专题二 阅读理解 考法2 推理判断题（教师版+学生版）---高考英语精选考点专项突破

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推理判断
推理判断题阅读理解中对考生推理判断能力的考查要求考生在理解原文字面意又的基础上，通过对文中细节中隐含的信息和语篇逻辑关系的分析作出一定的判断和推理，从而理解作者所要传达的信息、得出文草的深层意义及隐含意义。它主要考查考生理清上下文逻辑天系的能力和识别能力。解答推理判断题要以文字信息为依据，既不能作出在原文中找不到依据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息进行多余推理。也就是说，要做到判断有据,推论有理，忠实原文。切忌用自己的观点代替作者的本意,切忌片面思考，得出片面结论。考生切记，推理判断( infer))题必须把握住的一个原则：正确选项必须是由文中事实推断出的另一个正确的事实，而不是文章细节的直接陈述。
方法1 针对特定细节信息进行推理
此类试题要求考生根据语篇中具体的内容和信息点，推断出文章中具体的细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。解答此类试题时，一般可根据短文所提供的某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断。考生只要正确把握文章的内在关系，根据文章中的关键信息进行推断就可以作出正确的判断。
[全国Ⅱ2020·D] I have a special place in my heart fr libraries. I have fr as lng as I can remember. I was always an enthusiastic reader, smetimes reading up t three bks a day as a child. Stries were like air t me and while ther kids played ball r went t parties, I lived ut adventures thrugh the bks I checked ut frm the library.
32. Which wrd best describes the authr's relatinship with bks as a child?
A.Cperative. B. Uneasy. D. Casual. C. Inseparable.
【解析】根据本段第三句… reading up t three bks a day as a child..以及第四句 Stries were like air t me..可知,孩童时期的作者和书是形影不离的。 cperative意为“合作的”; uneasy意为“不自在的”; inseparable意为“不可分离的;亲密无间的”; casual意为“漫不经心的;随便的”。故选C项。
方法2 整合全文(段)信息进行推断
做推理判断题时，有时需要在弄懂全文或全段意思的基础上，整合与题目相关的信息，提取出来加以推理判断，从而确定最佳答案。
[全国Ⅱ 2020·C] Unusual fashin shws in New Orleans and Brklyn have shwcased nutria fur made int clthes in different styles. "It sunds crazy t talk abut guilt-free fur unless yu understand that the nutria are destrying vast wetlands every year, "says Cree McCree, prject directr f Righteus Fur.
28. What is the purpse f the fashin shws in New Orleans and Brklyn?
A. T prmte guilt-free fur. B. T expand the fashin market.
C. T intrduce a new brand. D. T celebrate a winter hliday.
【解析】由题干中的 New Orleans and Brklyn可定位至原文第二段。根据本段可知,在新奥尔良与布鲁克林举办这些不同寻常的时装秀的目的是让人们在重新穿上由海狸鼠毛皮制成的衣物的同时不会产生罪恶感,即为了宣传“零罪恶感”的海狸鼠毛皮。故选A项。
方法3 根据文章的结论推断作者或文中人物的态度及意图
作者或文中人物的态度、倾向是指其对自己或他人陈述的观点是赞同、反对还是中立，对叙述或描写的人、物或事件等是赞颂、同情、冷漠还是厌恶、憎恨。这种思想倾向和感情色彩往往隐含在文章的结论中，或流露于修饰性的词语中。因此，在推断过程中，应特别注意文中总结全文的措辞，尤其是带有感情色彩的形容词。常见的表达态度的词语有:
(1)、表示积极态度的词： supprt((支持), supprtive(支持的), apprve((赞成), apprving((赞同的),fr(支持), in favr f(支持), ptimistic((乐观的), psitive((积极的), pleasant((愉快的), humrus((幽默的), cnfident((自信的), impressive((令人钦佩的), praise((赞扬)等。
(2)、表示消极态度的词：disgusted((厌恶的), critical(批评的), negative((否定的), dubtful(怀疑的), disappinted(失望的), pessimistic((悲观的), ppsed((反对的)等。
(3)、表示中立的词： bjective((客观的), factual((事实的),neutral((中立的), impartial((不偏不倚的)等。
有些文章的写作意图比较明确，如议论文、说明文，此类文体应关注主题句。而有些文章的写作意图需要考生去体会，这种情况多出现在记叙文中，此类文章通常先叙述，然后发表看法。
[全国I2020·C] Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shws, while mst likely
cntributing t fewer injuries. It des, hwever, have its wn prblem.(首段)
31. Which wrd best describes the authr's attitude t race walking?
A. Skeptical. B. Objective. C.Tlerant. D. Cnservative.
【解析】通读首段可知,作者在本文中主要阐述了竞走的好处(Race walking shares many fitness benefits with
running)及其存在的问题( It des, hwever, have its wn prblem.)，提及正反两方面，由此可推知，作者的态度是客观的。故选B项。
方法4 结合文章关键信息和常识推测文章的来源或者推测阅读对象
此类题目要求考生具备一定的常识，这样才能把文章的内容与自己已经具备的常识结合起来作出准确的推断。比如考生要对报告、报纸、杂志、网络、小说、广告、说明书、旅游指南、药品说明、操作指南等有基本的了解，这样才能根据文章的特点对号入座，选出最佳答案。
[浙江2020年1月·A] I never knew anyne wh' d grwnup in Jacksn withut being afraid f Mrs. Callway, ur
librarian. She ran Jacksn's Carnegie Library abslutely by herself. SILENCE in big black letters was n signs hung everywhere. If she thught yu were dressed imprperly, she sent yu straight back hme t change yur clthes. I was willing; I wuld d anything t
My mther shared this feeling f mine. Nw, I think f her as reading s much f the time while ding smething else. I remember her reading a magazine while taking the part f the Wlf in a game f "Little Red Riding Hd"with my brther's tw daughters. She'd just lk up at the right time, lng enugh t answer-in character-"The better t eat yu with, my dear," and g back t her place in the magazine article.
23. Where is the text prbably frm?
A. A guidebk. B. An autbigraphy. C. A news reprt. D. A bk review.
【解析】通读全文可知,本文是作者在回忆自己童年时在图书馆阅读的经历，所以本文最可能出自一部自传。故选B项。
Passage 1
本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是锻炼对于心脏的好处。
（2022·全国新高考II卷真题）As we age, even if we’re healthy, the heart just isn’t as efficient in prcessing xygen as it used t be. In mst peple the first signs shw up in their 50s r early 60s. And amng peple wh dn’t exercise, the changes can start even sner.
“Think f a rubber band. In the beginning, it is flexible, but put it in a drawer fr 20 years and it will becme dry and easily brken,” says Dr. Ben Levine, a heart specialist at the University f Texas. That’s what happens t the heart. Frtunately fr thse in midlife, Levine is finding that even if yu haven’t been an enthusiastic exerciser, getting in shape nw may help imprve yur aging heart.
Levine and his research team selected vlunteers aged between 45 and 64 wh did nt exercise much but were therwise healthy. Participants were randmly divided int tw grups. The first grup participated in a prgram f nnaerbic (无氧) exercise—balance training and weight training—three times a week. The secnd grup did high-intensity aerbic exercise under the guidance f a trainer fr fur r mre days a week. After tw years, the secnd grup saw remarkable imprvements in heart health.
“We tk these 50-year-ld hearts and turned the clck back t 30-r 35-year-ld hearts,” says Levine. “And the reasn they gt s much strnger and fitter was that their hearts culd nw fill a lt better and pump (泵送) a lt mre bld during exercise.” But the hearts f thse wh participated in less intense exercise didn’t change, he says.
“The sweet spt in life t start exercising, if yu haven’t already, is in late middle age when the heart still has flexibility,” Levine says. “We put healthy 70-year-lds thrugh a yearlng exercise training prgram, and nthing happened t them at all.”
Dr. Nieca Gldberg, a spkeswman fr the American Heart Assciatin, says Levine’s findings are a great start. But the study was small and needs t be repeated with far larger grups f peple t determine exactly which aspects f an exercise rutine make the biggest difference.
32．What des Levine want t explain by mentining the rubber band?
A．The right way f exercising.B．The causes f a heart attack.
C．The difficulty f keeping fit.D．The aging prcess f the heart.
【答案】 D
【解析】
推理判断题。根据第二段的““Think f a rubber band. In the beginning, it is flexible, but put it in a drawer fr 20 years and it will becme dry and easily brken,” says Dr. Ben Levine, a heart specialist at the University f Texas. That’s what happens t the heart.(“想想橡皮筋。一开始，它是灵活的，但把它放在抽屉里20年，它就会变得干燥，很容易破碎，”德克萨斯大学的心脏专家本·莱文博士说。这就是心脏的变化。)”可知，莱文想通过提到橡皮筋来解释心脏的老化过程，故选D。
33．In which aspect were the tw grups different in terms f research design?
A．Diet plan.B．Prfessinal backgrund.
C．Exercise type.D．Previus physical cnditin.
【答案】 C
【解析】
推理判断题。根据第三段的“The first grup participated in a prgram f nnaerbic exercise—balance training and weight training—three times a week. The secnd grup did high-intensity aerbic exercise under the guidance f a trainer fr fur r mre days a week.(第一组每周参加三次非有氧运动——平衡训练和重量训练。第二组在教练的指导下每周进行4天或更多的高强度有氧运动。)”可知，两组在研究设计上的不同在于运动类型的不同，故选C。
35．What des Dr. Nieca Gldberg suggest?
A．Making use f the findings.B．Interviewing the study participants.
C．Cnducting further research.D．Clarifying the purpse f the study.
【答案】 C
【解析】
推理判断题。根据最后一段的“But the study was small and needs t be repeated with far larger grups f peple t determine exactly which aspects f an exercise rutine make the biggest difference.(但这项研究的规模很小，需要在更大的人群中重复进行，以确定日常锻炼的哪些方面会产生最大的影响。)”可知，妮卡·戈德堡博士建议进行进一步的研究。故选C。
Passage 2
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了我们日常生活中的食物浪费现象以及华盛顿DC中央厨房的首席执行官科廷为解决食物浪费而采取的努力。
（2022·全国新高考I卷真题）Like mst f us, I try t be mindful f fd that ges t waste. The arugula (芝麻菜)was t make a nice green salad, runding ut a rast chicken dinner. But I ended up wrking late. Then friends called with a dinner invitatin. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even wrse, I had unthinkingly bught way t much; I culd have made six salads with what I threw ut.
In a wrld where nearly 800 millin peple a year g hungry, “fd waste ges against the mral grain,” as Elizabeth Ryte writes in this mnth’s cver stry. It’s jaw-drpping hw much perfectly gd fd is thrwn away — frm “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grcers t large amunts f uneaten dishes thrwn int restaurant garbage cans.
Prducing fd that n ne eats wastes the water, fuel, and ther resurces used t grw it. That makes fd waste an envirnmental prblem. In fact, Ryte writes, “if fd waste were a cuntry, it wuld be the third largest prducer f greenhuse gases in the wrld.”
If that’s hard t understand, let’s keep it as simple as the arugula at the back f my refrigeratr. Mike Curtin sees my arugula stry all the time — but fr him, it's mre like 12 bnes f dnated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO f DC Central Kitchen in Washingtn, D．C．, which recvers fd and turns it int healthy meals. Last year it recvered mre than 807,500 punds f fd by taking dnatins and cllecting blemished (有瑕疵的) prduce that therwise wuld have rtted in fields. And the strawberries? Vlunteers will wash, cut, and freeze r dry them fr use in meals dwn the rad.
Such methds seem bvius, yet s ften we just dn’t think. “Everyne can play a part in reducing waste, whether by nt purchasing mre fd than necessary in yur weekly shpping r by asking restaurants t nt include the side dish yu wn’t eat,” Curtin says.
27．What des the authr want t shw by telling the arugula stry?
A．We pay little attentin t fd waste.B．We waste fd unintentinally at times.
C．We waste mre vegetables than meat.D．We have gd reasns fr wasting fd.
【答案】 B
【解析】
推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Like mst f us, I try t be mindful f fd that ges t waste.(像我们大多数人一样，我努力关注那些被浪费的食物)”及“But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even wrse, I had unthinkingly bught way t much; culd have made six salads with what I threw ut.(但随着时间的推移，芝麻菜变坏了。更糟糕的是，我不假思索地买了太多东西；我扔掉的东西可以做六份沙拉)”可推知，作者想通过讲述芝麻菜的故事来表明我们有时会无意间浪费食物。故选B。
Passage 3
这是一篇书评。本文简要介绍了Drthy Wickenden的书籍并对其进行了评价。
（2022·全国·高考乙卷真题）In 1916, tw girls f wealthy families, best friends frm Auburn, N. Y. — Drthy Wdruff and Rsamnd Underwd — traveled t a settlement in the Rcky Muntains t teach in a ne-rm schlhuse. The girls had gne t Smith Cllege. They wre expensive clthes. S fr them t mve t Elkhead, Cl. t instruct the children whse shes were held tgether with string was a surprise. Their stay in Elkhead is the subject f Nthing Daunted: The Unexpected Educatin f Tw Sciety Girls in the West by Drthy Wickenden, wh is a magazine editr and Drthy Wdruff’s granddaughter.
Why did they g then? Well, they wanted t d smething useful. Sn, hwever, they realized what they had undertaken.
They mved in with a lcal family, the Harrisns, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket f snw n their quilt when they wke up in the mrning. Sme mrnings, Rsamnd and Drthy wuld arrive at the schlhuse t find the children weeping frm the cld. In spring, the snw was replaced by mud ver ice.
In Wickenden’s bk, she expanded n the histry f the West and als n feminism, which f curse influenced the girls’ decisin t g t Elkhead. A hair-raising sectin cncerns the building f the railrads, which entailed (牵涉) drilling thrugh the Rckies, ften in blinding snwstrms. The bk ends with Rsamnd and Drthy’s return t Auburn.
Wickenden is a very gd stryteller. The sweep f the land and the sticism (坚忍) f the peple mve her t sme beautiful writing. Here is a picture f Drthy Wdruff, n her hrse, lking dwn frm a hill tp: “When the sun slipped behind the muntains, it shed a rsy glw all arund them. Then a full mn rse. The snw was marked nly by small animals: fxes, cytes, mice, and varying hares, which turned white in the winter.”
25．What can we learn abut the girls frm paragraph 3?
A．They enjyed much respect.B．They had a rm with a bathtub.
C．They lived with the lcal kids.D．They suffered severe hardships.
【答案】 D
【解析】
推理判断题。根据第三段“They mved in with a lcal family, the Harrisns, and like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket f snw n their quilt when they wke up in the mrning.(他们和一个当地家庭，哈里森一家一起搬进去，和他们一样，几乎没有隐私，很少洗澡，早上醒来时被子上覆盖着一层雪。)”以及“In spring, the snw was replaced by mud ver ice.(在春天，雪被泥替代覆盖在冰上。)”可知，女孩们的生活条件非常艰苦，她们饱受磨难。故选D项。
27．What is the text?
A．A news reprt.B．A bk review.C．A children’s stry.D．A diary entry.
【答案】 B
【解析】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The bk ends with Rsamnd and Drthy’s return t Auburn.(这本书以Rsamnd和Drthy回到奥本结束。)”以及最后一段“Wickenden is a very gd stryteller. The sweep f the land and the sticism f the peple mve her t sme beautiful writing.( Wickenden是个很好的讲故事的人。大地的辽阔和人们的坚忍使她创作出了一些美丽的作品。)”可知，本文简要介绍了Wickenden的书籍内容，并对其进行了评价，所以文本是一篇书评。故选B项。
Passage 1 （2022·江西·金溪一中模拟预测）
Meredith J. Eberhart cmpleted the 2, 190-plus mile Appalachian Trail n Sunday, becming the ldest persn t hld the hnr.
Eberhart has prbably hiked ver 50,000 miles in his life thugh he desn’t keep track. The 83-year-ld man started walking when he retired mre than 25 years ag, and never stpped.
Eberhart started the 261-day, 15-state trip back in February, with the gal f beating previus recrd hlder Dale “Greybeard”Sanders, wh finished the entire Appalachian Trail at the age f 82 in 2017. The trail cvers ver 2,190 miles frm Springer Muntain, Gergia, all the way t Munt Katahdin, Maine. Hwever, Eberhart began his jurney far frm the trail, at his hme in Flagg Muntain, Alabama. That added hundreds f extra miles t the rute. But Eberhart wasn’t wrried abut that. He nce hiked 4,400 miles frm the Flrida Keys t Nrthern Quebec, and anther time frm Chicag t Califrnia n Rute 66.
Eberhart admitted that he was feeling his age and the trail gt tugh at pints, even fr an experienced hiker like himself. He fell a few times n slippery rcks, and at ne pint he gt his elbw scratched. Hwever, the accidents didn’t stp him.“I’ve gt a cuple f injuries n me, but I’m kay,”he said.“Yu’ve gt t have incredible determinatin t d this.”
Eberhart hiked the trail ut f rder in sectins s he culd cmplete each part in fine weather. Mindful f his age, Eberhart walked at a rate f n mre than eight hurs each day. He finished his jurney in Massachusetts, where he celebrated with champagne wine and friends. And while sme peple think this will be his last hike, Eberhart seems t strngly disagree.
1．What set Eberhart apart frm ther Appalachian Trail hikers?
A．The maximum age. B．The lngest distance. C．The minimum time.D．The steepest trail.
2．Which wrd best describes Eberhart’s jurney n the Appalachian Trail?
A．Relaxing.B．Challenging.C．Pleasing.D．Appealing.
3．Why did Eberhart hike the trails in randm sectins?
A．T cnserve his energy.B．T catch up with ther hikers.
C．T make use f gd weather.D．T avid getting injured.
4．What can we learn frm Eberhart’s success?
A．Life lies in mvement.B．All rads lead t Rme.
C．He wh laughs last laughs lngest.D．It’s never t late t g after dreams.
【答案】
1．A 2．B 3．C 4．D
【解析】
这是一篇新闻报道。83岁老人埃伯哈特徒步走完2190多英里的阿巴拉契亚小径全程，成为走完这条山地徒步线路的最年长者。
【详解】
1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“Meredith J. Eberhart cmpleted the 2, 190-plus mile Appalachian Trail n Sunday, becming the ldest persn t hld the hnr.(上周日，Meredith J.E berhart走完了2190多英里的阿帕拉契小径，成为获此殊荣的最年长的人。)”可知，Eberhart与其他的阿帕拉契小径徒步者不同，是因为他是年龄最大的徒步者。故选A项。
2. 推理判断题。根据第四段中“He fell a few times n slippery rcks, and at ne pint he gt his elbw scratched. Hwever, the accidents didn’t stp him.“I’ve gt a cuple f injuries n me, but I’m kay,”he said.“Yu’ve gt t have incredible determinatin t d this.”(他在光滑的岩石上摔了几次，有一次他的胳膊肘被擦伤了。然而，事故并没有阻止他。“我身上有几处伤，但我没事，”他说。“你必须下定决心去做这件事”)”可知，Eberhart的旅程是具有挑战性的。故选B项。
3. 细节理解题。根据最后一段首句“Eberhart hiked the trail ut f rder in sectins s he culd cmplete each part in fine weather.(Eberhart把步道随即分成几部分徒步旅行，以便在天气好的时候完成每一部分。)”可知，Eberhart要在随机的路段徒步旅行，是为了利用最佳天气。故选C项。
4. 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Meredith J. Eberhart cmpleted the 2, 190-plus mile Appalachian Trail n Sunday, becming the ldest persn t hld the hnr.(上周日，Meredith J.E berhart走完了2190多英里的阿帕拉契小径，成为最年长的获此殊荣的人。)”可知，本文主要讲了83岁的Eberhart设定目标打破戴尔·桑德斯保持的记录并获得成功，成为走完阿巴拉契亚小径的最年长者。这充分说明“追求梦想永远为时不晚”。故选D项。
Passage 2 （2022·四川省内江市第六中学模拟预测）
Hw far wuld yu g t make a gd impressin at a new jb? A cllege student in Alabama walked 32 kilmetres in the dark t get t his new jb.
The stry begins with Walter Carr’s car breaking dwn the night befre starting a new jb. Carr was unable t find a ride. S, he figured ut hw lng it wuld take t walk frm his huse t the jb in Pelham—32 kilmetres away. He left at midnight s that he culd make it t the custmer’s huse by 8: 00 am the next mrning.
Pelham plice saw him walking alng a highway at 4: 00 am. S, they stpped t see if he needed help. After hearing his stry, they tk him t a restaurant fr breakfast and then t a church where he culd safely wait until 8: 00 am. The plice then tk Carr t the hme f custmer Jenny Lamey. Lamey said that even thugh Carr had just walked the entire night, he refused her ffer t rest. He just wanted t start wrking. While he wrked, he talked with the custmer, telling her hw much he liked her kitchen.
Jenny Lamey later wrte this n Facebk: “I just can’t tell yu hw tuched I was by Walter and his jurney. He is kind and cheerful and he has big dreams! He is hard-wrking and tugh.” She then started a GFundMe page t help Walter with mney t get his car fixed. When the CEO f Bellhps, Luke Marklin, learned f Carr’s stry, he drve frm Tennessee t Alabama t give Walter his wn 2014 Frd Escape.
Walter Carr’s stry tuched many thers arund the United States. Within a few days, peple gave ver $73,000 t the GFundMe page. Carr has decided t give a part f the dnatins t the Birmingham Educatin Fundatin. And he has received mre ffers fr jbs and schlarships fr schls.
5．Why did Walter Carr decide t g t wrk n ft?
A．He wanted t challenge himself.B．He wished t be n time fr the jb.
C．He was unable t brrw a car.D．His car was damaged beynd repair.
6．What can we infer abut Carr frm Paragraph 3?
A．He was devted t his jb.B．He was blamed by his custmer.
C．He called the plice fr help.D．He started t wrk after a shrt break.
7．What kind f persn des Lamey think Carr is?
A．Cautius.B．Generus.C．Ambitius.D．Sensitive.
8．What message des the text really cnvey?
A．One has t suffer in rder t get a gd jb. B．A gd impressin is sure t bring ne gd mney.
C．One has t give up smething in return fr dnatins. D．The effrts t leave a gd impressin are t pay ff.
【答案】
5．B 6．A 7．C 8．D
【解析】
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一个大学生在开始新工作的前一个晚上，车坏了，为了能在第二天早上8点到达客户的家，他半夜就出发。他的这份认真感动了许多人，人们纷纷伸出援助之手。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段“Carr was unable t find a ride. S, he figured ut hw lng it wuld take t walk frm his huse t the jb in Pelham—32 kilmetres away. He left at midnight s that he culd make it t the custmer’s huse by 8: 00 am the next mrning.(Carr找不到车。因此，他计算出从他的家步行到32公里外的pelham的工作地点需要多长时间。他在午夜离开，这样他就能在第二天早上8点到达客户的家)”可知，他决定步行去工作的原因是因为他想准时工作。故选B。
6．推理判断题。根据第三段“Lamey said that even thugh Carr had just walked the entire night, he refused her ffer t rest. He just wanted t start wrking. While he wrked, he talked with the custmer, telling her hw much he liked her kitchen.( Lamey说，尽管Carr走了一整晚，但他拒绝了她让他休息的提议。他只是想开始工作。他一边工作，一边和顾客聊天，告诉她他有多喜欢她的厨房)”可知，他一心只想着工作。故选A。
7．推理判断题。根据第四段“Jenny Lamey later wrte this n Facebk: “I just can’t tell yu hw tuched I was by Walter and his jurney. He is kind and cheerful and he has big dreams! He is hard-wrking and tugh.”(Jenny Lamey后来在Facebk上写道：“我无法告诉你我对Walter和他的旅程有多感动。他是善良和开朗，他有很大的梦想！他很努力，也很坚强。”)”可知，Lamey认为他善良、开朗，有很大的梦想，也就是有志向、有抱负的。选项A“Cautius. (小心谨慎)”；选项B Generus“(慷慨的)”；选项C“Ambitius (有抱负的)”；选项D“Sensitive (敏感的)”。故选C。
8．推理判断题。根据第一段“Hw far wuld yu g t make a gd impressin at a new jb?(在一份新工作中，你要走多远才能给人留下好印象？)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了Walter Carr对待工作的这份努力使得人们对他有好感，并纷纷伸出援手。所以文章想要表达的是想给别人留下好印象的努力最终会有回报的。故选D。
Passage 3 （2022·青海海东·一模）
There are peple living in almst every crner f ur crwded planet. Frm the tps f muntains t deep undergrund, we’ve always been able t find habitable places t make a hme. But with space at apremium (稀少), we’ve started t lk even deeper fr smewhere t live.
Thrughut histry, peple have been fascinated by the idea f living underwater. Mre recently, the effects f human activity n the land have led sme t lk t the ceans fr natural resurces. Oceangraphers and architects have lked at designing vessels, labs and underwater habitats t enable peple t live and wrk in a underwater wrld. But, while dreams f an underwater city have remained a fantasy, hw clse are we t making ur hme n the seabed a reality?
The pineer f undersea living was Ian Kblick. He claimed technlgy already existed t create underwater clnies supprting up t a hundred peple. He even pened La Chalupa, nce the largest and mst advanced underwater habitat and research facility in the wrld.
A mre recent and ambitius design fr an underwater city is Ocean Spiral. Designed by the Japanese Shimizu Crpratin, it’s-a huge transparent glbe attached t the seabed. It’s gt a twer running thrugh it t the surface, prviding space fr hmes, ffices and even an amusement park fr five thusand residents.
Of curse, there are engineering challenges in cnstructing an ceanic metrplis. And living underwater wuld have majr effects n the human bdy, especially as there is an increase in atmspheric pressure, which culd lead t the bends. S, maybe it’s t sn t be packing ur bags and setting up a new life three thusand metres under the sea!
9．Why are peple lking frward t living underwater?
A．Space n land is in shrt supply.B．Living underwater is very easy.
C．The wrld underwater is fantastic.D．They are tired f living n land.
10．What’s the authr’s attitude twards living underwater?
A．Indifferent.B．Critical.C．Negative.D．Objective.
11．What can we infer frm the passage?
A．Living underwater des harm t the human bdy.
B．Ocean Spiral can cntain five thusand residents.
C．Peple can lk frward t the future f underwater life.
D．We can pack ur bags and set up a new life underwater.
12．Where is this text mst likely frm?
A．A jurnal f histry.B．A science website.
C．An internatinal newspaper.D．A travel guidebk.
【答案】
9．A 10．D 11．C 12．B
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们尝试让水下生活成为现实的计划，以及人们在水下安家之前需要克服的困难。
9．细节理解题。根据第一段“There are peple living in almst every crner f ur crwded planet. Frm the tps f muntains t deep undergrund, we’ve always been able t find habitable places t make a hme. But with space at apremium (稀少), we’ve started t lk even deeper fr smewhere t live.(在我们这个拥挤的星球上，几乎每个角落都有人居住。从山顶到地下深处，我们总能找到适合安家的地方。但随着空间的稀少，我们开始更深入地寻找居住的地方。)”可知，人们想去水下居住是因为地表空间不足。故选A。
10．推理判断题。根据第三段“He claimed technlgy already existed t create underwater clnies supprting up t a hundred peple.(他声称已经有技术可以在水下建立可以养活100人的居住地。)”、第四段“A mre recent and ambitius design fr an underwater city is Ocean Spiral. Designed by the Japanese Shimizu Crpratin, it’s-a huge transparent glbe attached t the seabed.(一个更近期、更有野心的水下城市设计是海洋螺旋。它是由日本清水公司设计的，是一个连接在海底的巨大透明球体。)”以及第五段“Of curse, there are engineering challenges in cnstructing an ceanic metrplis. And living underwater wuld have majr effects n the human bdy, especially as there is an increase in atmspheric pressure, which culd lead t the bends.(当然，建设海洋大都市也存在工程上的挑战。生活在水下会对人体产生重大影响，尤其是随着大气压力的增加，这可能会导致减压病。)”可推断，作者只是在客观地陈述这些事实。选项A“Indifferent (漠不关心的)”；选项B“Critical (批判的)”；选项C“Negative (否定的)”；选项D“Objective (客观的)”。故选D。
11．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“He claimed technlgy already existed t create underwater clnies supprting up t a hundred peple.(他声称已经有技术可以在水下建立可以养活100人的居住地。)”以及第四段“A mre recent and ambitius design fr an underwater city is Ocean Spiral. Designed by the Japanese Shimizu Crpratin, it’s-a huge transparent glbe attached t the seabed.(一个更近期、更有野心的水下城市设计是海洋螺旋。它是由日本清水公司设计的，是一个连接在海底的巨大透明球体。)”可推断，人们已经有了一些在水下生活的尝试，只是还有些困难没有克服。所以在水下生活从长远来看是值得期待的，或许在将来有可能实现。故选C。
12．推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，文章主要讲述的是未来水下生活的可能性以及面临的挑战，这些都是和科学相关的。所以文章最有可能来自科学网站。故选B。
Passage 4 （2022·吉林吉林·模拟预测）
Accrding t Jim Can, a psychlgist frm the University f Virginia, hlding hands with smene yu trust can have a psitive effect n yur health. Why? Researchers have shwn in their studies that the simple act f tuch can reduce stress and even lwer heart rate.
In a study, Jim and his clleagues brught cuples int the lab, and then put ne f them in an fMRI machine t scan the activity in their brains. While scanning them, the participants lked at a screen, and n a series f tests, they either saw a green circle r a red “X”. A green circle meant that the test wuld end shrtly and nthing else wuld happen. A red “X” meant that in a few secnds, there was a chance that they wuld receive a mild electric shck n their leg. The shck wasn’t painful, but it wasn’t exactly cmfrtable either.
During sme f these tests, participants were in the fMRI scanner alne; during thers, a researcher came in and held their hand; and n a final set f tests, their rmantic partner came in and held their hand. Jim and clleagues fund that when participants thught they might be getting a shck, they had a lwer stress respnse in their brains when hlding their rmantic partner’s hand than in the ther tw cnditins. And the happier the cuples said they were in their relatinships, the mre the rmantic partner’s hand lessened (减弱) the brain’s respnse t the shck. This study suggests that when we’re stressed, hlding a lved ne’s hand can reduce that stress.
The research als suggests that tuch has immediate and psitive effects n babies. Skin-t-skin cntact can reduce crying, stress, and imprve sleep. These effects can be lng-lasting: adults, held a lt when they were babies, are the mst likely t be healthy and well-adjusted — in fact, the mre they were carried in babyhd, the better they adjust in adulthd.
13．Hw wuld a participant prbably feel when seeing a red “X”?
A．Nervus.B．Excited.C．Hpeful.D．Painful.
14．Why did researchers d sets f tests in the study?
A．T make sure the study results are crrect. B．T cmpare brain activities in different cases.
C．T test the relatinships between cuples. D．T check the functins f the fMRI scanner.
15．Accrding t the last paragraph, what may the writer agree with?
A．Babies shuld be held and carried as much as pssible.
B．Babies’ prblems can be slved mainly by tuching.
C．The effects that tuching has n babies dn’t last lng.
D．Adults wh were nt held as babies can’t adjust t sciety.
16．Which f the fllwing might be the mst suitable title fr the text?
A．Tuch Imprves Brain FunctinB．Tuch Happens Everywhere
C．Tuch Helps Frm Gd HabitsD．Tuch Makes a Big Difference
【答案】
13．A 14．B 15．A 16．D
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了科学家的研究成果：来自信任的、亲近的人的触碰可以帮助其缓解压力，对身体健康有积极作用。
13．推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句“A red ‘X’ meant that in a few secnds, there was a chance that they wuld receive a mild electric shck n their leg. The shck wasn’t painful, but it wasn’t exactly cmfrtable either.”（红“X”表示几秒钟后，他们的腿可能会受到轻微电击。电击并不痛，但也不是很舒服。）及第三段第二句“Jim and clleagues fund that when participants thught they might be getting a shck, they had a lwer stress respnse in their brains when hlding their rmantic partner’s hand than in the ther tw cnditins.”（吉姆及其同事发现，当参与者认为他们可能会受到电击时，与其他两种情况相比，他们握着爱人的手时，大脑的压力反应更低。）可知，伴随红“X”而来的电击会让参与者产生紧张及压力感，只不过握着爱人的手时这种反应会降低。故选A项。
14．推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“Jim and clleagues fund that when participants thught they might be getting a shck, they had a lwer stress respnse in their brains when hlding their rmantic partner’s hand than in the ther tw cnditins.”（吉姆及其同事发现，当参与者认为他们可能会受到电击时，与其他两种情况相比，他们握着爱人的手时，大脑的压力反应更低。）可知，实验设计了不同情况，最后比较的是在不同情况下大脑的压力反应。由此可以推断出多轮实验的目的是为了比较在不同情况下被试者大脑活动的情况。故选B项。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段的最后一句“These effects can be lng-lasting: adults, held a lt when they were babies, are the mst likely t be healthy and well-adjusted — in fact, the mre they were carried in babyhd, the better they adjust in adulthd.”（这些影响是长期的：婴儿时期被抱过的成年人可能会更加健康，调节能力会更好，而且，婴儿时期被抱得越多，成年时期的调节能力就越好。）可知，搂抱产生的影响持续的时间很长，婴儿时期被抱得越多，成年时期的调节能力就越好，所以作者会认可A项“应尽可能多抱抱婴儿”的观点。故选A项。
16．主旨大意题。本文第一段说明研究结论：来自信任的人的触碰及拉手对健康有积极的影响；第二、三段介绍了研究的过程和发现：牵着爱人的手可以减少紧张感；第四段为研究的其他发现：触碰对婴儿身心健康的长久影响。所以D项“触碰产生重大影响”最适合作为本文标题。故选D项。
Passage 5 （2022·青海海东·一模）
The latest vide f a grup f rbts dancing t the sng “D Yu Lve Me” has-been ppular n the Internet and received mre than 23 millin views during its first week.
The perfrmance shws tw Bstn Dynamics (an American technlgy cmpany) humanid rbts called Atlas, ding several dance mves—such as the twist, the mashed ptat and thers.
Speaking t The Assciated Press, Bstn Dynamics funder and chairman Marc Raibert admits the vide is fun t watch. But he said the real success behind the experiment was the valuable lessns the prject taught his team.
“It turned ut that we needed t imprve the rbts in the middle f develpment,” Raibert said. He said that step was necessary fr the rbts t be strng enugh and have enugh energy t d the whle perfrmance withut stpping. “S that was a real benefit t the design,” he added.
The difficulty f teaching rbts t dance als pushed Bstn Dynamics engineers t develp better ntin- prgramming tls. These tls helped the rbts d several things (balance, bunce and perfrm dance mves withut breaks).
Sme scial media users wh watched the vide cmmented that the rbts’ dancing was s similar t a human that they culd nt believe their eyes. Sme praised the rbts’ mves and the technlgy, Dwering them. Others suggested that what they were seeing was prbably cmputer-generated imagery(图像), r CGI.
But Raibert said it was all real, the result f lng and hard wrk, and fueled by a strng desire t Prgram a rbt that culd dance t the beat. “We wanted it t d human dancing and. when a human dances, the music has a beat and their whle bdy mves t it—their hands, their bdy, and their head.”
Raibert added: “It lked like the rbt was having fun and really mved with the music. And I think that had a lt t d with the result f the prductin.”
17．What has the success f dancing rbts brught t Raibert’s team?
A．The large prfit.B．The experts’ attentin.
C．The precius experience.D．The larger market.
18．Hw des the authr intrduce dancing rbts?
A．By making sme cmparisns.B．By listing sme figures.
C．By describing the perfrmances.D．By designing sme pwerful parts.
19．Which f the fllwing can best describe Raibert’s team?
A．The early bird catches the wrm. B．Dn’t judge a bk by its cver.
C．Lst years are wrse than lst dllars. D．Nthing is impssible if yu put yur heart int it.
20．What d Raibert’s wrds imply in the last paragraph?
A．The team has gained many awards. B．The team has a lng way t g.
C．The dancing rbts are ppular with peple. D．The dancing rbts have replaced the actrs.
【答案】
17．C 18．C 19．D 20．B
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国技术公司Bstn Dynamics最近走红的一群机器人跳舞的视频非常受人们喜爱，该公司创始人兼董事长马克·雷伯特认为实验背后的真正成功是该项目教给他的团队的宝贵经验。
17．细节理解题。根据第三段“But he said the real success behind the experiment was the valuable lessns the prject taught his team.(但他说，这项实验背后真正的成功是该项目教给他的团队的宝贵经验。)”可知，他认为真正的成功是这些宝贵的经验。故选C。
18．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“But Raibert said it was all real, the result f lng and hard wrk, and fueled by a strng desire t Prgram a rbt that culd dance t the beat. “We wanted it t d human dancing and. when a human dances, the music has a beat and their whle bdy mves t it—their hands, their bdy, and their head.”(但雷伯特说，这一切都是真实的，是长期艰苦工作的结果，是由一种强烈的愿望驱动的，即编写一个可以随着节奏跳舞的机器人。“我们想让它跳人类的舞蹈。当一个人跳舞时，音乐有一个节拍，他们的整个身体随之移动——他们的手、他们的身体和他们的头。”)”可推断，作者是通过描写机器人栩栩如生的表演来介绍跳舞机器人。故选C。
19．推理判断题。根据第五段“The difficulty f teaching rbts t dance als pushed Bstn Dynamics engineers t develp better ntin- prgramming tls.(教机器人跳舞的困难也促使波士顿动力公司的工程师开发出更好的概念编程工具。)”以及第七段“But Raibert said it was all real, the result f lng and hard wrk, and fueled by a strng desire t Prgram a rbt that culd dance t the beat.(但雷伯特说，这一切都是真实的，是长期艰苦工作的结果，是由一种强烈的愿望驱动的，即编写一个可以随着节奏跳舞的机器人。)”可知，为了制造出跳舞机器人，该团队付出了努力。选项A“The early bird catches the wrm. (早起的鸟儿有虫吃。)”；选项B“Dn’t judge a bk by its cver. (不要以貌取人)”；选项C“Lst years are wrse than lst dllars. (一寸光阴一寸金)”；选项D“Nthing is impssible if yu put yur heart int it. (世上无难事只怕有心人。)”。D选择项最能描述Raibert的团队。故选D。
20．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Raibert added: “It lked like the rbt was having fun and really mved with the music. And I think that had a lt t d with the result f the prductin.”(雷伯特补充说:“看起来机器人很开心，真的随着音乐而动。我认为这与这部电影的制作结果有很大关系。”)”可推断，其深层的意思是如果机器人能真正像人一样随音乐舞动，能表情达意，还有很长的一段路要走。故选B。
Passage 6 （2022·吉林吉林·模拟预测）
After figure skaters finish their prgrams, adring fans ften thrw gifts nt the ice. There have definitely been sme strange nes ver the years. Sasha Chen was nce given sweaters and Debi Thmas even gt a bx f pizza after her perfrmance at the 1987 wrld champinships.
Apart frm cards and clthing, the gifts are mstly stuffed animals（毛绒玩具）. Thugh it’s nt clear exactly hw r when this custm began, there are a cuple f factrs that help explain why they’re s ppular rather than flwers. One factr is that flwers, nce the g-t item t thrw at skaters, are messy. The “sweepers” — the kids wh skate arund cllecting all the gifts between each prgram — have a much easier time picking up stuffed animals than clear up every petal（花瓣）and leaf falling ff its flwer.
There’s n glbal ban n thrwing bunches f flwers, but rganizatins made attempts t discurage the practice in the past. In 1989, US Figure Skating banned arenas(竞技场) hsting natinal champinships frm selling flwers. And at the 2002 natinal champinships, the assciatin publicly prevented fans frm bringing flwers t the arena at all.
“Flwers have always been a prblem. Even when they’re wrapped, sme parts stick ut and becme a headache.” Larry Kriwanek, chairman f the event’s rganizing cmmittee, tld us. “Flwers were ging t be eliminated. It was just a questin f when.” Instead, fans culd buy stuffed animals inside the arena and shwer their favrite skaters with thse.
Stuffed animals als give supprters an pprtunity t chse presents that seem mre persnal. “We smetimes will get stuffed animals in custm-made cstumes t match what we’re wearing.” American ice dancer Meryl Davis, wh wn gld with partner Charlie White in 2014, tld us. It turns ut that skaters ften d take especially meaningful gifts hme with them.
21．Why des the writer mentin Sasha Chen and Debi Thmas in Paragraph 1?
A．T indicate they are tp figure skaters in the wrld. B．T shw figure skaters may get unusual gifts.
C．T tell readers hw much their fans like them. D．T explain what gifts are suitable fr figure skaters.
22．What was dne t stp thrwing flwers at figure skaters?
A．Punishing fans bringing flwers int arenas. B．Issuing a glbal ban n thrwing flwers.
C．Canceling a natinal game fr selling flwers. D．Keeping flwers ut f a certain arena.
23．Which f the fllwing has the similar meaning as “eliminated” in paragraph 4?
A．frbidden.B．grwn.C．allwed.D．rdered.
24．What des the last paragraph mainly talk abut?
A．Tips fr fans t chse suitable gifts. B．Meryl Davis’s advice n stuffed animals.
C．Advantages f stuffed animals as gifts. D．Gifts that figure skaters are fnd f.
【答案】
21．B 22．D 23．A 24．C
【解析】
本文为说明文，介绍了为什么毛绒玩具比鲜花更适合作为给花样滑冰运动员的礼物。
21．推理判断题。根据第一段中“There have definitely been sme strange nes ver the years. Sasha Chen was nce given sweaters and Debi Thmas even gt a bx f pizza after her perfrmance at the 1987 wrld champinships.”（这些年来肯定有一些奇怪的礼物。在1987年的世界锦标赛上，Sasha Chen获得了毛衣，Debi Thmas甚至得到了一盒披萨。） 可知，作者提及Sasha Che和Debi Thmas的目的是为了举例说明花滑运动员有时候会收到奇怪的礼物，故选B。
22．推理判断题。根据第三段中“And at the 2002 natinal champinships, the assciatin publicly prevented fans frm bringing flwers t the arena at all.”（在2002年的全国锦标赛上，该协会公开禁止球迷带鲜花到体育场。）可知，在2002年的全国锦标赛上，该协会公开禁止粉丝携带鲜花进入赛场。故D项正确。
23．词义猜测题。根据第四段“Flwers have always been a prblem. Even when they’re wrapped, sme parts stick ut and becme a headache.”（鲜花一直是个问题。即使把它们包裹起来，有些部分还是会突出来，让人头疼。）可知，鲜花是一个令人头疼的问题。根据第四段最后一句 “Instead, fans culd buy stuffed animals inside the arena and shwer their favrite skaters with thse.” （相反，粉丝们可以在场馆内购买毛绒玩具，让他们最喜欢的滑冰选手沐浴在毛绒玩具中) 可知，毛绒玩具代替了鲜花。因此，划线词与上一段中的discurage、ban和 prevent为近义词，A项frbidden意为“禁止”。故选A。
24．主旨大意题。根据最后一段中“Stuffed animals als give supprters an pprtunity t chse presents that seem mre persnal. ”（毛绒玩具也让支持者有机会选择看起来更私人的礼物。）可知，毛绒玩具让支持者有机会选择看起来更私人的礼物，甚至有时他们会让毛绒玩具穿上定制的服装，以匹配运动员的穿着。由此可见，本段主要介绍毛绒玩具作为礼物的优势与好处。故选C。
Passage 7 （2022·山东·济南市历城第二中学模拟预测）
The sunk cst effect is the nging investment f time, mney and effrt that an individual makes in any attempt, even if ratinally the results appear unprmising. When any individual has already made an investment f time, mney r effrt, it becmes difficult t withdraw frm the task. An errr f judgement ccurs when we fail t cut ur lsses—the sunk cst.
The simplest methd f beating this errr f judgement is t simply stp investing when it’s nt prducing results. As the age-ld prverb ges, ‘Why cry ver split milk?’ But we still can’t seem t d it ! Why?
Peple perceive the same amunt f lsses and gains in a different light. This means that the same amunt f lsses will hurt mre than an equal amunt f gain. Fr example, if a business is ging thrugh heavy lsses, ne must decide t either shut it dwn r cntinue. Shutting it dwn is a definite lss f mney, time and effrt. Peple becme risk-seeking when they are facing a definite lss. They will pump mre mney as a gamble t achieve a psitive utcme. If there is a psitive utcme and the business starts making a prfit, this has given them a higher utility( 效用) than simply making prfits frm the beginning. They managed t rise up frm a heavy lss, thereby giving higher satisfactin abut the decisin t cntinue investing.
We, hwever, will nt chse t hnr sunk csts n every ccasin. This is especially true in the case f insurance. Let’s say that yu have taken hme insurance and prbably never used it. Yu are nt ging t burn yur huse dwn just s yu can utilize yur huse insurance.
25．What des the underlined wrd “it” in paragraph 2 prbably refer t?
A．Crying ver split milk.B．Stpping investing.
C．Refusing judgement.D．Keeping finishing the task.
26．Which f the fllwing situatins may lead t sunk cst?
A．Ging n investing when yur sales are increasing.
B．Breaking up with thse wh aren’t interested in yu.
C．Cntinuing eating rdered fd even if it tastes bad.
D．Keeping n wrking ut when yu’re a little thinner.
27．What might be the main cause f sunk effect?
A．Fear f lss and expectatin fr better.B．Spirit f adventure and unwise decisin.
C．Endless desire and ambitin.D．Psitive attitude and behavir.
28．Why is “huse insurance” mentined in the last paragraph?
A．T describe.B．T persuade.C．T argue.D．T explain.
【答案】
25．B 26．C 27．A 28．D
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。主要说明了“沉没成本效应”在我们实际生活中的体现。
25．词句猜测题。根据第二段的“The simplest methd f beating this errr f judgement is t simply stp investing when it’s nt prducing results. As the age-ld prverb ges, ‘Why cry ver split milk?’(克服这种判断错误的最简单的方法就是在没有结果的时候停止投资。正如那句古老的谚语所说:“牛奶洒了，何必哭呢？”)”，这里的it指的是 “Stpping investing”，故选B。
26．推理判断题。根据第一段的“The sunk cst effect is the nging investment f time, mney and effrt that an individual makes in any attempt, even if ratinally the results appear unprmising. When any individual has already made an investment f time, mney r effrt, it becmes difficult t withdraw frm the task. An errr f judgement ccurs when we fail t cut ur lsses—the sunk cst.(沉没成本效应是指个人在任何尝试中持续投入的时间、金钱和努力，即使从理性上看结果似乎不太理想。当个人已经投入了时间、金钱或精力时，就很难从任务中抽身。当我们无法减少损失，即沉没成本时，就会出现判断失误。)”可知，A选项“即使食物味道并不好，但依然继续吃自己点的食物”符合题意，故选C。
27．推理判断题。由第三段的“Peple becme risk-seeking when they are facing a definite lss. They will pump mre mney as a gamble t achieve a psitive utcme.(当人们面临明确的损失时，他们就会变得冒险。他们将投入更多的资金作为一种赌博，以获得积极的结果。)”可知，沉没效应的主要原因可能是害怕失去，期待更好。故选A。
28．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“We, hwever, will nt chse t hnr sunk csts n every ccasin. This is especially true in the case f insurance.(然而，我们不会选择在任何场合都尊重沉没成本。在保险业中尤其如此。)”可知，提及“家庭保险”是为了进一步解释说明“我们不会在任何情况下都考虑沉没成本”，故选D。
Passage 8 （2022·上海杨浦·二模）
I fell in lve with the minister’s sn the winter I turned furteen. He was nt Chinese. When I fund ut that my parents had invited the minister’s family ver fr Christmas Eve dinner, I cried. What wuld Rbert think f ur shabby Chinese Christmas? What wuld he think f ur nisy Chinese relatives wh lacked prper American manners? What terrible disappintment wuld he feel upn seeing nt a rasted turkey and sweet ptates but Chinese fd?
On Christmas Eve I saw that my mther had utdne herself in creating a strange menu. She was pulling back lines ut f the backs f fleshy prawns. The kitchen was littered with piles f raw fd: a fish with bulging eyes begging nt t be thrwn int a pan f ht il, a bwl f saking dried fungus back t life, a plate f squids whse backs were crisscrssed with knife markings s they resembled bicycle tires.
And then they arrived — the minister’s family and all my relatives. Rbert said hell, and I pretended he was nt wrthy f existence. Dinner threw me deeper int despair. My relatives licked the ends f their chpsticks and reached acrss the table, dipping them int the dzen r s plates f fd. Rbert and his family waited patiently fr plates t be passed t them. My relatives whispered with pleasure when my mther brught ut the whle steamed fish. Rbert made faces. Then my father pked his chpsticks just belw the fish eye and pulled ut the sft meat. “Amy, yur favurite,” he said, ffering me the tender fish cheek. I wanted t disappear. I remained silent fr the rest f the night.
After everyne had gne, my mther said t me, “Yu want t be the same as American girls n the utside. But inside yu must always be Chinese. Yu must be prud yu are different. Yur nly shame is t have shame.”
29．The writer felt ________ upn knwing that the minister’s family had been invited ver fr Christmas Eve dinner.
A．excitedB．wrriedC．disappintedD．cnfused
30．In the secnd paragraph, the writer described the kitchen scene in such a way as t ________.
A．paint a vivid picture f hw busy her mther was
B．explain the reasn why her mther created such a menu
C．supprt the claim that the Christmas menu was strange
D．intrduce the typical Chinese dishes served n Christmas Eve
31．What can be inferred abut the writer based n what happened during the dinner?
A．She suffered greatly during the dinner.B．She hated eating the fish cheek belw the eye.
C．She regretted nt talking mre with Rbert.D．She was picky abut the Christmas menu.
32．Why did the writer’s mther have a talk with her that night?
A．T infrm her f the cultural gap between the east and the west.
B．T share her understanding f the wrd “shame”.
C．T encurage her t becme integrated int the lcal cmmunity.
D．T urge her t be prud f her Chinese rts.
【答案】
29．B 30．C 31．A 32．D
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者十四岁那年的冬天，爱上了牧师的儿子。结果父母邀请了牧师一家来吃平安夜晚餐，作者为自己的亲戚在晚餐时的表现感到羞耻，最后母亲和作者谈话，鼓励作者为自己身为中国人感到骄傲。
29．推理判断题。根据第一段中“When I fund ut that my parents had invited the minister’s family ver fr Christmas Eve dinner, I cried. What wuld Rbert think f ur shabby Chinese Christmas? What wuld he think f ur nisy Chinese relatives wh lacked prper American manners? What terrible disappintment wuld he feel upn seeing nt a rasted turkey and sweet ptates but Chinese fd?(当我发现我的父母邀请牧师一家来吃平安夜晚餐时，我哭了。罗伯特会怎么看我们简陋的中国式圣诞节呢？他会怎么看我们那些吵闹而又缺乏美国礼仪的中国亲戚呢？如果他看到的不是烤火鸡和红薯，而是中国菜，他会感到多么可怕的失望？)”可推知，得知牧师一家被邀请来吃平安夜晚餐，作者感到很担心。故选B。
30．推理判断题。根据第二段中“On Christmas Eve I saw that my mther had utdne herself in creating a strange menu.(在圣诞节前夕，我发现母亲超出了自己的能力，做了一份奇怪的菜单)”可推知，在第二段中，作者以这样一种方式描述了厨房的场景，以支持圣诞菜单很奇怪的说法。故选C。
31．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“I wanted t disappear. I remained silent fr the rest f the night.(我想消失。那天晚上剩下的时间，我一言不发)”可推知，晚餐期间，作者吃饭时很痛苦。故选A。
32．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Yu must be prud yu are different. Yur nly shame is t have shame.(你一定为自己的与众不同而自豪。你唯一的羞耻就是有羞耻)”可知，作家的母亲那天晚上和她谈话是为了鼓励她为自己的中国根感到骄傲。故选D。
Passage 9 （2022·上海奉贤·二模）
It’s n surprise that Jennifer Senir’s insightful magazine cver stry “I lve My Children, I Hate My Life” is arusing much chatter – nthing gets peple talking like the suggestin that bringing up a child is nt a cmpletely fulfilling, life-enriching experience. Rather than cncluding that children make parents either happy r miserable, Senir suggests we need t redefine happiness: instead f thinking f it as smething that can be measured by mment-t-mment jy, we shuld cnsider being happy as a past-tense cnditin. Even thugh the day-t-day experience f raising kids can be extremely hard, Senir writes that “the very things that in the mment damage ur mds can later be surces f intense cntent and delight.”
The magazine cver shwing an attractive mther hlding a cute baby is hardly the nly Madnna-and-child image n newsstands this week. There are als stries abut newly adptive – and newly single – mm Sandra Bullck, as well as the usual “Jennifer Anistn is pregnant” news. Practically every week features at least ne celebrity mm, r mm-t-be, smiling n the newsstands.
In a sciety that s persistently celebrates prcreatin (繁衍), is it any wnder that admitting yu regret having children is equivalent t admitting yu supprt kitten-killing? It desn’t seem quite fair, then, t cmpare the regrets f parents t the regrets f the children. Unhappy parents rarely are encuraged t wnder if they shuldn’t have had kids, but unhappy childless flks are bthered with the message that children are the single mst imprtant thing in the wrld: bviusly their misery must be a direct result f the wide-pen baby-size hles in their lives.
Of curse, the image f parenthd that celebrity magazines like US Weekly and Peple present is hugely unrealistic, especially when the parents are single mthers like Bullck. Accrding t several studies cncluding that parents are less happy than childless cuples, single parents are the least happy f all. N shck there, cnsidering hw much wrk it is t raise a kid withut a partner t lean n; yet t hear celebrities tell it, raising a kid n their “wn” (read: with rund-the-clck help) is a piece f cake.
It is hard t imagine that many peple are stupid enugh t want children because it lks s fantastic — mst adults understand that a baby is nt a haircut. But it is interesting t wnder if the images we see every week f stress-free, happiness-enhancing parenthd aren’t in sme small, subcnscius way cntributing t ur wn dissatisfactins with the actual experience, in the same way that a small part f us hped getting a part f the way celebrities live might make us lk just a little bit like them.
33．Jennifer Senir suggests in her article that raising a child can bring ________.
A．very temprary delight B．great enjyment in prgress
C．happiness in ne’s memry D．cncern ver lve and hatred
34．Paragraph 2 is intended t shw that ________.
A．celebrity mms are a permanent surce fr gssip.
B．single mthers with babies deserve greater attentin.
C．news abut pregnant celebrities is entertaining.
D．having children is highly valued by the public.
35．Accrding t the passage, thse childless flks________.
A．are less likely t be satisfied with their life B．are largely ignred by the media.
C．fail t fulfill their scial respnsibilities. D．are cnstantly expsed t criticism.
36．Which f the fllwing can be inferred frm the last paragraph?
A．Having children cntributes little t the glamur f celebrity mms.
B．Celebrity mms have influenced ur attitude twards child raising.
C．Having children intensifies ur dissatisfactin with life.
D．We smetimes neglect the happiness frm child raising.
【答案】
33．C 34．D 35．D 36．B
【解析】
本文是一篇议论文，主要论述的是抚养孩子和幸福的关系。
33．细节理解题。根据第一段的“Senir suggests we need t redefine happiness: instead f thinking f it as smething that can be measured by mment-t-mment jy, we shuld cnsider being happy as a past-tense cnditinEven thugh the day-t-day experience f raising kids can be extremely hard, Senir writes that “the very things that in the mment damage ur mds can later be surces f intense cntent and delight.”.(Senir建议，我们需要重新定义幸福，而不是认为孩子让父母快乐或痛苦。我们不应该认为幸福是可以用每时每刻的快乐来衡量的，而应该把幸福视为一种过去式的状态。尽管抚养孩子的日子漫长难熬，令人筋疲力尽，但Senir写道:“正是那些心绪沉重的时刻，日后可能会成为我们快乐的来源。)”可知，Jennifer Senir在她的文章中建议抚养孩子可以带来记忆中的幸福，故选C。
34．主旨大意题。根据第二段的“The magazine cver shwing an attractive mther hlding a cute baby is hardly the nly Madnna-and-child image n newsstands this week. There are als stries abut newly adptive – and newly single – mm Sandra Bullck, as well as the usual “Jennifer Anistn is pregnant” news. Practically every week features at least ne celebrity mm, r mm-t-be, smiling n the newsstands.(在杂志封面上，一位迷人的母亲抱着一个可爱的婴儿，这并不是本周报摊上唯一一张麦当娜和孩子的照片。此外，还有关于刚当上养母和单身母亲的桑德拉·布洛克的故事，以及常见的“詹妮弗·安妮斯顿怀孕了”的新闻。实际上，每周至少有一位明星妈妈或准妈妈在报摊上微笑。)”可知，本段主要展示的是公众非常重视生孩子。故选D。
35．推理判断题。根据第三段的“unhappy childless flks are bthered with the message that children are the single mst imprtant thing in the wrld: bviusly their misery must be a direct result f the wide-pen baby-size hles in their lives(不但是那不幸福的没有孩子的人却为类似这样的信息所困扰：“孩子是世上唯一最可珍惜的东西”，显然，你们的不幸必须通过生儿育女才能得以消除。)”可知，那些没有孩子的人经常受到批评。故选D。
36．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“ But it is interesting t wnder if the images we see every week f stress-free, happiness-enhancing parenthd aren’t in sme small, subcnscius way cntributing t ur wn dissatisfactins with the actual experience, in the same way that a small part f us hped getting a part f the way celebrities live might make us lk just a little bit like them.(但有趣的是，我们想知道，我们每周看到的无压力、提高幸福感的父母形象，是否在某种微小的、潜意识的方式导致了我们对实际体验的不满，就像我们中有一小部分人希望了解名人的生活方式，可能会让我们看起来有点像他们)”可知，从最后一段可以推断出明星妈妈影响了我们对抚养孩子的态度。故选B。
Passage 10 （2022·上海松江·二模）
During the mst islating wrldwide pandemic in a century, it’s time t take a clser lk at what may result in lneliness.
As a grup, humans develp being arund thers, but hw much and what kind f cntact each persn needs t feel part f a cmmunity varies amng individuals as well as ver ne persn’s stage f life. “A cmmn belief is that the lneliest peple are thse wh are alne; actually, it’s imprtant t separate the tw,” said Dr. Perissintt, a prfessr f medicine at the University f Califrnia. “Kids with their families can be lnely because they can’t see the friends at schl; peple wh are nt physically islated can feel lnely because the cmmunity desn’t welcme them in; and lder adults can experience lneliness thrugh retirement r death f a lved ne.” What leads t lneliness is much deeper than being alne.
With the pandemic exacerbating lneliness issues, an increasing number f health prfessinals are cncerned abut the mental and physical health risks assciated with the feeling—like depressin and early death, accrding t the US Centers fr Disease Cntrl and Preventin. That’s why, experts say, it’s als time t lk mre clsely at what we can d abut lneliness.
“When it cmes t fighting lneliness, the key is nt lking at circumstances and assuming what feelings shuld be assciated with it, but actually asking yurself if yu are lnely,” Perissintt said. “If yur slitude (独处) is a chice and yu have peple wh can supprt yu if yu need help, there is n saying yu can’t live a happy life.” And just as slitude desn’t necessarily equal lneliness, interactin desn’t mean fulfilment fr everyne, accrding t Hawkley, a principal research scientist at the University f Chicag. “Peple can be arund thers and feel lnely anyway r they can be pretty much single suls and nt be lnely,” Hawkley pinted ut.
Hawkley divides cnnectins int three primary types and hlds that lneliness can stem frm the sensing f a lack f any f them. “The first type happens when smene like a spuse is s clse t yu that part f yur identity becmes clsely cnnected with his r hers. Then there is the secnd type, which yu establish with yur clse friends, as well as the third type—thse interactins that make yu feel part f a cmmunity.”
It is suggested that ne identify what kind f lss f cnnectin his lneliness is cming frm and then evaluate the quality f his varius relatinships. Identifying the kind f cnnectin that ne is lnging fr and the quality f the relatinships he already has are imprtant first steps, but where ne ges frm there depends entirely n his specific cntext.
37．Accrding t the passage, Perissintt prbably agrees that ________.
A．peple wh live alne are much mre likely t feel lnely
B．asking smene if he’s lnely desn’t help fight lneliness
C．thse chsing t be alne d nt necessarily feel unhappy
D．death f lved nes is the main cause f peple’s lneliness
38．The wrd exacerbating in paragraph 3 mst prbably means ________.
A．wrseningB．explringC．cnfusingD．addressing
39．What can we cnclude frm the last tw paragraphs?
A．There’re n bvius cnnectins amng three different types f lneliness.
B．Hawkley hlds that peple lacking ne f the three cnnectins feel lnely.
C．Recgnizing ne’s missing cnnectin is helpful in dealing with lneliness.
D．The quality f ne’s relatinships is nt s imprtant as his specific cntext.
40．What is the passage mainly abut?
A．Differences between being alne and lnely.
B．Causes f lneliness and ways t deal with it.
C．Effects f a pandemic n peple’s way f keeping cnnected.
D．Reasns fr peple’s lneliness and imprtance f fighting it.
【答案】
37．C 38．A 39．C 40．B
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述在流行病期间导致孤独的原因以及解决方式。
37．推理判断题。根据第四段中Perissintt所说的 “If yur slitude (独处) is a chice and yu have peple wh can supprt yu if yu need help, there is n saying yu can’t live a happy life.”（如果你选择独处，且你有可以支持你的朋友，那么没有人会说你不能过上幸福的生活。）可知，一个选择独处也可以过上幸福的生活。故选C。
38．词义猜测题。根据第三段“With the pandemic exacerbating lneliness issues, an increasing number f health prfessinals are cncerned abut the mental and physical health risks assciated with the feeling—like depressin and early death”（随着这种流行病exacerbating了孤独问题，越来越多的卫生专业人员担心与抑郁和早逝相关的心理和身体健康风险）可推断，流行病使得孤独问题更加严重，才引起了越来越多专家的关注。故“exacerbating”指“加剧”，与“wrsening”同义。故选A。
39．推理判断题。根据第五段“It is suggested that ne identify what kind f lss f cnnectin his lneliness is cming frm and then evaluate the quality f his varius relatinships. Identifying the kind f cnnectin that ne is lnging fr and the quality f the relatinships he already has are imprtant first steps, but where ne ges frm there depends entirely n his specific cntext.”（有人建议，一个人应该确定自己的孤独感是从什么样的联系缺失中产生的，然后评估自己各种关系的质量。确定一个人所渴望的关系类型和他已经拥有的关系的质量是重要的第一步，但这完全取决于他所处的特定环境。）可知，此段主要描写要确定自己因为缺乏哪种关系而导致孤独。因此，从最后两段可知，确定自己缺乏哪一种关系能够更好地应对孤独。故选C。
40．主旨大意题。根据第一段“During the mst islating wrldwide pandemic in a century, it’s time t take a clser lk at what may result in lneliness.”（在一个世纪以来世界范围内最孤立的流行病期间，是时候仔细看看什么可能导致孤独了。）以及上一题的解析可知，文章主要讲述导致孤独的原因以及应对方式。故选B。
新高考卷
全国卷
2022
2021
2022
2021
卷I
卷II
卷I
卷II
乙卷
甲卷
乙卷
甲卷
细节理解题
6
7
8
8
8
8
6
5
推理判断题
7
5
5
5
5
3
6
8
词义猜测题
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
主旨大意题
1
1
1
1
1
3
2
1