专题六 阅读理解 体裁02 记叙文（教师版+学生版）---高考英语精选考点专项突破

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高考阅读理解体裁纷繁多样，但每套试卷通常包含一到两篇记叙文。在所有的阅读体裁中，记叙文的难度相对是比较低的。如果掌握了阅读的技巧，多多实践，阅读能力就有可能大大提高。
要熟练掌握记叙文的阅读技巧，了解记叙文的写作特点与命题特点也是有必要的。
一、记叙文写作特点
记叙文是一种记载和叙述事件由来，描绘事物和人物情景状态、过程及发展的文体。消息、通讯、传记、游记、小说、童话、寓言以及记叙性的散文等文体，都属于记叙文的范畴。
就写作顺序而言，记叙文要么是按时间顺序，要么是按事件的重要性的顺序来展开。不管是哪种叙述方法，最后经常会有一两句话抒发作者的情绪与感悟，这是记叙文的精华所在，也是阅读的难点所在，可谓＂一篇之妙，在于落句＂。
二、记叙文命题特点
从命题形式上看，常见的有细节理解、词义猜测、主旨大意、推理判断、作者意图等题型。除了推论或词义辨识题，记叙文命题的顺序一般都会按照文章的脉络和故事发展的顺序层层推进，否则就会觉得别扭，逻辑不通。同时，记叙文需要事件的发展过程作支撑，一半以上的题目都会用来检测考生对故事的了解，因此，我们必须弄明白整件事情的发展脉络。而其余像主旨大意、作者意图之类的题目，则取决于文章的落句，集中考查对作者所发的感触的理解。总之，细节题是记叙文命题的主流题型。而寓意之类的题则是高一层次的题，有一定的难度和区分度，它们是拉开距离的题，答对了这些题，你才有可能成功地跻身高分之列。综上所述，记叙文的应对策略即：不漏细节，奠定基础；把准寓意，方能成功。
三、记叙文答题技巧
一把钥匙开一把锁。要解答好记叙文阅读理解题，就应该有一套针对性强的方法和技巧。下面是我们在阅读教学中积累下来的一点心得体会，希望能对大家有所帮助。
N.1 顺藤摸瓜
记叙文中有大量的事件发展过程中的细节，包括记叙文的5W（what, wh, when, where, why）要素。因此我们作答细节题的时候，就没有那么复杂，一般只需要由前到后，从上到下，一题一题地做就可以了。
N.2 左顾右盼
在做题过程中，我们大都不能在文中找到与题干一字不差的词语或句子。这时我们需要认真研究问题，抓住题干中的关键词语，然后到文中准确地找到与之相关的语句，或是疑似语句的位置，接着去左顾，或右盼，在前句或后句寻找线索。
N.3 刨根问底
如前所述，主旨大意题或推理判断、作者意图题等实际上是同一类型的问题，或者说是可用同种方法解答的题型。在解答此类题目的时候，不可被题干的表象所迷惑，要像剥洋葱一样，一层一层地剥；在四个可选项中，一个一个地去证实，去排除。特别是解答推论或暗指类的题目，比如＂What can be inferred frm …?＂或是What des the authr imply in…?＂之类的题目，文中所陈述的往往不是答案。我们要在文前文后去查找，在字里行间里去寻觅。有时还少不了借助自己的生活经验和常理来体会这言外之意。
N.4 拨云见日
每年的高考阅读题中，特别是记叙文的阅读题，都会出现一至两道词义猜测题。而这些词汇往往是你素昧平生的，或者和你有点头之交，在文中却另有新意的，总之，猜的是那些在高考词汇表要求之外的词汇。小小的一个词，一个短语，考核的不是你的语法的熟练程度，也不是你的记忆力，而是你对文章通篇或者一个段落的整体把握和变通能力。
这时，你不仅需要＂左顾右盼＂，还需要在几句话，一个段落，乃至整篇文章的字里行间中快速搜寻，看看前面、后面都发生了些什么；反复琢磨人物、事物，或者人物与事物之间的内在联系，才可能在最后拨开团团迷雾，从四个选项中选出正确答案。
Passage 1
（2022·全国新高考II卷）We jurnalists live in a new age f strytelling, with many new multimedia tls. Many yung peple dn’t even realize it’s new. Fr them, it’s just nrmal.
This hit hme fr me as I was sitting with my 2-year-ld grandsn n a sfa ver the Spring Festival hliday. I had brught a children’s bk t read. It had simple wrds and clrful pictures — a perfect match fr his age.
Picture this: my grandsn sitting n my lap as I hld the bk in frnt s he can see the pictures. As I read, he reaches ut and pkes (戳) the page with his finger.
What’s up with that? He just likes the pictures, I thught. Then I turned the page and cntinued. He pked the page even harder. I nearly drpped the bk. I was cnfused: Is there smething wrng with this kid?
Then I realized what was happening. He was actually a stranger t bks. His father frequently amused the by with a tablet cmputer which was laded with clrful pictures that cme alive when yu pke them. He thught my strybk was like that.
Srry, kid. This bk is nt part f yur high-tech wrld. It’s an utdated, lifeless thing. An antique, like yur grandfather. Well, I may be ld, but I’m nt hpelessly challenged, digitally speaking. I edit vide and prduce audi. I use mbile payment. I’ve even built websites.
There’s ne ntable gap in my new-media experience, hwever: I’ve spent little time in frnt f a camera, since I have a face made fr radi. But that didn’t stp China Daily frm asking me last week t share a persnal stry fr a vide prject abut the integratin f Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei prvince.
Anyway, grandpa is nw an internet star — tw minutes f fame! I prmise nt t let it g t my head. But I will make sure my 2-year-ld grandsn sees it n his tablet.
24．What d the underlined wrds “hit hme fr me” mean in paragraph 2?
A．Prvided shelter fr me.B．Became very clear t me.
C．Tk the pressure ff me.D．Wrked quite well n me.
25．Why did the kid pke the strybk?
A．He tk it fr a tablet cmputer.B．He disliked the clrful pictures.
C．He was angry with his grandpa.D．He wanted t read it by himself.
26．What des the authr think f himself?
A．Scially ambitius.B．Physically attractive.
C．Financially independent.D．Digitally cmpetent.
27．What can we learn abut the authr as a jurnalist?
A．He lacks experience in his jb.B．He seldm appears n televisin.
C．He manages a vide department.D．He ften interviews internet stars.
【答案】
24．B 25．A 26．D 27．B
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者曾经是一名记者，在春节期间，作者给孙子拿了一本儿童读物，孙子却以为是平板电脑，不停地戳书。
24．词句猜测题。根据第一段“We jurnalists live in a new age f strytelling, with many new multimedia tls. Many yung peple dn’t even realize it’s new. Fr them, it’s just nrmal.”以及画线词后文“as I was sitting with my 2-year-ld grandsn n a sfa ver the Spring Festival hliday.”可知，作者是记者，生活在一个讲故事的新时代，有许多新的多媒体工具。许多年轻人甚至没有意识到它是新的。对他们来说，这很正常。而这在春节假期，作者和两岁的孙子坐在沙发上，尤其清楚认识到了这一点。故画线词意思是“我很清楚”。故选B。
25．细节理解题。根据第五段中“He was actually a stranger t bks. His father frequently amused the by with a tablet cmputer which was laded with clrful pictures that cme alive when yu pke them. He thught my strybk was like that.(事实上，他对书本并不熟悉。他的父亲经常用一台装有彩色图片的平板电脑逗他开心，当你戳它们的时候，这些图片就会变得栩栩如生。他认为我的故事书就是那样的)”可知，那孩子戳故事书是因为他把它当成了平板电脑。故选A。
26．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“Well, I may be ld, but I’m nt hpelessly challenged, digitally speaking. I edit vide and prduce audi. I use mbile payment. I’ve even built websites. (我可能老了，但从数字角度来说，我还没有毫无希望的挑战。我编辑视频，制作音频。我用移动支付。我甚至建立了网站)”可知，作者认为自己懂数码技术。故选D。
27．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“There’s ne ntable gap in my new-media experience, hwever: I’ve spent little time in frnt f a camera, since I have a face made fr radi.(然而，在我的新媒体体验中有一个明显的差距：我很少在镜头前呆着，因为我的脸是为电台而生的)”可知，作者作为记者他很少上电视。故选B。
Passage 2
（2021·全国高考甲卷）When I was 9, we packed up ur hme in Ls Angeles and arrived at Heathrw, Lndn n a gray January mrning. Everyne in the family settled quickly int the city except me. Withut my belved beaches and endless blue—sky days, I felt at a lss and ut f place. Until I made a discvery.
Suthbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center f British skatebarding, where the cntinuus crashing f skatebards left yur head ringing .I lved it. I sn made friends with the lcal skaters. We spke ur wn language. And my favrite: Safe. Safe meant cl. It meant hell. It meant dn't wrry abut it. Once, when trying a certain trick n the beam（横杆）, I fell nt the stnes, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Tby came ver, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their bards lud, shuting: “ Safe! Safe! Safe!” And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a gd skater.
When I was 15, my family mved t Washingtn. I tried skatebarding there, but the lcals were far less welcming. Within a cuple f years, I'd given it up.
When I returned t Lndn in 2004, I fund myself wandering dwn t Suthbank, spending hurs there. I've traveled back several times since, mst recently this past spring. The day was cld but clear: turists and Lndners stpped t watch the skaters. Weaving（穿梭）amng the kids wh rushed by n their bards, I fund my way t the beam. Then a rail—thin teenager, in a baggy white T—shirt, skidded（滑）up t the beam. He sat next t me. He seemed nt t ntice the man next t him. But sn I caught a few f his glances. “I was a lcal here 20 years ag,” I tld him. Then, slwly, he began t nd his head. “Safe, man. Safe.”
“Yeah,” I said. “Safe.”
28．What can we learn abut the authr sn after he mved t Lndn?
A．He felt disappinted.B．He gave up his hbby.
C．He liked the weather there.D．He had disagreements with his family.
29．What d the underlined wrds “Safe! Safe! Safe!” prbably mean?
A．Be careful!B．Well dne!C．N way!D．Dn't wrry!
30．Why did the authr like t spend time in Suthbank when he returned t Lndn?
A．T jin the skatebarding.B．T make new friends.
C．T learn mre tricks.D．T relive his childhd days
31．What message des the authr seem t cnvey in the text?
A．Children shuld learn a secnd language. B．Sprt is necessary fr children's health.
C．Children need a sense f belnging D．Seeing the wrld is a must fr children.
【答案】
28．A 29．B 30．D 31．C
【解析】
本文属于记叙文。本文讲述作者自己的经历，起初搬到伦敦很不适应，但是由于找到了玩滑板的地方，结识了玩滑板的朋友，因此很好的适应了。作者回到伦敦之后，经常去之前玩滑板的地方寻找自己的回忆，在与一个玩滑板的孩子打招呼的时候，终于找到了自己久违的熟悉感。
28．推理判断题。根据第一段“Everyne in the family settled quickly int the city except me. Withut my belved beaches and endless blue -sky days, I felt at a lss and ut f place.(除了我之外的家里人都很快适应这个城市，没有了我喜爱的沙滩和蓝天，我感到迷茫和无措)”可知，作者刚到伦敦的时候因为没有喜爱的沙滩，不能很好的融入到新的城市，感到很沮丧，故选A。
29．词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a gd skater. (那才是真正重要的——滑板的落地技巧掌握了才是一名好的滑板玩家)”可知，作者掌握了滑板落地技巧，因此他的朋友大声欢呼，因此可以推出本句的Safe是赞美的含义，结合选项，故选B。
30．推理判断题。根据第四段““I was a lcal here 20 years ag," I tld him. Then, slwly, he began t nd his head. “Safe, man. Safe.””(我告诉他：“我20年前经常在这里玩滑板，”他缓慢地开始向我点头：“嗨，你好！”)”可推知，作者去Suthbank这个地方是为了寻找自己玩滑板的回忆，故选D。
31．推理判断题。根据全文可知，作者起初搬到伦敦很不适应，但是由于找到了玩滑板的地方，结识了玩滑板的朋友，因此很好的适应了。但是搬去华盛顿，因为没有遇到很好的玩滑板的朋友，几年之后就不再玩滑板，作者回到伦敦之后，经常去之前玩滑板的地方寻找自己的回忆，在于一个孩子打招呼的时候，终于找到了自己久违的回忆。通过作者的经历，作者要表达的是，归属感对于孩子是很重要的，故选C。
Passage 3
（2021·全国新高考I卷）I have wrked as a keeper at the Natinal Z, Paris fr 11 years. Spt and Stripe are the first tiger cubs that have ever been brn here. Glbally, a third f Sumatran cubs in zs dn't make it t adulthd, s I decided t give them rund-the-clck care at hme.
I've gt tw children—the yunger ne, Kynan, was extremely happy abut the tigers arriving - but all f us really lked frward t being part f their lives and watching them grw. I wasn't wrried abut bringing them int my hme with my wife and kids. These were cubs. They weighed abut 2.5 kg and were s small that there was abslutely n risk.
As they grew mre mbile, we let them mve freely arund the huse during the day, but when we were asleep we had t cntain them in a large rm, therwise they'd get up t mischief. We'd cme dwn in the mrning t find they'd turned the rm upside dwn, and left it lking like a z.
Things quickly gt very intense due t the huge amunt f energy required t lk after them. There were sme tugh times and I just felt extremely tired. I was grateful that my family was there t help. We had t have a bit f a prductin line ging, making up “tiger milk”, washing baby bttles, and cleaning the flrs.
When Spt and Stripe were fur mnths ld, they were learning hw t pen drs and jump fences, and we knew it really was time fr them t g. It was hard fr us t finally part with them. Fr the first few days, Kynan was always a bit disappinted that the cubs weren't there.
I'm nt sad abut it. I'm hands-n with them every day at the z, and I d lk back very fndly n the time that we had them.
24．Why did the authr bring the tiger cubs hme?
A．T ensure their survival.B．T bserve their differences.
C．T teach them life skills.D．T let them play with his kids.
25．What d the underlined wrds “get up t mischief” mean in paragraph 3?
A．Behave badly.B．Lse their way.C．Sleep sundly.D．Miss their mm.
26．What did the authr think f raising the tiger cubs at hme?
A．Bring.B．Tiring.C．Cstly.D．Risky.
27．Why did the authr decide t send Spt and Stripe back t the z?
A．They frightened the children.B．They became difficult t cntain.
C．They annyed the neighburs.D．They started fighting each ther.
【答案】
24．A 25．A 26．B 27．B
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者为了保证两只老虎幼崽的存活，决定在家里全天候照顾它们。介绍了老虎在作者家生活的情况以及作者照顾老虎的感受。
24．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Glbally, a third f Sumatran cubs in zs dn't make it t adulthd, s I decided t give them rund-the-clck care at hme. (在全球范围内，动物园里三分之一的苏门答腊老虎幼崽活不到成年，所以我决定在家里全天候照顾它们)”可知，作者把老虎幼崽带回家是为了确保他们的存活。故选A。
25．词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“As they grew mre mbile, we let them mve freely arund the huse during the day, but when we were asleep we had t cntain them in a large rm, therwise they'd ”（随着它们的活动越来越多，我们白天让它们在房子里自由活动，但当我们睡觉时，我们必须把它们关在一个大房间里，否则它们会）以及后文“We'd cme dwn in the mrning t find they'd turned the rm upside dwn, and left it lking like a z.”（我们早上下楼时发现他们把房间弄得乱七八糟，让它看起来像个动物园。）可知，作者不得不把老虎们关在一个大房间里，否则它们就会调皮捣蛋，表现不好。早上下楼时发现他们把房间弄得乱七八糟，看起来像个动物园。故画线词意思是“表现不好”。故选A。
26．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中“Things quickly gt very intense due t the huge amunt f energy required t lk after them. There were sme tugh times and I just felt extremely tired.(由于需要大量的精力来照顾它们，事情很快变得非常紧张。有一段艰难的日子，我只是觉得非常累)”可推知，作者认为在家里养小老虎累人。故选B。
27．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“When Spt and Stripe were fur mnths ld, they were learning hw t pen drs and jump fences, and we knew it really was time fr them t g.(当Spt和Stripe四个月大的时候，他们正在学习如何开门和跳栅栏，我们知道是时候让他们离开了)”可知，作者决定把Spt 和Stripe送回动物园是因为他们变得难以控制。故选B。
Passage 4
（2021·全国新高考II卷）A British wman wh wn a S1 millin prize after she was named the Wrld's Best Teacher will use the cash t bring inspiratinal figures int UK schls.
Andria Zafiraku,a nrth Lndn secndary schl teacher, said she wanted t bring abut a classrm revlutin (变革). “We are ging t make a change, ”she said.“I’ve started a prject t prmte the teaching f the arts in ur schls.”
The prject results frm the difficulties many schls have in getting artists f any srt - whether an up-and-cming lcal musician r a majr mvie star - int schls t wrk with and inspire children.
Zafiraku began the prject at Alpertn Cmmunity Schl, her place f wrk fr the past twelve years. “I've seen thse magic mments when children are talking t smene they are inspired by - their eyes are shining and their faces light up,” she said. “We need artists . mre than ever in ur schls."
Artist Michael Craig-Martin said: “Andria's brilliant prject t bring artists frm all fields int direct cntact with children is particularly welcme at a time when the arts are being dwngraded in schls." It was a mistake t see the arts as unnecessary, he added.
Histrian Sir Simn Schama is als a supprter f the prject. He said that arts educatin in schls was nt just an add-n. “It is abslutely necessary. The future depends n creativity and creativity depends n the yung. What will remain f us when artificial intelligence takes ver will be ur creativity, and it is ur creative spirit, ur visinary sense f freshness,that has been ur strength fr centuries."
28．What will Zafiraku d with her prize mney?
A．Make a mvie.B．Build new schls.
C．Run a prject.D．Help lcal musicians.
29．What des Craig-Martin think f the teaching f the arts in UK schls?
A．It is particularly difficult.B．It increases artists' incme.
C．It pens children's mind.D．It deserves greater attentin.
30．What shuld be stressed in schl educatin accrding t Schama?
A．Mral principles.B．Interpersnal skills.
C．Creative abilities.D．Psitive wrldviews.
31．Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
A．Bring Artists t SchlsB．When Histrians Meet Artists
C．Arts Educatin in BritainD．The Wrld's Best Arts Teacher
【答案】
28．C 29．D 30．C 31．A
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了英国一名女子在被评为世界最佳教师后获得了100万英镑的奖金，她将用这笔奖金发起一个项目，让艺术家进入学校。
28．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Andria Zafiraku,a nrth Lndn secndary schl teacher, said she wanted t bring abut a classrm revlutin. “We are ging t make a change,” she said. “I’ve started a prject t prmte the teaching f the arts in ur schls.”（伦敦北部中学教师安德里亚·扎菲拉库(Andria Zafiraku)表示，她想掀起一场课堂革命。“我们将做出改变，”她说。“我已经启动了一个项目，以促进我们学校的艺术教学。”）”可知，Zafiraku打算用自己的奖金运行一个项目。故选C。
29．推理判断题。根据文章第五段Craig-Martin 说的话“Andria's brilliant prject t bring artists frm all fields int direct cntact with children is particularly welcme at a time when the arts are being dwngraded in schls." It was a mistake t see the arts as unnecessary, he added.（Andria的把各个领域的艺术学家请到学校教学这个聪明的项目很受学生欢迎，在学校忽视艺术教育的时期。把艺术看出不必要是错误的。）”可知，Craig-Martin认为，英国学校的艺术教学不应该被忽视，而应该被重视。故选D。
30．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“It is abslutely necessary. The future depends n creativity and creativity depends n the yung.（这是绝对必要的。未来取决于创造力，而创造力取决于年轻人。）”可知，Schama认为学校教育应该强调创造力。故选C。
31．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Andria Zafiraku, a nrth Lndn secndary schl teacher, said she wanted t bring abut a classrm revlutin. “We are ging t make a change,”she said.“I’ve started a prject t prmte the teaching f the arts in ur schls.”（伦敦北部中学教师安德里亚·扎菲拉库(Andria Zafiraku)表示，她想掀起一场课堂革命。“我们将做出改变，”她说。“我已经启动了一个项目，以促进我们学校的艺术教学。”）”可知，文章讲述了Andria Zafiraku用自己的奖金启动了一个项目，将艺术家带进学校，促进艺术教学。故选A。
Passage 1 （2022·上海静安·二模）
Befre the break f dawn, Simn was already standing n the shre watching the sea intensely fr any signs f a cming strm. Despite learning frm the weather frecast the likelihd f a vilent strm, he didn’t change his mind abut starting his weekly fishing trip. After checking fr the third time that he had brught with him what he needed, Simn gt nt his bat and sailed int the vast blue sea. Befre lng, he was anchring(固定)his bat in the middle f the sea. Satisfied with the spt, he cast his net, hping fr a gd catch.
Simn then relaxed n the deck and watched the sun rising slwly abve the hrizn. “One can never trust the weather statin,” he said, but he had said it t sn. At that mment, there was a sudden strike f lightning, fllwed by a shut f thunder. The entire sky was suddenly filled with dark cluds. Wave after wave rlled up, hitting his bat and sending it rcking vilently sideways. A sense f hpelessness drwned him but when images f his family flashed acrss his mind, he knew what he had t d. In duble-quick time, he cut ff the fishing lines and dumped his fishing equipment int the sea. Eventually, the strm eased and the waves died dwn.
T make matters wrse, the bat engine died. As he was many kilmetres ffshre, the nly likely rescue was t be sptted by a bat. But wh wuld be ut at sea in such hrrible weather except him? That made Simn regret his earlier decisin again.
Exhausted, Simn sn drifted ff t sleep. When he awke, the sun had already risen. Simn had lst track f time and lcatin. Sighing, he std n the deck, staring ut hpefully. Then he sptted it. He dived int the water and swam twards the island a few metres ahead f him. When Simn reached land, he was t weak t stand n his legs. Frtunately, a kind-hearted man helped him up and cntacted his family. Thugh Simn emerged frm the nightmare unhurt, the fateful day remained frever in his mind. Neglecting the weather frecast, he paid a heavy price. He then learnt that everyne shuld respect science and be mre mindful f his decisin.
1．Which f the fllwing statements is TRUE accrding t the passage?
A．Nt infrmed f the weather frecast, Simn went fishing as planned.
B．Simn lst his fishing equipment because it was blwn ff by the wind.
C．Lve fr his family made him take actin trying t save himself.
D．Thugh he was finally saved, he was hurt badly.
2．What did he see after he wke up?
A．Anther bat ready t drag his bat.B．A rescue team sent by his family.
C．A new bat engine t be equipped n his bat.D．An island nt far frm his bat.
3．What mainly caused him t meet with such a hrrible event?
A．He was t cnfident f his ability t deal with the rescue team.
B．He ignred strm frecast and went fishing anyway.
C．His fishing equipment was t heavy fr his bat.
D．He psitined his bat in a wrng lcatin in the sea.
4．What is the passage mainly abut?
A．A smth fishing trip a fisherman used t have.
B．A terrible accident a fisherman experienced and hw he survived.
C．The hardships a man has t handle when ging fishing.
D．Ways t seek help in dangerus situatins in life.
【答案】
1．C 2．D 3．B 4．B
【解析】
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Simn不理会天气预报说有暴风雨的警告，坚持出海钓鱼，遭到暴风雨，最后游到一个小岛幸存下来的故事。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“A sense f hpelessness drwned him but when images f his family flashed acrss his mind, he knew what he had t d.(一种绝望的感觉淹没了他，但当他的家人的画面闪过他的脑海时，他知道他必须做什么。)”可知，是对家人的爱让他决定自救。故选C。
2．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Sighing, he std n the deck, staring ut hpefully. Then he sptted it. He dived int the water and swam twards the island a few metres ahead f him.(他叹了口气，站在甲板上，满怀希望地望着窗外。然后他发现了它。他潜入水中，朝前方几米远的小岛游去。)”可知，他站在甲板上看到的是一座小岛。由此可知，当他醒来时，发现在距离船不远的地方有一个小岛。故选D。
3．细节理解题。根据第一段“Despite learning frm the weather frecast the likelihd f a vilent strm, he didn’t change his mind abut starting his weekly fishing trip.(尽管从天气预报中得知可能会有一场猛烈的风暴，他还是没有改变主意开始每周的钓鱼之旅。)”可知，他明知有暴风雨警报，仍然置之不理，坚持出海钓鱼。故选B。
4．主旨大意题。通过全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了Simn不理会天气预报说有暴风雨的警告，坚持出海钓鱼，遭到暴风雨，最后游到一个小岛幸存下来的故事。故选B。
Passage 2 （2022·上海金山·二模）
The student arrived early, sat frnt and center, and std ut in my classrm in mre ways than ne. I’d say that he was abut 40 years lder than his classmates in my undergraduate cmmunicatins class. He eagerly jumped int class discussins, with his humr and wisdm f experience. And he was always respectful f the ther students’ perspectives, as if each f them were a teacher. Jerry Valencia walked in with a smile — and he left with ne t.
“These students gave me the cnfidence that I didn’t need t feel bad abut my age,” Valencia says.
One day, I sptted Valencia n campus. He said he wuld have t stp taking classes that semester and reapply fr next year. By then, he hped t have earned enugh mney frm cnstructin jbs and have his student-lan papers in rder. But he said he was still cming t campus t attend events r see friends. He asked seriusly whether he culd still sit in n my cmmunicatins class.
Sure, I said. But he wuldn’t get any credit.
N prblem, he said.
Sn there he was again, back at his ld desk, frnt and center, jumping int ur discussins n hw t find and tell stries in Ls Angeles — a 63-year-ld man with as much energy and curisity as any f the yungsters in class. Fr an assignment n changing neighbrhds, Valencia wrte abut a favrite lcal chain restaurant that was “unceremniusly clsed.” He called it a theft f childhd. “It is almst as if smene has stlen that childhd and rudely replaced it with a slippery hill where everything they treasure will slide away,” he wrte.
A lt f Valencia’s classmates apparently knew he culdn’t affrd that semester’s tuitin but was still ding the hmewrk. “Here he is, willingly taking a class fr the delight f it and benefit f learning,” says Jessica Espinsa, a 25-year-ld junir. Afterward, I verheard Valencia wanted t stay in schl until he earned a master’s degree, but it had taken him 12 years t finish cmmunity cllege, s he had a lng way t g. He had earned his assciate f arts degree ver the summer, then transferred t LA t start n his bachelr’s.
There is smething splendidly unreasnable abut Valencia’s determinatin t get a fur-year degree and then a master’s. At his current pace, he’ll be 90 when he finally hangs all that paper n the wall. But that desn’t seem especially relevant. He’s fund all the yuthful energy and academic pprtunity stimulating. Valencia’s grade in my class this semester will nt shw up n his transcripts (成绩单). But I’m giving him an A — and in the mst imprtant ways, it cunts.
5．What made Valencia different frm his classmates accrding t Para. 1?
A．He was an early bird t attract ther students’ attentin.
B．He tk pride in his age, fr he ften wre a smile n his face.
C．He was eager t draw his cnclusin in the cmmunicatins class.
D．He may ften share his wise and humrus ideas in the discussin.
6．Accrding t the authr, Valencia cntinued t attend classes because ________.
A．he gt enjyment and treasured the chance f learning
B．he needed the credits t further study a bachelr’s degree
C．he desired t attend events and have an A n his transcripts
D．he wanted t keep up with his classmates by learning hard
7．Which f the fllwing best describes Valencia?
A．Mdest and independent.B．Energetic and generus.
C．Cnsiderate and intelligent.D．Enthusiastic and mtivated.
8．The passage mainly tells us that________.
A．teachers like diligent and highly-mtivated students
B．effrts will be paid ff as lng as we are determined
C．it is never t late t learn even thugh we start a little late
D．getting an A cunts when it cmes t learning at a higher level
【答案】
5．D 6．A 7．D 8．C
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了一个关于“活到老，学到老”的故事。杰里·瓦伦西亚是一个63岁的大三学生，尽管年龄很大，但他对学习仍然充满热情。在课堂上，他会积极参加讨论，尊重其他同学的观点，很多学生对他的精神充满了敬佩。他并没有足够的钱去支付学费但他仍不放弃，通过工作赚钱，坚持继续完成学业，还要继续读研。
5．细节理解题。由第一段中的“He eagerly jumped int class discussins, with his humr and wisdm f experience. (他以他的幽默和经验智慧，热情地参加了课堂讨论)”可知，瓦伦西亚与他的同学的不同之处在于：在讨论中，他可能经常分享他的智慧和幽默的想法。故选D项。
6．细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的“A lt f Valencia’s classmates apparently knew he culdn’t affrd that semester’s tuitin but was still ding the hmewrk. “Here he is, willingly taking a class fr the delight f it and benefit f learning,” says Jessica Espinsa, a 25-year-ld junir. (瓦伦西亚的许多同学显然知道他付不起那学期的学费，但他仍在做作业。25岁的大三学生杰西卡·埃斯皮诺萨说：“他来了，为了学习的乐趣和益处，他很乐意去上课。”)”可知，瓦伦西亚继续上课是因为他得到了学习的乐趣，珍惜学习的机会。故选A项。
7．推理判断题。由第一段中的“He eagerly jumped int class discussins, with his humr and wisdm f experience. (他以他的幽默和经验智慧，热情地参加了课堂讨论)”可知，瓦伦西亚很热情；由倒数第二段中的“A lt f Valencia’s classmates apparently knew he culdn’t affrd that semester’s tuitin but was still ding the hmewrk. “Here he is, willingly taking a class fr the delight f it and benefit f learning,” says Jessica Espinsa, a 25-year-ld junir. (瓦伦西亚的许多同学显然知道他付不起那学期的学费，但他仍在做作业。25岁的大三学生杰西卡·埃斯皮诺萨说：“他来了，为了学习的乐趣和益处，他很乐意去上课。”)”可知，63岁交不起学费的瓦伦西亚，为了学习的乐趣仍继续上课，说明他很上进；他是一个热情、上进的人。故选D项。
8．主旨大意题。通读全文，本文讲述了一个关于“活到老，学到老”的故事。杰里·瓦伦西亚是一个63岁的大三学生，尽管年龄很大，但他对学习仍然充满热情。在课堂上，他会积极参加讨论，尊重其他同学的观点，很多学生对他的精神充满了敬佩。他并没有足够的钱去支付学费但他仍不放弃，通过工作赚钱，坚持继续完成学业，还要继续读研。可得出这篇文章主要告诉我们“学习永远不嫌晚，即使我们起步有点晚”。故选C项。
Passage 3 （2022·山东临沂·三模）
In high schl, she was bullied. After cllege, it was difficult t find a jb. But thrugh all the difficult times, Cllette Divitt, has had ne thing that makes her happy: baking. Divitt, wh has Dwn syndrme (唐氏综合征), decided t channel her passin int a career, pening her wn ckie cmpany.
“S actually, I always lved baking, since I was 4 years ld. Frm high schl, I had been taking baking classes,” said Divitt, 31. “It was a hard time fr me. I had n friends. I didn’t have a scial life. I gt bullied. I gt picked n. And that’s why I had been taking baking classes.”
After high schl, Divitt went t Clemsn University in Suth Carlina, but after graduating, it was difficult fr her t find jbs. S, she turned t her mm, wh helped her create her wn jb: CEO f Cllettey’s Ckies.
“There’re lts f amazing things happening,” Divitt said f the pprtunities cming her way. She says her favrite part abut running her business is hiring peple with disabilities. Cllettey’s Ckies helps peple with disabilities prepare fr their careers, by ffering wrkshps and guidance.
In 2020, just 17.9% f peple with a disability were emplyed. But Divitt believes many want t wrk, federal law des nt require emplyers t pay them minimum wage. That means cmpanies can pay peple with disabilities whatever they think they’re wrth — smething Divitt is wrking t change.
She has appealed t sciety t help create mre jbs fr peple with disabilities, which she hpes gets the attentin f Cngress. Cllettey’s Ckies nw has 15 emplyees, and abut half f them are peple with disabilities. And they have a strng leader t lk up t. “N matter wh yu are, yu can make a great difference in this wrld,” Divitt said. “Dn’t let peple bring yu dwn... D nt fcus n yur disabilities. Yu nly need t fcus n yur abilities.”
9．What drve Divitt t start her business?
A．Her being bullied.B．Her mther’s help.C．Her Dwn syndrme.D．Her failure t land a jb.
10．Which f the fllwing best describes Divitt’s attitude twards the disabled?
A．Merciful.B．Generus.C．Cnsiderate.D．Tlerant.
11．What des Divitt want t wrk t change?
A．The salary the disabled get.B．The fedal law abut the disabled.
C．The wrking cnditins f the disabled.D．The rle the disabled plays in the Cngress.
12．What can we infer frm the last paragraph?
A．The disabled act as leaders in her cmpany. B．The gvernment shws n care fr the disabled.
C．Disabled peple have ptential t achieve success. D．Emplyees shw respect fr Divitt in her cmpany.
【答案】
9．B 10．C 11．A 12．C
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了从小受到欺凌、患有唐氏综合症的Cllette Divitt在妈妈的帮助下开始了自己的事业，并尽自己的努力帮助残疾人就业的故事。
9．细节理解题。根据第三段“After high schl, Divitt went t Clemsn University in Suth Carlina, but after graduating, it was difficult fr her t find jbs. S, she turned t her mm, wh helped her create her wn jb: CEO f Cllettey’s Ckies. (高中毕业后，Divitt去了南卡罗来纳州的克莱姆森大学，但毕业后，她很难找到工作。所以，她求助于她的母亲，母亲帮助她创造了自己的工作：Cllettey’s Ckies的首席执行官)”可知，妈妈的帮助Divitt开始自己的事业。故选B。
10．推理判断题。根据第四段的“She says her favrite part abut running her business is hiring peple with disabilities. Cllettey’s Ckies helps peple with disabilities prepare fr their careers, by ffering wrkshps and guidance. (她说，关于她经营公司的她最喜欢的部分是雇用残疾人。Cllettey’s Ckies 通过提供研讨会和指导，帮助残疾人为自己的职业生涯做好准备)”可推知，Divitt非常关心残疾人。故选C。
11．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“But Divitt believes many want t wrk, federal law des nt require emplyers t pay them minimum wage. That means cmpanies can pay peple with disabilities whatever they think they’re wrth—smething Divitt is wrking t change. (但Divitt认为，许多人想要工作，联邦法律没有要求雇主支付他们最低工资。这意味着公司可以向残疾人支付他们认为有价值的任何报酬——这是迪维托正在努力改变的)”可知，Divitt想要改变的是残疾人的工资。故选A。
12．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“'N matter wh yu are, yu can make a great difference in this wrld,' Divitt said. 'Dn’t let peple bring yu dwn... D nt fcus n yur disabilities. Yu nly need t fcus n yur abilities.' ( Divitt说：“不管你是谁，你都可以让这个世界大不相同。”“不要让别人打击你……不要关注你的残疾。你只需要专注于你的能力。”)”可推知，只要专注于自己的能力，残疾人也有改变世界、获得成功的潜力。故选C。
Passage 4 （2022·湖南·周南中学模拟预测）
It was the festive seasn. Mm had baked sme delicius ckies. Jam tarts were always my favrite and I had enjyed myself t excess. Mrever, the refrigeratr was well-stcked with chclates and ice-cream s I helped myself t all the gdies. That night I wke up with an unbearable tthache. N amunt f aspirin culd stp the pain.
When mrning arrived, I had t d the unavidable - make an appintment with the dentist. My dental appintment was at 2 pm that afternn, which was just anther fur hurs away. The thught was enugh t kill my interest in everything else. I had butterflies in my stmach. I arrived at the dental clinic an hur befre the appintment.
After registering, I walked unenthusiastically twards a chair. I did nt even bther t lk at the ther patients. Picking up a few magazines, I tried t read t get rid f my fear and pain, but I culd nt cncentrate. All I was aware f was a terrible pain. The sight f patients cming ut frm the treatment rm, with large pieces f gauze sticking ut frm their muths, nly seemed t wrsen my pain.
One f my New Year reslutins was made while I was shifting restlessly in my seat. I vwed never t taste anther jam tart r take a chunky bite f chclate in the future.
When my name was finally called, I staggered int the treatment rm. I heard the dentist greeting me, but I culd nt bring myself t respnd t his greeting. The sight f the drilling equipment and the hypdermic syringes (皮下注射器) nly increased my feelings f sickness. When the dentist asked me t take my seat and then pen my muth, I felt my heart punding very fast. I was sure that I was ging t get a heart attack.
The dentist infrmed me that it was best t extract the tth. I ndded and pened my muth and tried t think f ther things. The next minute r s was ne f the mst terrifying mments f my life. I grabbed the dentist’s hands mre than nce. At first, he was quite taken aback and eyed me suspiciusly. Then he warned me that he wuld have my hands tied if I were t repeat my antics. I did nt think that he was jking!
Sn the pain gave way t a sthing sensatin. When the dentist tld me that the pain was all ver, I culd hardly believe my ears. After paying fr the extractin, I walked ut f the clinic cnfidently and headed fr the nearest bus stp. I swre that this wuld be the first and the last time I stepped int a dental clinic.
13．What might be the reasn fr my nt feeling well that night?
A．T much fun during the day.B．An upset stmach.
C．Unrestrained eating f gdies.D．Overuse f aspirin.
14．What did I d t distract me frm the tthache befre I met the dentist?
A．Making an appintment with the dentist.B．Trying t read sme magazines.
C．Observing ther patients.D．Making my New Year wishes.
15．Which f the fllwing is the clsest in meaning t the underline wrd in the sixth paragraph?
A．rude behavirB．natural behavir
C．dangerus behavirD．interesting behavir
16．What lessn might the authr have learned frm this experience?
A．After a strm cmes a calm.B．Diet cures mre than dctrs.
C．Fear is ften greater than the danger.D．A fall int the pit, a gain in yur wit.
【答案】
13．C 14．B 15．C 16．D
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者因为一次放纵自己吃甜食，导致牙疼得去牙科诊所拔牙的故事。作者决心吸取教训，吃一堑，长一智。
13．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Jam tarts were always my favrite and I had enjyed myself t excess. Mrever, the refrigeratr was well-stcked with chclates and ice-cream s I helped myself t all the gdies. That night I wke up with an unbearable tthache. (果酱馅饼一直是我的最爱，我吃得太过瘾了。而且，冰箱里摆满了巧克力和冰淇淋，所以我随便吃了些好东西。那天晚上，我醒来时牙疼得难以忍受。)”可知，那天晚上作者感觉不舒服的原因是毫无节制地吃美食。故选C项。
14．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Picking up a few magazines, I tried t read t get rid f my fear and pain, but I culd nt cncentrate. (我拿起几本杂志，试图通过阅读来摆脱恐惧和痛苦，但我无法集中精神。)”可知，在见牙医之前，作者试着看一些杂志来转移对牙痛的注意力。故选B项。
15．词句猜测题。划线词句前文“I grabbed the dentist’s hands mre than nce. At first, he was quite taken aback and eyed me suspiciusly. (我不止一次抓住牙医的手。起初，他很吃惊，怀疑地看着我。)”说明在牙医要给作者拔牙时，作者抓住医生的手，这个动作影响作者手术，是危险的，结合划线词句“Then he warned me that he wuld have my hands tied if I were t repeat my antics. (然后他警告我说，如果我再重复我的antics，他会把我的手绑起来。)”可以推知，划线词汇antics应为“危险举止”的意思。故选C项。
16．推理判断题。通读全文，根据前文内容及最后一段中“I swre that this wuld be the first and the last time I stepped int a dental clinic. (我发誓这将是我第一次也是最后一次走进牙科诊所。)”可知，作者因为一次放纵自己吃甜食，导致牙疼并得去牙科诊所拔牙，作者决心吸取教训，不再犯同类错误。从而推知，作者得到的教训是“吃一堑，长一智”。故选D项。
Passage 5 （2022·上海·复旦附中模拟预测）
In 2004, Pen Hadw became the first persn t trek (跋涉) t the Nrth Ple alne, withut being resupplied n the way. That meant swimming thrugh unimaginably cld waters, and risking encunters with plar bears. Just eight mnths later, he made a similar trip t the Suth Ple. Nw he is back in the Arctic again, preparing fr an expeditin (远征) he says is even mre ambitius. Explrers are cnfident, driven individuals. They have t be. This time, hwever, mre significance is attached. Pen and tw clleagues will set ut n a three-mnth, 1000-kilmetre trek t the Nrth Ple, taking detailed measurements f the thickness and density f the ice. Nbdy has ever dne this befre, and he knws the results will be f vital significance t the scientific cmmunity. This will be the truest picture yet f what glbal warming is ding t the ice that cvers the plar regin.
Pen and his wife, Mary, live in the cuntry with their tw children. “It’s much harder t be away frm them this time,” he admits. They were ne and five when I last went, and I made a mistake in the way I said gdbye. I thught it wuld be a gd idea t say t my sn, “Yu’re the man f the huse nw, lk after yur mum and yur sister.” He abslutely tk it t heart, asking his mum hw she was all the time, but the stress eventually became t much. While it was well intentined, it was an unfair thing t d.
He is spending these last days befre departure preparing his things. “Out n the ice, ne is virtually unable t mend things r d anything that isn’t abslutely straightfrward,” he says. With him will be Ann Daniels, ne f the wrld’s leading plar explrers, and the phtgrapher, Martin Hartley. They will be supprted by a crew f six, flying in supplies. Being part f a team is actually mre stressful t smene with his mentality, says Pen, and smething else is n his mind t. “I’m ging t be 47 n Thursday. I’ve dne far less training than I’m cmfrtable with.” Why? “Organisatinal things always seem mre urgent. S I’m almst fearful f what I’m ging t ask f myself.”
Pen believes his missin recnnects explratin with the search fr knwledge that drve previus generatins int the unknwn. “Making it t the Nrth Ple was a persnal ambitin,’”he admits, “and f limited value t anyne beynd the plar adventuring cmmunity. This time, scientists will prfit frm the data, and we’re creating a platfrm in which t engage as many peple as pssible in what’s happening in the Arctic Ocean. This is imprtant wrk, and nbdy can d it but us,” he says. “Our skills, which are therwise nt that necessary, have becme really relevant. Suddenly, we’re scially useful again.”
17．In the first paragraph, what d we learn abut Pen Hadw’s pinin f the new expeditin?
A．He feels certain that it will be stressful.
B．He is aware f the huge imprtance f its aims.
C．He thinks it may be harder than his previus jurneys.
D．He is less than cnfident f the scientific wrk it invlves.
18．What des “tk it t heart” (in paragraph 2) mean?
A．He started t feel unwell.B．He memrised his father’s wrds.
C．He was afraid f the respnsibility.D．He carried ut his father’s wrds carefully.
19．What is wrrying Pen abut the new expeditin?
A．Whether he will be mentally prepared
B．Whether he will still be fit enugh t take part.
C．Whether the arrangements he has made will turn ut well.
D．Whether the equipment will wrk prperly in icy cnditins.
20．When he cmpares the new expeditin t his previus nes, Pen feels ________.
A．uncertain if it will cllect infrmatin. B．dubtful abut its lng-term usefulness
C．pleased that mre peple will benefit frm it D．relieved that the general public will be mre supprtive
【答案】
17．B 18．D 19．B 20．C
【解析】
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Pen Hadw即将进行的北极探险，这次探险极具意义，因为他将把探险与探索知识联系起来。
17．推理判断题。根据第一段“This time, hwever, mre significance is attached. Pen and tw clleagues will set ut n a three-mnth, 1000-kilmetre trek t the Nrth Ple, taking detailed measurements f the thickness and density f the ice. Nbdy has ever dne this befre, and he knws the results will be f vital significance t the scientific cmmunity. (然而，这一次的意义更为重大。Pen Hadw和两名同事将开始为期三个月、1000公里的北极跋涉，对冰层的厚度和密度进行详细的测量。以前从来没有人这样做过，他知道这些结果将对科学界具有至关重要的意义。)”可推断，他深知这次探险意义更为重大。故选B。
18．词句猜测题。根据上文“I thught it wuld be a gd idea t say t my sn, “Yu’re the man f the huse nw, lk after yur mum and yur sister.”(我认为对我儿子说:“你现在是家里的男人了，照顾你的妈妈和妹妹。”是个好主意)”可知，Pen Hadw让儿子照顾自己的妈妈和妹妹。再根据下文“asking his mum hw she was all the time(一直问他妈妈感觉怎样)”可知，他的儿子认真地执行父亲的话。所以tk it t heart为“他认真地执行他父亲的话。”之意。故选D。
19．推理判断题。根据第三段第五句开始“Being part f a team is actually mre stressful t smene with his mentality, says Pen, and smething else is n his mind t. ‘I’m ging t be 47 n Thursday. I’ve dne far less training than I’m cmfrtable with.’ Why? ‘Organisatinal things always seem mre urgent. S I’m almst fearful f what I’m ging t ask f myself.’(Pen说，作为团队的一员，对于那些心理状态良好的人来说，压力其实更大，而且他还在考虑其他事情。“到周四我就47岁了。我所做的训练远远少于我所能接受的。“为什么?“有组织的事情似乎总是更紧急。所以我几乎害怕我要问自己的问题。”)”可推断，他担心自己不能胜任此次探险。故选B。
20．细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句“‘Making it t the Nrth Ple was a persnal ambitin,’ he admits, ‘and f limited value t anyne beynd the plar adventuring cmmunity. This time, scientists will prfit frm the data, and we’re creating a platfrm in which t engage as many peple as pssible in what’s happening in the Arctic Ocean. This is imprtant wrk, and nbdy can d it but us,’ he says.(他承认：“成功到达北极是个人的雄心壮志，对极地探险团体以外的任何人来说都没有多大价值。”这一次，科学家们将从数据中获益，我们正在创建一个平台，让尽可能多的人参与到北冰洋发生的事情中来。这是一项重要的工作，除了我们没人能做。)”可知，他觉得这次探险将会使得更多的人从他们的工作中获益。故选C。
Passage 6（2022·山东·德州市教育科学研究院三模）
One year befre, at age 18, Leszyeski had aged ut f fster care(寄养中心), having been in the system since she was fur when her single mther was n lnger able t care fr her. Leszyeski was nw enrlled in cllege hping t becme a dctr. And the nly furniture she had in her apartment was an air mattress with a hle in it.
Then she learned abut an rganizatin Chairity. The rganizatin prvides furniture and husehld gds fr yung adults wh have left fster care. Leszyeski reached ut t Charity, a nnprfit frmed by 23-year-ld Maria Paparella.
Paparella first became aware f fster care in elementary schl when her parents were cnsidering adpting a child. The plan didn't wrk ut, but Paparella ften fund herself thinking abut that child. “I'm really clse with my family, and I just culdn't imagine being cmpletely n my wn at 18,” she says.
At 16, Paparella visited Summit Cunty Children Services, with a list f questins, trying t understand what aging ut lked like. One f her questins was “What's nt being met fr these yung peple?” Near the tp f the list was furniture. “That struck hme,” says Paparella. The idea f “mving int an apartment withut a bed t sleep n r a sfa t sit n” pulled at her heartstrings.
Paparella cntacted her parents' friends, asking if they had spare furniture t dnate. A lcal furniture stre ffered free ware-huse space and its delivery truck. Watching the recipients' faces when they received a bed, a cuch—whatever—was amazing. Paparella remembers delivering a gld lamp t a wman and watching her plish it lvingly, getting rid f dirt and fingerprints.
Tday, Chairity has given furniture t nearly 200 yung adults in hmes acrss six Ohi cunties. Paparella is cnvinced these cntributins give the recipients hpe and cnfidence. Leszyeski agrees.“It makes me feel like I'm nt different frm ther peple. My whle life, I've felt abnrmal,”she says,“Nw, I feel nrmal.”
21．Which can best describe Leszyeski's life after leaving fster care?
A．Tugh but hpeful.B．Pr and aimless.
C．Wealthy but bring.D．Independent and carefree.
22．Why did Paparella fund Chairity?
A．T get sme financial benefits frm it.B．T help thse aging ut f fster care.
C．T aid the needy cuple adpt a child.D．T ask peple t dnate sme cuches.
23．When was Paparella mst tuched at the age f 16?
A．Living withut parents.B．Mving int a new huse.
C．Getting free truck delivery.D．Visiting a fster care center.
24．What des Leszyeski think f Chairity?
A．It changes yung adults' whle life.B．It brings cnfidence t the recipients.
C．It has helped lts f hmeless peple.D．It makes peple different frm thers.
【答案】
21．A 22．B 23．D 24．B
【解析】
本文为一篇记叙文。讲述的是女孩 Leszyeski收到来自由一名23岁女孩Maria Paparella创建的慈善组织Chairity帮助的故事。通过该非营利性机构通过帮助一些生活在寄养中心的孩子们，让他们找到了人生的希望和自信。
21．细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“And the nly furniture she had in her apartment was an air mattress with a hle in it.”(她公寓里唯一的家具就是一个有洞的充气床垫。)可知，家里唯一的家具也是破损的，可知生活过的尤其艰难。同时根据后文的“Then she learned abut an rganizatin Charity. The rganizatin prvides furniture and husehld gds fr yung adults wh have left fster care. ”(然后她了解到一个组织Charity。该组织为离开寄养家庭的年轻人提供家具和家庭用品。)可知，尽管她生活困苦，但是得知有一个慈善组织能为他们这样的年轻人提供家具和家庭用品，所以是充满希望的。故选A。
22．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The rganizatin prvides furniture and husehld gds fr yung adults wh have left fster care. ”(该组织为离开寄养家庭的年轻人提供家具和家庭用品。)可知，该组织是是帮助那些离开寄养家庭的成年人。故选B。
23．细节理解题。根据第四段中“At 16, Paparella visited Summit Cunty Children Services, with a list f questins, trying t understand what aging ut lked like”(16岁时，帕帕雷拉带着一系列问题来到顶峰县儿童服务中心，试图了解衰老是什么样子的)，以及“pulled at her heartstrings.”(牵动着她的心弦)可知，16岁时最让她感动的是：参观寄养中心。故选D。
24．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Paparella is cnvinced these cntributins give the recipients hpe and cnfidence. Leszyeski agrees.”(帕帕雷拉相信，这些捐赠给了接受者希望和信心。Leszyeski表示同意。)以及“It makes me feel like I'm nt different frm ther peple. My whle life, I've felt abnrmal, Nw, I feel nrmal.”(这让我觉得我和其他人没有什么不同。我之前觉得不正常的生活，现在已经感觉正常了。)可知， Leszyeski 认为这个组织给她带来了信心和希望。故选B。
Passage 7 （2022·江苏省泰州市教育局模拟预测）
Mitchel Wu creates interesting stries using ty phtgraphy, a relatively new art frm. He’s taken phts fr an impressive list f clients, including Disney, Marvel, Ht Wheels, and Hasbr. There’s n limit t creativity, and Mitchel prves it thrugh his unique wrk, prviding a ne-f-a-kind experience fr clients wrldwide.
While ty phtgraphy dates back t the 1800s, it didn’t gain ppularity until the 1970s. Arund this time, a man by the name f David Levinthal became the father f miniature（微型画）phtgraphy.
Over time, it evlved int a glbal phenmenn mstly invlving actin figures and pp culture imagery. It’s a diverse art frm cntaining many themes and stry ideas. Many artists draw inspiratin frm ppular surces such as Disney mvies, Star Wars, and Pkemn characters. With ty phtgraphy, the viewers, cmpletely immersed in the stry, feel like they’re actually there, in a different land.
“Fr me, ty phtgraphy is really all abut strytelling,” Mitchel says. “Strytelling is what makes an image impactful, s my gal is t have my image just stp yu in yur tracks and make yu think ‘Ww, what’s ging n here?’”
Mitchel was a wedding phtgrapher in the beginning. In 2015, he realized that he needed t find smething else. Right arund the same time, his nephew wh phtgraphed tys as a hbby said, “Uncle Mitch, why dn’t yu bring yur camera and sht sme tys?”
Once he tried it ut, he gt hked immediately. His nephew lent him a cuple f Strmtrper actin figures, and frm the very first click f the shutter（快门）, he fund it was smething incredible.
What began as a hbby quickly became a new-fund career fr Mitchel. It’s yet anther stry that mtivates us t pursue ur dreams because yu never knw where they’ll take yu.
It seems the nly limits are the nes yu create fr yurself. Mitchel tries t keep breaking thse limits and learn new techniques in his exciting career path. His stry shws that yu can create yur path in life by fllwing yur heart and using yur imaginatin.
25．Which f the fllwing is true accrding t the first three paragraphs?
A．David Levinthal funded ty phtgraphy.
B．Ty phtgraphy is by all means a new art frm.
C．Mitchel helps prmte ty phtgraphy arund the wrld.
D．Ty phtgraphy was widely recgnized mre than 200 years ag.
26．What des the underlined wrd “immersed” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Invlved.B．Applied.C．Lcated.D．Stuck.
27．What des ty phtgraphy mean t Mitchel?
A．It brings him a great frtune. B．It nly serves t limit his creativity.
C．It is a way f telling his wn stries. D．It enables him t fllw his new passin.
28．What message des Mitchel’s stry cnvey?
A．Great hpes make great men. B．Nthing is impssible t a willing heart.
C．The lngest jurney begins with the first step. D．Behind ne minute n stage is ten years f practice.
【答案】
25．C 26．A 27．D 28．B
【解析】
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Mitchel Wu把爱好变成职业，通过使用玩具摄影，为全球客户提供了独一无二的体验。
25．细节理解题。根据文章第一段第一句话“Mitchel Wu creates interesting stries using ty phtgraphy, a relatively new art frm.（Mitchel Wu使用一种相对较新的艺术形式，即玩具摄影，创作有趣的故事。）”以及最后一句话“There’s n limit t creativity, and Mitchel prves it thrugh his unique wrk, prviding a ne-f-a-kind experience fr clients wrldwide.（创造力没有限制，Mitchel通过他独特的工作证明了这一点，为全球客户提供独一无二的体验。）”可知，主人公Mitchel通过使用玩具摄影为全球客户提供了体验。C项“Mitchel帮助在世界各地推广玩具摄影”符合题意。故选C项。
26．词义猜测题。根据文章第三段最后一句话“feel like they’re actually there, in a different land.（感觉他们真的在那里，在另一个地方。）”可知，通过玩具摄影使得观众参与到摄影中，以达到身临其境的感受。可推知此处指这个玩具展，可以使观众们完全有身临其境的感觉，因而画线词“immersed”意为“沉浸、使陷入”。A. Invlved参与，关系密切；B. Applied应用的；C. Lcated位于；D. Stuck困住。be invlved in为固定短语，意为“参与，牵涉进”，与画线词同义，表示参与到摄影的体验中。故选A项。
27．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段第一句话“What began as a hbby quickly became a new-fund career fr Mitchel.（最初作为一种爱好的东西很快成为Mitchel新发现的职业。）”可知，Mitchel把自己的爱好变成职业，能够继续追随。D项“它使他能够追随他的新激情。”故选D项。
28．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段最后一句话“His stry shws that yu can create yur path in life by fllwing yur heart and using yur imaginatin.（他的故事表明，你可以通过跟随你的内心和发挥你的想象力来创造你的人生道路。）”可知，Mitchel内心坚定最终实现了自己的梦想。B项“对于一颗心甘情愿的心来说，没有什么是不可能的。”即世上无难事，只怕有心人，符合题意。故选B项。
Passage 8 （2022·福建师大附中模拟预测）
On January 22, 2022, the British-Belgian 19-year-ld, Rutherfrd, successfully landed her micrlight aircraft back at the Airprt, frm where she had departed 155 days ag, fulfilling her dream t be the yungest wman t fly arund the wrld sl.
“I feel excited nt nly t break the Guinness Wrld Recrd, but als t diminish the gender gap by 11 years between the current yungest man recrd hlder, 18 at the time f his recrd, and the previus wman recrd hlder, wh was 30 when she cmpleted her ‘Dreams Sar’ arund- the-wrld flight.” Rutherfrd wrte n her blg. Rutherfrd’s jurney crssing five cntinents and 52 cuntries began n August 18, 2021. She met many unexpected delays alng the way. They included an unscheduled stp in Califrnia, due t the fierce wildfires and a stp in Alaska, t renew her visa. She als faced several challenges in the air. Despite the severe difficulties, the determined yung pilt never gave up n her dream.
Rutherfrd grew up arund airplanes. Her British father flies cmmercially, while her Belgian mther is als a pilt. The yung girl began learning hw t fly at age 14 and gt her fight license in 2020. With her gal f flying arund the wrld cmpleted, Rutherfrd nw has her sights set even higher. She wants t becme an astrnaut and explre space.
She hpes that her jurney will encurage mre yung wmen t pursue careers in flight. Currently the number f wmen pilts is just 5 percent. Rutherfrd says, “It’s an easy thing t say, but just g fr it. If yu dn’t try and see hw high yu can fly, then yu’ll never knw.”
29．What des the underlined wrd “diminish” in paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A．Narrw.B．Divide.C．Fill.D．Cause.
30．Why did Rutherfrd have t stp in Califrnia?
A．The wildfires were t fierce.B．Her visa was due.
C．The weather was t severe.D．Her engine brke dwn.
31．What’s the purpse f paragraph 3?
A．T tum t a new tpic.B．T state her admirable talents.
C．T summarize her achievements.D．T add sme backgrund infrmatin.
32．What des the passage try t cnvey?
A．Dream big, aim high.B．Life is nt all rses.
C．Nt t advance is t g back.D．The greatest talkers, the least ders.
【答案】
29．A 30．A 31．D 32．A
【解析】
本文是一篇记叙文。讲述的是2022年1月22日，19岁的英国裔比利时人卢瑟福成功地将她155天前离开的超轻型飞机降落在机场，实现了她成为独自环球飞行的最年轻女性的梦想。
29．词义猜测题。根据第一段中“The British-Belgian 19-year-ld, Rutherfrd, successfully landed her micrlight aircraft back at the Airprt.”(19岁的英国-比利时混血儿卢瑟福成功地将她的超轻型飞机降落在机场。)以及第二段中的“the previus wman recrd hlder, wh was 30 when she cmpleted her ‘Dreams Sar’ arund- the-wrld flight.”(之前的女性纪录保持者是在其30岁时完成环球“梦想翱翔”的)可知，卢瑟福是19岁成功地将她的超轻型飞机降落在机场，而该项活动之前的女性纪录保持者是在30岁完成的。二者相比，卢瑟福缩短了与前女性纪录保持者的年龄差距，A选项的narrw意为“缩短”，故选A。
30．细节理解题。根据题干中的“stp in Califrnia”可将答案定位到第二段，根据文中的“They included an unscheduled stp in Califrnia, due t the fierce wildfires .”(由于凶猛的野火，他们在加州临时停留)可知，停留的原因是野火过于凶猛，故选A。
31．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Rutherfrd grew up arund airplanes. Her British father flies cmmercially, while her Belgian mther is als a pilt.”(卢瑟福是在飞机环境中长大的。她的英国父亲从事商业飞行，而她的比利时母亲也是一名飞行员。)可知，本段中交代了主人公的成长环境，为故事的叙述提供了背景信息。故选D。
32．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中主人公所说的话“It’s an easy thing t say, but just g fr it. If yu dn’t try and see hw high yu can fly, then yu’ll never knw.”(说起来容易，但是要努力争取。如果你不试着看看你能飞多高，那你永远不会知道。)可知，主人公鼓励女性去实现梦想。同时根据第二段中“Despite the severe difficulties, the determined yung pilt never gave up n her dream.”(尽管困难重重，这位意志坚定的年轻飞行员从未放弃她的梦想。)以及第三段中“With her gal f flying arund the wrld cmpleted, Rutherfrd nw has her sights set even higher. She wants t becme an astrnaut and explre space.”(完成了环球飞行的目标后，卢瑟福现在把目标定得更高了。她想成为一名宇航员，探索太空。)可知，主人公在实现自己的飞行目标过程即使遭遇各种挫折挑战也没有放弃，同样在实现目标后设定了更高的目标——探索太空。A选项“Dream big, aim high”(梦想远大，力争上游)符合文章主旨，既体现了主人公目标远大，也体现了主人公的坚忍不拔的品质。故选A。
Passage 9 （2022·福建省福州第一中学三模）
It was a cld Saturday night in February. Sme 200 New Yrkers carefully made their way t the reservir (水库) in the hpes f catching a glimpse f the magical snwy wl, wh had tuched dwn in the park the week befre in what was reprted as the first visit there by the species in mre than 130 years.
Except fr a few excited screams frm children, peple were quiet—patiently awaiting the wl’s arrival at the reservir’s nrth gatehuse. The snwy wl did nt disappint. She flew dwn frm the darkness and surveyed the water and the peple hlding phnes and cameras befre taking ff int the night t the applause f her many fans. They simply wanted t see this lvely creature whse imprbable appearance seemed t signify hpe after the lckdwn
New Yrkers wh had lng taken Central Park fr granted felt a renewed lve fr this rectangle f green in the heart f the big city and, f curse, its amazing wildlife. That the park is a beautiful and essential refuge is smething that humans have nly cme t fully appreciate during these recent times f uncertainty.
Central Park was riginally planned and cnstructed during anther difficult time in the natin’s histry—in the years befre and during the American Civil War. Unlike many Eurpean parks that had riginally been built fr the aristcracy (贵族), Central Park was designed as a public space. In its chief architect Frederick Law Olmsted’s wrds, the pr and rich alike culd “easily g there after their day’s wrk is dne” and “strll fr an hur, seeing, hearing, and feeling nthing f the nise f the streets.”
As spring turns int summer, we see peple sitting n the grass r benches—catching sme sun, having family picnics, r tapping away n their laptps and iPads. Just being in prximity t ther peple in Central Park gave us a sense f cmmunity—the sense that we wuld smehw persevere.
33．What did peple d in Central Park n that Saturday night?
A．They cheered fr each therB．They paid their first visit
C．They came fr a rare sightD．They appreciated a water event
34．What des the authr mainly intend t d in Paragraph 4?
A．Give sme examples.B．Make a cmparisn
C．Intrduce a new pinin.D．Add backgrund infrmatin
35．What d the underlined wrds “in prximity t” in Paragraph 5 mean?
A．clse tB．free frm
C．at a distance frm D in cmparisn with
36．Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
A．Find Refuge in Central Park B．Take Yur Breath by Snw Owl
C．Trace Central Park t difficult times D．Meet an imprbable “visitr” in persn
【答案】
33．C 34．D 35．A 36．A
【解析】
文章是记叙文。开篇以200名纽约人在水库观赏神奇雪鸮为开头，引出文章的主题中央公园。揭示了长期以来，纽约人一直把中央公园视为城市的中心，更是神奇野生动物的家园。同时交代了中央公园建设的历史背景，不论是战争年代，还是和平年代，中央公园已然成为了纽约人的归属感的代表和象征。
33．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Sme 200 New Yrkers carefully made their way t the reservir (水库) in the hpes f catching a glimpse f the magical snwy wl.”(200名纽约人小心翼翼地来到水库，希望能一睹这只神奇的雪鸮的模样。)以及“as the first visit there by the species in mre than 130 years.”(该物种130多年来首次来到这里。)可知，人们在周六的晚上来到中心公园主要了是观看一只130多年来首次来到这里雪鸮。故选C。
34．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Central Park was riginally planned and cnstructed during anther difficult time in the natin’s histry—in the years befre and during the American Civil War.”(中央公园最初是在美国历史上的另一个艰难时期——美国内战前和内战期间——规划和建造的。)可知，第四段交代了中央公园建设的特殊历史时期，为文章讲述中央公园交代了历史背景。故选D。
35．词义猜测题。根据第五段中“gave us a sense f cmmunity—the sense that we wuld smehw persevere.”(给了我们一种归属的感觉——一种我们会以某种方式坚持下去的感觉。)可知，句中的cmmunity意为“归属感”，只有人们之间近距离接触的时候才会有归属感，A选项意为“接近”，符合题意。故选A。
36．主旨大意题。根据全文可知，揭示了长期以来，纽约人一直把中央公园视为城市的中心，更是神奇野生动物的家园。同时交代了中央公园建设的历史背景，不论是战争年代，还是和平年代，中央公园已然成为了纽约人的归属感的代表和象征。以及根据最后一段中“Just being in prximity t ther peple in Central Park gave us a sense f cmmunity—the sense that we wuld smehw persevere.”(在中央公园和其他人近距离接触给了我们一种归属的感觉——一种我们会以某种方式坚持下去的感觉。)可知，人们在中央公园中能够找到人们坚持下去的归属感。表明中央公园为纽约人提供了精神慰藉。与A选项“在中央公园找寻慰藉”符合题意。故选A。
Passage 10 （2022·河北唐山·三模）
Frm the age f 6, Samirah Hrtn was bullied (欺凌) by her classmates fr the things that made her different — her size and her sharp vice. Rather than giving up, Hrtn decided t pick up a micrphne and make sure ther children knew they weren’t alne. “I didn’t want ther kids t g thrugh that experience,” says Hrtn, “especially at a very yung age.” Nw, alngside attending eighth grade classes, she’s als building an anti-bullying platfrm t reach students acrss the cuntry.
Fr as lng as Hrtn remembers, she's felt a special cnnectin t music. She remembers her mther always having the radi n, and her father teaching her hw t deejay (主持) . Music gives her unlimited pwer t d the duty. “It’s music that fuels my missin, allwing me t spread this imprtant message,”she says. Nw as the Kid DJ fr her hmetwn team, yu can hear anything frm the hip-hp classics t sngs f her wn, including the anti-bullying sng “N Yu Wn’t Bully Me”.
Her message has reached beynd the DJ set. At 8. Hrtn turned ne f her sngs int a 26-page picture bk, which has reached thusands f peple acrss America. In the bk, she references the ver 160,000 students wh miss schl daily fr fear f being bullied.
Hrtn isn’t sure exactly what the future hlds, but fr nw, she’s psitive abut leading her schl’s student gvernment. “I dn’t knw exactly what I’ll be ding, but I knw I’ll be making a psitive influence n the wrld,” she says. She’s already n her way, but her biggest achievement in her wn eyes is persuading thers nt t dubt themselves alng the way. “Dn’t care what anybdy tells yu,” she says. “Yu are never t yung t make a change.”
37．Why was Hrtn bullied?
A．Because f her age.B．Because f her weight.
C．Because f her grades.D．Because f her hbby.
38．What des the underlined wrd “missin” in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Task.B．Anger.C．Skill.D．Curisity.
39．What can we learn frm Hrtn’s stry?
A．Fear invites danger.B．N vice is t small.
C．Success is peace f mind.D．Imperfectins are beauty.
40．What might be the best title fr the passage?
A．A Picture-Bk Writer B．A Hip-Hp Music Lver
C．An Envirnmental Activist D．An Anti-Bullying Advcate
【答案】
37．B 38．A 39．B 40．D
【解析】
本文是一篇记叙文。Hrtn是一个在校被欺凌的女同学，她没有因为被欺凌而让生活暗淡，反而她还建立了一个反欺凌平台，覆盖全国各地的学生，帮助和她一样被欺凌的同学，Hrtn觉得一路走来，无论未来会发生什么，都不要因为自己的力量微小而不去做出改变。
37．细节理解题。根据第一段“Frm the age f 6, Samirah Hrtn was bullied（欺凌）by her classmates fr the things that made her different—her size and her sharp vice. (从6岁开始，Samirah Hrtn就因为一些让她与众不同的东西——她的身材和她尖锐的声音——被同学欺负。)”可知，Hrtn因为她的体重（身材）被同学欺负。故选B。
38．词句猜测题。根据第二段“Music gives her unlimited pwer t d the duty. (音乐给了她无限的力量去履行职责。)”可知是音乐给了她力量去履行职责，完成任务，所以她所说的话表述的是“音乐推动了她的使命，她的责任”，即反对欺凌，结合选项可知missin意识是“任务，职责”，故选A。
39．推理判断题。通读全文可知，Hrtn是一个在校被欺凌的女同学，她没有因为被欺凌而让生活暗淡，反而她还建立了一个反欺凌平台，覆盖全国各地的学生，帮助和她一样被欺凌的同学，结合最后一段“She’s already n her way, but her biggest achievement in her wn eyes is persuading thers nt t dubt themselves alng the way. “Dn’t care what anybdy tells yu,”she says. “Yu are never t yung t make a change.” (她已经在路上了，但在她自己看来，她最大的成就是说服别人在路上不要怀疑自己。她说:“不要在意别人对你说什么。“你永远不会因为太年轻而不能做出改变。”)”可知，Hrtn认为在做出改变的过程中不需要在意别人的想法，也不要因为自己的力量微小而觉得无法做出改变，所以从Hrtn的故事我们可以知道：没有声音是微不足道的，要勇敢发声。故选B。
40．主旨大意题。读全文可知，文章讲述的是一个在校被欺凌的女同学Hrtn，她没有因为被欺凌而让生活暗淡，结合第二段“Nw, alngside attending eighth grade classes, she's als building an anti-bullying platfrm t reach students acrss the cuntry.(现在，除了参加八年级的课程，她还建立了一个反欺凌平台，覆盖全国各地的学生。)”可知她还建立了一个反欺凌平台，帮助和她一样被欺凌的同学，结合选项可知，D项“一个反欺凌倡导者”符合本文中心主旨，适合作为本文的标题。故选D。
语篇
体裁
主题内容
2022年新高考卷
A篇
I卷
应用文
文学引用课的评分制度
II卷
应用文
儿童博物馆团体游
B篇
I卷
说明文
实际行动减少食物浪费
II卷
记叙文
新型阅读体验
C篇
I卷
新闻报道
养鸡提升老年人幸福感
II卷
说明文
使用Textalyzer（短信监控器）的技术来监控司机在开车
D篇
I卷
说明文
饮食变化带来发音变化
II卷
说明文
锻炼对于心脏的好处
2022年全国卷
A篇
乙卷
应用文
亨利 .雷伯恩博士的画展
甲卷
应用文
介绍Cardiff当地的一些剧院和娱乐场所
B篇
乙卷
议论文
书评
甲卷
说明文
介绍一种会识别形状的凤头鹦鹉
C篇
乙卷
说明文
无人机技术
甲卷
记叙文
讲述Ginni Balindn周游世界的经历
D篇
乙卷
说明文
软饮料征税来解决儿童青少年健康问题
甲卷
夹叙夹议
讲述悉尼在发展中面临的问题
2021年新高考卷
A篇
I卷
应用文
人与社会：罗马的四个旅馆
II卷
应用文
约克郡的四个活动
B篇
I卷
记叙文
人与社会：介绍钢琴翻页的职业
II卷
记叙文
作者照顾老虎
C篇
I卷
说明文
人与自然：湿地破坏，保护环境
II卷
记叙文
捐资助学
D篇
I卷
说明文
人与自我：情商是品质还是技能
II卷
说明文
机器人监测牧牛的健康状况
2021全国卷
A篇
乙卷
说明文
介绍世界上著名的大型竞技场
甲卷
应用文
讲述摄影比赛的相关情况
B篇
乙卷
说明文
介绍澳大利亚的固定电话的使用情况
甲卷
说明文
讲述保护区的黑犀牛的情况
C篇
乙卷
说明文
利用塑料垃圾制作大型雕塑作品，变费为宝
甲卷
记叙文
讲述作者搬到伦敦的经历
D篇
乙卷
说明文
讲述分贝对人影响
甲卷
议论文
论述“谁是天才”