句子成分课件-2024届高三英语二轮复习

这是一份句子成分课件-2024届高三英语二轮复习，共14页。PPT课件主要包含了间人直物等内容，欢迎下载使用。
句子成分定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。分为主要成分（主语、谓语）和次要成分（宾语、定语、状语、宾语补足语、表语、同位语）主语：一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。谓语：说明主语的动作或状态等。动词做谓语。宾语：动作的对象或承受者。定语：修饰名词或代词。状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，常见时间、地点、原因、频率、程度等。宾补：宾语补足语，用于补充说明宾语的意义、状态等。eg. We speak English. We speak American English. We ften speak American English in class.
主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、（名词化的形容词和主语从句）等表示。 例：During the 1990s, American cuntry music has becme mre and mre ppular.（名词） We ften speak English in class.（代词） One-third f the students in this class are girls.（数词） T swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式） Smking des harm t the health.（动名词） The rich shuld help the pr.（名词化的形容词）
谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。 例：He practices running every mrning.\ She came．宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。 They went t see an exhibitin（展览）yesterday.（名词） The heavy rain prevented me frm cming t schl n time.（代词） Hw many dictinaries d yu have? I have five.（数词） They helped the ld with their husewrk yesterday.（名词化形容词）
宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如 make 等+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。 例：His father named him Dngming.（名词） They painted their bat white.（形容词） Yu mustn’t frce him t lend his mney t yu.（不定式短语） We saw her entering the rm.（现在分词短语） We fund everything in the lab in gd rder.（介词短语）
宾语(双宾）VS 宾语补足语
双宾（直接宾语、间接宾语）I bught my mther a bunch f carnatin.Please shw me yur passprt.直接宾语间接宾语
两者区别：1. 双宾结构无主谓逻辑关系，宾语补足语与宾语有主谓逻辑关系2. 双宾结构，直接宾语和间接宾语位置可互换，宾语和宾语补足语位置不可互换。
区别一下！Please give me a pen.Please keep the dr pen.We fund everything in the lab in gd rder.She passed the salt t him.
表语：说明主语的身份、特征或状态。主系表结构。一般位于系动词之后。常见系动词（动词章节会再次涉及）1.状态系动词：be动词He is a teacher. (名词作表语）2.感官系动词：lk、feel、sund、smell、tasteThis flwer smells very sweet.(形容词作表语）3.变化系动词：becme、grw、get、turn、fall等。He became mad after that.（形容词作表语）4.持续系动词：keep、stay、remain等。She always keeps silent at meeting.（形容词作表语）5.表象系动词：seem、appear、（lk）等。Mike seems （t be ）very sad. （形容词作表语）
定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示： 例：Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词） China is a develping cuntry \ America is a develped cuntry.（分词） There are thirty wmen teachers is ur schl.（名词）
状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。Light travels mst quickly.（副词及副词性词组） He has lived in the city fr ten years.\ There are many trees in schl.（介词短语） He is in the rm making a mdel plane.（分词短语）
同位语：一个名词(或其他形式)对另一个名词或代词进行解释或补充说明，这个名词(或其它形式)就是同位语，常常紧挨。1.Yesterday I met Tm, a friend f my brther.昨天我遇到了我弟弟的朋友汤姆。a friend f my brther是Tm的同位语，指同一人。2.This is my friend Harry. 这是我的朋友哈利。my friend是Harry的同位语。3.We Chinese are brave and hardwrking. 我们中国人勇敢勤奋。Chinese是主语We的同位语。4. Yu three take these seats. 你们三个坐在这些位子上。three是主语yu的同位语。5.We bth came frm Hebei.我们都来自河北。bth是主语We的同位语。
Exercises:指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分： 1. The students gt n the schl bus. 2. He handed me the newspaper. 3. I shall answer yur questin after class. 4. What a beautiful Chinese painting! 5. They went hunting tgether early in the mrning. 6. His jb is t train swimmers. 7. He tk many phts f the palaces in Beijing. 8. There is ging t be an American film tnight. 9. He is t leave fr Shanghai tmrrw.
10. His wish is t becme a scientist. 11. He managed t finish the wrk in time. 12. Tm came t ask me fr advice. 13. He fund it imprtant t master English. 14. D yu have anything else t say? 15. T be hnest; yur prnunciatin is nt s gd. 16. Wuld yu please tell me yur address? 17. He sat there, reading a newspaper. 18. It is ur duty t keep ur classrm clean and tidy. 19. He nticed a man enter the rm. 20. The apples tasted sweet.