree with bth f these________(pinin). I think that hmewrk is an imprtant factr in a________(student) educatin. （所给词的适当形式填空）
47．Cmpared t ther leading ________ (prvince) in China, with regard t develpment, Guizhu has sme catching-up t d. （所给词的适当形式填空）
48．Als, technlgical knw hw has becme a ________(require) fr mst jbs in an increasingly digital wrld, as the cmputer has becme a cmmn tl in mst ________(prfessin). （所给词的适当形式填空）
49．I made an ________(appint) with the acupuncturist in my area and turned up at his rm the fllwing mrning. （所给词的适当形式填空）
50．But the slar term culture is still useful tday t guide peple’s lives thrugh special fds, cultural ________ (ceremny), gardening and even healthy living tips that crrespnd with each slar term.（所给词的适当形式填空）
考查点
全国新高考卷
全国卷
命题分析
2022
2021
2020
2022
20221
2020
名词单复数
卷I，62题
卷I，57题
卷II，39题
浙江高考
乙卷，69题
乙卷改错dish-dishes,
甲卷，69题
甲卷改错，friend-friends
语法填空主要考查名词单复数的变化及名词的词性转换，但对于高频名词的词义，在完形填空中依然是考查的重点，考生仍需掌握。
名词构词法
卷I，44题
卷II，38题
乙卷，65题
甲卷，65题
乙卷，62题
卷I，64题
卷II，61题
卷III，64题
名词的所有格
卷II，64题
浙江高考 58题