高中英语2025届高考语法复习定语从句知识讲解练习

这是一份高中英语2025届高考语法复习定语从句知识讲解练习，共5页。试卷主要包含了定语从句定义， 非限制性定语从句，关系词，指物时，只用that 的情况，指物时，只用which 的情况，指人时，只用wh 的情况，as引导的定语从句，几个特殊的先行词等内容，欢迎下载使用。
1.定语从句定义
定语从句是用来修饰名词或代词的从句。
可分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。
1.限制性定语从句：
对先行词起限定修饰作用
He is a man wh likes travelling and reading.
和主句关系密切，不用逗号隔开，去掉主句,句子不完整。
2. 非限制性定语从句：
对先行词起修饰作用(先行词与定语从句之间用逗号隔开)
The huse, which I bught last year, has a beautiful garden.
也可以对主句起修饰作用
He was late again, which made his teacher angry.
和主句关系不密切，用逗号分开，去掉主句，句子完整。
2.先行词
先行词是被定语从句修饰的成分。
先行词可以是名词、代词或整个主句。
先行词是指人时，可用that, wh, whm, whse
This is the persn ( wh/whm/that ) yu want t see.
先行词是指物时，可用which, that, whse
I like t live in a rm that / which has a windw facing suth.
3.关系词
关系词：关系代词和关系副词两种
关系代词：that, which, wh, whm, whse, as
在从句中作主语，宾语，表语，定语
先行词是指人时，可用关系代词：that, wh, whm, whse
This is the persn ( wh/whm/that ) yu want t see.
先行词是指物时，可用关系代词：which, that, whse
I like t live in a rm that / which has a windw facing suth.
I like t live in a rm whse windw faces suth.
=I like t live in a rm f which the windw faces suth.
=I like t live in a rm the windw f which faces suth.
关系副词：when, where, why 在从句中作状语
先行词是表示时间的名词时，可用when, in which, n which等；
I never frget the day when / n which I came t this schl.
先行词是表示地点的名词时，可用where, in which, at which等；
The factry where / in which his father wrks is far frm here.
This is the factry where /in which he wrks.
如果定语从句修饰pint，situatin，part，cnditin和case等表示抽象意义的词，常用where 引导
We have reached a pint where a change is needed.
区分：
there’s ne pint that we must insist n.
先行词是表示原因的名词时，可用why, fr which等。
I dn’t knw the reasn why / fr which yu were absent.
The reasn why / fr which he was absent was that he was ill.
4.指物时，只用that 的情况
(1)当先行词everything, nthing, smething, anything, all, much, little, few, nne, n ne等词修饰时
She did all that she culd t help us.
(2)当先行词 被the nly，the very等修饰时
This is the very bk that I want.
(3)当先行词是序数词或形容词最高级修饰时
This is the best bk that I have ever read.
(4)当先行词中既有人又有物
The writer and his nvel that yu have just talked abut is really well knwn .
(5) 一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中关系代词用了which, 另一个用that
He built a factry which prduced things that had never been seen befre.
(6) 疑问词是wh / which开头的句子中
Wh is the man that is standing at the gate?
Which is the bk that yu like best?
(7) 在从句中作表语时
He is nt the persn that he used t be.
5.指物时，只用which 的情况
（1）在非限制性定语从句中.
He was late again, which made his teacher angry.
（2）关系代词的前面有介词时.
This is the huse in which he nce lived?
（3）一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了that时
Let me shw yu the nvel that I brrwed frm the library which was newly pen t us.
（4）关系代词后面带有插入语时
Here's the English grammar which, as I have tld yu, will help imprve yur English.
（5）先行词本身是that时
What's that which she is interested in?
（6）先行词是thse+复数名词时
A shp shuld keep a stck f thse gds which sell well.
6.指人时，只用wh 的情况
（1）先行词为anyne, anybdy, thse, all, ne, nes, they, he, peple时
Anyne wh (=Whever)breaks the law shuld be punished.
Thse wh are late fr wrk shuld be fined 200 yuan.
（2）在There be 结构中
There is a persn at the gate wh wants t see yu .
（3）在非限定性定语从句中指人时
Tm, wh is my best friend, has gne abrad.
（4）当先行词有较长的后置定语时
I met a freigner in the shpping mall yesterday wh culd speak Chinese fluently.
（5）一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that 时
The persn I want t learn frm is the ne wh is kind and helpful.
7.as引导的定语从句
1.As 既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以用于非限定性定句中充当主语，宾语，表语等。
常用于以下句型：
such/s……. 像…..一样
the same ….as… 和…...一样
He is such a kind persn as we all like.
区分：
such/s…….
He is such a kind persn that we all like him.
2.引导非限制性定语从句，
意思是“正如，像”可以放在句首，句中或句末。
常用结构
as we all knw（众所周知）；
as ften happens（正如常发生的那样）；
as is ften the case（情况常常如此）;
as we all can see（正如我们看到的）
Taiwan is part f China, as is knwn t all.
As is knwn t all, Taiwan is part f China.
区分：
the 和 the
This is the same bike that I lst yesterday.(同一事物)
This is the same bike as I lst yesterday.（同类事物）
8.which 与 as 引导的定语从句
1.相同点
两者引导非限制性定语从句时，可指代主句中的部分或整个句子的内容，在从句中做主语，宾语或表语，位于主句之后有时可互换。
The speech was cancelled, as / which was exactly what we wanted.
He was a teacher, as / which I knew frm his manner.
2.不同点
（1）as可以放在主句前后，也可插入主句之中；而which引导的非限制性从句只能位于主句之后。
As is knwn t all, fish can’t live withut water.
（2）在非限制性从句中，which后的be动词不可省；as而后的be动词可以省略。
She tld me she passed the exam, which was a lie.
The material is elastic, as (was) shwn in the figure.
9.几个特殊的先行词
(1) 先行词way在定语从句中做状语时
The way in which / that / 不填 he teaches English t us is quite simple.
(2)先行词time 表“次数”时，用关系代词that
This is the first time that I have seen such a big frg.
先行词time 表“一段时间” 时，用关系副词when
This was the time when we stay tgether.
(3)先行词reasn在定语从句中作状语时
This is the reasn why / fr which / that / 不填 he is absent.
区分：
Is this the reasn that / which / 不填 he explained t us fr his absence .
10.关系代词的省略
(1)关系代词在定语从句中作宾语
She is the lvely girl (whm / that) I nce lved.(可以省略whm/that)
(2)关系代词在定语从句中作表语
He is n lnger the persn (that) he used t be. (可以省略that)
(3)关系代词作介词宾语，介词在从句句尾时可省略
Husing price is a prblem (that/which) peple are interested in.
区分：
Husing price is a prblem in which peple are interested.
11.定语从句的主谓一致
(1)当先行词是 ne f + 复数名词，用复数形式
He is ne f the students wh wrk hard.
(2) 当先行词是 the nly + ne f +复数名词，用单数形式
He is the nly ne f the students wh wrks hard.
(3)先行词是整个句子，用单数形式
Great changes have taken place in China, as is knwn t all.
He has passed the driving test, which surprises all f us.
12.高考真题
1.（2024年全国I卷）The Glasshuse stands as a great achievement in cntemprary design, t huse the plants f the suthwestern part f China at the end f a path retracing(追溯) the steps alng the Silk Rute _____ brught the plants frm their native habitat in Asia t cme t define much f the richness f gardening in England.
2.（2024年全国II卷）Chinese cultural elements cmmemrating（纪念）Tang Xianzu, _____ is knwn as "the Shakespeare f Asia," add an internatinal character t Stratfrd-upn-Avn, William Shakespeare's hmetwn.
3.（2023年全国I卷）“There was nce a twn in the heart f America, _____ all life seemed t enjy peaceful existence with its surrundings,” her fable begins, brrwing sme familiar wrds frm many age-ld fables.
4.(2023年全国II卷)But fr all its ancient buildings, Beijing is als a place _____ welcmes the fast-paced develpment f mdern life, with 21st-century architectural wnders standing side by side with histrical buildings f the past.
5.(2022年全国I卷) The GPNP is intended t prvide strnger prtectin fr all the species _____ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly imprve the health f the ecsystem in the area.
6.(2022年北京卷)That includes cups, bttles, and bags, mst f _____ are nly gd fr ne use.
7.（2021年全国II卷）I decided that if I learned f a cmpany_____ used a lt f plastic, I'd send it an email urging it t cut back.
8.(2022年天津卷）Guide bks are prepared t suit the cnvenience f the traveler, _____ rutes rund a city r a site are ften suggested.
A.fr which
B.with which
C.fr whm
D.with whm
9.（2021年天津卷）William Hastie nce suggested that histry infrms us f past mistakes ____ we can learn withut repeating them.
A.frm which
B.in which
C.with whm
D.fr whm
10.（2021年天津卷）At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands ______ artists demnstrate their skills and teach the visitrs.
A.where
B.which
C.that
D.when
11.（2019年江苏卷）We have entered int an age _____ dreams have the best chance f cming true.
A.which
B.what
C.when
D.that
12.（2019年天津卷）Their child is at the stage_____ she can say individual wrds but nt full sentences.
A.why
B.where
C.which
D.what
【答案】
1.that / which
2.wh
3.where
4.that / which
5.that
6.which
7.that / which
8.C
9.A
10.A
11.C
12.B