高中英语2025届高考语法难点非限制性定语从句知识讲解

这是一份高中英语2025届高考语法难点非限制性定语从句知识讲解，共5页。学案主要包含了非限制性定语从句，非限制性定语从句的主谓一致，“特殊”定语从句的解题技巧，关系副词引导的非限制性定语从句，whse引导非限制性定语从句等内容，欢迎下载使用。
一、非限制性定语从句
1.非限制性定语从句的构成
非限制性定语从句对先行词进行补充说明，去掉不会影响主句的意思，通常用逗号与主句隔开。先行词可以是主句中的某个名词或名词词组，也可以是主句中的谓语部分，或者是整个主句。如：
My grandmther,wh is ver eighty years ld, still des husewrk n her wn.(先行词为My grandmther)
The plane was delayed,which made the passages very angry.(先行词为整个主句The plane was delayed)
He sang us a flk sng,which he had learned during his stay in the cuntryside.(先行词为a flk sng)
Mrs.Zhang is extremely ppular amngstudents, as is cmmn knwledge.(先行词为整个主句，从句对主句内容进行评述)
2.非限制性定语从句的关系词非限制性定语从句由关系代词which、wh、whm、whse或关系副词when、where等引导。
1) wh、which引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中作主语。如：
Bb lent me a thusand dllars,which was exactly the amunt I need.
鲍勃借给我一千美元，正好是我所需要的数目。
The children,wh wanted t play ftball, were disappinted when it rained.
想踢足球的孩子们因下雨而感到失望。
The cmputer,which seems t play the rle f a human brain, is ften called an electrnic brain．
计算机似乎起着人脑的作用，所以常被称为电脑。
2) whm、which引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中作宾语。(1) 作及物动词的宾语。如：
Mr.Lin,whm yu met in ur ffice yesterday, is an engineer.
你昨天在我们办公室遇见的林先生是一位工程师。
This is the cat,which I saw described in the advertisement in yesterday’s paper.
这就是我在昨天的报纸广告上看到的那件大衣。
(2) 作介词宾语，即“介词+which/whm”引导非限制性定语从句。如：
In the reference library are reference bks,frm which yu can get infrmatin.
资料室有参考书，你可以从这些参考书中获取资料。
Prfessr Smith made a majr technlgicalbreakthrugh, fr which he was awarded 50,000 dllars.
史密斯教授在技术上取得了重大突破，因此获得了5万美元的奖金。
3) whse, which, f which, f whm引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中作定语。(1) whse在句中作定语时，可代表人、动物或事物。 如：
Chpin,whse wrks are wrld-famus, cmpsed sme f his music in this rm.
肖邦的作品举世闻名，他的一些乐曲就是在这个房间里创作的。
Air is a mixture,whse cmpnents are f great use in the chemical industry.
空气是一种混合物，其成分在化学工业中有很大用处。
(2) whm、which前面可以加sme/many/neither/all f等修饰词，f which/whm构成的介词短语作定语，修饰其前边的代词，表示整体中的部分或所有。如：
There are tw rms upstairs,neither f which has been decrated.
楼上有两个房间，都没有装修过。
Many peple,sme f whm are nt verweight,are ging n a diet.
许多人正在节食，其中有些人并不超重。
(3) “介词 + which + 名词”结构中，which作定语，修饰其后边的名词，整个介词短语在从句中作状语。如：
My brther spent fi ve years at cllege,during which time he studied medicine.
我哥哥上了五年大学，在此期间他学了医学。
The writer lst the manuscript during thewar, in which case he had t rewrite the bk.
作者在战争中丢失了原稿，在这种情况下他不得不重写这本书。
4) as引导非限制性定语从句时，对主句的内容进行评述，先行词可以是整个主句或主句的一部分。as引导的从句位置比较灵活，可以位于句首、句尾或句中，通常译为“（正）如……一样，像……一样”。如：
Water,as is knwn t all, can als exist as a gas r a slid.
众所周知，水也可以以气态或固态存在。
As might be expected, Jhn was admitted t the university.
正如所料，约翰被大学录取了。
5) 关系副词when和where引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中作状语。如：
She lived in China fr a cuple f years,where she taught English.
她在中国住了几年，在那里教英语。（where在从句中作地点状语）
I visit my grandparents at the weekend, whenI d nt g t schl.
我在周末不上学的时候去看望我的祖父母。（when在从句中作时间状语）
【即学即练】
1.The night has turned cld, is usually arund here.
2.Peter, yu met in Lndn, is nw back in Paris.
3.This nte was left by Tm, was here a mment ag
4.My father will cme t see me next July, he wn’t be s busy
5.The deliveryman gt the address wrng, fr mistake he aplgized.
6.The schl shp, custmers are mainly students, is clsed fr the hlidays.
7.The small twn, my father nce wrked, has turned t be a mdern industrial city.
8.The Heavenly Lake, is ne f the wrld-famus scenic spts, is in Tianshan Muntain.
9. is reprted, a freign team will visit ur schl.
10.China Daily attracts a wrldwide readership, shws that mre and mre peple all ver the wrld want t learn abut China.
【参考答案】
1.as 2.whm/wh
3.wh 10.which
二、which引导的非限制性定语从句
that不能用于引导非限制性定语从句，而which可以。
which指代主句的全部或部分内容时，常表事实、状态、起因等，有“这就使得、这一点”等意思，常置主句末。主句与定语从句用逗号分开。 在“n.／prn.＋prep.＋ which”, “prep.＋which”定语从句里
They talked abut a mvie, the name f which I've never frgtten.
China has thusands f islands, the largest f which is Taiwan.
Chaplin went t the states in 1910, by which time he had learnt t dance and act in cmedies.
表唯一性，或者就是指代先行词的事物时。
The dam, which is the biggest in the wrld, is 3, 830 meters lng.
先行词是独一无二的事物时。
The mn, which desn't give ut light itself, is nly a satellite f the earth.
先行词表示类别属性的事物时。
Ftball, which is a very interesting game, is played all ver the wrld.
先行词是专有名词时。
The Nile, which used t fld every year, nw runs mre regularly belw the dam.
先行词是形容词作定语从句的表语时。主句和定语从句含有对比的意思。
Li Ling is very clever, which Li Lng isn’t.
先行词是集体名词表整体意思时。
My family, which has 35 peple, is a large ne.
先行词是国家名词表地域概念时。
Last year he went t Egypt, which is in Africa.
三、which与as引导非限定性定语从句的区别 
1.as引导的从句表示说话人的看法、态度、解释或评论
引导定语从句时，as仍具有“正如，像，由……可知”等意思，翻译时有时可不必译出。as定语从句常含有这些动词：see, knw, hear, watch, remember, say, tell, shw, expect, guess等，这类动词与as连用几乎成了一种固定搭配。as引导的此类从句可以置于句首、句中或句尾。
The famus magician Liu Qian, as we all knw, is frm Taiwan.
There is a net bar arund here, as I remember.
As is ften the case, girls like dlls while bys like guns.
2.which引导的从句对主句所叙述的事情进行补充说明，表明事物的状态或结果。
which此时指前面主句所提到的这件事，常译为“这一点，这件事”等。这时它所引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列、因果关系。注意，它引导的从句不像as那样位置灵活，它只能位于主句的后面。如：
He changed his mind again, which made us all angry.
She tre up my phts, which (=and that) upset me.
3.在从句中作定语或介词的宾语时，要用which，不用as。
Jenny might cme, in which case I'll ask her.
She graduated frm a lcal middle schl, after which she went t Beijing University.
4.当从句的谓语动词是否定形式或含着一个复合宾语时，一般用which而不用as
He pretended nt t knw me, which I didn't understand.
He admires everyne in his class, which I find quite strange.
注意：
as引导非限制性定语从句的最大特点是位置灵活；其次，as有以下常见的，而which不具备的“固定表达”：
as we all knw 众所周知
as I can remember 正如我所记得的
as ften happens 正如经常发生的那样
as we expect 正如我们预料的那样
as yu see 这一点你明白
as was expected 正如预料的那样
as can be seen 看得出来
as may be imagined 正如可以想象的那样
as has been said abve 如上所述
as we all can see 正如我们都能看到的那样
as is ften the case 像常规那样
as everybdy can d 正如人人都能做到的那样。
四、非限制性定语从句的主谓一致
1.ne f+复数名词+关系代词+复数形动词。
Titanic is ne f the mst wnderful mvies that have been prduced in Hllywd.
2.the (nly)ne f+复数名词+关系代词+单数形动词。
The Great Wall is the (nly) ne f the buildings n the earth that is seen frm the mn.
3.当关系代词as或which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰主句内容时，若as或which作主语，则从句的谓语动词用单数形式。
Great changes have taken place in China, as is knwn t all.
五、“特殊”定语从句的解题技巧
1.考查带有插入语的定语从句的关系词的选用。做此类题时，把关系词后的插入语（如：I believe, I think, I expect等）去掉进行判断。
—Is that the small twn yu ften refer t?
—Right, just the ne where yu knw I used t wrk fr years.
2.疑问句中考查定语从句。命题人经常利用疑问句的特殊结构来干扰学生的正确选择。遇到这类定语从句时，最好的办法是先把疑问句还原成陈述句，然后判断谁是先行词，再看关系词在定语从句中所充当的成分，最后确定正确答案。
Is this the farm yu visited last week?
3.倒装句中考查定语从句。倒装使定语从句的结构变得较为特殊，因此对于使用倒装语序的定语从句，应先把倒装语序还原成正常语序，这样句子结构就比较清晰了。
We came t a place, where std a big twer.
4.拆分词组和固定搭配。一些词组和搭配被拆开后，句子的含义就变得难以理解。首先把拆开的词组复原是理解此类定语从句的关键。
The secnd is cnnected with the use that the bdy makes f fd.
Why can't yu realize the part which they have played in ur life?
5.是用the ne还是用that , which, where。遇到这类句子，先将其变成肯定句，再看主句是否缺少表语。若缺表语，则必须用the ne的形式，接着再看the ne在从句中作什么成分，若作状语，则必须用the ne where，若作主语或宾语时，则用the ne (that/ which)
Is this schl the ne where yu study?
Is this the schl which/that yu study in?
Is this the schl where yu study?
Is this schl the ne that/which is a senir ne?
六、关系副词引导的非限制性定语从句
when, where在非限制定语从句中分别作时间状语和地点状语；why不用于非限制性定语从句中，用fr which 代替。
In China, the spring festival is a gd hliday when family members get tgether.
The suthern states wanted t set up a cuntry f their wn, where they wuld be free t keep black slaves.
I had tld them the reasn, fr which I didn't attend the meeting.
I had tld them the reasn why I didn't attend the meeting.
七、whse引导非限制性定语从句
1.whse用作关系代词时，它并不表示“谁的”，而是表示“……的……”，在具体语境需要灵活处理。
He is the man whse car was stlen.
The bys whse names were called std up.
2.不要以为whse引导定语从句时，其先行词一定是指人的名词，其实也可以是指事物（包括动物）的名词。
It was an island whse name I have frgtten.
Wlves are highly scial animals whse success depends upn cperatin.
3.不仅可以引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句。
My dg, whse temper is very uncertain, ften bites the judges at dg shws.
4.引导定语从句的“whse+名词”，有时可换成其他结构，注意词序的变化。比较：
破了窗户的那座房子是空的。
正：The huse whse windws are brken is empty.
正：The huse the windws f which are brken is empty.
正：The huse f which the windws are brken is empty.