高中英语知识点归纳汇总
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这是一份高中英语知识点归纳汇总,共351页。
1. add
vt.& vi. 增加;加;加起来;补充说; 又说
常用结构:
add t增添;增加;增进
add ...把……增添到……
add up合计,相加
add up t总数为;总计为
He added sme wd t increase the fire.
他添了一些木柴,使火更旺些。
If yu add 4 t 3 yu get 7.四加三得七。
Unit 1 Friendship
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①解析:选C。考查动词辨析。句意为:我要说的就是这些,
约翰你还有什么要补充的吗?
②解析:选D。add t的意思是“添加到”。
2. upset
adj. 心烦意乱的;不安的;不适的
vt. ( upset, upset) 使不安;使心烦;打翻;打乱
联想拓展
be upset by...被…… 打乱
upset neself abut sth.为某事烦恼
Our arrangements fr the weekend were upset by her visit.
她一来把我们周末的安排给打乱了。
Dn’t upset yurself — n harm has been dne.
不要难过——并没有造成任何伤害。
He was hrribly upset ver her illness.
他为她的病而忧心忡忡。
The students really upset her. 学生们着实让她烦恼。
高手过招
用upset的适当形式填空(原创)
①The fd my stmach.
②She felt rather n hearing the news.
③Is it an message?
④Dn’t be . It will be OK.
①upset ②upset ③upsetting ④upset
3. ignre
vt. 不理睬;忽视
I said hell t her, but she ignred me cmpletely.
我向她打招呼,可是她根本不理我。
He ignred the speed limit and drve very fast.
他不顾时速限制,把车开得飞快。
联想拓展
ignrant adj. (对某事物)不了解的;无知的;无学识的
be ignrant f/abut sth.不知道;没有意识到
ignrance n.无知;愚昧;不知道
be in ignrance f/abut sth. 不知道某事
易混辨析
ignre/neglect/verlk
ignre 通常指有意不顾,或不理会显而易见的事物。
neglect 侧重指有意的忽略或忽视,也可指粗心与疏忽。
verlk指因匆忙而疏忽或视而不见。
高手过招
(1)用ignre/neglect/verlk的适当形式填空 (原创)
①We culd nt affrd t such a serius ffence.
②He utterly my warnings and met with an accident.
③Dn’t t pay him a visit nw and then.
(1)①verlk ②ignred ③neglect
(2)单项填空
—S yu didn’t say hell t him last night?
—Well, I stpped and smiled when I saw him, but he me and walked n. (2010·杭州一模)
A. Ignred B. refused C. denied D. missed
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(2)解析:选A。答句句意为:我看到他就停下来冲他微笑,但是
他没理我就走了。ignre不理睬,忽视;refuse拒绝;deny否认,
拒绝给予;miss怀念,错过。
4. cncern
n. [U]关心,担心,担忧;[C]有利害关系的事
vt. 涉及,关系到,参与;使担心
联想拓展
cncerning prep. 关于
cncerned adj.有关的;担心的
cncern sb.与某人有关
be cncerned with sth.牵涉,与……有关;参与
cncern neself with 关心
be cncerned abut/fr/ver sth.担心;关心某事
as/s far as ... be cncerned关于;至于;就……而言
As far as I am cncerned, yu can g wherever yu want.
就我而言,你什么时候走都行。
We read stries cncerning visitrs frm uter space.
我们读了关于天外来客的故事。
I was very cncerned abut my mther’s illness.
我很担心母亲的病情。
高手过招
(1)单项填空
The meeting was cncerned refrms and everyne present was cncerned their wn interests.
(2010·福建厦门双十中学检测)
A. with; fr B. fr; which C. fr; abut D. abut; with
(2)用cncern的适当形式填空(原创)
①There is an article that the rise f the prices.
②The children are rather abut their mther’s health.
③Officials shuld themselves public affairs.
(1)解析:选A。句意为:这次会议牵涉到改革,在场的每个人都很担心自己的利益。be cncerned with 牵涉到,和……有关;be cncerned fr/abut 担心;关心。
(2)①cncerns ②cncerned ③cncern;with
5. settle
vi. 安家;定居;停留
vt. 使定居;安排;解决
Bth wanted t settle their scres.双方都愿意尽弃前嫌。
常用结构:
settle dwn 镇定下来
settle in 在……定居
He settled his child in a crner f the cmpartment.
他把孩子安顿在车厢的一个角落里。
The family has settled in Canada.
这家人已定居加拿大。
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高手过招
单项填空
①—D yu knw anyne in Paris?
—N. I’ll make friends nce .(2010·福建厦门六中检测)
A. I’m settled B. I have settled
C. I’ll be settled D. I’m settling
②The brake f yur bicycle has cme lse. Yu’d better it .(2010·陕西西安交大附中)
A. settle B. fix
C. pick D. crrect
①解析:选A。settle作“安家”讲时,既可用settle,也可用be settled。本题是由nce(一旦)引起的时间状语从句,故用一般现在时表将来。
②解析:选B。由句意可知,因为自行车的车闸坏了,因此要“修理”。
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6. suffer
vt. 遭受;忍受;蒙受
vi.后接frm/fr意为“受……之苦”,“患……疾病”
常用结构:
suffer an attack/a defeat/lsses/pains
遭受打击/失败/损失/痛苦
He suffered hard pains frm the accident.
他忍受着事故带来的痛苦。
D yu suffer frm headaches? 你经常头痛吗?
She’s suffering frm lss f memry. 她患有遗忘症。
联想拓展
sufferer n. 受苦者,受难者
suffering n.痛苦,苦难
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高手过招
(1)单项填空
In the cuntryside there are many drputs (辍学者). I think the difficulty the pr ecnmic cnditins.(2010·浙江嘉兴一轮检测)
A. lies in B. result in
C. leads t D. suffers frm
(2)翻译句子
我们在金融危机中损失惨重。
(1)解析:选A。考查短语辨析。lie in在这里相当于because f。
(2)We suffered huge lsses in the financial crisis.
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重点短语
7. g thrugh
经历;经受;检查;浏览;用完;做完
The cuntry has gne thrugh t many wars.
这个国家经历了太多的战争。
She’s gne thrugh a bad patch recently.
她最近经历了一段困难时期。
Have yu gne thrugh all yur mney already?
你把所有的钱都花完了吗?
I went thrugh the students’ papers last night.
昨晚我仔细阅读了学生的试卷。
联想拓展
g after追求;追赶
g ahead 前进;请说(做)吧
g by走过;(时间)过去
g alng with向前;(与)一起去
g in fr爱好;从事
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g ut 外出;(灯,火)熄灭
g ver 越过;复习
g thrugh with 做完;完成
g up 爬上;(价格等)上升
高手过招
单项填空
①We’d better try t with the experiment, I think. Nw let’s with it.(2010·河南许昌一模)
A. g thrugh; g n B. g n; g ver
C. g ver; g thrugh D. g n; g thrugh
②If a persn has taken t much medicine by mistake, yu shuld make the persn .(2010·平顶山一中月考)
A. g up B. rise up
C. thrw up D. set up
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①解析:选A。g thrugh with sth.意思是“做完,完成”;g n with 意思是“继续”。
②解析:选C。thrw up的意思是“呕吐;吐出”。
8. get sth.dne
让别人做某事/使得某事被做
dne是过去分词作宾语补足语,与have sth. dne句型的用法一样。
get sb./sth. ding使某人/某事物……起来
get sb. t d sth.使/让某人做某事
get dne (状态的改变)get作系动词,相当于be
get away逃脱;离开
get back回来;取回
get by维持生活;通过
get dwn t sth./ding sth.开始认真做某事
get in进站;到达;收集
get ff下来;下车
get n上车;进展;进步
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get crss(对……)生气,发脾气
get in ne’s way挡路,妨碍
get used t ding sth.习惯做某事
get invlved in涉及
get in tuch with和……取得联系
get it了解,懂得,明白
高手过招
(1)单项填空
The final examinatin is cming up sn. It’s time fr us t ur studies. (2010·河南焦作一中月考)
A. get dwn t B. get ut
C. get back fr D. get ver
(2)完成句子(原创)
①讲解后,老师让我们思考起问题来。
Shrtly after the explanatin the teacher gt us .
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②我们将很快为你订制一套新衣服。
We will get a new suit fr yu.
③她试图使他说话。
She tried t get him .
(1)解析:选A。该题根据交际情景考查短语动词的用法。根据题意,此处指开始认真学习,故选A。get dwn t开始认真考虑,符合题意。get ut出去,离开,逃脱,泄露;get back fr回来,恢复;get ver爬过;克服,熬过;恢复,原谅。故B、C、D三项均不符合题意。
(2)①thinking ②made ③t talk
9. set dwn
放下;记下;登记
Passengers may be set dwn and picked up nly at the fficial stps.乘客只有在正式车站方可上下车。
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联想拓展
set abut (ding sth.) 着手(做某事)
set ut (t d sth.)开始,着手(做某事)
set aside留出;不顾
set back(把钟等)往回拨;推迟
set free释放;解放
set ff动身,出发(去某地);使爆炸
set ut动身,出发;安排,组织
set up开办;建立;设立
set an example t树立榜样
set fire t set ... n fire纵火烧
be set in以……为背景
The bad weather set back the building prgramme by several weeks.
由于天气恶劣,建筑计划延误了好几个星期。
We need t set abut finding a slutin.
我们得着手寻找一个解决办法。
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温馨提示
set abut 和set ut都可作“开始/着手做某事”讲,但set abut 后加ding sth., 而set ut后加 t d sth.。
高手过招
单项填空
As sn as he gt t the ffice, he the students’ papers.
(2010·山东济南一中月考)
A. gt dwn t crrect
B. gt dwn t crrecting
C. set dwn t crrecting
D. sit dwn t crrecting
解析:选B。get dwn t意思是“着手做某事”,其中t是介词,
后跟名词或动名词。
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10. n purpse
故意
The by brke Jack’s windw n purpse. He wanted t frighten Jack.
那男孩是故意打破杰克的窗玻璃的,他想吓一下杰克。
联想拓展
purpse n. 目的,用途;目标;重要意义
fr the purpse f 为了……
t little/n purpse 作用不大/徒劳
The purpse f the bk is t prvide a cmplete guide t the university.
这本书的目的是全面介绍这所大学。
高手过招
用purpse的适当形式或短语填空 (原创)
①He didn’t d it .
②What was yur ?
①n purpse ②purpse
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11. jin in
参加;加入
They didn’t have enugh time t jin in the activity.
他们没有足够的时间来参加这个活动。
联想拓展
jin sb. in sth.与某人一起做某事
jin up入伍;参军
jin up with sb.与某人联合;会合
jin hands with sb.与某人拉起手来;合伙;联合
Will yu jin me in a walk? 你愿意和我一起散步吗?
Let us jin hands in friendship.
让我们携手共建友谊吧。
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易混辨析
jin in/jin/take part in/attend
jin in 参加正在进行着的活动。如游戏、讨论、辩论、谈话等。
jin ①参加某组织或团体,并成为其中一员;②来和某人待在一起。
take part in 参加会议或有组织的群众性活动,并在其中发挥一定的作用。
attend 正式用语,指参加会议、仪式、婚礼、葬礼、上课、上学、听报告等,句子的主语是去听去看,自己不一定起积极作用,相当于be present。
高手过招
用jin/jin in/take part in/attend的适当形式填空(原创)
①I decided t the club t have dance training.
②Wuld yu like me t the game?
③I a meeting last mnth.
④I will have t his funeral next week.
①jin ②jin in ③tk part in/attended ④attend
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重点句型
12. yur friend can’t g until he/she finishes cleaning his/her bicycle.
……但是你的朋友不把自行车弄干净不能走。
nt ... until 意为“直到……才”,表示主句谓语的动作直到until状语的时间才发生,主句的谓语动词表示的是动作的开始。until引导从句时,如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动作,则主句用肯定式;如果主句中的谓语动词是短暂性动词,则用否定形式。
“It is/was nt until+被强调的部分+that ...”相当于“Nt until ... did (des, d, is ...)+主语 ...”意为“直到……才”,是强调形式。
Yu must stay in bed until yur temperature is nrmal.
体温正常后,你才能起床。
He didn’t leave until the meeting was ver.
直到会议结束他才离开。
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It was nt until she tk ff her dark glasses that I realized she was a film star.
=Nt until she tk ff her dark glasses did I realize she was a film star.
=I didn’t realize she was a famus film star until she tk ff her dark glasses.
直到她摘下墨镜我才认出她是一位电影明星。
高手过招
单项填空
①Nt until , settle the prblem. (2010·潍坊一轮验收)
A. he returns; can we B. he returns; we can
C. des he returns; we can D. des he return; we can
②It was back hme after the experiment.
A. nt until midnight did he g
B. until midnight that he didn’t g
C. nt until midnight that he went
D. until midnight when he didn’t g
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①解析:选A。当nt until位于句首时句子需倒装。句意为:直到他回来我们才能解决这个问题。
②解析:选C。强调句型It is/was 对nt until ...进行强调时,需把nt until ...放到强调结构中,故选C。
13. While walking the dg, yu were careless and it gt lse and was hit by a car.
遛狗的时候,你太大意了,一松手,狗就被车撞了。
while walking the dg是连词while加现在分词短语结构,强调分词的动作正在发生,相当于while yu were walking the dg。
在时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句中,如果从句的主语与主句的主语一致,谓语含有系动词be,可以省略从句的主语和系动词be。
When crssing the street, yu shuld be careful.
过马路时,你应当小心。
If heated, water can be turned int vapur.
如果受热,水会变成蒸气。
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温馨提示
在状语从句中,如果从句的主语为it时,也可以将it和助动词be省略。
Whenever pssible they wuld stp him and ask the three questins.可能的话,他们就让他停下问他这三个问题。
高手过招
单项填空
① with the size f the whle earth, the biggest cean des nt seem big at all. (2010·山东莱州检测)
A. Cmpares B. When cmparing
C. Cmparing D. When cmpared
② the tw systems, little man fund the latter advantageus.(原创)
A. Cmpare B. When cmpared
C. Cmpared D. When cmparing
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①解析:选D。考查状语从句的省略用法。在状语从句中,如果从句的主语与主句的主语相同或者主语为it时,可以将从句中的主语或者it和助动词be省略。本句是将状语从句“When it is cmpared with the size f the whle earth”中的it is省略,因此正确答案为D。
②解析:选D。考点省略。在状语从句中,当从句中的主语与主句的主语一致,且从句中含有be动词时,通常采用省略形式。句中的little man与cmpare之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系,故选D。
14. I wnder if it’s because I haven’t been able t be utdrs fr s lng that I’ve grwn s crazy abut everything t d with nature. 我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故,我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。
此句中的it’s 是强调句型。关于强调句型,我们需要掌握以下几点:
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(1)强调句型的基本结构:
“It is/was+被强调的成分+that/wh+其他成分”用来强调主语、宾语和状语等成分。that只起连接作用,不作成分,但不能省略。当被强调部分为sb.作宾语时,可用wh,也可用that,其他情况一律用that。强调主语时,that后的谓语动词必须与被强调的主语在人称与数上保持一致。
(2)特殊句式中的强调句型:
①如果强调的是特殊疑问句中的疑问词,表示“到底”、“究竟”等语气时,就用如下结构:
“特殊疑问词+is/was+it+that/wh+该句的其余部分”,that/wh后只能使用陈述语序。
②在“nt ”结构中,由until所引导的短语(或从句)作时间状语时,要用固定的强调句型:“It+is/was+nt until ...+that+该句的其余部分”,that所引导的从句中的谓语动词用肯定式。
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(3)强调句型要注意和it代表时间、距离、温度、自然现象、具体事物或人物等时所构成的各种句型的区别。判断是否是强调句,可采用“还原法”。如果还原为一般句式后,句子各种成分完整,则是强调句,否则不是。
It was three ’clck when I gt hme.
我到家的时候三点。
It was at three ’clck that I gt hme.
三点钟我到的家。
It was in his twn that he was brught up.
他是在镇上被养大的。(强调句)
It was this twn where/in which he was brught up.
这是他被抚养长大的城镇。(定语从句)
(4)英语中常用助动词d, des或did强调谓语。
He did g t the airprt yesterday, but he didn’t find yu.
他昨天确实去了机场,但他没有找到你。
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It is I that/wh am ging fr a hliday with Mary.
是我跟玛丽一块儿去度假。
When is it that we will have a meeting?
我们什么时候开会?
高手过招
单项填空
It is in that pr village, Mary lived and wrked 15 years ag, she will build her first schl, which inspires everyne t help her.(原创)
A. where; when B. that; that
C. that; when D. where; that
解析:选D。句意为:就是在那个她生活和工作了15年的贫穷的村庄,玛丽将要建起她的第一座学校,这一点鼓舞了人们来帮她。第一空为where引导的非限制性定语从句,第二空填that,构成强调句型,强调地点状语。
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15. I dn't want t set dwn a series f facts in a diary as mst peple d ...
我不愿像大多数人那样在日记中记流水账……
as引导的从句为比较状语从句,意为“像大多数人那么做”。
as 用作连词,可引导下列状语从句:
①引导时间状语从句,强调主句谓语与从句谓语的同时性;
②引导让步状语从句,表示“尽管,虽然,即使”(从句需倒装);
③引导方式状语从句,表示“以……方式”;
④引导原因状语从句 (=since; because),意为“由于,因为”;
⑤引导比较状语从句。
As he grew lder he lst interest in everything except gardening.
随着他年纪越来越大,他失去了对所有事物的兴趣,除了园艺。
Cld as it is, my brther wears nly a shirt.
尽管天气冷,我哥哥只穿了一件衬衫。
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Why didn't yu take the medicine as I tld yu t?
为什么你没有按我说的来服这种药?
As yu were nt there, I left a message.
因为当时你不在那,所以我给你留了便条。
She is as tall as yu. 她和你一样高。
高手过招
单项填空
① as he is, he speaks English well. (2010·山西太原一中月考)
A. Little child B. A little child
C. The little child D. Child little
②In sme cuntries, are called “public schls” are nt wned by the public.(2010·11·江西新余一中质量检测)
A. which B. as C. what D. that
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①解析:选B。 在让步状语从句中,作表语的名词如果提前,该名词常省去冠词,但若名词前有修饰语时,就不省略冠词。
②解析:选C。考查what引导的主语从句。what在主语从句中作主语。句意为:在许多国家,所谓的公立学校并非公众拥有。
16. was the first time in a year and a half that I'd seen the night face t face ...
……这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚……
如果前面是“it (will be)is/this (will be)is/that (will be)is+the first/secnd time that ...”句式,表示“某人第几次做某事”。其中,that引导的是定语从句,后面句子的时态用现在完成时;如果前面是it (wuld be)was ..., 后面则用过去完成时。
It is the first time that I have cme t Zhuhai.
这是我第一次来珠海。
It was the secnd time that she had visited Lndn.
那是她第二次游览伦敦。
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温馨提示
如果time前有last修饰,此时我们一般不用完成时态。
注意:the first time可起从属连词的作用,引导时间状语从句;fr the first time意为“第一次”单独用作状语。
This is the last time that I shall give yu a lessn.
这是我最后一次给你们上课了。
高手过招
(1)单项填空
①It's the third time late this week. (原创)
A. that yu are B. yu are
C. when yu arrived D. that yu have been
②It was fr the first time that he t the party.
A. Invited B. had been invited
C. has been invited D. was invited
(2)翻译句子(原创)
This will be the secnd time that I have been t the Great Wall.
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(1)①解析:选D。“It is the +序数词+time+ that从句”为固定句型,从句谓语动词必须用现在完成时。
②解析:选D。it was 是强调结构,句中强调状语“fr the first time”故选D。
(2)这将会是我第二次去长城。
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Unit 2 English arund the wrld
核心单词
1. cmmand
n. & vt. 命令;指令;掌握
The fficer cmmanded his sldiers t fire.
那名军官命令士兵们开火。
A general is a man wh cmmands a large number f sldiers.
将军是统率众多士兵的人。
常用结构:
at/ by sb’s cmmand 听某人支配
take cmmand f 控制
in cmmand f 指挥着
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under ne’s cmmand 由某人的指挥
under the cmmand f sb. 在某人的指挥下
cmmand sb. t d sth. 命令某人做某事
cmmand (=rder) that ... 命令……(从句用虚拟语气,即shuld+ d 形式,shuld可省略)
联想拓展
cmmander n. 指挥官
高手过招
用适当的介词填空(原创)
①Fr the first time in years, she felt she was cmmand
f her life.
②The army is the king’s direct cmmand.
③The plice arrived and tk cmmand the situatin.
①in ②under/at/by ③f
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2. request
vt.&n. 请求;恳求;要求
常用结构:
request sb. t d sth.请求某人做某事
request sth. frm/f sb. 向某人要求某物
request that sb. (shuld) d sth.要求某人做某事
make a request/requests 发出请求
at the request f sb.=at sb.’s request依照某人的请求
易混辨析
request/demand/require
request表示“有礼貌的请求;正式的请求”。
demand表示“有正当权利的要求”,因此含有“坚决或强烈要求”的意思。
require表示“要求所必须的东西;法律、协定、规章以及其他客观情况的要求”。
但它们也有不同之处:
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①require和request都可以接宾语+t d sth.结构,而demand没有此种用法。但可以说demand f sb. t d sth.
②require+动名词时,主动形式的动名词具有被动意义,而demand,request无此种用法。
They are demanding higher wages. 他们要求提高工资。
D yu require anything else? 你还要求(需要)别的吗?
Many peple have requested this next sng.
许多人要求听下面这首歌。
They required me t keep silent. 他们要求我保持沉默。
The letter requested us t leave the huse within six weeks.
这封信要求我们六周内搬出这所房子。
温馨提示
以上三个词的共同点是:从语法上看,request和demand,require都可以接that引导的宾语从句,并且在从句中要使用虚拟语气。
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高手过招
单项填空
①One f the requirements fr a fire is that the material t its burning temperature.(2010·陕西师大附中月考)
A. be heated B. is heated
C. wuld be heated D. d heat
②—Why were yu late fr such an imprtant cncert?
—The plane arrived at the airprt after a f three hurs. (2010·陕西商洛一轮检测)
A. delay B. rest C. tur D. request
①解析:选A。如同require, demand, rder, suggest, advise, insist, request等动词要求其后面的宾语从句使用虚拟语气一样,它们所对应的名词的同位语从句和表语从句也要求使用虚拟语气,即:shuld+动词原形。故选A。
②解析:选A。上句询问“迟到的原因”,因此下句中的名词应是与“迟到”意义有关的名词,所以只能选择“延误”。
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3. recgnize
vt. 辨认出;承认;公认
常用结构:
recgnize sb. 认出某人
recgnize ne’s vice听出某人的声音
recgnize ... as ... 认定;承认……为……
recgnize sb./sth. ... t be ...认为某人/某事物是……
recgnize that ...承认……
When he walked ut f the statin, I recgnized him immediately.
当他从车站里走出来时,我立刻认出了他。
Everyne recgnized him t be the lawful heir/as the lawful heir. 大家都承认他为合法继承人。
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高手过招
单项填空
—Oh, it’s yu! I yu.
—I have just had my hair cut, and I’m wearing new glasses.
(2010·山东淄博六中检测)
A. hadn’t recgnized B. haven’t recgnized
C. didn’t recgnize D. dn’t recgnize
解析:选C。前句的句意为:哦,是你呀!我刚才没有认出你来。
所以要用一般过去时。
4. directin
n. [C] 方向;方面;[U]指导;指挥
常用结构:
in the directin f 朝……的方向(=twards)
in sb’s directin 朝某人的方向(=twards sb.)
under ne’s directin 在……指导下(=under the directin f sb.)
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Tm went ff in ne directin and Jack in anther.
汤姆往一个方向走,杰克往另外一个方向走。
Refrms are needed in many directins. 许多方面都需要改革。
He is walking in the directin f the plice statin.
他正朝警察局的方向走去。
He glanced in her directin and their eyes met.
他朝她这个方向一看,俩人的眼睛相遇了。
The singing grup is under the directin f Mr Lee.
合唱团由李先生指挥。
温馨提示
directin意为“指示;指引;用法说明”等,通常要用复数形式。
注意:表示邮件上的“姓名地址”时,也用复数形式。
Fllw the directins n the medicine bttle.
请按药瓶上的说明服药。
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高手过招
(1)单项填空
Thse wh learn thery must develp the directin f practice. (2010·山东枣庄一轮验收)
A. t B. n C. in D. fr
(2)完成句子 (原创)
①I gave Mary full (地址)t enable her t find the pst ffice.
②He did the wrk (在我的指导下).
(1)解析:选C。in the directin f为固定搭配,意为“朝……方向”。注意不要用介词t。
(2)①directins ②under my directin
重点短语
5. mre than ne
意为“不止一个”,虽然在意义上表示复数,但作主语或修饰主语时,谓语动词用单数,与many a(许多)用法一样;如果mre修饰复数可数名词再跟than ne作主语时,其谓语动词则要用复数。
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Mre than ne member has prtested against the prpsal.
不止一个成员反对这个建议。
Mre than ne persn has been cncerned in this.
这里面涉及的不仅是一个人。
Mre persns than ne have been invlved.
涉及的不仅仅是一个人。
联想拓展
“mre than+ adj.”意为“很;非常”。
在“mre ... than ...”中,肯定“mre”后面的,而否定“than”后面的,意为“是……而不是……”或者“与其……不如……”。
“mre than ... can/culd”是英语里的一个常见结构,可把mre than理解为nt,表示否定,该结构意为“非……所能……;是……所不能……;不是……所能……”。
mre ften than nt 经常;往往
In ding scientific experiments, ne must be mre than careful with the instruments.
做科学实验时,对待仪器必须非常小心才行。
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If yu tell yur father what yu have dne, he will be mre than a little angry.
如果你把所做的事情告诉你父亲,他会非常生气的。
Catherine is mre diligent than intelligent.
与其说凯瑟琳聪明,不如说她勤奋。
高手过招
完成句子(原创)
①当我的老朋友布莱恩怂恿我抽一支烟时,我可再也熬不住了。
When my ld friend Brian urged me t accept a cigarette, it was .
②可能的解释不止一个。
There is .
①mre than I culd bear
②mre than ne pssible explanatin
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6. because f
因为;由于是介词短语,后跟名词、代词或动名词及what从句。
She gt hurt because f what yu’d said.
她因为你的话而受到伤害。
due t 意为“由于”常作表语,也作后置定语和状语。
thanks t意为“多亏;由于”只作状语。
wing t意为“由于”常作状语。
as a result f意为“由于”作状语。
易混辨析
because/as/since/fr
because表示直接原因,语气最强。回答why提出的问题只能用because。在强调句型中,也只能用because。
as用于解释做某事的原因,语气较弱,通常位于主句前。
since表示的原因是指人们已知的事实,常意为“既然”。语气比because弱,但比as强。通常位于主句前,并常与as换用。
fr并列连词,连接并列分句,表示一种补充说明,是推测或判断的理由,语气较弱,不可位于主句前。有时可表示直接原因,相当于because。
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高手过招
单项填空
①Peple crwded n the rad and culd nt g frward the traffic accident sme cars had made.(2010·山西太原五中检测)
A. with B. since
C. because f D. because
②Peple may have different pinins abut Karen, but I admire her. ,she is a great musician.(2010·陕西西安二中检测)
A. After all B. As a result
C. In ther wrds D. As usual
①解析:选C。考查表示“原因”的几个词的用法。since与because都是连词,连接句子,with表示原因时,前面多是形容词。如His face was red with cld.他的脸冻得通红。because f为介词短语,后跟名词或动名词短语,故选C。
②解析:选A。after all毕竟;as a result结果;in ther wrds换句话说;as usual照例。根据题意选择A。
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7. cme up
走近;上来;提出
The little by came up t the stranger and shwed him hw t get t the plice statin.
小男孩向陌生人走去,并告诉他去警察局的路。
We wn’t frget the day when we watched the sun cme up n tp f the Tai Muntain.
我们不会忘记一同在泰山顶看日出的那天。
It is certain that the questin will cme up at the meeting.
这个问题在会议上一定会被提出来的。
The snwdrps are just beginning t cme up.
雪莲花刚刚开始长出地面。
I am afraid smething urgent has cme up.
恐怕发生了什么急事。
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联想拓展
cme true 变成现实,成为现实
cme acrss 邂逅
cme abut 发生
cme at 向……扑来,攻击
cme frm 来自
cme ut 出版;开花;结果是
cme up with 想出
cme rund 绕道而来;苏醒
cme dwn 落下,塌下
cme ver (从远处)来到;横过
cme int use 开始使用
hw cme (表示理解)……怎么回事?
when it cmes t sth.当涉及某事时
Hw cme her French is s bad if she spent 5 years in pairs?
她在巴黎待了5年,但她的法语怎么这么糟糕。
When it cmes t getting things dne, he is useless.
一涉及到做事,他便不中用了。
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高手过招
(1)单项填空
They aren’t afraid when they the difficulties in their study. (2010·河南镇平质量检测)
A. cme up B. cme t
C. cme abut D. cme ut
(2)用cme构成的短语填空(原创)
①The hunter walked acrss the frest when suddenly a
bear him.
②The magazine nce a mnth.
③I wish yu can t England n yur hliday.
④The engineers have new ways f saving energy.
⑤They an ld schl friend in the street this mrning.
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(1)解析:选B。考查短语辨析。cme t此处意为“涉及,提到”;cme abut意为“产生”,如:Hw did the difference between American English and British English cme abut? cme up意为“到来,来到”;cme ut意为“出来,长出,发芽”。
(2)①came at ②cmes ut ③cme ver ④cme up with
⑤came acrss
8. such as
例如……;像这样的
易混辨析
such as/fr example/that is/and s n
such as用来列举事物。通常插在被举例的带有解释性质的事物与前面的需要进行解释的名词之间,意为“比如;诸如……之类的”,可与 like 互换,as 后不能有逗号。
fr example同fr instance一样起到补充说明的作用,表明在众多的内容中仅取一两个例子,可放在举例之前或之后,意为“例如,举个例子”。
Page N.61
that is 是后面列举的事物的总量等于它前面所提到的总和,相当于namely。也用that is t say。
and s n 对几个事物进行列举时,在说了其中的几个以后,用and s n进行概括,说明还有例子,但不一一列出。
Bys like t play balls, such as ftball and basketball.
男孩子喜欢打球,比如足球和篮球。
Sme students, Li Jun, fr example, live in the cuntry.
有些学生,如李军,住在农村。
I have three gd friends, that is, Jhn, Jack and Tm.
我有三个好朋友,即约翰、杰克和汤姆。
There are sme bks, pens, erasers and s n in my bag.
我的书包里有书、笔、橡皮等。
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高手过招
单项填空
A lt f cuntries have gained excellent achievements in space technlgy, China, . (2010·安徽合肥八中检测)
A. such as B. fr example
C. namely D. and s n
解析:选B。四个词中只有fr example 位置灵活,可放在句首、句中或句末。
9. play a part (in)
扮演一个角色;参与
She plays an active part in lcal plitics.
她积极参与地方政治活动。
She played a majr part in the success f the scheme.
她对该计划的成功起了重要作用。
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联想拓展
take part (in sth.)参加, 参与(某事)
the best part f sth.(某事物的)绝大部分(尤指一段时间)
fr the mst part整体上; 通常; 多半
fr my part就我来说
高手过招
翻译句子(原创)
①有多少国家要参加(世界杯赛)?
②对我来说, 到哪儿吃饭都无所谓。
①Hw many cuntries will be taking part (in the Wrld Cup)?
②Fr my part, I dn’t mind where we eat.
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重点句型
10. Which cuntry d yu think has the mst English learners?
你觉得学英语最多的是哪个国家?
d yu think/believe/expect/find/knw/suppse 作为插入语,放在特殊疑问词后,其他内容紧跟其后并用陈述语序。
What time d yu expect we will cme and pick yu up?
你希望我们几点来接你?
What d yu suppse he will d after he hears abut the gd news?
你认为他听到那个好消息后会做什么呢?
Why d yu think their team culd win the ftball match?
你认为他们队为什么能赢得那场足球赛呢?
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高手过招
单项填空
─ is the best ftball player in yur city?
─Jerry. (2010·江苏盐城质量检测)
A. D yu think wh
B. D yu think whm
C. Wh d yu think
D. Whm d yu think
解析:选C。句中主要部分为wh is the best ftball player in yur city。插入语为d yu think。
11. Believe it r nt, there is n such thing as standard English.
信不信由你,(世界上)没有什么标准英语。
(1)believe it r nt在句中用作插入语,意为“信不信由你;我说的是真的”。
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联想拓展
常用作插入语的还有:
generally speaking一般来说
frankly speaking坦白地说
judging frm ...从……来判断
t tell yu the truth说真的;老实说
t be hnest说实在的
t make matters wrse更糟糕的是
高手过招
单项填空
① , bys are strnger than girls.
(2010·江苏徐州质量检测)
A. T speak generally B. Generally t speak
C. Generally speaking D. Generally spken
② the hat he , the man is a sldier.
(2010·浙江温州一模)
A. Judging frm; is wearing C. T judge by; putting
B. Judging by; is having n D. Judged by; is putting
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(1)①解析:选C。插入语generally speaking意为“一般来说”是固定搭配,指常规。
②解析:选A。judging frm为固定搭配,在这里judging不与the man形成逻辑上的主动或被动关系。wear, have n, dress都有“穿,戴”的意思,但搭配和意义不同。wear和have n都可以表示“穿着”的状态,然而have n没有进行时态;dress可以作及物和不及物动词,作不及物动词的意思是“穿衣”,作及物动词时宾语是人。
(2)such上述一类的;诸如此类的
联想拓展
n 没有这样的……
such as例如
像……这样的……
这样……以至于……
易混辨析
such ... that ... /such ... as ...
在such ... that ...结构中,that是从属连词,引导结果状语从句,在从句中不作成分。
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在such ... as ...结构中,as是关系代词,引导定语从句,在从句中常作宾语。
He is reading such a bk as yu brrwed frm the library last week. 他在读的书和你上周从图书馆借来的一样。( as是关系代词,引导定语从句)
He is reading such an interesting bk that I want t brrw it. 他在读的书这么有趣,我想借来读读。(that引导结果状语从句)
高手过招
单项填空
①Exercise is as any ther t lse unwanted weight. (2010·四川成都六中检测)
A. s useful a way B. as a useful way
C. as useful a way D. such a useful way
②I suggest that we shuld take part in mre such activities in future we did yesterday.(2010·江西南昌一中二模)
A. which B. as C. that D. than
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(2)①解析:选C。 结构中出现单数可数名词时,不定冠词和名词应放在形容词之后。只用于否定句,故不能选A。
②解析:选B。当先行词被such修饰时,关系代词用as。
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Unit 3 Travel jurnal
核心单词
1. persuade
vt.说服;劝服;使相信(同cnvince)
常用结构:
persuade sb. f sth. 使某人相信某事
persuade sb. t d sth. 说服某人做某事
persuade sb. int ding sth. 说服某人做某事
persuade sb. ut f ding sth. 说服某人不要做某事
persuade sb. that-clause 使某人相信……
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联想拓展
talk sb. int/ut f ding sth.
=reasn sb. int/ut f ding sth.
说服某人做/不做某事
trick sb. int/ut f ding sth. 诱使某人做/不做某事
urge sb. int/ut f ding sth. 怂恿某人做/不做某事
易混辨析
advise/persuade
advise 强调“劝告,建议”的动作,不注重结果;而persuade强调“已经说服”,重在结果。用法上:advise可跟v.-ing形式作宾语,也可以接that-clause (that sb. shuld d),而persuade则不能。
I persuaded him f its truth. 我使他相信这是真的。
We will persuade him t take the medicine.
我们将说服他把药吃下去。
We persuaded her int taking the jb.
我们说服她接受了这份工作。
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I persuaded my father ut f smking.
我劝服父亲戒了烟。
She persuaded me that death des nt end all.
她说服我相信了死并不能结束一切。
He persuaded her t g t schl, even thugh she did nt want t. 即使她不想去上学,他还是说服她去了。
He advised that we (shuld) leave early.
他建议我们早点出发。
高手过招
单项填空
①Alice trusts yu; nly yu can her t give up the flish idea. (2010·安徽合肥八中检测)
A. suggest B. attract C. tempt D. persuade
②Mr Li n lnger smkes nw because his wife him t give up smking last year. (2010·江苏常州检测题)
A. suggested B. advised
C. persuaded D. tld
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①解析:选D。句意为:爱丽丝信任你,唯有你能说服她放弃这种愚蠢的想法。persuade sb. t d sth. 说服某人做某事;suggest劝说、建议,后不接动词不定式;attract 吸引;tempt 诱惑,引诱,均不符题意。故选D项。
②解析:选C。考查advise sb. t d sth.和persuade sb. t d sth.的区别。advise sb. t d sth. 意思是“劝某人做某事”,强调动作,尤其是表达“劝而不服”时多用此结构;persuade sb. t d sth.意思是“劝服某人做某事”,强调结果。
2. determine
vt. (使)决定,决心要;确定
常用结构:
determine + n. / prn.决(确)定
determine t d sth.决定做某事 (表示动作,是非延续性动词短语)
determine n/upn ...决定……
determine that/what ...决定……
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determine sb.t d sth.使某人决定做某事
determine sb. against sth.使某人决定不做某事
be determined t d sth.决心做某事 (表示状态,可与表示时间段的状语连用)
We determine t g t the railway statin at nce.
我们决定立刻去火车站。
The curt determined that the man was guilty f assault.
法庭裁定那个人犯了侵犯人身罪。
That determined her against leaving hme.
那件事使她决定不离开家了。
联想拓展
determined adj. 坚决的,有决心的
determinatin n. 决心
I was determined t make it as a jazz musician.
我决定要成为一名爵士乐音乐家。
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温馨提示
be determined t d与determine t d 意思基本一致,但前者表示状态,可与某段时间状语连用;后者表示动作,是非延续性的动词短语。类似的短语还有:prepare fr/be prepared fr,wrry abut/be wrried abut。这类结构常考查分词作状语的用法。
高手过招
单项填空
He left schl early and as an adlescent, t make his frtune in America. (2010·江苏城头中学一轮检测)
A. is determined B. had be determined
C. determined D. determining
解析:选C。考查determine的用法。根据句意应使用be determined t结构,此处determined为形容词作伴随状语。
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3. insist
v. 坚持;坚决要求
Yu can cme back later, if yu insist.
如果你一定要坚持,就稍后再来吧。
常用结构:
insist n/upn sth./(sb’s) ding sth.
坚持某事/要求(某人)做某事
insist that (shuld)坚持……
I still insist n my viewpint. 我仍然坚持我的观点。
He insisted n paying fr the meal. 他坚持要付饭钱。
Mther insisted n ur washing the clthes by urselves.
妈妈坚决要求我们自己洗衣服。
温馨提示
insist当“坚决要求”解时,后面的从句应用虚拟语气,即谓语部分用“shuld+动词原形”或直接用动词原形;如果insist当“坚持(认为;说)”解时,后面的从句不用虚拟语气。
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高手过招
单项填空
①The man insisted a taxi fr me even thugh I tld him I lived nearby. (原创)
A. find B. t find
C. n finding D. in finding
②I advised that he t the hspital at nce, but he insisted that he quite well then.(2010·山东寿光一中一轮检测)
A. be sent; was feeling
B. was sent; felt
C. be sent; feel
D. shuld be sent; shuld feel
①解析:选C。insist n ding sth.是习惯搭配,意为“坚持做某事”。
②解析:选A。advise引导宾语从句,从句中的谓语动词不管什么人称都应用shuld d; shuld也可以省去,只用动词原形表述事实。insist在此处意为“坚持认为”。故选A。
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4. nce
用法较多,意思也比较丰富,既可以用作连词,也可以用作副词。
nce用作连词时,意为“一旦……就……”,连接时间状语从句,相当于as sn as。
nce用作副词时,意为“曾经;一度;从前”。它是一个不确定的时间副词,其位置一般是在行为动词之前,系动词之后。
nce用作副词,也可意为“一次”。
Once yu start, yu will never give up.
一旦开始了,你就不要放弃。
Physics is easy t learn nce yu understand the rules.
一旦你理解了规则,物理就不难学了。
Once he lived in America, but nw he lives in England.
他曾经居住在美国,但现在他生活在英国。
His sng was nce very ppular amng the yung peple.
他的歌曾经在年轻人中很流行。
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The ld prfessr cmes t see us nce a week.
那个老教授一周来看我们一次。
Tell us the stry nce mre.把那个故事再给我们讲一遍。
联想拓展
at nce 立刻;马上
nce again再一次;又一次(相当于nce mre)
all at nce突然(相当于suddenly)
nce upn a time很早以前;从前
nce in a while偶尔;间或nce/as sn as
nce偏重于条件,而as sn as偏重于时间。
Once yu see the film, yu’d never frget it(不宜用as sn as).
你一旦看了这部电影,你就永远不会忘记它。
As sn as he gt ff the plane, we wanted t say hell t him(不宜用nce).
他一下飞机,我们就想向他打招呼。
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高手过招
单项填空
① envirnmental damage is dne, it takes many years fr the ecsystem (生态系统) t recver. (原创)
A. Even if B. If nly C. While D. Once
② yu understand this rule, yu’ll have n further difficulty. (2010·山东烟台质量检测)
A. Once B. Unless C. As D. Until
①解析:选D。句子为nce引导的时间状语从句,意为“一旦;一……就……”。句意为:一旦环境遭到损害,就需要许多年才能使生态系统恢复。even if引导让步状语从句,意为“尽管”。if nly意为“要是……就好了”,引导从句的谓语动词常用虚拟语气。while意为“当……的时候”,引导从句的谓语动词必须是延续性动词。故选D。
②解析:选A。考查由nce引导的时间状语从句,意为“一旦”。句意为:一旦明白了这条规则,就再也没有困难了。
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5. view
n. 风景;视野;观点;见解
vt. 观看;注视;考虑
The huse has a view ver the sea.
这座房子面向大海,视野开阔。
What is yur view n schl punishments?
你对学校的处罚有什么看法?
The plan was viewed favrably.这项计划是受到称赞的。
联想拓展
in ne’s view 在某人看来
cme int view 进入视野,看得见
in full view (f sb./sth.) 完全看得见
in view f sth. 鉴于,考虑到,由于
with a view t sth./t ding sth.为了,指望
Several pssible buyers have cme t view the huse.
几个可能是买主的人来看过房子。
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高手过招
单项填空
On the tp f this muntain, yu can get a wnderful f the nearby hills. (2010·山西太原五中检测)
sight B. view C. distance D. lk
解析:选B。get a view f为固定搭配,意为“看到……的景象”。
重点短语
6. care abut
关心;担心;在乎;喜欢
I really care abut my wrk. 我真的关心我的工作。
联想拓展
care fr 喜爱;照顾;重视
take care 当心
take care f 照料; 关怀; 处理
under the care f
由……管理, 在……的照料下, 在……的保护下
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with care 小心, 慎重
She desn’t care fr that clur.她不喜欢那种颜色。
He spent years caring fr his sick mther.
他数年里一直在照顾生病的母亲。
I d care fr what my teacher says.
我的确尊重老师说的话。
高手过招
(1)单项填空
That ld man is s greedy(贪婪的) that he nthing but mney, nt even his relatives. (原创)
A. lk abut B. search fr
C. cares abut D. takes care f
(2)完成句子 (原创)
①他一点也不关心别人,只想着自己。
He desn’t care ther peple at all; he is always thinking f himself.
②爱因斯坦对金钱不感兴趣,对薪水也不计较。
Einstein wh cared little mney never cared his salary.
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(1)解析:选C。考查短语辨析。lk abut到处看;search fr寻找,相当于lk fr;care abut关心;在乎;take care f照料。
(2)①abut②fr; abut
7. change ne’s mind
改变主意
Maybe yu’ll change yur mind after thinking it ver.
也许你仔细考虑之后会改变主意。
联想拓展
make up ne’s mind (t d) 下定决心(做某事)
have a/n mind t d 有/无意做……
lse ne’s mind 失去理智
read ne’s mind 看出某人的心思
speak ne’s mind 直言不讳
be f the same mind 意见一致
be in/f tw minds 拿不定主意
give ne’s mind t 注意……
keep ne’s mind n 专心于……
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take ne’s mind ff sth. 转移某人的注意
bear/keep sth. in mind 记住某事
bring/call sth. t mind 回忆某事
put ne’s mind t sth. 全神贯注于某事
I have made up my mind t leave, and nthing yu say will change it.
我已经下定决心要离开,不管你说什么我都不会改变主意了。
①I’ve made up my mind t be a dctr.
②Nthing will make me change my mind.
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8. give in
屈服,让步,投降;上交
联想拓展
give in (t sb./sth.) 向……让步
give up sth./ding 放弃(做)某事
give away 赠送;泄露
give back 归还;恢复
give ff 放出,散发(光、热、烟、气味等)
give ut分配;分发;发布;(食物,燃料,电力等)被用光;筋疲力尽
Seeing that he culd nt persuade me, he had t give in (t my view). 由于无法说服我,他不得不让步。
Our fd supply at last gives ut.
我们的食物终于用完了。
His strength gave ut.
他已筋疲力尽。
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高手过招
单项填空
It is always the husband wh first when a quarrel breaks ut between the yung cuple. (2010·山东聊城检测)
A. give away B. gives ut C. gives in D. gives ff
解析:选C。考查动词短语辨析。句意为:当年轻夫妻之间发生争吵时,最先让步的总是丈夫。give away 赠送,泄露,出卖;give ut 分发,用完,消耗尽;give in 投降,屈服,让步;give ff 放出,散发出。
重点句型
9. Which kind f transprt d yu prefer t use: bus r train?
汽车和火车,你更喜欢使用哪种交通方式?
prefer t d (rather than d) 意为“宁可;宁愿(表选择)”或者“更喜欢做某事”。 其本身带有like better的含义,所以不能再与表示程度的better或mre连用。
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联想拓展
prefer sth. 喜欢某事/物
prefer ding sth. 更喜欢做某事
prefer+t d sth. (表示特定场合下)更喜欢做某事
prefer sb. t d sth. 宁愿某人做某事
prefer A t B/prefer ding A t ding B
宁愿……而不愿……
prefer t d A rather than d B
宁愿做A而不愿做B
prefer + that-clause (虚拟语气)+(shuld) +d
喜欢做某事
D yu prefer cking fr yurself r eating in a restaurant?
你是喜欢自己做饭还是下馆子?
Their father prefers them t be hme early.
他们的父亲宁愿他们早点回家。
I prefer writing a term paper t taking an examinatin.
我宁愿写一篇学术论文也不愿参加考试。
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He preferred t die rather than becme a traitr.
他宁死也不做叛徒。
Wuld yu prefer that I(shuld)cme n Mnday instead f n Tuesday? 你宁愿让我星期一来而不是星期二来吗?
高手过招
单项填空
My sister singing dancing while I dance sing. (原创)
A. prefers; t; wuld rather; than
B. wuld rather; than; prefer; t
C. prefers; rather than; wuld rather; t
D. wuld rather; t; prefer; t
解析:选A。考查固定搭配。prefer的搭配是prefer t d rather than d或prefer ding t ding;wuld rather的搭配是wuld rather d than d或wuld d rather than d,因此A项正确。
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10. When I tld her the air wuld be hard t breathe and it wuld be very cld, she said it wuld be an interesting experience.
当我告诉她那里空气稀薄,呼吸困难,而且天气很冷时,她却说这将是一次有趣的经历。
“ air wuld be hard t breathe ...”是“主语+系动词+形容词+不定式”结构,其中不定式的谓语与主语在意义上是动宾关系,但要用主动形式表示被动意义,不定式后面如果是不及物动词要在其后加适当的介词与主语构成动宾关系。这一类的形容词通常可以描绘主语的情绪、态度、品质属性或者难易程度,如hard, difficult, easy, nice, interesting, imprtant, pleasant和cmfrtable等。
Yur writing is impssible t read. 你写的字太难辨认了。
D yu think the water is safe t drink?
你认为这水喝起来安全吗?
The chair lks rather hard, but it is very cmfrtable t sit n. 这把椅子看上去很硬,但坐起来很舒服。
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高手过招
完成句子 (原创)
①有时候她很不容易理解。
She was difficult at times.
②他是唯一一个被授予这种荣誉的外国人。
He was the nly freigner such an hnur.
①t understand ②t be given
11. A determined persn always tries t finish the jb, n matter hw hard it is.
有决心的人总是努力完成工作,不管它有多么难。
n matter hw ...引导让步状语从句,意为“无论多么……”,hw后跟形容词或副词,相当于“hwever + adj./adv.”句式。
联想拓展
n matter意为“无论;不管”时,引导让步状语从句,常用于下列句型中:n matter what (wh/when etc. )... 分别表示“无论何事”、“无论何人”、“无论何时”等,这个从句可以置于主句之前,也可以置于主句之后。n matter后接关系代词或关系副词引导的状语从句在句中作让步状语。
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注意:whatever, hwever, whever etc.可引导状语从句,也可引导名词性从句。
N matter what happened, he wuld nt mind.
=Whatever happened, he wuld nt mind.
不管发生什么,他都不在意。
(错)Prisners have t eat n matter what they’re given.
(对)Prisners have t eat whatever they’re given.
囚犯们只能给什么吃什么。
N matter hw hard he wrks, he can nt get a prmtin.
不管他工作多努力, 他就是得不到提升。
N matter what yu d, yu must be very careful.
不管做什么事,你都必须非常细心。
N matter wh yu are (=Whever yu are), I’ll never let yu in.无论你是谁,我绝不让你进去。
N matter which yu chse(=Whichever yu chse), yu will be satisfied. 不论你选择哪一个,你都会满意的。
N matter where I g (=Wherever I g), I will be thinking f yu. 无论我去哪里,我都会想着你。
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高手过招
单项填空
① the prblem may be, we must slve it urselves.(2010·山东威海一轮验收)
A. Whatever difficult B. Hw difficult
C. Hwever difficult D. N matter what difficult
②It is generally cnsidered unwise t give a child he r she wants. (2010·山东枣庄检测)
A. hwever B. whatever
C. whichever D. whenever
①解析:选C。句意为:不管问题有多难,我们都要独立解决。 difficult为形容词,因此用hw修饰,表示程度。hwever在这里没有转折的意思,相当于n matter hw,因此答案为C。
②解析:选B。考查从属关联词的用法。whatever等于anything that或everything that,引导宾语从句。whatever一方面起引导词的作用,同时作从句中wants的宾语。
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Unit 4 Earthquakes
核心单词
1. burst
vt. & vi. (burst, bursting)爆炸;胀裂;突然而起;闯入;
充满;满盈;n. 突然破裂;爆发
联想拓展
burst ut 迸发;突然发作;突然……起来
burst pen推开;忽然打开; 裂开
burst thrugh冲开;冲破;拨开
burst in upn打断(谈话等);突然出现; 突然到达
burst in/ int闯入; 突然出现; 突然……起来; 突然发作
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另外,burst int后接名词时可表示不同的意义:
burst int laughter突然大笑起来
burst int tears突然大哭起来
burst int cheers突然欢呼起来
burst ut后接动名词也表示同样的意思
burst ut laughing/crying 突然大笑/哭起来
高手过招
单项填空
Every time he thught f his past, he culdn’t help bursting .
(2010·济南一模)
A. when; ut tears B. that; int crying
C. which; int tears D. /; ut crying
解析:选D。burst ut后接v.-ing形式,every time 相当于连词,
引导状语从句。故选D。
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2. event
n. 事件;大事;比赛项目
The new bk was the cultural event f the year.
这本新书的出版是今年文化界的大事。
Cming events cast their shadws befre.
未来之事先有征兆。
The next event will be the 100-metre race.
下一个比赛项目是100米赛跑。
常用结构:
at all events 无论怎样
in any event 无论如何
in the event f 万一;倘若
In the event f rain, the game will be pstpned.
要是下雨,球赛就延期。
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易混辨析
ccurrence/event/incident/accident
ccurrence系常用词, 指“任何发生的事件”。
event 指“有重要意义的历史事件、重大事件”。
incident指“事件”, 尤指“比较不重要的小事件”。
accident指“意外事故”。
高手过招
单项填空
①The Natinal Day and the Internatinal Labur Day are
great in ur cuntry.(2010·河南镇平二轮)
A. things B. incidents
C. accidents D. events
②Hw many are ging t be held in this Summer Olympic Games?(2010·江苏启东一轮)
A. accidents B. incidents
C. events D. sprts
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①解析:选D。考查词义辨析。things是普通用词,指“情况;状况”;incident意为“事情;发生的事(常指小事)”;accident意为“事故”,强调未预料到的事情;event的意为“事件”,多指大事件。
②解析:选C。考查词义辨析。accident意为“事故”,指没有料到的恶性事件。incident指“事件”,多指不是很重要的事情。event多指“政治性的事件”,尤指大事。event也可以指(体育运动中的)比赛项目。
3. rescue
n.&vt. 援救,营救
常用结构:
rescue sb./ sth. frm sb./ sp. 把……从……营救出来
cme t/ g t sb’s rescue = rescue sb. 援救某人
a rescue team 救援队
a rescue missin 救援任务
rescue wrkers 救援人员
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The plice came t his rescue and pulled him ut f the river.
警察来救他,把他从河里拉了出来。
The rescue team made cuntless rescues during the earthquake.
营救队在这次地震期间进行了无数次救援。
Michael rescued a by frm drwning.
迈克尔把溺水的男孩救了起来。
高手过招
用rescue的适当形式填空(原创)
①The mther, alng with her tw children, frm the sinking bat by a passing ship.
②The firemen five children frm the burning huse yesterday.
①has been rescued ②rescued
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4. judge
n. 法官;鉴赏家;裁判
vt.判断;估计
His father used t be a judge. 他的父亲过去是一名法官。
She’s a gd judge f wine. 她是鉴别酒的专家。
The blind can’t judge clurs. 盲人无法判断颜色。
Dn’t judge a man by his lks. 不要以貌取人。
联想拓展
judgment n.判断,辨别力
judge sb./ sth. by/frm 通过……判断……
as far as I judge 我认为
judging frm...从……来看, 根据……判断
Judging frm what he said, he must be an hnest man.
从他所说的话来看,他是个诚实的人。
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高手过招
(1)单项填空
the hat he , the ld man is a farmer.(2010·山东日照检测)
A. Judging frm; is wearing
B. Judging by; is having n
C. T judge by; putting
D. Judged by; is putting
(2)用judge的适当形式填空(原创)
① frm his appearance, he must be a rich man.
②In her , he must be frm the suth.
(1)解析:选A。judging frm为固定搭配,此处judging不与the ld man形成逻辑主动或被动关系。wear, have n, dress都有“穿,戴”的意思,但搭配和意义不同。wear和have n都可以表示“穿着”的状态,然而have n没有进行时态;dress可以作及物和不及物动词,作不及物动词时意为“穿衣”,作及物动词时宾语是人。
(2)①Judging ②judgment
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5. ruin
vt. 毁坏;毁灭。既可指实际的东西,也可指抽象的东西。
n.[U]毁坏;毁灭 [C](常用作复数)废墟
联想拓展
in ruins严重损坏;破败不堪;落空
bring cme t ruin使某人失败;使倾家荡产
bring ruin upn neself自取灭亡
fall/g t ruin毁灭, 灭亡; 崩溃; 破坏掉
ruin neself毁掉自己
易混辨析
destry/ruin/damage/harm
destry 表示在肉体上、精神上或道义上的彻底摧毁,使之无法恢复,也可以表示对某物体进行完全的毁坏。
ruin一般指对物体或生命彻底的破坏,但往往是非暴力的,也往往不是一次性打击的结果,常指对美好的或希望中的事物的破坏。
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damage 一般指对物体或生命的局部损伤,使整体的价值或作用降低或变得无价值、无作用。这种损伤可以是暴力的或一次性破坏的结果,也可以指非暴力的长期损害的结果。
harm 一般指伤害有生命的东西,常指伤及人的健康、权利、事业等。
What he faced ruined his hpe.
他所面对的使他的希望破灭了。
The whle city was destryed in the earthquake.
整个城市在地震中被毁掉了。
Laziness will ruin ne’s prspects. 懒惰会使人自毁前程。
We wanted t have a lk at the ruins f Pmpeii.
我们想看一下庞贝城的废墟。
They managed t repair the huses that had been damaged.
他们设法修复了受到破坏的房子。
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高手过招
单项填空
①I was by that law case. I’m a man. (2010·11·西安月考)
A. ruined; ruined B. ruined; destrying
C. damaged; destryed D. destryed; damaging
②Many ld temples ruins are nw being rebuilt. (原创)
A. n B. by C. with D. in
①解析:选A。句意为:我被那场官司搞得倾家荡产,不名一文。ruin常用于借喻中,指损坏到了不能再使用的程度;damage不能指人,只指物;destry指完全彻底地破坏,含有无法修复之意,也可用于借喻。第二个空应用过去分词作定语,表被动和完成之意。
②解析:选D。in ruins为固定搭配,意为“处于颓废状态”。
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6. bury
vt.埋葬;掩埋;使沉浸于
联想拓展
be buried alive 被活埋
be buried under 为……所压倒;沉浸于,忙于
bury (neself) in 埋头于;专心于;退居于(乡间等)
=be buried in
bury ne’s head in the sand
自欺欺人,逃避现实(来自鸵鸟的习性)
The huse was half buried under snw.
房子一半被埋在雪中。
If yu cntinue t bury yur head in the sand and refuse t recgnize the fact that sme f yur classmates are catching up with yu, it wn’t be lng befre yu find yurself left behind.
如果你再拒绝承认你的一些同班同学已经赶上来了这一事实,那么不用多久,你就会发现自己落后了。
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高手过招
选词填空(burying/buried)(原创)
I have a sigh, my head in my hands.
buried
重点短语
7. right away
立刻,马上
I’ll return the bk t yu right away. 我会马上还书给你。
If war breaks ut, we shall be called up right away.
如果战争爆发,我们将立即被征召服役。
联想拓展
right nw=at nce=immediately=in n time立刻,马上
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(1)解析:选D。考查短语辨析。in n time意为“片刻之后”,而
in a flash意为“片刻之间”。
(2)I want it typed right away, please.
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8. think f
认为;考虑
联想拓展
think prly f不放在眼里;轻视
think twice 再三考虑
think little/nthing f轻视;忽略
think much/highly f重视;看重,评价高
What d yu think f 认为……怎么样?
think abut考虑;回想;想起
think f考虑;记忆,记起
think sth. ver仔细想;谨慎思考;作进一步考虑
think sth. ut认真考虑;仔细盘算
think sth. up想出,发明
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The gvernment thinks highly f his inventin because it will benefit the whle cuntry.
政府非常重视他的发明,因为它将有益于全国人民。
The flish bss thught little f my suggestins n that prject.
那个愚蠢的老板根本就不重视我对那项工程的建议。
He is thinking abut travelling in the summer hlidays.
他正在考虑暑假旅游的事。
I can’t think f his name at the mment.
我一时想不起他的名字。
Please think ver what I said. 请仔细考虑我说的话。
He thught ut a new idea. 他盘算出了一个新主意。
高手过招
单项填空
①Hw did yu think such a clever way ut f difficulty? (原创)
A. ver B. abut C. up D. n
②Can yu a way f slving the prblem? (原创)
A. discver B. invent up C. think up D. invent
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①解析:选C。句意为:你怎样想出如此明智的办法摆脱困境?其他选项与think搭配无“想出”之意。
②解析:选C。think up在这里相当于think f,意为“考虑,思考”。
9. at an end
结束,终结(= finish)
联想拓展
end n.&v. 结事,终结
与end搭配的常用短语
at the end f在……末尾
by the end f到……末为止
in the end最后,终于
at a lse end无所事事;处于杂乱状态
make ends meet收支相抵
The war was finally at an end.战争终于结束了。
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①by the end f ②in the end ③at the end f
10. instead f
代替,而不是
The Chinese use chpsticks instead f knives and frks.
中国人不用刀叉,用筷子。
Instead f wrking, Jack was idling away his time.
杰克不去工作,虚度着光阴。
She decided t leave here n Sunday instead f Mnday.
她决定星期日而不是星期一离开这里。
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易混辨析
instead/instead f/in place f/take the place f
instead 是副词,单独使用,用于句首或句末作状语,意为“而是,相反”。
instead f 是复合介词,后接名词、代词、或动名词,意为“代替、而不……”。
in place f 为介词短语,也是“代替、而不”的意思,表示“以甲代乙”,而instead f则是“用甲不用乙”,除“代替”外,还有对乙否定的意思,有时意为“不”。
take the place f (replace)作谓语,用在名词、代词前。
高手过招
单项填空
①—I think we shuld buy a new curtain this ne.
—Yes. It lks a bit ugly .(2010·江西赣州一轮)
A. t replace; as it is
B. t in place f; nw
C. t take the place f; as it was
D. instead f; than that ne
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②We will g there n ft by bus. What abut yu? (2010·11·福建福州月考)
A. instead B. instead f C. withut D. but
①解析:选A。t replace为不定式作目的状语。as it is意为“现在的样子”。
②解析:选B。 instead f意为“用一种形式代替另一种形式”。C项有一定干扰性,withut意为“在没有……的情况下”,因此不合题意。
11. the number f
意为“……的数量、数目”,作主语时谓语动词用单数;a number f意为“一些,很多”,相当于 many, 后接可数名词复数,当它作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
The number f cmpetitrs is limit.
参赛者的数量是有限的。
A number f prblems have arisen. 已经出现了一些问题。
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a large /great/gd number f;a great/gd many;a gd few/quite a few+可数名词复数,意为“大量的”;
a great/gd deal; a great/ large amunt f; quite a little+ 不可数名词,意为“大量的”;
a lt f/lts f; a great /large quantity f; large quantities f/ plenty f +可数名词复数/不可数名词均可,意为“大量的”。但是a great/large quantity f ..., large quantities f ...作主语时谓语动词与quantity形式一致。
高手过招
单项填空
During the past tw years, the number f autmbile accidents in New Yrk City decreased.(2010·11·山东烟台月考)
A. have B. has
C. was D. were
解析:选B。the number f+复数名词,其主语是number,故谓语动词用单数,意为“……的数量”。
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重点句型
12. In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were t nervus t eat.
农家大院里的鸡,甚至猪都紧张得不吃食。
“t + adj./adv.+动词不定式”结构简称为“t ... t”结构,在大多数情况下表示否定意义,通常可意为“太……而不能……;太……无法……”。
“t ”结构表示否定的常见句型有:
t +adj./adv. + t d,有时t后也可跟一个起形容词作用的过去分词。
t ... t/t be dne形式。这是“t ”结构中不定式为被动式时的变体,如果主语是不定式动作的承受者,不定式既可以用主动式,也可以用被动式,此时用主动式虽然在形式上是主动的,但在意义上却是被动的。
t + adj. + a (an) + n.+ t + v./t be dne形式。这个句型在t+ adj.后再接一个带不定冠词的名词,不定冠词一定要放置于形容词后。与此同时,只有当t后形容词修饰一个可数名词时,才可以在形容词与名词间加不定冠词“a/an”。当句子主语能发出该不定式的动作时,可以用t + v.的主动式,当主语是该不定式动作的承受者时,则用t be + v.-ed的被动式。
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温馨提示
并不是所有“t ”结构的句子都表示否定意义,在下列情况下,“t ”结构可以表示肯定意义:
“t ”结构之前带有but, nly, all, never, nt时,是强调肯定的表示法,意为“非常……,十分……,实在……,真是太……”等。
“t ”结构中带有表示某种心情或描绘性的形容词或副词,如ready,eager, satisfied, kind, willing, easy, anxius等加动词不定式结合成一个不可分割的状态、态度、倾向或心情等,并且其后的不定式不是说明t的具体内容,而是修饰形容词,故不定式不再表示结果。
在“t ”结构中,不定式为否定式时,是构成的双重否定,其意为“非常/很/太/那么……不会不/必定能/所以能……”,也不表示否定意义。
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I,m t tired t think f anything nw.
我太累了,什么也不能想了。
The tea is t ht t drink/t be drunk. 茶太热,不能喝。
The shes are t badly brken t be mended.
这些鞋子破烂得不能修补。
He,s t experienced an artist t mind what the critics say. (=As an artist he,s t experienced t mind what the critics say.)
他是个经验非常丰富的艺术家,不会介意批评家说些什么。
He is t experienced an artist t be wrried by what the critics say.
他是一个经验非常丰富的艺术家,不至于为批评家们的议论而担忧。
I am but t glad t d s. 我非常喜欢这样做。
He was t anxius t d this jb. 他非常想做这件工作。
The girl is t careful nt t d it well.
这姑娘很细心,完全能做好那件事。
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高手过招
单项填空
—He seems tired t d it.
—But I am nly glad t d it.(2010·江苏常州一轮)
A. very; t B. extremely; t
t; t D. very; very
解析:选C。第一空为t 太……而不能……,第二空前有nly所以t 强调肯定,意为“非常、十分”。
13. It seemed as if the wrld was at an end!
仿佛到了世界末日!
联想拓展
as if=as thugh意为“仿佛,像,似乎”。通常用在be,lk,seem,sund,taste,smell及feel等连系动词的后面。如果表示真实情况应该用陈述语气;如果表示非真实情况则应该用虚拟语气, 其谓语动词的虚拟式与wish后面宾语从句中谓语动词的虚拟式相同。引导方式状语从句时也要用虚拟语气。
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注意:as if (thugh)后面除了跟句子外,还可以跟名词、动词不定式、形容词(短语)、介词短语和分词。
另外,as if (thugh)还可以表达感叹语气,来对某项建议、假设和推测表示不赞成、惊讶、不满和厌恶等。
Hw wild his white hair lked as if it had been electrified! 他的白发十分凌乱,好像触了电似的。(虚拟语气)
She seems as if she is ging t cry. 她似乎要哭了。
(陈述事实)
As if anyne wuld believe that stry!
好像有人竟会相信那样的事!
As if we were all stupid and he alne clever!
哼,就仿佛我们都是傻瓜,只有他一个人聪明似的。
He raised his hand as if t take ff his hat.
他举起他的手,好像要取下帽子。
He behaved as if nthing had happened.
他表现的好像什么也没发生。
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高手过招
(1)单项填空
—Will yu g t the exhibitin tmrrw?
—Yes, I will g it,s windy.(2010·11·山东滨州月考)
A. as if B. even thugh
C. as sn as D. as thugh
(2)翻译句子(原创)
①你像是见了鬼似的。
②这个男孩向四周察看,像在寻找什么东西。
(1)解析:选B。even thugh相当于even if,引导让步状语从句,意为“即使”;as if(thugh)引导方式状语从句;as sn as引导时间状语从句。
(2)①Yu lked as if yu had seen a ghst.
②The by lked abut as if in search f smething.
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14. All hpe was nt lst.
不是所有的希望都破灭了。
all, bth, each, every, everyne, everything, always, whle, whlly, entirely, altgether等具有总括意义的词后跟否定词nt连用时,一般都表示部分否定,其中all, bth, each, every无论在nt之前还是之后,都表示部分否定。
但如果句子中出现下列单词或短语则该句为全部否定:nne f+n./prn.; neither+n./prn.; n+n.; nthing;nbdy;neither;never;nwhere;neither ... nr等。
All that glitters is nt gld. 发光的不一定都是金子。
Nt all bdy languages mean the same thing in different cuntries.
并非所有的肢体语言在不同的国家里都有相同的意思。
Each machine here is nt prduced in ur plant.
这里的机器不全是我们厂生产的。
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高手过招
单项填空
We culdn’t eat in a restaurant because f us
had mney n us. (原创)
A. all; n B. any; n
C. nne; any D. n ne; any
解析:选C。考查全部否定。句意为:因为我们大家身上都没带钱,所以不能在饭店里吃饭。故选C项。
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Unit 5 Nelsn Mandela-a mdern her
核心单词
1. quality
n. [U,C]质,质量,品质;特性(既可用于描述物品,也用于描述人物)
[C]性质;特性;特点
Mdesty is ne f his gd qualities.
谦虚是他的美德之一。
One quality f wd is that it can burn.
木料的一个特点是能燃烧。
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常用结构:
high quality 优质
pr quality 劣质
average quality 一般的品质
Wine f high quality csts mre than that f pr quality.
优质的葡萄酒比劣质的葡萄酒价格要高。
易混辨析
quality/quantity
quality 质,质量
quantity 数量;大量
Fr study, quality ften matters mre than quantity.
就学习而言,质量往往比数量更重要。
Quantities f fd were n the table. 桌上摆了大量食物。
There is a small quantity f water left in the bttle.
瓶子里还剩下少量的水。
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高手过招
完成句子(原创)
①他仔细检查家具的品质。
He examined carefully.
②他具备了一个成功商人应具有的所有品质。
He has f a successful businessman.
①the quality f the furniture
②all the qualities
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2. devte
vt.献身;专心于
常用结构:
devte neself/ne’s energy/ne’s time t (ding) sth.
奉献/精力/时间于某事
sb. be devted t (ding) sth. 某人献身做某事
He devted all his life t China’s aviatin.
他的一生都奉献给了中国的航空事业。
He’s devted his whle life t the prtectin f the rare animals. 他终生献身于保护珍稀动物。
He is devted t helping the pr. 他致力于帮助穷困的
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联想拓展
类似于devte ... t ... 的结构中t为介词的词组还有:
bject t 反对 attend t 办理;照顾;注意听
lk frward t 期待;盼望be ppsed t 反对
devte ... t 贡献给……stick t 坚持
lead t 导致pay attentin t 注意到
be related t 与……有关see t 务必做到; 负责……
refer t 提到;指的是turn t 翻到; 求助于
高手过招
单项填空
The idea fr the new machine came t Mr Baker t his inventin. (2010·陕西师大附中月考)
A. while he was devted B. while devting
C. while devting himself D. while devted
解析:选A。考查be devted t这一结构。注意不要误选D项,因为主句的主语the idea与从句的主语Mr Baker/he不一致,因此从句中的主语和谓语动词he was不能省略。
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3. equal
adj.相同的;平等的
vt.等于,比得上
n.同等/相等的人或物
He asked us t cut the apple int three equal pieces.
他让我们把苹果切成三等份。
Nne f us can equal her in intelligence.
我们中没人能在智力方面比得上她。
常用结构:
be equal t sth./ding sth.胜任某事/ 做某事
A equals BA等于B
withut equal/have n equal 无与伦比/无比
Are yu equal t (ding) the task?你能胜任这项工作吗?
Ya Ming is a basketball player withut equal in China.
在中国,姚明是个无与伦比的篮球运动员。
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高手过招
单项填空
He dubted whether she wuld be t the task. (原创)
equal B. similar C. familiar D. cntent
解析:选A。be equal t sth. 胜任,符合句意。cntent意为“满意的,满足的”不符句意,其他选项也均与句意不符。
4. reward
n.报答;酬金(为某些特殊服务提供或给予的金钱)
vt.酬谢,奖赏;报应;惩罚(坏人或坏事)
常用结构:
as a reward (fr) 作为(对某事的)报酬(或奖赏)
give/ ffer a reward t sb. fr sth. 为某事而给某人报酬
in reward fr 为酬答……;作为奖励……
reward sb.(with ...)fr sth. 为某事(而以……)报答……
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易混辨析
reward/award/prize
reward表示“奖赏,酬谢”,动词只能以人或人的行为作宾语,名词表示某人因做了某事而应得到某东西。
award 作名词指正式或官方 “给予,颁发,授予”(奖章,奖金等),也可以指法庭裁决;作动词时可以跟两个宾语,award sb. sth.把某物授予/判给某人。
prize只能作名词,表示“奖赏、奖金、奖品”,尤指在比赛中获得的荣誉。
It’s a reward fr virtue.那是对美德的回报。
It is unfair that he gets very little in reward fr his hard wrk. 他工作很辛苦,报酬却很少,这不公平。
Hw can I reward yur kindness?
我如何酬谢你的好意呢?
Jim rewarded the by a pund fr bringing back the lst dg.
男孩把吉姆丢失的狗带了回来,为此吉姆奖赏给他一英镑。
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高手过招
单项填空
①Martin Luther King, a great Black leader in the mvement against racial discriminatin, was the Nbel Prize fr peace fr his utstanding cntributin t wrld peace. (2010·11·河南洛阳月考)
A. rewarded B. given C. awarded D. ffered
②They the winners with gifts f fruit and flwers. (原创)
A. rewarded B. awarded C. charged D. paid
③The girl gt nthing in fr her kindness, which made her very sad.
A. prize B. award C. medals D. reward
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①解析:选C。句意为:反对种族歧视运动的杰出黑人领袖马丁·路德·金,因其对世界和平的突出贡献而被授予诺贝尔和平奖。award指正式或官方的“授予,颁发”。
②解析:选A。考查固定搭配。句意为:他们送给获胜者水果和鲜花作为奖赏。reward sb. with ...用……酬劳某人。
③解析:选D。由句意可知,应该是对做好事的报答。in reward fr 为……而报答。
重点短语
5. ut f wrk
失业
Jim has been ut f wrk fr several mnths.
吉姆已经失业几个月了。
Mary’s cell phne has been ut f wrk fr several days, which brught her a lt f incnvenience.
玛丽的手机坏了好几天了,这给她带来了很多不便。
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联想拓展
in wrk有工作
ut f breath上气不接下气
ut f patience 不耐烦
ut f use 没用了
ut f date过时
ut f rder次序颠倒;出故障
ut f cntrl失控
ut f danger脱离危险
ut f shape变形
Out f sight, ut f mind.眼不见, 心不烦。
高手过招
用适当的介词(短语)填空 (原创)
①Althugh my cmputer is date nw, it's still use.
②After the furth peratin, the patient has been danger.
①ut f; in ②ut f
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6. as a matter f fact
事实上
It was cld. As a matter f fact, it was freezing.
天很冷。事实上,冷得要命。
联想拓展
as a matter f fact=in fact/in actual fact/actually/in
reality/t tell the truth 实际上;事实
t make matters wrse 让事情更糟糕的是
it desn’t matter 没有关系
高手过招
单项填空
It rained that day. , ur car brke dwn n the way. (2010·江苏泰州一轮检测)
A. In fact B. Actually
C. T make matters wrse D. T tell the truth
解析:选C。t make matters wrse让事情更糟糕的是。根据句
意可知,C项符合。
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7. blw up
vi.爆炸;突然严峻;大发雷霆
vt. 炸毁;给……充气;放大(照片)
My father blew up when I didn't cme hme last night.
我昨晚没回家,父亲大发雷霆。
Stp at the gas statin and we'll blw up the tyres.
在加油站停一下,我们要给轮胎打气。
联想拓展
blw away刮走,吹走
blw dwn(风) 刮倒
blw ff 吹掉;将(热水、蒸汽等)放出
blw ut 吹熄;(电线)烧断
blw ver (暴风雨等)吹散,刮倒;(坏天气)大风平息
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高手过招
单项填空
A shrt circuit will the fuse(保险丝). (原创)
A. blw up B. blw ff
C. blw ut D. blw ver
解析:选C。句意为:短路会烧断保险丝。根据句意可知,答案选C。
8. in truble
在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中
Please telephne us when yu are in truble.
遇到困难时就给我们打电话。
联想拓展
have truble (in) ding sth. 做某事有困难。其中的介词 in 在口语中通常可省略。
take (the) truble t d sth. 在这一结构中,其中的冠词用不用均可,但含义稍有不同:用冠词,表示不怕费事或不怕麻烦而去做某事;不用冠词,表示尽心尽力或费尽心血而去做某事。
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g t (the) truble t d (f ding) sth.
不辞辛劳做某事/费心做某事
give sb. truble/put sb. t truble麻烦某人;打扰某人
have truble with ... 有……病痛;同……闹纠纷
We had n truble (in) finding his ffice.
我们没费吹灰之力就找到了他的办公室。
He tk the truble t shw me the way t the statin.
他不嫌麻烦地为我去火车站而指路。
He went t the truble f finding ut when ur train was leaving.
他费心为我们打听到了我们乘坐的火车的开车时间。
I dn’t like giving truble t peple I dn’t knw.
我不愿意给我不认识的人添麻烦。
The man ften has truble with his wife.
这个男人经常与他的妻子闹矛盾。
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高手过招
单项填空
Even an experienced climber can t reach the summit.
(2010·河南郑州一轮检测)
A. get int truble B. make truble
ask fr truble D. take truble ver
解析:选A。句意为:即使是一个很有经验的登山者,想要到达顶峰也有可能遇到困难。句中的can表示“有可能”。get int truble 陷入困境,因做某事而招致惩罚,危险等;ask fr truble 自找麻烦,自讨苦吃;make truble 引起麻烦;take truble ver sth. 在某事上费心思。根据句意选A。
9. turn t
求助于;依赖;翻到;询问
We have t turn t sme bigger cmpanies fr technical help.
我们不得不向一些更大的公司寻求技术援助。
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联想拓展
turn against背叛
turn dwn(音量)关小;拒绝
turn in上交
turn ...(使……)成为……
turn ff关掉(水源、 煤气、 电灯等);避开(问题等)
turn n打开(水、 煤气、 电灯、无线电等)
turn ver(使)打翻/翻身/翻动/翻耕(土地)/转危为安
turn up开大;出现;找到
by turns轮流;交替
in turn依次;轮流
turn ut证明是;结果是
Nbdy will turn against his cuntry.
没有人会背叛自己的国家。
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Please turn dwn the televisin.
请把电视机的音量调小点儿。
He turned dwn my suggestin withut hesitatin.
他毫不犹豫地拒绝了我的建议。
The child picked up a purse and turned it in t the pliceman.
那个孩子捡到了一个钱包,然后把它交给了警察。
The farmers are turning waste land int rice fields.
农民们正把荒地变成肥沃的田地。
Dn't frget t turn all the lights ff befre yu g t bed.
在你上床之前,不要忘记把所有的灯都关上。
The man turned ver and went t sleep again when the telephne rang.
当电话铃响的时候,那个人翻了个身,又睡着了。
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高手过招
(1)单项填空
①In the new city there wasn’t a single persn the pr by culd turn fr help.(2010·辽宁本溪月考)
A. that B. wh
C. frm whm D. t whm
②We had a gd many anxius mments, but everything all right in the end.(2010·江苏南京一轮)
A. turned dwn B. turned n
C. turned ut D. turned t
(1)①解析:选D。turn t sb. fr help为固定搭配,意思是“求助于”某人。
②解析:选C。turn ut 在句中的意思是“变得;证明是;结果是”,为连系动词;turn dwn调低;拒绝;turn n打开;turn t参考;转向;求助于。
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(2)用与turn搭配的适当介词填空 (原创)
①The key yu lst has turned .
②Nthing culd make the brave man turn his mtherland.
③Dn't rush. Please wait in line and get n the bus turn.
④He asked his teacher t give him the chance ne mre time but his teacher turned him .
⑤Be sure t turn the lights when yu leave the classrm.
(2)①up ②against ③in ④dwn ⑤ff
10. lse heart
丧失勇气或信心
He failed many times, but he didn’t lse heart.
他失败了许多次,但他并没有失去信心。
N matter what yu d, never lse heart.
不管你做什么,千万不要失去信心。
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lse ne’s jb失业
lse ne’s balance失去平衡
lse ne’s breath上气不接下气
lse ne’s heart (t sb./sth.)爱上
lse ne’s life丧生; 遇害
lse face丢脸; 受屈辱
lse hpe失去希望
高手过招
翻译句子
①不要失去信心,一切都会好起来的。
②她喜欢上了一位年轻士兵。
①Dn’t lse heart, all will turn ut well.
②She lst her heart t a yung sldier.
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重点句型
11. then did we decide t answer vilence with vilence.……只有到这个时候,我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。
nly 修饰的时间、条件、方式状语等放在句首时,主句要用部分倒装。
Only then did she realize she had made mistakes.
直到那时她才意识到她所犯的错误。
Only when he came back did I g t bed.
当他回来的时候,我才上床睡觉。
温馨提示
nly 放在句首修饰状语时,主句部分要倒装,修饰主语、宾语时,则不倒装。
Only yu understand me.只有你了解我。
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高手过招
单项填空
I failed in the final examinatin last term and nly then the imprtance f studies.(2010·山东青岛二中月考)
A. I realized B. I had realized
C. had I realized D. did I realize
解析:选D。nly then位于句首时句子用倒装结构,realize的动作在fail之后发生,故选过去时。
12. He taught us during the lunch breaks and the evenings when we shuld have been asleep.
他在午餐后的休息时间以及晚上本来该睡觉的时间教我们学习。
shuld have dne 本应该做某事(但实际上并没有做)/对过去已发生的事情的推测。ught t= shuld 但在语气上比shuld要强。
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温馨提示
情态动词+have dne的用法小结:
must+have dne 表示对过去情况的推测,只用于肯定句中,意为“一定……”,其否定的意义用can’t+have dne表示。
can/culd have dne 对过去已发生的情况的推测,用于疑问句或否定句中。
culd+have dne本来有能力做而实际上没有做
needn’t+have dne本来不必做的事,实际上却做了
might have dne本来可以做而实际上未做。
may (might)+have dne表示对过去的推测,多用在陈述句,意为“也许;可能……”。用might 比用 may 语气更加委婉。
wuld+have dne 用于虚拟条件句中,表示与过去事实相反。
He ught nt t have taken the ld clthes away.
他不该把旧衣服带走。(事实上已带走。)
The street is wet. It must have rained last night.
路面是湿的,昨天晚上肯定下雨了。
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If I culd have stpped, there wuldn’t have been an accident.
如果我能够停下来,事故就不会发生了。
I needn’t have gne t the ffice yesterday.
昨天我没必要去办公室。
Please dn’t d that. Yu might bth have been caught and killed!
请不要那样做。你们俩很有可能被抓住然后被杀掉!
易混辨析
shuld/ught t
①两者均有“应该”之意,shuld多表示说话人主观建议,ught t多表示道义和责任。
Dctrs and nurses shuld take gd care f patients.
医生和护士应该仔细照顾病人。
Yu shuldn’t drink and drive.
你不该喝了酒还开车。
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Yu ught t be blushed at yur cnduct.
你应该为你自己的行为感到羞愧。
②两者均可表示预测,意为“应该会,可能”。
We shuld/ught t arrive there befre dark.
我们应该会在天黑前到达那里。
It’s twelve ’clck nw. She shuld/ught t have already gt there.
现在已经12点了。她应该已经到那里了。
联想拓展
shuld的其他用法:
①虚拟从句中,表示“假如;万一”;
If yu shuld change yur mind, d let we knw.
如果你想要改变主意,让我们知道。
In case yu shuld need any help, here is my number.
假如你需要任何帮助,给我打电话,这是我的电话号码。
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②应该,必须
She recmmended that/she (shuld) take sme time ff.
她建设应该休假。
③表示惊讶,遗憾。
It’s strange that she shuld have dne such a thing.
她能做好这样的事情,真让人觉得奇怪。
高手过招
单项填空
①—I missed the first part f the film. It was really a pity.
—Yu hme half an hur earlier.(2010·福建厦门一轮检测)
A. shuld have left B. must have left
C. shuld leave D. must leave
②—D yu think he is lazy?
—I s nce, but I dn’t nw.(2010·浙江杭州一轮检测)
A. may have thught B. can have thught
C. may think D. might think
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①解析:选A。第一句句意为:我错过了这部电影的第一部分,真遗憾。根据第一句,答句的句意应为:你本应该提前半小时出家门。故选A。
②解析:选A。从答语可知,空格处的意思是“曾经这样想过”,即对过去情况作推测,故应用“情态动词+动词完成时”;又因为 can 表推测时不用于肯定句中,故选A。
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必修 2
Page N.152
Unit 1 Cultural relics
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核心单词
1. survive
vi.生还,幸存;流传下来;幸免
vt. 经历……而幸存;比……活的时间长
常用结构:
survive n sth. 靠……生存(意思等同于live n sth.)
survive sb. (by ...) 比某人多活……
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Of the six peple injured in the crash, nly tw survived.
在这次撞车事故受伤的6个人中,只有2个人活了下来。
I can’t survive n $20 a week.
每周20美元无法维持我的生活。
Few buildings in Beichuan Cunty survived the big earthquake n May 12, 2008.
在2008年5月12日的大地震中,北川县残留的建筑物寥寥无几。
She survived her husband by ten years.
她丈夫去世后她又活了10年。
联想拓展
survival n. 存活,幸存;残存;遗留;旧风俗
survivr n.生还者,幸存者
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高手过招
完成句子 (原创)
①The ld cuple 从战争中幸存下来).
②His nly chance f (生存) was a heart transplant.
③In the terrible accident, there were n (幸存者).
答案:①survived the war ②survival ③survivrs
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2. select
vt. 挑选;选择
易混辨析
select/chse/elect/pick ut
四个词均含有“选译”之意。
select强调在广泛的范围内进行“精选或淘汰”,侧重以客观为标准进行选择。
chse为普通用词,侧重根据个人意愿和判断从众多的对象中进行选择,着重指被选者的优点。
elect指按照一定的规章和法律,用投票方式进行的慎重的选择。
pick ut为口语用词,强调“从个人角度在众多事物之中进行挑选”,有时含有“任意选择”的意思。
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高手过招
选词填空(select/chse/elect/pick)
①Please a gd bk fr me.
②She a diamnd ring frm the cllectin.
③We ur mnitr by a shw f hands.
④She the red sweater rather than the pink ne.
答案:①pick ②selected ③elected ④chse
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3. design
n. 设计;图案;构思
vt. 设计;计划;构思
常用结构:
by design=n purpse 有意地,故意地
be designed t d ... 目的是做……;被打算做……
be designed fr ... 为……而打算/设计
I like the design f that rug.
我喜欢那块地毯的图案。
A new highway between the tw cities is being designed.
这两个城市之间的一条新高速公路正在设计中。
The experiment is designed t test the new drug.
实验的目的是测试新的药品。
The huse are specially designed fr the ld peple.
这些房子是专门为老年人设计的。
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高手过招
单项填空
I like the televisin prgramme educate nt merely entertain. (2009·12·山东青州模块检测)
A. designed t B. designed fr
C. is designed t D. is designed fr
解析:选A。be designed t d ...为固定搭配,意为“目的是”,为过去分词短语在句中作后置定语,修饰名词prgramme。B、D两项be designed fr中fr为介词,后面需接v.-ing形式或名词,故排除。
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4. fancy
adj. 奇特的;异样的
vt. 想象;设想;爱好
n. 想象力;幻想;爱好
常用结构:
fancy that ... 以为是……
fancy neself 自负,自命不凡
fancy (ding) sth. 喜欢,想要(做)某事
fancy 用于感叹句中时表示“没想到,竟然”。
My sister likes t cllect fancy clthes.
我姐姐喜欢搜集奇装异服。
I used t fancy what I wuld like wearing a lng snw-like dress.过去我常常想象自己穿着雪白长裙的模样。
Children usually have a lively fancy.
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孩子们往往拥有丰富的想象力。
Many students fancy playing ftball.
很多学生喜欢踢足球。
Fancy meeting yu here!真没想到会在这儿遇到你!
I fancy (that) it’s ging t rain tday.
我看今天要下雨。
答案: ①t say→saying ②t g→ging
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5. cnsider
vt. 考虑;认为
常用结构:
cnsider ding sth./sth.考虑做某事
cnsider sb./sth. as/t be ...认为;以为;觉得
cnsider it+adj.+t d sth ...认为做某事是……
We are cnsidering ging t Canada.
我们正考虑到加拿大去。
We cnsider this (t be) very imprtant.
我们认为这非常重要。
联想拓展
cnsideratin n. 考虑;关心
cnsidering prep. 考虑到;就……而言
take sth. int cnsideratin 考虑(某事)
Cnsidering her age, she has dne very well.
考虑到她的年纪,她已经做得非常好了。
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高手过招
(1)单项填空
Charlie Chaplin is t be ne f the greatest actrs in the wrld. (2009·02·湖北武汉一中质量检测)
A. Regarded B. believed
C. thught D. cnsidered
(2)翻译句子 (原创)
①你是否考虑过如何到达那里?
②他会被认为是个软弱无能的领导人。
解析:(1) 选D。考查词义辨析。think, regard, cnsider都有“看作”的意思,然而搭配不同。think一般与f搭配,形成think f ...;regard与as搭配,形成regard ; cnsider可以与as搭配,形成cnsider ,也可以跟不定式,形成cnsider sb. t d sth.的搭配。
(2)①Have yu cnsidered hw t get there?
②He will be cnsidered a weak leader.
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6. wrth
adj.值得(做某事); 有(做某事)的价值
n.价值; 用处
be wrth ding sth.值得(做某事);有(做某事)的价值
be wrth sth.用于“数量、持续时间等”的名词之后,表示某物价值多少金额。
The new car cst a lt f mney, but it’s certainly wrth it.
买这辆新汽车花了很多钱, 但确实物有所值。
The thieves stle ne millin punds wrth f jewellery.
窃贼偷走了价值100万英镑的珠宝。
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易混辨析
wrth/wrthy/wrthwhile
“be wrth+n.”结构中,当名词为金钱时,表示“……值……钱”。
be wrth ding sth. ……某事值得被做
“be wrthy f+n./ding”当名词为抽象名词时,表示 “……值得……”。
be wrthy t be dne/be wrthy f being dne
某事值得被做
It is wrthwhile t d sth. 值得做某事
It is wrthwhile ding sth. 值得去做某事
It is wrthwhile fr sb. t d/ding sth.
值得某人去做某事
The article is wrthy f careful study.
=The article is wrth studying carefully.
=The article is wrthy f being studied carefully.
=The article is wrthy t be studied carefully.
这篇文章值得仔细学习。
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高手过招
单项填空
①This bk is wrthy f twice .
(2009·12·江苏南京月考)
A. Reading B. read
C. having read D. being read
②He is well skilled playing the pian, s his music is wrth .
(2009·12·山东烟台模块检测)
A. with; listening B. with; listening t
C. in; listening D. in; listening t
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解析: ①选D。 be wrthy 后可以用不定式的被动语态或f being dne结构,而wrth后用动名词的主动语态表达被动概念。
②选D。be skilled in也可以用be skilled at后跟名词或动名词表示,意思是“在……方面熟练的;在……方面有能力的”。wrth意思是“值得”,后跟动名词的主动语态表达被动概念。在句中,music作listen t的逻辑宾语,而listen为不及物动词,因此t不可以去掉。
Page N.168
7. wnder
n.\[C\] 奇迹;奇观;\[U\]惊奇,惊叹
vt. 想知道;对……感到好奇
常用结构:
in wnder 惊奇地
d/wrk wnders 创造奇迹
be wnder at 对……感到惊讶
be wnder abut 想弄明白;琢磨
It is a wnder (that) ... 奇怪的是……
(It is)n/little/small wnder (that ...)
难怪……;……并不奇怪
It’s n wnder yu can’t sleep when yu eat s much.
你吃得那么多,难怪你睡不着。
I wnder wh he was, where he were frm and why he came.
我很想知道他是谁,来自哪里,为什么来。
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高手过招
单项填空
—He is always the first t cme and the last t leave.
— is n wnder he always takes the first place in class. (2009·12·安徽合肥一中检测)
A. It B. There
C. That D. This
解析:选A。根据句意可知,此处有“怪不得……”的意思,故选A。
Page N.170
8. dubt
n. 怀疑;疑惑
vt.怀疑;疑虑;不信
常用结构:
in dubt 怀疑,拿不定主意
n/withut/beynd dubt 无疑地;必定;当然
There is n dubt that ... 毫无疑问……(that从句为同位语从句,表示与之同位的n dubt的实际内容。)
N dubt he didn’t mean t hurt yu.
他肯定不是有意要伤害你的。
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When in dubt abut the questin, yu’d better ask the teacher. 当你对这个问题没有把握时,问一下老师。
I dn’t dubt that he is hnest. 我毫不怀疑他是诚实的。
We dubt if he is hnest.我们怀疑他是否诚实。
温馨提示
在否定句和疑问句中,接that引导的从句;在肯定句中,接whether/if引导的从句。
I dn’t dubt that ...我肯定……(=I’m sure/certain that ...)
I dubt if/whether ...我不确定……
(=I’m nt sure/certain if/whether ...)
高手过招
(1)单项填空
There is n dubt he will be asked t speak again next year. (2009·12·江西赣州质量检测)
A. That B. whether C. what D. hw
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(2)翻译句子 (原创)
①我们毫不怀疑他能够做好这件事。
②毫无疑问我们会成功的。
解析:(1) 选A。 动词dubt 后的同位语从句的引导词有这样的规律:如果dubt前有否定词,从句用that引导;如果dubt前没有否定词,则用疑问代词、副词或whether引导。
(2)①We dn’t dubt that he can d it well.
②There is n dubt that we will be successful.
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9. apart
adv.分离地;分别地
常用结构:
apart frm ... 除了……外, 除了……还有
take 拆开
tell apart 分辨出
易混辨析
besides/except/except fr/except that/
except when/but/apart frm
besides指“除……之外,另外还有”,着重于“另外还有”。
except指“从整体里减去一部分”,着重于“排除在外”。
except fr与except同义,但except fr所“排除在外”的通常是整体中的一个细节,
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或是句中所述的整体内容中的一个部分。
except that意为“除了”,与except fr同义,后面接从句。
except when意为“除非”,“除了在……时候”。
but作介词与except同义,表示“排除在外”。常与n, every, any构成的复合词连用,构成nne but, nthing but, anybdy but, everyne but, everywhere but以及n ne but, all but等结构。
apart frm 兼有besides 和except fr两种含义,后接名词、代词或动名词。
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注意:用于否定句时,but, except和besides可以换用。
Apart frm their huse in Lndn, they als have a villa in Spain.他们在伦敦有房子,此外在西班牙还有一座别墅。
Take the bike apart and try t repair it this mrning.
请拆开这自行车并设法于今天上午修好。
There aren’t any ther peple t be cnsidered but/except/besides Mr Brwn.
除了布朗先生外,其他人将不予考虑。
I have five ther stry bks besides this ne.
除了这本外,我还有五本别的故事书。
He answered all the questins except the last ne.
除了最后一个问题外,他回答了所有的问题。
I knw nthing abut him except that he lives next dr.
我不了解他的情况,只知道他住在隔壁。
He ges t wrk n time every day except when he is ill.
他每天都按时上班,除非他生病了。
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高手过招
完成句子 (原创)
①除了很少的几个词以外,我对法语一无所知。
a few wrds, I d nt knw any French at all.
②我分不出这一对双胞胎谁是谁。
I can’t the twins .
答案: ①Apart frm ②tell; apart
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重点短语
10. in search f
寻找,寻求
联想拓展
in ne’s/a/the search fr=in search f 寻找;寻求
make a search f 搜查……
search fr sb./sth. 寻找某人/某物
search sb./sth. ut 找出某人/某物
search sb./sth.(fr sb./sth.)
搜查某人/某物(以搜寻到某人/某物)
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易混辨析
search/search fr/search search f
search vt. search sb.意为“搜身”,search sp.意为“在……中搜查”。
search fr 意为“寻找”,指搜寻某个特定的目标,相当于lk fr。
search 意为“搜查某人或某地以寻找某物”。
in search f 意为“寻找”,作目的状语,后接寻找的对象或目标。
The plice searched the huse fr the stlen jewellry.
警察搜查那栋房屋,寻找被偷的宝石。
I lked everywhere in search f my lst pen.
我四处寻找我丢失的钢笔。
They searched the guard at the gate.
他们在门口搜查了那个士兵。
I searched everywhere fr the lst pen.
我到处找丢失的钢笔。
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高手过招
(1)单项填空
They were walking arund the twn a place fr the party. (2009·12·江苏扬州中学检测)
A. in search f B. search
C. searching f D. searched fr
(2)完成句子 (原创)
①警察到处搜捕他。最终他被抓住了,现在警察正在对他进行搜身。
The plice him everywhere. He was caught at last and nw the plice are him.
②显然,已经有人搜过他的房子——那本书不见了。
His huse had clearly been and the bk was missing.
解析:(1) 选A。in search f为介词短语,意为“寻找”,符合句意。B、D两项动词形式不正确;无C项search f这种搭配。故选A项。
(2)①searched fr;searching ②searched
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11. belng t
属于;是……的成员;是……的一部分
联想拓展
belng vi. 应被放置在,应处在(某处),适合在某处。此时,不与t连用,后面通常跟副词和其他介词短语。
belngings n.财产;所有物;行李
温馨提示
belng t不用于进行时态和被动语态中。t 为介词,其后接代词、名词类短语及从句,表示所归属的对象。
Wh des this watch belng t?
这块表是谁的?
She lst all her belngings in the earthquake.
她在地震中失去了所有的财产。
I dn’t really feel I belng here.
我感觉我并不适合待在这个地方。
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高手过招
单项填空
As is knwn t us all, China is a develping cuntry
the third wrld.
(2009·12·山东青岛二中模块检测)
A. belnging B. belnged
C. belnging t D. belnged t
解析:选C。belng t 在句中作定语,无被动语态和进行时态,必须和t连用。
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12. in return
回报;作为报酬;作为报答
in return fr sth. 作为……的交换/回报
in turn 轮流地,依次;相应地,转而
by turns 轮流地,时而……时而……What can we d fr them in return fr all the help they have given us?
我们能做些什么来报答他们所给予我们的种种帮助呢?
答案:①I bught him a drink in return fr his help.
②I wish I culd d smething fr yu in return.
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重点句型
13. Frederick William Ⅰ, the King f Prussia, culd never have imagined that his greatest gift t the Russian peple wuld have such an amazing histry.
普鲁士国王威廉一世绝不可能想到他送给俄罗斯人民的厚礼会有这样一段令人惊讶的历史。
“culdn’t have dne”意为“不可能做了某事”,表示对过去已发生的事情的比较有把握的否定猜测。
culd/can have dne结构的用法:
①用于疑问句中,表示一种猜测,意为“可能做过……吗?”
②用于肯定句中,表示与过去事实相反的假设,意为“本来能够去做却没有做”。
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Mr Smith can’t have gne t Beijing, fr I saw him just nw.
史密斯先生不可能去北京了,我刚才还见过他。
There is n light in the rm, can they have gne ut?
屋里没亮灯,他们有可能出去了吗?
—I stayed at a htel while in New Yrk.
在纽约时我住在一家旅馆里。
—Oh, did yu? Yu culd have stayed with Babara.
是吗?你本来能够和巴巴拉住在一起的。
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高手过招
单项填空
①His brther met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternn, s he have attended yur lecture. (2009·12·山西太原五中模拟测试)
A. culdn’t B. needn’t
C. mustn’t D. shuldn’t
②—Yur mther was really anxius abut yu.
—I knw. I hme withut a wrd.
(2009·11·陕西西安检测)
A. mustn’t leave B. shuldn’t have left
C. culdn’t have left D. needn’t leave
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解析: ①选A。由“His brther met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternn”可知,当时他不在课堂上,不可能听了你的课。culdn’t have dne意为“(过去)肯定没做”,符合句意。
②选B。由“Yur mther was really anxius abut yu”和“I knw”可知,“我”是在为自己未打招呼离家而自责。shuldn’t have dne意为“本不应该做某事”,符合句意。
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14. He/She nly cares abut whether the eyewitness has given true infrmatin, which must be facts rather than pinins.
他/她关心的只是目击者是否提供了真实的信息,这些信息必须是事实而不是个人的观点或看法。
rather than意为“而不是”,连接两个并列成分,这两个并列成分的形式应该一致。rather than连接两个主语时,其后面谓语动词的单复数形式取决于rather than前面主语的单复数形式。同类词汇、短语还有:as well as,tgether with,except,but,like,with,besides,including等。
Page N.188
联想拓展
r rather更确切地说
ther than 除了……之外
wuld rather d sth. than d sth.
=prefer ding ding/prefer t d rather than d
宁愿做……,而不愿做……
wuld d sth. rather than d sth.
宁愿做……而不愿做……
wuld rather (nt) d sth. 宁愿(不)……
I think Tm, rather than yu, is t blame.
我认为该受责备的是汤姆,而不是你。
Prfessr Smith, tgether with his assistants, is ding the research day and night.
史密斯教授和他的助手们正在夜以继日地进行研究。
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高手过招
选词填空(rather than/ther than/r rather) (原创)
①I met him very late n Friday night, , early n Saturday mrning.
②Des anybdy yurself knw this?
③I decided t send an e-mail telephne.
答案:①r rather ②ther than
③rather than
Page N.190
Unit 2 The Olympic Games
Page N.191
核心单词
1. cmpete
vi.比赛;竞争
联想拓展
cmpete with 与……竞争
cmpete fr 竞争以获得……
cmpete with/against sb. fr sth.
为得到某物与某人竞争
cmpete in (a game, a match) 参加;在……方面竞争
be in cmpetitin with sb.和某人竞争
cmpetitin n.比赛;竞争
cmpetitr n.比赛者;竞争者
cmpetitive adj.竞争的;有竞争力的
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易混辨析
cmpete/cntest
cmpete 表示“为了争得名次、奖金,合同等”,并不含有将对手征服的意思。
cntest 所表示的竞赛可以是友谊赛,也可以是有敌意的竞赛,旨在比试技能、能力、力气、耐力等,此外还可以表示赢得选举。
He believed that nbdy culd cmpete with/against him.
他认为没有人能和他竞争。
Mre than 1,000 cmpetitrs tk part in the cmpetitin t cmpete fr the first prize.
1 000多名选手参加了争夺一等奖的比赛。
He has nw cmpeted in tw Olympics.
他已经参加过两届奥运会了。
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高手过招
(1)单项填空
Our athletes will sme games, such as running and wrestling. They have the hpe t get sme gld medals. (2009·12·江西南昌一中检测)
A. cmpete B. cmpete in
C. Jin D. attend
(2)用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空 (原创)
cmpete with/cmpete against/cmpete fr/cmpete in
①It’s difficult fr small markets t big nes.
②Will yu the 100-metre race?
③The tw athletes will the gld medal.
解析: (1) 选B。cmpete的意思是“竞技;比赛”,后面跟宾语时,用cmpete in表示“参加”;attend仅有“参加某项活动”的意思;表示参加活动也可以用jin in。
(2)①cmpete with/against
②cmpete in ③cmpete fr
Page N.194
2. admit
vt.&vi.准许进入;容许;接纳(常用被动结构);承认
联想拓展
be admitted as ... 被接受为……
be admitted (t/int) 被准许进入……
admit (t) sth./ding 承认某事/做过某事
admit that 承认……
admit sb./sth. t be 承认……是
It is/was admitted that普遍认为……
He was admitted as a member f the basketball team.
他被接受成为篮球队的一名队员。
Only 200 children were admitted t/int the schl every year.
那时每年只有200名儿童获准入学。
Will yu admit having brken the windw?
你承不承认你打破了窗户?
They freely admit that they still have a lt t learn.
他们坦率承认,他们要学的东西还很多。
He admitted his wrds t be mistaken.
他承认自己的话错了。
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高手过招
(1)单项填空
Little Tm admitted in the examinatin, that he wuldn’t d that in future. (2009·12·山东东营模块检测)
A. t cheat; t prmises
B. cheating; prmised
C. having cheated; prmising
D. t have cheated; prmised
(2)完成句子 (原创)
①他供认驾驶了这辆没有保险的车。
He the car withut insurance.
②幸运的是,去年他被一所名牌大学录取了。
Luckily, he a key university last year.
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解析:(1) 选C。考查非谓语动词。动词admit后常接动名词作宾语,即:admit ding 或admit having dne,意为“承认做过某事”,据此排除A、D两项。句意为:小汤姆承认在考试中作弊了,并保证今后不再这样做。由于第二个空白处前面没有连词and,因此admit与prmise不是两个并列的谓语动词,用prmised形式是错误的, 而要用prmising作伴随状语,故答案为C项。
(2)①admitted driving ②was admitted t/int
Page N.197
3. replace
vt. 代替;取代;替换
常用结构:
replace sth. 代替;取代……
replace sb. as 取代某人而成为
replace sb./sth. with/by 用……替换,以……接替
Teachers will never be replaced by cmputers in the classrm.
课堂上电脑永远不会取代老师。
She replaced her husband as the lcal teacher.
她取代丈夫成了当地的老师。
I replaced the wrn-ut tls with/by new nes.
我用新工具来替换那些磨损不堪的旧工具。
Page N.198
联想拓展
in place在适当的位置
ut f place在不适当的位置
in ne’s place=in the place f代替
take the place f=replace代替;替代
take place发生;举行
take ne’s place就位,就座
instead f代替;而不是(介词短语)
With everything in place, she started lessns.
一切就绪,她开始讲课
Page N.199
高手过招
单项填空
Bb is ill tday. Wh can him in ur ftball match? (2009·12·福建厦门检测)
A. Replace B. take place
C. instead f D. in the place f
解析:选A。根据句意此处有代替之意并且需要动词作谓语,replace=take the place f。instead f是介词短语,不能作谓语。
Page N.200
4. marry
v. (和某人)结婚;嫁;娶;把……嫁给……
常用结构:
marry sb. 娶某人,嫁给某人(marry后不加介词)
marry sb. t sb. 把某人嫁给某人
marry well 嫁个有钱人
She married a rich man.
她嫁给了一个有钱人。
He married bth his daughters t rich businessmen.
他把两个女儿都嫁给了富商。
联想拓展
marriage n. 结婚;婚姻
married adj. 已婚的
get/be married (t sb.) (与某人)结婚
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易混辨析
marry/get married/be married
marry与get married强调动作,不能与表示时间段的状语连用; be married强调状态,可以与表示时间段的状语连用。
可以说She married/gt married tw years ag.
或She has been married fr tw years.
或It’s tw years since she married/gt married.
但不可以说She has married/has gt married fr tw years.
答案:①去掉t ②gt→have been或fr ten years→ten years ag
Page N.202
5. prmise
vt. 允诺,答应
vi.有希望;承诺;答应
n. 诺言,承诺;迹象,征兆
常用结构:
prmise sth. 答应某事
prmise sb. sth./prmise sth. t sb. 答应给某人某物
prmise (sb.)t d sth. 答应(某人)做什么事
prmise (sb.) that ... 答应(某人)……
keep/carry ut ne’s prmise 信守诺言
break/g back n ne’s prmise 违背诺言
make/give a prmise 许诺/答应
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Prmise (me) never t be late again.
答应(我)决不再迟到。
She prmised her mther that she wuld cme back.
她答应妈妈会回来。
He made a prmise t cme back.
他答应回来了。
This year prmises t be anther gd ne fr harvest.
今年看来又是个丰收年。
联想拓展
prmising adj. 有希望的;有前途的
Page N.204
高手过招
单项填空
The girl t be a gd dancer if she is well trained in an art schl. (2009·11·福建厦门检测)
A. expects B. allws
C. Wishes D. Prmises
解析:选D。由句意可知,此处为“女孩有希望成为优秀的舞者”,只有prmise有“有希望”之意。
Page N.205
6. charge
n. 费用;指控,指责;主管;掌管
v. 指控;收费;要价;承担责任;掌管;充电;控诉
All gds are delivered free f charge.
一切物品免费送货。
She rejected the charge that the stry was untrue.
她否认了她编造事实的指控。
He tk charge f the farm after his father’s death.
父亲去世后,他掌管农场。
The cmmittee has been charged with the develpment f sprt.
委员会已经承担了体育运动发展的责任。
What did he charge fr the repairs?
他们收了多少修理费?
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Befre use, the battery must be charged.
使用前,电池必须充电。
He was charged with murder.
他被指控犯有谋杀罪。
常用结构:
at n extra charge 无需额外付费
be charged with 被控告犯……罪
in/under the charge f 在某人照看(掌管)下
in charge f 处于控制或支配
(某人/某事物)的地位
free f charge 免费
charge sb. mney fr (ding) sth. 为做某事向某人收取费用
take charge 负责;控制局面
Page N.207
高手过招
(1)单项填空
He tld me that the factry was his brther. (2009·12·河北石家庄检测)
A. in charge f B. in charge fr
C. in the charge f D. in the charge fr
(2)翻译句子 (原创)
①这些病人由威尔逊医生治疗。
②这儿由谁负责?
解析:(1) 选C。 in the charge f意思是“在……掌管之下”,而in charge f 意思是“负责,掌管”。如: Wh is in charge f the factry?
(2)①These patients are under the charge f Dr Wilsn.
②Wh’s in charge here?
Page N.208
7. bargain
n. 协议;廉价物
v.(与某人)讨价还价; 洽谈成交条件;谈判;讲条件
If yu prmte ur gds, we will give yu a gd discunt as ur part f the bargain.
若你方经销我们的货物, 我方愿给予你相当大的优惠作为回报。
It’s a bargain.这可是便宜货。
Never pay the advertised price fr a car; always try t bargain.
千万不要照牌价购买汽车, 总得讲讲价才是。
常用结构:
make a bargain with sb. abut/ver/fr sth.
就某事与某人达成协议
bargain with sb. abut/ver/fr sth.
就某事与某人讨价还价
a gd/bad bargain 一笔划算/不划算的交易
Page N.209
高手过招
(1)单项填空
The cat is really a gd at such a lw price.
(2009·12·江西师大附中检测)
A. Matter B. pattern
C. seller D. bargain
(2)翻译句子 (原创)
①你做了一笔很划算的交易。
②工会为缩短工作周而(与管理部门)讨价还价。
解析:(1) 选D。考查词义辨析。从句中的“at such a lw price”可以判断出前面要说的是“衣服很便宜”。英语中表示某东西买得便宜时可用 a gd bargain这一固定搭配。
(2)①Yu’ve gt a gd bargain.
②The Unins bargained (with management) fr a shrter wrking week.
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8. deserve
vt.&vi.应受(报答或惩罚); 值得
The article deserves careful study.
这篇文章值得仔细研究。
They deserve t be sent t prisn.他们应该入狱。
联想拓展
deserve ding=deserve t be dne=be wrth ding值得做
The thief deserves punishing.
=The thief deserves punishment.
=The thief deserves t be punished.
这个小偷理所当然会受到惩罚。
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高手过招
翻译句子 (原创)
①她积极努力, 应该得到奖赏。
②如果你做错事,就应该受到惩罚。
答案:①She deserves a reward fr her effrts.
②If yu d smething wrng, yu deserve punishing/t be punished/punishment.
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重点短语
9. ne after anther/the ther
一个接一个地;陆续地
Please line up ne after anther.
请按顺序排队。
We achieved ne victry after anther.
我们取得了一个又一个的胜利。
联想拓展
ne by ne 逐个地;逐一地
ne anther/each ther 相互
Page N.213
高手过招
翻译句子
①他把所有的书都并列摆放起来。
②账单纷至沓来。
答案:①He put all the bks beside each ther/ne anther.
②The bills kept cming in ne after anther.
10. stand fr
(指缩写或符号)代表;象征;支持;主张
What des EU stand fr?EU代表什么?
Which grup d yu stand fr?你支持哪一组?
联想拓展
stand by 袖手旁观;无动于衷
stand by sb. 支持;帮助;站在……一边
stand ut(frm/as) 显眼;突出
stand up 站起;站立;起立
Page N.214
高手过招
(1)单项填空
I dn’t knw what the signal “X” n the rad. Culd yu tell me? (2009·12·江西信丰中学检测)
A. Stands B. refers t
C. means D. stands fr
(2)完成句子 (原创)
①The letters UN (代表) United Natins.
②Dn’t just (袖手旁观). Yu can d smething t help.
③The letters (突出;显眼) well against the dark backgrund.
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(1)解析:选D。mean, refer t都有“代表”的意思,但是stand fr一般是指“符号、手势、记号等”所代表的意义,而refer t指某个意思的对象;mean表达前面的语言的意义。如 “T give up ding smething” means “ t stp ding smething”.(放弃做某事也就是停止做某事。)“It” can be used t refer t a baby. (“It”可以用来指一个婴儿。) “V” is ften used t stand fr victry. (“V”可以用来表示胜利。)
(2)①stand fr ②stand by ③stand ut
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11. as well
意为“也,又,而且”,意思等同于t,als,但as well只能置于句末。
联想拓展
as well as意为“不仅……而且……,既……又……;除了……之外,还有……;和……一样好”。
as well as作介词用时,意思等同于besides,意为“除……之外”,后跟动词时通常用v.-ing形式。
as well as连接主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式取决于as well as前面主语的单复数形式。
may/might as well d意为“不妨……;还是……好”。
Page N.217
Are yu cming as well?
=Are yu cming, t?
=Are yu als cming?你也来吗?
They sell bks as well as newspapers.
他们既卖报纸也卖书。
She cks as well as her mther.
她做菜跟她妈妈做得一样好。
His wife as well as his children was invited t the party.
不仅他的孩子,连同他妻子也被邀请参加那次聚会。
We may/might as well ask him fr sme advice.
我们不妨向他征求一些建议。
Page N.218
高手过招
单项填空
①Jack plays ftball , if nt better than David.
A. as well B. as well as
C. s well D. s well as
②E-mail, as well as telephnes, an imprtant part in daily cmmunicatin.
A. is playing B. have played
C. are playing D. play
解析: ①选B。as well as意为“和……一样好”。“if nt+better than”是一个插入语,去掉后,句子是Jack plays ftball as well as David。
②选A。当as well as连接主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式取决于前面的主语的单复数形式。
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12. every fur years
每四年;每隔三年
联想拓展
every与基数词、序数词、ther或few连用,表示时间或空间的间隔,意为“每……;每隔……”。
every+基数词+复数名词
every+序数词+单数名词
every+ther+单数可数名词
every few+复数名词
every fur days 每隔三天
every third day 每三天
He cmes t see his parents every three days.
他每三天来看望父母一次。
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高手过招
单项填空
“Where are we nw?” few minutes ne f the children asked Miss Crnwall the same questin. (2009·12·山东济南模块检测)
A. Every B. Each
C. Anther D. A
解析:选A。every few minutes 每几分钟,符合句意。
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13. take part in
参加,参与
The students take part in all kinds f activities after class.
学生们课后参加各种活动。
易混辨析
take part in/jin in/jin/attend
take part in指参加有组织的重大的活动。
I tk part in the game.
我参加了比赛。
jin in指参加正在进行着的活动或游戏等,有时可与take part in换用。
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Please cme ver and jin in ur game.
请过来参加我们的游戏。
jin指参加团体或组织,成为其中的一员,也可用于jin sb. in sth./ding sth.结构,表示“和某人一起做某事”。
Many f them jined the army.
他们很多人都参军了。
attend相当于be present at,多指出席,参加会议,讲座等。
He decided t attend the meeting himself.
他决定自己去参加会议。
Page N.223
高手过招
选词填空(jin/jin in/take part in/attend)
①—Hw many cuntries the Olympic Games in Athens?
—202.
②The famus prfessr will cme t give us a lecture. Will yu g t it?
③His brther the army three years ag.
④May I yur game?
答案: ①tk part in ②attend ③jined
④jin in
Page N.224
重点句型
14. I lived in what yu call “Ancient Greece” and I used t write abut the Olympic Games a lng time ag.
我生活在你们所说的“古希腊”,我曾经写过很久以前的奥林匹克运动会的情况。
what 引导宾语从句,并在从句中作call的宾语,“Ancient Greece”作宾补。what相当于the place that,因此what不能改为that,也不能改为where,因为where 只能作状语。
used t d过去常常(做)……;曾经……
Page N.225
易混辨析
used t d/be used t d/be used t ding
used t d sth. (wuld d) 过去经常做某事
be used t d 被用来做……(被动语态)
be/get/becme used t sth./ding
=be/get/becme accustmed t sth./ding 习惯于
My father used t smke a lt.
我父亲过去烟抽得很厉害。(暗含“现在不抽了或抽得少了”的意思)
I used t live in the cuntryside with my grandmther.
我曾经和祖母在农村生活过。
Wd can be used t make paper.
木头可以用来造纸。
I’m still nt used t getting up early.
我仍然不习惯早起。
Page N.226
高手过招
单项填空
①Water electricity widely all ver the wrld. (2009·12·陕西咸阳检测)
A. is used t prduce B. is used t prducing
C. used t prduce D. used t prducing
②There many peple in the ffice, but nw nbdy is allwed. (2009·12·江苏如东检测)
A. used t be; smking B. used t have; smking
C. used t be; smke D. used t have; smke
解析: ①选A。be used t d意为“被用来做某事”,符合句意。
②选A。第一空there used t be意为“过去曾经有”;第二空smking作前面many peple的后置定语。句意为:过去很多人在办公室里吸烟,但现在谁也不允许这样做了。
Page N.227
15. N ther cuntries culd jin in, nr culd slaves r wmen!
其他国家都不能参加,奴隶和妇女也不能参加!
句子结构为:nr/neither+系动词/助动词/情态动词+主语。此句型是一个倒装句,意为“……也不”,用于否定陈述句之后,说明后者的情况与前者相同。
联想拓展
用“s+助动词+主语”结构,表示肯定陈述句之后说明后者情况与前者相同,s it is with sb./It is the same with sb. 某人也是这样。s it is with sb./It is the same with sb.结构陈述两种或两种以上的情况,既可用于肯定,也可用于否定。
Page N.228
“否定词+助动词+主语”是常用的倒装句式,常用词:nt, never, n, nwhere, neither, nr, hardly, seldm, little, rarely。
If yu wn’t g, neither/nr will I.
如果你不去,我也不去。
He dn’t knw abut it. Nr d I.
他不了解这件事,我也不了解。
He never went again, and nr did he write t aplgize.
他再也没去过,也没有写信道歉。
He disliked the film, and s did I.他不喜欢这部电影,我也是。
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高手过招
单项填空
①—I dn’t think I can walk any farther!
— . Let’s stp here fr a rest.
(2009·12·江苏盐城检测)
A. Neither am I B. Neither can I
C. I dn’t think s D. I think s
②—He has made great prgress recently.
— and . (2009·12·江苏南通检测)
A. S he has; s yu have
B. S he has; s have yu
C. S has he; s have yu
D. S has he; s yu have
解析: ①选B。根据最后一句“我们停下来休息一下吧”可知,回答者也不能再走了,因此用Neither can I。
②选B。第一空表示对说话者的同意和赞成,意为“他的确如此”,第二空表示“你也一样”。
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16. Wmen are nt nly allwed, but play a very imprtant rle in gymnastics, athletics, team sprts and ...
妇女不仅被允许参加,而且她们还在体操、竞技和团队等比赛项目中起着非常重要的作用……
nt nly (als) ... 意为“不仅……而且……”。当此结构连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词的单复数要和邻近的主语保持一致。若nt nly置于句首,其所在的分句需要采用部分倒装。
He nt nly said it, but als did it.
他不但说到了,而且也做到了。
Nt nly yu but als he is respnsible fr it.
不仅你而且他也要为此事负责任。
Nt nly des he wrk hard, but als he is very clever.
他不但学习刻苦,而且很聪明。
Page N.231
高手过招
单项填空
①Nt nly English,but als he learns it well. (2009·12·陕西宝鸡检测)
A. he likes B. des he like
C. likes he D. he des like
②—I wuld never cme t this restaurant again. The fd is terrible.
— . (2009·12·浙江杭州检测)
A. Nr am I B. Neither wuld I
C. Same with me. D. S d I
①解析:选B。nt nly连接除主语以外的成分时,如果位于句首,该句用部分倒装。故选B。
②解析:选B。第二句句意为:我也不来了。故用Neither wuld I。
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Unit 3 Cmputers
Page N.233
核心单词
1. cmmn
adj. 共同的,普遍的;常见的
常用结构:
in cmmn 共有,公用(在句中多作状语)
have nthing/little/a lt/smething in cmmn (with) sb.
与某人没有/许多/有些共同之处
in cmmn with 和……一样
cmmn sense/knwledge 常识
cmmn welfare 公共福利
Page N.234
易混辨析
cmmn/rdinary/usual/nrmal
cmmn 指“共有的,公共的;共同的;常见的”。反义词为rare。
cmmn作“普通的”讲时可与rdinary换用。如“普通人”也可以说成cmmn peple。
rdinary 意为“普通的,平淡无奇的”,指没有什么特别的地方。
usual 意为“平常的,通常的,一向的”,含惯例之意。
nrmal 意为“正常的”。
Page N.235
Jane and I have nthing in cmmn.
=I have nthing in cmmn with Jane.
我与简毫无共同之处。
The prblems are cmmn t all scieties.
这些问题是所有社会的通病。
In cmmn with many yung peple, he prefers pp sngs.
和许多年轻人一样,他喜欢流行歌曲。
He is in rdinary clthes. 他穿着平常的衣服。
We meet every day at the usual place.
我们每天在往常那个地方见面。
Page N.236
高手过招
单项填空
Harry visited the bkstre every week. He became such a custmer that the bkseller gave him sme bks as presents. (2009·12·浙江桐庐检测)
cmmn B. nrmal C. usual D. average
解析:选C。由“Harry visited the bkstre every week”可知,他是常客,含有“习惯,惯例”之意,故选C。
Page N.237
2. signal
n. 信号;手势;声音;暗号
v. 发信号;用信号传达;用信号与……通讯
A red light is usually a signal fr/f danger.
红灯通常是危险的信号。
He signaled (t) the waiter t bring the menu.
他示意服务员把菜单拿过来。
常用结构:
signal t sb./sth. fr sth.
用信号传达(某信息);用信号与(某人)通讯
signal with ...用……发信号
Page N.238
高手过招
翻译句子
①铁路的红信号灯亮了,所以火车停下了。
②他用红旗传达信号。
答案:①The railway signal was n red, s the train stpped.
②He was signalling with a red flag.
Page N.239
3. sum
n. 金额; 款项; 总数; 算术题
常用结构:
in sum 简言之; 总而言之
sum up/sum sth. Up 总结;概括
He was fined the sum f 200$. 他被处以200美元的罚金。
The sum f 5 and 3 is 8. 5加3的和是8。
T sum up, there are three main ways f slving the prblem.
概括起来说,这个问题主要有三种解决办法。
答案:In sum, the plan failed.
Page N.240
4. arise
vi. (arse, arisen)出现,发生;起床,起身
A new difficulty has arisen.出现了新的困难。
Accident arise frm carelessness.
疏忽大意往往会引起事故的发生。
He arse at dawn.他黎明即起。
常用结构:
arise frm/ut f 由……引起;由……产生
Page N.241
高手过招
翻译句子
①夜间起风暴了。
②由于缺乏交流而产生了问题。
答案:①A strm arse during the night.
②Prblems have arisen ut f the lack f cmmunicatin.
Page N.242
5. anyhw
adv.(也作anyway)不管怎样,无论如何;反正;即使如此
联想拓展
smehw adv. 以某种方式, 用某种方法;不知怎么地
smewhat adv.有点,稍微
He tld me nt t buy it, but I bught it anyhw.
他告诉我不要买它,但不管怎样,我还是买了。
It may snw, but anyhw I will g t the twn.
可能要下雪,但无论如何我都要进城。
We must get the wrk finished smehw by tmrrw mrning.
我们必须设法在明天早上以前把工作做完。
Smehw we lst ur way.
不知怎么地我们迷路了。
My jacket is smewhat like yurs.
我的夹克与你那件有点相似。
Page N.243
高手过招
(1)单项填空
—Yu dn’t seem t be quite yurself tday. What’s wrng?
—Oh, I’m suffering frm a cld. Nthing serius, . (2009·12·安徽舒城检测)
A. yet B. indeed C. anyhw D. thugh
(2)完成句子 (原创)
①我对这个工作有点厌倦了。
I am tired f this wrk.
②不知怎么地,他害怕她。
he was afraid f her.
③他无论如何也不能使她信服。
He culdn’t cnvince her .
解析: (1) 选D。此处表达“转折”,意思是“然而”。
(2)①smewhat ②Smehw ③anyhw
Page N.244
6. persnally
adv. 就个人而言;亲自
联想拓展
persnally意为“就个人而言”时的同义短语:
in my pinin
as far as I’m cncerned
in my view
fr my part
as far as I can see
frm my pint f view
fr my perspective
The wner f the htel welcmed us persnally.
这家旅馆的主人亲自接待了我们。
Persnally (speaking), I think he is a very gd man, but yu may nt agree.
就个人而言, 我认为他是个很好的人, 但也许你不这么认为。
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高手过招
完成句子 (原创)
①She said she didn’t like Tm, but (就个人而言), I thught he was an hnest by, thugh smetimes careless.
② (幸好), the planes appear t be quite safe.
③ (自然地),their ideas are imprtant t everyne in the cuntry.
④ (高兴的是) fr him, his stepmther was kind t him.
⑤ (出人意料的), he failed the exam.
答案: ①persnally ②Luckily/Frtunately
③Naturally ④Happily ⑤Surprisingly
Page N.246
7. gal
n. 球门;(进球)得分;目标;目的
常用结构:
scre/kick a gal 踢进一球;得一分
keep gal 守球门
life gal/ne’s gal in life 生活目标
achieve/realize ne’s gal 实现目标
He headed the ball int an pen gal. 他乘虚把球顶入球门
We wn by three gals t ne.我们以三比一获胜。
Yu’d better set a gal befre yu start.
开始前,你最好设定一个目标。
Page N.247
高手过招
翻译句子 (原创)
①他已经实现了他的目标。
②我的人生目标是帮助他人。
答案:①He has achieved his gal.
②My gal in life is t help thers.
重点短语
8. in a way
在某种程度上(表示对情况的态度)
Page N.248
联想拓展
in a way=in ne way=in sme ways
in the way 挡道;造成阻碍
in ne way 在某方面
in sme ways 在某些方面
in n way 决不,无论如何都不(位于句首时构成倒装)
n nes way t在去……的路上
by the way顺便说一下
in any way在任何方面
in every way在各方面
give way (t sb./sth.)屈服;让步
lse nes way 迷路
(there is) n way 不可能;没门
by way f 经过;经由
in the way和in ne’s way两个短语含义相同,都含“挡住去路;碍事”之意。
In a way, it’s kind f nice t be studying alne.
在某种程度上讲,独自一个人学习相当不错。
Page N.249
高手过招
单项填空
I can’t see the wrd n the blackbard. Yur head is . (原创)
A. n the way B. in a way
C. by the way D. in the way
解析:选D。in the way和in ne’s way均表示“挡住去路;碍事”之意。故D项符合句意。
Page N.250
9. g by
经过;(时间)过去;依照,靠……判断
联想拓展
g against 违背;对……不利
g withut 勉强维持,凑合;没有……而将就
g in fr 爱好;参加;从事
g ver 复习;仔细审查
g ahead 进行;发生;(尤指经某人允许)开始做
g thrugh 通过;经历,经受;查看,调查
g ut 出去;熄灭
g ff 离开,出发;爆发,突然响起;停止;熄灭
g up 上升
g dwn 下降
Page N.251
He went by his teacher withut even a greeting.
他从老师身边经过时连声招呼也没打。
As time went by/With time ging by, he has changed a lt.随着时光流逝,他已经改变了许多。
Dn’t g by that ld map—it has been ut f date.
别参照那张旧地图,它已经过时了。
Yu can’t always g by appearances.
你不能总是凭外表来判断。
Page N.252
高手过招
用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空 (原创)
g in fr/g ff/g thrugh/g withut
①The new law did nt .
②I am an entrance examinatin next year.
③There’s n mney fr a hliday this year; we’ll just have t .
④He didn’t wake up even thugh the alarm .
答案:①g thrugh ②ging in fr
③g withut ④went ff
Page N.253
10. as a result
结果,因此
联想拓展
as a result f 由于……;作为……的结果
as a cnsequence 结果
in cnsequence 结果
in cnsequence f 由于
result frm由……引起;由于(意思等同于lie in)
result in结果;导致(意思等同于lead t)
He made a big mistake, and, as a result, lst his jb.
他犯了个大错,结果丢了工作。
He didn’t pass the exam as a result f his carelessness.
他由于粗心而没有通过考试。
His success results frm his hard wrk.
他的成功源于自身的努力。
Acting befre thinking always results in failure.
做事之前不加考虑总会导致失败。
Page N.254
高手过招
(1)单项填空
He fell the bike and brke his leg as .
(2009·12·山西大同检测)
A. dwn; result B. ff; a result
C. nt; a result f D. t; a result f
(2)完成句子 (原创)
①由于大雪,他迟到了。
He was late the heavy snw.
②因此,我们不得不给菜地浇水。
, we have t water the vegetable garden.
③他考试不及格是由于粗心造成的。
His failure in the exam his carelessness.
④这场意外事故造成两人死亡。
The accident the death f tw peple.
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解析:(1) 选B。fall ff意思是“从……上掉下来”;as a result的意思是“因而;结果”。
(2)①as a result f ②As a result
③resulted frm ④resulted in
Page N.256
11. make up
化妆;化装;捏造,虚构(故事,诗等)
联想拓展
make up fr 补偿
be made up f=cnsist f 由……组成
make fr 有利于做成某事,
有助于做成某事;走向;冲向
make it 及时赶到;成功
make it up 和解;讲和
make knwn 使知晓;传达
make ut 理解;懂得;辨认出
She spent an hur making (herself) up befre the party.
她在聚会前用了一个小时化妆。
Stp making things up!
不要胡编了!
Page N.257
高手过招
(1)单项填空
In Singapre, a sutheastern Asian cuntry, the Chinese peple the largest percentage f its ppulatin, s yu can speak Chinese there.
(2009·12·河北保定检测)
A. make up B. take up C. hld up D. turn up
(2)完成句子 (原创)
①讲究卫生有助于身体健康。
Cleanliness gd health.
②我们需要50美元以补足所需要的数目。
We need $50 t the sum required.
③那位经理的字迹很难辨认。
It was difficult t the manager’s handwriting.
解析: (1) 选A。考查短语辨析。make up意为“编造,弥补,组成,构成”;take up意为“拿起来,占据(时间或空间)”;hld up 意为“阻止”;turn up意为“开大,调高,出现”。
(2)①makes fr ②make up ③make ut
Page N.258
12. after all
毕竟,终究
联想拓展
at all 根本,完全;到底,究竟;既然
nt at all 一点也不
in all 总共,共计
abve all 首先;最重要的是
first f all 首先
all in all 总之
Dn’t get discuraged by setbacks, we are new t the wrk after all.
别因挫折而灰心,毕竟我们不熟悉这项工作。
He did cme after all. 他终究还是来了。
Page N.259
高手过招
单项填空
①The hurricane damaged many huses and business buildings; , it caused 20 deaths.
(2009·12·山西平遥检测)
A. r else B. therefre
C. after all D. besides
②I’d like t buy a huse—mdern, cmfrtable,
and in a quiet neighburhd.
(2009·11·宁夏银川检测)
A. in all B. abve all
C. after all D. at all
解析: ①选D。由语境逻辑可以推出该空表示“另外,除此之外”,只有D项与句意相符。
②选B。考查“介词+all”的短语辨析。句意为:我想买一座房子——时尚、舒适,最重要的是社区要安静。in all 总共;abve all 最重要的是;after all 毕竟;at all根本。
Page N.260
13. deal with
处理;安排;对付
易混辨析
d with/deal with
表示“怎样处理”时,d with常与连接代词what连用,而deal with常与连接副词hw连用。
这两个短语在意思上有细微的差别。一般来说,d with意为“处置;忍受;相处;有关”等。
deal with意义很广,意为“对付;应付;处理;安排;论述;涉及;与……打交道/做生意”等。
Hw are yu ging t deal with the prblem?
你们打算怎样处理这个问题呢?
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Such man is difficult t deal with.
这种人不容易相处。
I’ve dealt with him fr ten years.
我和他做生意已经10年了。
This bk deals with the Middle East.
这本书是关于中东问题的。
He didn’t knw what t d with the prperty his father had left. 他不知道如何处理他父亲留下的财产。
I can’t d with the lud nise. 我无法忍受那种噪音。
Page N.262
高手过招
单项填空
①It is said in Australia there is mre land than the gvernment knws .
(2009·12·贵州贵阳检测)
A. it what t d with B. what t d it with
C. what t d with it D. t d what with it
②He knws t deal with man but when he meets wmen, he desn’t knw t d. (原创)
A. what; hw B. what; what
C. hw; what D. hw; hw
解析: ①选C。what t d (with it)为固定结构,意为“如何处理……”,意思等同于hw t deal (with it)。“疑问词+不定式”作knws的宾语。
②选C。作“对待,处理”讲时,d with 和deal with同义,deal with与hw搭配,d with与what搭配。
Page N.263
14. watch ver
看守;监视;照看
Culd yu watch (ver) my clthes while I have a swim?
我游泳时你能帮我看着我的衣服吗?
He felt that Gd was watching ver him.
他感觉到上帝保佑着他。
watch ut (fr) 当心,注意
watch fr sb./sth. 观察;等待
keep a watch n 监视
under the clse watch 在严密监视下
Page N.264
高手过招
翻译句子
①他们等待着进一步的发展。
②小心!汽车来了。
答案: ①They are watching fr further develpments.
②Watch ut! There’s a car cming.
Page N.265
重点句型
15. Over time my memry has develped s much that, like an elephant, I never frget anything I have been tld!
随着时间的推移,我的记忆能力发展得如此之快,就像一头大象一样,我从来不会忘记告诉我的任何事情!
s ...意为 “如此……以至于……”。
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②such+ a/an+adj.+单数可数名词+that-clause
adj.+复数名词+that-clause
adj.+不可数名词+that-clause
She’s s ill that she can’t get ut f bed.
她病得很重,都下不了床了。
These are such interesting bks that children like t read them.
这些书很有趣,孩子们喜欢读。
温馨提示
s that 既可以表达结果,又可以表达目的,表目的时相当于in rder that。
I stpped s that yu culd catch up.
我停下来以便你能赶得上。
“s ...”结构中的“s+adj./adv.”位于句首时,主句要倒装。
S hard des he wrk that he seldm ges hme.
他工作那么努力,几乎不回家。
“such ...”中的as引导的是一个定语从句。
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高手过招
单项填空
—What a beautiful day!
—Yes, it’s that I’d like t take a walk.
(2009·12·陕西西安检测)
A. such nice weather B. s a nice weather
C. t nice weather D. nice weather s
解析:选A。因为此处weather是中心词,但它为不可数名词,所以不能加冠词。
Page N.268
Unit 4 Wildlife prtectin
Page N.269
核心单词
1. decrease
v. 减少;(使)变小;变少
n. 减少;降低;减少的数量,其后常接介词in/f
Page N.270
联想拓展
decrease (sth.) t/by ... 减少到/了……
increase vi.&vt. 增加;增长;增强
n.增加;增加的数量
increase t/by ...增加到/了……
n the decrease/increase 在减少/增加
易混辨析
reduce/decrease
reduce 强调在“数量、大小,程度或强度”方面下降或减少。
decrease 侧重强调“稳定地,逐渐地,不断地”减少。
They are making every effrt t decrease the prductin cst. 他们正在尽力降低生产成本。
The membership decreased t 150.
会员数减少到了150人。
The number f students in the class has decreased by 20.
班级里的人数减少了20人。
There has been a decrease in ur imprts.
我们的进口数量减少了。
Page N.271
高手过招
完成句子 (原创)
①这些措施将有助于降低生产成本。
will help the cst f prductin.
②人口出生率正在下降。
The birthrate is .
答案:①These measures; decrease
②n the decrease
Page N.272
2. suggest
vt. 建议;提出(意见、计划、理论等);暗示;表明
常用结构:
suggest+ding 建议做……
suggest sb./sb.’s ding sth.
建议某人做某事(不说suggest sb. t d sth.)
suggest sth. t sb.
向某人提议…… (不能说suggest sb. sth.)
suggest (t sb.)+that从句(向某人)建议。(所接从句用虚拟语气:sb.+shuld+动词原形,shuld可以省略)
Page N.273
It is suggested that ... 建议是……
suggest sth. 暗示;表明……
suggest+that从句 暗示;表明……(从句用陈述语气)
suggest sth. t sb. 使某人想起……
I suggest ding it in anther way.
我建议换一种方式做这件事。
They suggested anther shp t us.
他们向我们建议了另一家商店。
She suggested that we(shuld)have lunch at the new restaurant.
她建议我们在那家新开的餐馆吃午餐。
Her expressin suggested that she had tld a lie.
她的表情表明她撒了谎。
Page N.274
温馨提示
suggestin, advice, prpsal作“建议”讲时,相关的名词性从句要用虚拟语气。
My suggestin is that we (shuld) g t the cinema tgether.我建议我们一块儿去看电影。(表语从句)
It’s suggested that yu (shuld) stay here fr anther week.建议你在这儿再待一个星期。(主语从句)
He gave me an suggestin that I shuld g t Shanghai fr a hliday.他建议我去上海旅游。(同位语从句)
Page N.275
高手过招
单项填空
His suggestin t see the art exhibitin interested everyne f us. (2009·12·山东潍坊检测)
A. that we g B. which we shuld g
C. that we wuld g D. we shuld g
解析:选A。不管是suggest的何种形式,在句子中有“建议”之意时,后接的从句必须用虚拟语气。
Page N.276
3. affect
vt. 影响;侵袭;相当于;使感动;激起(悲伤、愤怒、爱等情绪)
易混辨析
affect/effect/influence
affect vt.表示“影响,(病)侵袭”,多指不好的影响。当affect的宾语是人时,它表示引起心智或感情上的影响,即“使……感动”。
effect 表示“影响”时,是名词,指由于某种原因直接产生的结果,常用短语为:have an effect n对……有影响;in effect正在实行;实际上;side effect副作用;take effect开始实行;开始生效;withut effect没有效果;cme int effect生效;实施;bring/carry sth. int effect使……生效;be f n effect 无效果。
Page N.277
influence多指对人的思想、观念、心理情绪等内在的东西产生潜移默化的影响,或对人的决定、行为等造成某种程度的影响。
The disease is beginning t affect her brain.
疾病逐渐侵袭她的大脑。
We are deeply affected by his devtin t wrk.
他对工作的奉献令我们深受感动。
The bk had a great influence n his life.
这本书对他的人生影响很大。
He is, in effect, my rival. 实际上,他是我的竞争对手。
Page N.278
高手过招
单项填空
Sichuan prvince by the earthquake,causing difficulties t the pstfestival rad transprt. (2009·11·陕西西安检测)
A. were affected B. was affected
C. had effected D. has affected
解析:选B。affect 为动词,意思是“影响;感动”;effect为名词,意思是“影响;效果”。根据句意选择B。
Page N.279
4. appreciate
vt.欣赏;感激;意识到;体会;理解
appreciate后可接名词、代词、动名词、名词性从句等作宾语,但不能接不定式。表示“感激,感谢”时,其后的宾语只能为“物”,不能为“人”。其后不直接跟if或when引导的从句,若语义上需要接这类从句,需借助it,即:appreciate it if/when ...。
Page N.280
易混辨析
appreciate/thank
appreciate 意为“感激,感谢”时的结构为:
appreciate (ding) sth.
appreciate it if/when ...
thank表示“感谢”时的结构为:thank sb. fr sth.。
I appreciate yur ability very much.
我很欣赏你的能力。
We shall appreciate hearing frm yu again.
能再次收到你的来信,我们将十分感激。
I appreciate that yu have cme here s early.
感谢你来得这么早。
I wuld appreciate it very much if yu wuld help me with it.如果你能帮助我做这件事,我将不胜感激。
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高手过招
单项填空
I really appreciate t relax with yu n this nice island.
A. t have had time B. having time
C. t have time D. t having time
解析:选B。考查appreciate的搭配。此处appreciate意为“欣赏”,其后不能接动词不定式作宾语,而只能用名词或动名词形式。
Page N.282
5. mercy
n. 仁慈;宽恕;宽容;恩惠;幸运;怜悯
常用结构:
at the mercy f sb./sth. 任由某人(某事物)摆布或控制
have mercy n/upn 对……有怜悯心
shw mercy t sb. 宽恕/怜悯某人
withut mercy 毫不留情地;残忍地
They shwed mercy t their enemies.
他们对敌人很仁慈。
It’s a mercy she wasn’t hurt in the accident.
她在事故中未受伤, 真幸运。
Page N.283
高手过招
翻译句子 (原创)
①那只船在暴风雨中失去了控制。
②可怜可怜我们吧!
答案:①The ship was at the mercy f the strm.
②Have mercy n us!
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6. hunt
vi.&vt.打猎,猎取;搜索
Wlves hunt in packs.
狼是成群猎食的。
Plice are hunting an escaped criminal.
警方正在追捕逃犯。
常用结构:
hunt fr 试图找到(某人/物)
hunt after 探求;追求
答案:①I’m hunting fr a lst bk.
②Many peple hunt after fame all their lives but never find it.
Page N.285
7. include
vt. 包括;包含
include侧重指范围,其主语和宾语属于同类,是整体与部分的关系。后面常接名词、代词、动名词作宾语。
The trip includes a visit t Beijing.
旅行包括到北京参观。
联想拓展
cntain vt. 表示“包含,含有;能容纳”,侧重指内容或成分,其主语和宾语不属于同类。
This fruit cntains a lt f vitamins.
这个水果含有丰富的维他命。
hld vt. 表示“容纳;盛有……”;表示“里面装有……”时可与cntain互换。
This rm can hld 50 peple.这间屋子能容纳50人。
Page N.286
高手过招
(1)用include的适当形式填空
①Our grup has ten students, Tm .
②We will learn 7 subjects this term, PE.
(2)单项填空
Even if they didn’t the cst f fd in the tur, it’s still a cheap vacatin t the U.S.
Hld B. cntain C. share D. Include
解析:(1)①included ②including
(2) 选D。根据句意可知用“包括”。而cntain多用来强调所包含的内容本来就是物体固有的一部分。
Page N.287
重点短语
8. die ut
灭绝;逐渐消失;灭亡
联想拓展
die fr渴望;很想
die t d 渴望;很想
die away(尤指声音、光、风)逐渐消失;停止
die dwn (兴奋、激动等情绪)渐弱;渐息;平息
die ff (家族,种族等)相继死亡;(草木)枯死
die frm/f 因……而死;通常由疾病、饥寒、情感原因造成的死亡用die f,除此之外的原因用die frm。
Many species will sn die ut if we dn’t take actin.
如果我们不采取行动,许多物种将很快灭绝。
Many ld custms have died ut.
许多旧的风俗已不复存在。
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高手过招
(1)单项填空
①This kind f plants are . Sme day they
will frever. (2009·12·甘肃天水检测)
A. dying ff;die ut
B. dying away;die ff
C. dying dwn;die ut
D. dying ut;die away
②Unfrtunately, the sldier died a wund in the chest. (2009·12·山东德州检测)
A. frm B. ut
C. ff D. dwn
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(2)用die的相关短语填空 (原创)
①The nise f the car in the distance.
②The ld traditins are .
③The man a wund.
④I’m smething t eat.
解析:(1)①选A。前面句子用了进行时,表示正在灭亡,故用die ff。后面表示有一天会永远消失,故用die ut。
②选A。根据句意此处sldier死的原因应该是胸部受伤。
(2)①died away ②dying ut ③died frm
④dying fr
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9. prtect ...
保护……免受……,后接较小的事情或危害,如:frst, harm, catching cld。
联想拓展
prtect ...后接较大的事情,如:战争、灾害、重税、威胁等。
keep sb. frm ding sth. prevent/stp sb.(frm) ding sth.阻止某人做某事
keep sb. ding sth.使某人一直做某事
defend 保卫……以抵御……
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易混辨析
defend/prtect/guard/preserve
defend 保卫;防护;防守(含有采取措施抵制进攻的意思);prtect 常含有提供安全的方式来驱开不适、伤害或进攻的意思;guard 含有看守的意思;preserve 指采取措施维护、保护、保存。
Yu must learn t prtect yurself frm the danger.
你必须学会保护自己,免遭危险。
She had t defend herself against the guard dg.
她不得不防备看门狗咬她。
A pliceman was guarding the entrance t the embassy.
一位警察正守卫在大使馆出口处。
It is ne f the duties f the plice t preserve public rder.警察的职责之一是维持公共秩序。
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高手过招
单项填空
Use the umbrella t yurself frm the rain. (原创)
A. prevent B. prtect
C. defend D. prtectin
解析:选B。prevent sb. frm ding sth.防止某人干某事,意思类似于stp/keep sb. frm ding sth.;prtect sb. frm sth.保护某人免遭伤害;defend保卫;防护;防守(含有采取措施抵制进攻的意思)。
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10. pay attentin t
注意
联想拓展
bring sth. t ne’s attentin 使某事引起某人注意
call/draw ne’s attentin t sth. 使某人注意某事
draw/catch/attract ne’s attentin 引起某人的注意
fix/fcus/cncentrate ne’s attentin n sth.
集中注意力于某事物
Yu shuld pay attentin t yur spelling.
你要注意自己的拼写。
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高手过招
完成句子 (原创)
①他的提议没有引起任何注意。
N attentin his advice.
②他提醒我注意一些新的证据。
He sme new evidence.
答案:①was paid t
②called/drew my attentin t
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11. cme int being
形成;产生(不可用于被动语态或进行时)
联想拓展
cme int existence 形成;产生;开始存在
cme int effect/frce/peratin开始生效;开始实施
cme int use 开始被使用
cme int pwer上台执政
cme int fashin 开始流行
cme int ffice 就职
cme int actin 开始行动
We d nt knw when this wrld came int being.
我们不知道世界是何时形成的。
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高手过招
单项填空
Befre the cmputer , peple culd never imagine it culd bring abut such great changes t human life. (2009·12·福建龙岩一中检测)
A. came int beingB. was discvered
C. was cme int being D. was frmed
解析:选A。句意为:在电脑出现之前,人们绝不会想到它会给人类的生活带来如此巨大的变化。电脑不能说是“被发现”或“被形成”的,排除B、D两项。cme int being不能用于被动语态和进行时,排除C项,故选A。
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重点句型
12. Why are they in danger f disappearing?
它们为什么处于灭绝的危险中?
常用结构:
in danger (f) 在危险中
be in danger f 有……的危险
be ut f danger 脱离危险
The girl’s life was bviusly in immediate danger.
很明显,这女孩的生命危在旦夕。
The sick man is in danger f death. 这位病人有死亡的危险。
The wunded pliceman is nw ut f danger.
受伤的警察已脱离危险。
联想拓展
be a danger t sb./sth. 危险的人/因素
be dangerus fr 对……有危险
endanger vt. 危害,危及
endangered adj. 有危险的;濒临灭绝的
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高手过招
完成句子
①他再这样下去会丢掉工作的。
He is lsing his jb if he ges n like this.
②警察说这个男人对于公众来说是个危险分子。
The plice said the man was the public.
答案: ①in danger f ②a danger t
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13. They lived n the earth tens f millins f years ag, lng befre humans cme int being.
千百万年前,恐龙就在地球上生活,比人类的出现要早得多。
lng befre ...在……之前很长一段时间
I knew the news that they were invited t the party, lng befre yu tld me.
早在你告诉我之前很久我就知道他们被邀请来参加晚会的消息了。
答案:They had knwn each ther lng befre I knew them.
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Unit 5 Music
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核心单词
1. attach
vt.&vi. 系上;缚上;附加;连接
常用结构:
attach ...附上;连接;系上;把……归于……
attach imprtance/significance/value t sth.
认为某事物重要/有意义/有重要价值
attach neself t 依附; 参加(党派等)
be attached t 热爱;依恋;附属于
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I attached a wire t the radi.
我在收音机上接了一根金属线。
He’ll attach the label t yur luggage.
他会把标签系在你的行李上。
Hw can yu attach the blame fr this accident t the driver?
你怎么能把这次事故的责任归于司机呢?
Althugh he was seriusly ill, he tk part in the basketball match because he attached great value t his schl sprts recrd. 尽管他病得很重,他还是参加了学校的篮球比赛,因为他把学校的体育纪录看得很重。
He is deeply attached t his mther.
他深爱着自己的母亲。
This hspital is attached t the medical cllege nearby.
这个医院附属于附近的那所医学院。
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高手过招
完成句子 (原创)
①很多人认为成为富人和名人很重要。
Many peple attach becming rich and famus.
②我们要把发展经济的工作放在首位。(primary)
We shuld attach the develpment f ecnmy.
答案: ①great imprtance t
②primary imprtance t
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2. frm
vt. 形成;构成;排列;(使)组成;养成(习惯)
联想拓展
frm用作名词时的固定搭配:
as a matter f frm 作为一种形式;礼貌上
fill ut/in a frm 填表格
take the frm f ... 采取……的形式
in the frm f ... 以……的形式
be in/ut f frm 处于良好/不良的竞技状态
易混辨析
frm/shape/figure
这三个名词的一般含义为“形状”或“外形”。
frm是其中最普通、使用范围最广、含义最多的词。它可以表示哲学上讲的“形态”,文艺上的“体裁”,雕刻艺术中的“形状”,以及普通含义的“方式”或“形式”等。此外,frm也可以表示人或动物的“体形;外形”。
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shape可以表示隐约可见的“人影”或“物影”、“几何图形”、人体“外形”、引人注目的人物或塑像等。
figure指物时,侧重指轮廓;指人时,着重指姿态。
A plan began t frm in his mind.
一项计划在他脑海里形成。
One f the mst imprtant tasks fr parents is t help and prmte t frm a child’s character.
父母的一个重要任务就是要帮助和促进孩子个性的形成。
The sldiers frmed int a line.士兵们排成一行。
Flur, eggs, fat and sugar frm the main cntents f a cake. 面粉、鸡蛋、脂肪和糖是做蛋糕的主要原料。
This disease takes the frm f high fever and sickness fr several days. 这种病呈现持续几天的发热和呕吐症状。
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高手过招
(1)单项填空
This band is f eight bys and girls, including tw Japanese. (2009·12·福建泉州检测)
A. made B. cnsist C. attended D. frmed
(2)翻译句子 (原创)
①老师让学生排成一排。
②他们正在用陶土做碗。
解析:(1) 选D。句意为:这支乐队由8个男孩和女孩组成,其中有2个是日本人。“由……组成”可用be made up f, be frmed f或cnsist f表示。
(2)①The teacher frmed the students int a line.
②They are frming bwls frm clay.
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3. brief
adj. 简短的;简要的
n. 搞要;大纲
briefly adv. 简要地;短暂地
Mzart’s life was brief.莫扎特的一生是短暂的。
It’s nt part f my brief t train new emplyees.
培训新雇员不是我工作范围内的事。
常用结构:
in brief
t be brief简言之;简单地说;一句话
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高手过招
翻译句子
①请简洁地说。
②总之,你做得不好。
答案:①Please be brief.
②In brief, yur wrk is bad.
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4. earn
vt. 赚;挣得;获利;赢得;获得
常用结构:
earn ne’s living=make a living 谋生
earn mney= make mney 挣钱
earn a gd reputatin 赢得一个好名声
易混辨析
earn/btain/acquire/get/gain
earn 侧重指依靠自己的劳动或因付出代价,有功而获得。
btain 着重指通过巨大努力、要求得到所需或盼望已久的东西。
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acquire书面用语,强调通过不断地、持续地努力而获得某物,也指日积月累地获得。
get一般用语,使用较广。可指以任何方式得到某物,也不一定要经过努力。
gain侧重指经过努力或有意识的行动而取得某种成就,或指获得某种利益或好处。
She earned a living as a parttime secretary.
她靠做兼职秘书为生。
He failed t btain a schlarship.
他没有获得奖学金。(巨大努力、盼望已久的)
His achievement earned him respect.
他的成就赢得人们的尊敬。(靠自己的劳动)
He gained much gd. 他得到很多好处。(利益或好处)
He gt the first prize in the listening cntest.
他在听力比赛中获得了一等奖。(使用较广)
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高手过招
单项填空
The day I discvered that the gd name my parents had
brught ur whle family the respect f ur neighburs. (2009·12·福建福州检测)
earned B. deserved C. given D. Used
解析:选A。按照句意,此处应为“赢得”的意思。earn的宾语可以是name, fame, reputatin, psitin等。
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5. hit
n. (演出等)成功;打击;打
vt.&vi. 击中;碰撞;袭击;(精神上)打击;使突然想起
常用结构:
hit it 猜中,说对了
hit n/upn 偶然碰上;偶然找到;偶然想起
be/make a hit (with sb.)
(给某人)留下很好的第一印象;使某人一见钟情
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易混辨析
hit/strike/beat
hit 用于表示“命中,击败”。
strike 指有意识的动作,也可以指无意识的动作,可能是用力地打一下,也可能是多下。敲钟必须用strike。
beat 指有目的地在某物上连续不断地击打、轻打、重打都可以。如:心脏的跳动。
Her new series is a smash hit.
她的新系列节目极为成功,引起轰动。
The farmers were hit hard by the drught last winter.
去年冬天久旱不雨,农民受到严重打击。
It hit me all f a sudden that he had already cme back.
我突然想到他已经回来了。
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高手过招
单项填空
The sng was a at nce and its recrding tape rse t N.1 n the best-seller list.
(2009·12·江西玉山检测)
shck B. strike C. hit D. beat
解析:选C。按照句意此处表示“(演出等方面)成功”。
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6. perfrmance
n. [C]演出;演奏;表演;成绩;成果;表现
[U]履行;实行;完成
常用结构:
put n a perfrmance 上演;表演
give a perfrmance 进行表演
The evening perfrmance begins at 8 ’clck.
晚上的演出8点开始。
He failed cmpletely in the perfrmance f his duty.
他完全没有履行他的职责。
Our basketball team’s perfrmance has been excellent.
我们篮球队的表现一向优异。
联想拓展
perfrm v. 履行,执行,做;表演,演出;工作运转(好/不好)
The engine seems t be perfrming well.
这台机器看上去运转良好。
perfrm an experiment 做实验
perfrm an peratin 做手术
perfrm a ceremny 出席仪式
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高手过招
单项填空
It was knwn t him that they wuld invite him t in the New Year’s Cncert.
(2009·12·江西安福中学检测)
perfrm B. reach C. attain D. accmplish
解析:选A。动词perfrm此处用作不及物动词,意为“表演;演出;演奏”,其他三个词意为“达到;完成”,不符合句意。
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7. familiar
adj. 熟悉的;常见的;亲近的
联想拓展
get/be familiar with 主语通常是人,表示“熟知某人/某事”。
be familiar t 主语一般为物,表示“(对某人来说)某物是很熟悉的(事物)”。
Are yu familiar with this type f car?
你熟悉这种型号的汽车吗?
Are yu familiar with the rules f baseball?
你熟悉棒球的规则吗?
These facts are familiar t yu all.
这些事实你们大家都很熟悉。
French was as familiar t him as English.
他像熟悉英语那样熟悉法语。
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高手过招
完成句子 (原创)
①我可以当你的导游,因为我对这个地方非常熟悉。
I can be yur guide because I this area.
②他的名字是我所熟悉的,但是我想如果我再看到他,恐怕认不出来了。
His name me, but I dn’t think I can recgnize him if I see him again.
答案: ①am familiar with ②is familiar t
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重点短语
8. dream f
梦想
常用结构:
dream f/abut (ding) sth. 梦见做……
dream f/abut sb./sth梦见某人/某物
dream ne’s life away虚度光阴
dream a 做……梦
I dreamt abut flying last night.
昨夜我梦见自己在飞翔。
Was it real r did I dream it?
是真的还是我当时在做梦呢?
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高手过招
翻译句子 (原创)
①她虚度一生, 一事无成。
②我梦见自己能飞翔。
答案:①She dreamt her life away, never really achieved anything.
②I dreamt (that) I culd fly.
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9. t be hnest(with yu)
老实(对你)说
联想拓展
hnestly speaking老实说;实话实说
t tell the truth 说实话;老实说
T be hnest, I dn’t like him very much.
老实说,我并不是很喜欢他。
We dn’t have a chance f winning the match, t be hnest. 说实话,我们没有赢得这场比赛的可能。
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高手过招
单句改错 (原创)
①T be hnesty, it is the wrst film I have ever seen.
②Hnest speaking, yu are the mst hardwrking
persn I have ever seen.
答案:①hnesty→hnest ②Hnest→Hnestly
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10. break up
解散;驱散;分裂;拆散;结束;使精神垮掉
联想拓展
break away frm 摆脱;脱离
break dwn 机器出故障;崩溃; 瓦解
break in 破门而入;插嘴
break int the huse破门而入
break ne’s prmise/wrd 食言
break ut 战争、火灾等爆发
break int laughter 突然大笑
break thrugh 突破;穿过
break ff the cnversatin/relatins中断交谈/关系
The plice tried t break up the crwd.
警察试图驱散人群。
The car is always breaking dwn.这辆车老是出毛病。
Children shuldn’t break in n adults’ cnversatin.
小孩子不要打断大人们的谈话。
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高手过招
单项填空
The cuple had quarrelled all time befre they their engagement. (2009·12·安徽合肥一中检测)
A. brke dwn B. brke thrugh
C. brke ff D. brke ut
解析:选C。句中quarrel暗示了“中断婚约”。break ff the cnversatin/relatins中断交谈/关系。
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11. abve all
首先;尤其;最重要的是
联想拓展
abve all是从事物的重要性上说的“首先,最重要的是”。
first f all是从事物的排列顺序上说的“第一”。
in all表示“总共;总而言之”。
after all表示“毕竟”。
all in all 从各方面考虑;总的来说
nt at all 不用谢
all lng 一直,始终
Never waste anything, and abve all, never waste time.
不要浪费东西,尤其是不要浪费时间。
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高手过招
单项填空
—Wuld yu like t see a film with me?
—I’d lve t, but I cannt; , I am busy. Fr anther, I dn’t want t g ut tday.
(2009·11·江苏扬州检测)
A. fr ne thing B. fr example
C. fr anther thing D. abve all
解析:选A。从空后的fr anther可知答案。fr ne thing, anther为固定搭配,意思是“一方面……,另一方面……”。
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12. srt ut
分类;整理
常用结构:
srt sth./neself ut解决(某个/自己的问题等)
We must srt ut the gd apples frm the bad nes.
咱们得把好苹果拣出来, 同坏的分开。
Let’s leave them t srt themselves ut.
他们的事儿让他们自己解决吧。
联想拓展
lk ut 当心
pick ut 挑选出
sell ut 卖光
put ut 扑灭
wear ut 穿坏
carry ut 执行
take ut 取出
try ut 试试
find ut 查明
be/g ut 外出,熄灭
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高手过招
翻译句子 (原创)
①我需要先安顿一下, 然后再去找新的工作。
②这个房间需要收拾一下。
答案:①I need t srt my life/myself ut a bit befre I start lking fr a new jb.
②This rm needs srting ut.
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重点句型
13. Their persnal life was regularly discussed by peple wh did nt knw them but talked as if they were clse friends.
一些不认识他们的人也在不断地讨论他们的私生活,而且就像是他们的密友一样在谈论他们。
as if/thugh “好像,似乎”;可引导状语从句。
作连词时,后可跟从句、分词、形容词等,引导从句时常用虚拟语气,表示与事实不符或相反的情况。
与现在事实不符或相反,谓语动词常用一般过去时(be动词用were);
与过去事实不符或相反,谓语动词常用过去完成时;
有时不接从句,而接分词、形容词、副词,不定式、介词短语等,可以看成是省略的句子。
He spke in that way as if he were a freigner.
他讲话的方式就好像是老外。
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高手过招
单项填空
He held his pen as if he what t write.
(2009·12·山东莱州检测)
A. has knwn B. had knwn
C. knew D. knwn
解析:选B。由主句是一般过去时可推出从句虚拟语气为过去完成时。
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14. Hwever, after a year r s in which they became mre serius abut their wrk, the Mnkees started t play and sing their wn sngs like a real band.
然而,大约一年以后,他们对自己的工作开始逐渐认真起来。“门基”组合开始像一支真正的乐队那样演唱他们自己的歌曲了。
in which此处引导定语从句修饰a year r s,可换成when,“介词+关系代词which”大多可转换成关系副词来引导定语从句。
I shall never frget the day n which (=when) we mved int ur new huse.
我将永远不会忘记我们搬进新居的那一天。
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高手过招
翻译句子
①那起交通事故就是在这里发生的吗?
②我们不知道她为什么没来参加聚会。
答案:①Is this the place at which (=where) the traffic accident ccurred?
②We dn’t knw the reasn fr which (=why) she didn’t cme t the party.
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必修 3
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Unit 1 Festivals arund the wrld
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核心单词
1. starve
vt.&vi. (使)饿死;饥饿;渴望,急需;饿得要死
Shes starving herself trying t lse weight.
她为了减肥而忍饥挨饿。
常用结构:
starve fr渴望得到……
starve t death 饿死
be starved f极需,缺乏
starve sb. int sth./ ding sth.使某人挨饿以迫使其做某事
The plants are starving fr water.这些植物极需要水。
They gt lst in the desert and starved t death.
他们在沙漠中迷了路而被饿死了。
The engine was starved f petrl and wuldn’t start.
发动机缺油,发动不起来。
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联想拓展
starvatin n. 挨饿;饿死
高手过招
(1)单项填空
Many peple death in the earthquake as a result f the delay f the supplies.(2009·12·陕西西安检测)
A. were starved f B. starved t
C. were starved D. starved fr
(2)用starve相关短语的适当形式填空 (原创)
①Thusands f peple in Africa.
②These children are lve.
③The peple n the island fresh water since it hadn’t rained fr nearly half a year.
解析: (1)选B。starve t death为固定搭配,意为“饿死”,符合句意。be starved f与starve fr均为“渴望”之意。
(2)①starved t death/died f starvatin
②starving fr③were starved f
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It is my belief that ...我相信……
He has great belief in his dctr.他对他的医生无比信赖。
She has lst her belief in Gd.她已不相信上帝。
高手过招
用brief相关短语的适当形式填空
①He came t me I culd help him.
② that nuclear weapns are immral.
③The cruelty f the murders was .
答案: ①in the belief that②It is my belief
③beynd belief
2. belief
n. \[C/U\] 信任;信仰,信心
believe vi.&vt. 相信
常用结构:
have belief in sth./sb. 对某物/某人的真实性和正确性所具有的信心
beynd belief 难以置信
in the belief that ... 相信……
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3. gain
n. 获得;增加;获利,获得物;收益;利润
vt. 得到;获得,赢得,增加,增添,到达;(钟、表等)快
He gained full marks in the examinatin.他考试得了满分。
Fr the first time in her life she gained a clear idea f hw vast the wrld is.
她生平第一次明确地知道世界是多么大。
The cmpany has made ntable gains in prductivity.
该公司在生产能力方面已经有了明显的提高。
My watch gains five minutes a day.我的表一天快5分钟。
易混辨析
gain/win/get/earn/acquire
gain指在斗争,竞争中做出很大努力而“获得……”,所得到的东西常具有一定价值。
win含有取胜的一方具有优越的特质或条件而能克服各种障碍的意思,意为“赢得”。
get为普通词,有时指不一定需要努力就能“得到”。
earn意为“赚得”,表示经过艰苦努力所得到的报酬。
acquire意为“获得,取得”,一般指通过漫长的过程而逐渐获得。
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高手过招
选词填空(beat/defeat/cnquer/win) (原创)
①I’m new in the jb but I have already experience.
②Please me a glass f water.
③His perseverance him many friends and a gld medal.
④He up t $50,000 a year by writing stries.
⑤After six years’ study, he has a gd knwledge f English.
答案: ①gained②get③has wn④earns⑤acquired
4. award
vt. 授予,奖给(后多接双宾语,在多数场合下用被动形式be awarded);判定
n.奖,奖品;奖金
Medals were awarded t the best speakers n the debating team.
奖章授给了辩论队中的最佳演说者。
He gt the highest award in the cntest.
他得到了比赛的最高奖。
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易混辨析
award/prize/reward
award既可作动词也可作名词,指为鼓励在工作中达到或完成所提出的要求或条件的人而进行的奖励,往往强调荣誉而不在乎奖品的大小或奖金的多少。
prize为名词,多指在各类竞赛、竞争或抽彩中所赢得的奖。这种奖赏有的凭能力获得,有的凭运气获得。
reward既可作动词也可作名词,指对某人的工作或服务等的报答。也指因帮助警察抓到罪犯或帮助失主找到东西而得到的赏金、酬金。
He wn the award fr the best student f the year.
他获得本年度最优秀学生奖。
A prize was given t the persn wh had the winning number.奖品奖给了那个获得中奖号码的人。
He received a medal as a reward fr his curage.
他得到一枚奖章,作为对他勇敢的奖励。
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高手过招
单项填空
Three university departments have been $600,000 t develp gd practice in teaching and learning.(2009·12·江苏泰兴检测)
A.Prmted B.included
C.Secured D.awarded
解析:选D。考查词义辨析。prmte 促进,提升;include包括;secure保证,使安全;award授予,奖给。根据句意“被奖励了600,000美元”可知,D项正确。
5. admire
vt. 赞美;钦佩;羡慕。其后可接人或物作宾语,但不可以接宾语从句作宾语。
admiratin n. 赞美,钦佩;令人赞美的人或物
admirer n. 钦佩者;羡慕者
admire sb. fr sth. 因某事钦佩或羡慕某人
express admiratin fr sb. 对某人表示钦佩
have great admiratin fr sb. 十分钦佩某人
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in admiratin f 表示钦佩
with/in admiratin 心怀钦佩地They admired ur garden.他们羡慕我们的花园。
I admire him fr his success in business.
我羡慕他事业有成。
Arent yu ging t admire my new huse?
你难道不想夸夸我的新房子吗?
联想拓展
warn sb. f sth.警告某人某事
rb sb. f sth.抢劫某人某物
rid sb. f sth.使某人摆脱/除去某物
suspect sb. f sth.怀疑某人某事
accuse sb. f sth. 控告某人某事
demand answer f sb.要求某人答复
ask a favur f sb.请某人帮忙
高手过招
完成句子 (原创)
①Stp lking in the mirrr (自我欣赏).
②Visitrs t Beijing usually (钦佩那里的警察).
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③Our schl is widely (羡慕) its excellent teaching .
答案: ①admiring yurself②admire the plicemen there
③admired fr
6. remind
vt. 提醒;使想起
常用结构:
remind sb. f/abut sth. 提醒某人记住/想起某事
remind sb. t d sth. 提醒某人做某事
remind sb. that ...提醒某人/使某人想起……
I reminded Gerald f his prmise.我提醒吉罗德他曾许下的诺言。
Please remind me t write t my mther tmrrw.
请提醒我明天给我母亲写信。
高手过招
翻译句子 (原创)
①这些照片使我想起我的童年。
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②请提醒我每天服三次药。
答案: ①These phts remind me f my childhd.
②Please remind me t take my medicine three times a day. /Please remind me that I shuld take my medicine three times a day.
7. permissin
n. \[U\]许可,允许
permit vt. 准许,许可,允许
n. 许可(证);执照
常用结构:
with/withut (nes) permissin 得到允许/未经允许
ask sb. fr permissin 征求某人的许可
give sb. permissin t d sth. 允许某人做某事
have nes permissin 得到某人的同意
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高手过招
完成句子
①They entered the area (未经允许).
②Yu will need t btain planning (许可证) if yu want t extend yur huse.
答案: ①withut permissin②permissin
8. clthing
n. (总称)衣服,服装\[U\]
Check yur belngings and make sure yu dnt leave yur articles f clthing behind.
检查你的行李,不要丢下衣物。
Fd, clthing and shelter are everynes pririties.
衣食住行是每一个人优先考虑的事情。
易错辨析
clthing/clthes/clth
clthing是衣服、被褥的总称,为不可数名词;
clthes指包括上衣、裤子、内衣、外衣等在内的具体的衣服,它没有单数形式,只能说many/sme/a few clthes; clth则指做衣服所用的布料,为不可数名词。
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高手过招
选词填空(clthing/clthes/clth)
①The industry in this area has been ging frm strength t strength.
②It’s cld utside. Yu’d better put n mre .
③Hw much des it take t make a bluse fr a girl?
答案:①clthing②clthes③clth
重点短语
9. take place
发生;举行
In the meantime, an ecnmic crisis tk place in that cuntry.
在此期间那个国家发生了经济危机。
The Olympic Games take place every fur years.
奥林匹克运动会每四年举行一次。
联想拓展
take nes place=take the place f ...代替……
take the first place 获得第一名
in place f 代替
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易错辨析
take place/happen/break ut/ccur
take place 通常表示计划、安排之内的“发生”。
happen指事情偶然的发生,常带有未能预见的含义;另外,还有“碰巧”之意。
break ut指火灾、战争或瘟疫的突然爆发。
ccur指按计划发生,常指(某想法、某事)出现在某人的头脑中。常见结构:It ccurs/ccurred t sb. that表示“某人想起某事”。
It ccurred t me that I had frgtten my keys.
我想起了我忘了带钥匙。
高手过招
完成句子 (原创)
①It was in the church that their wedding (举行).
②Will yu attend the meeting (代替) me?
③ (请就座), please! Were ready t start.
④It’s hard t find a man t (代替) the present manager.
⑤Liu Xiang (获得第一名) in the 110m hurdle race.
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答案:①tk place②in place f③Take yur place/seat
④take the place f⑤tk the first place
10. in memry f
=t the memry f 纪念;追念
Many ceremnies are in memry f famus peple.
很多典礼是为了纪念名人的。
The statue was built in memry f the famus scientist.
这个雕像是为了纪念那位有名的科学家而建的。
联想拓展
in hnur f 为了纪念……;向……表示敬意
in praise f 歌颂;称赞
in favur f 赞同, 支持
in charge f 负责
in need f 需要;缺少
in search f 寻找
in pssessin f 拥有
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高手过招
(1)单项填空
This mnument was built the little her.
(2009·12·陕西咸阳检测)
A. in place f B. in search f
C. in memry f D. in need f
(2)用由“in+n.+f”构成的短语填空(原创)
①A mnument was set up (纪念) the dead sldiers.
②He funded the charity (兴办那项慈善事业) (怀念) his late wife.
③If yu are (需要) anything, dn’t hesitate t let me knw.
④In the discussin, I was (支持) Mr Li.
解析: (1)选C。考查短语辨析。句意为:这座纪念碑是为纪念那位小英雄而建的。in place f 代替;in search f搜寻;in memry f为纪念……;in need f需要。
(2)①in memry/hnur f②in memry f
③in need f④in favur f
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11. dress up
dress作“打扮自己或打扮某人”讲,与介词as/like连用或用于dress up as sb./dress up fr sth.结构。
We are suppsed t dress up as mvie characters fr the party, what a nvel idea!
我们在晚会上要装扮成电影中的角色,这是一个多么新奇的主意啊!
They dress up fr the ccasin.
为了参加这个活动,他们都穿上了盛装。
She dress up in Elizabethan cstume fr the fancydress ball.
她穿上伊丽莎白一世时代的服装去参加化装舞会。
联想拓展
be dressed in 穿着……衣服
be dressed as 打扮成
be well dressed 衣着讲究
dress neself 穿衣,打扮
dress sb. 给某人穿衣服高手过招
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高手过招
单项填空
in a white unifrm, he lks mre like a ck than a dctr. (2009·12·江西赣州检测)
A. Dressed B. T dress
C. Dressing D. Having dressed
解析:选A。be dressed in ...穿着……的衣服,表示一种状态。
12. play a trick/tricks n sb.
搞恶作剧;诈骗;开玩笑
The children played a trick n their teacher n April Fl’s Day.
孩子们在愚人节那天捉弄了他们的老师。
Remember nt t play any tricks n the disabled.
记住不要戏弄残疾人。
联想拓展
play a jke n sb. 开某人的玩笑
make fun f sb. 取笑某人
laugh at sb. 嘲笑某人
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smile at sb. 向某人微笑
make a fl f 愚弄;嘲笑
高手过招
用适当的介词填空 (原创)
①Tm liked making fun thers in public.
②It’s bad manners t laugh the disabled.
③These bys like playing tricks their teacher.
④He smiled me when he heard my funny answer.
答案:①f②at③n④at
13. lk frward t
期待某事/做某事(t为介词,后接名词或动名词)
We shuld lk frward t the futurity.
我们应该展望未来。
I am familiar with his wrk and lk frward t hearing his views n literary and artistic creatin.
我熟悉他的作品,并期待他能就文艺创作方面发表自己的见解。
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联想拓展
带有介词“t”的短语可用下面这两句话帮助记忆:
习惯于旧方式的人坚持反对新事物,这样导致许多献身于科学的人被宣判为大逆不道。不喜欢这种事实的人谈到此事时,总期待着增添自己的努力使它开始改变。
习惯于be (get) used t,坚持stick t,反对bject t,导致lead t,献身于be devted t,被宣判为be sentenced t,喜欢,谈到cme t,期待lk frward t,增添add t,开始get dwn t。
高手过招
(1)单项填空
She must be lking frward as much t his return as he himself is t her. (2009·12·浙江杭州检测)
A.See B.have seen C.seeing D.be seeing
(2)用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空 (原创)
①The by hurried frward (see) the wrldfamus il painting because he had been lking frward t (see) it fr a lng time.
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②The day I had been lking frward t (cme).
③I used t (get) up late, but nw I’m used t (get) up early.
解析: (1)选C。句意为:她盼望他归来,就如同他想见到她一样。as引导的是省略句,完整的句子是:as he himself is t lking frward t seeing her。此处分析句子结构,同时熟知lk frward t的用法即可突破。
(2)①t see; seeing②came③get; getting
14. turn up
出席(某活动)(常用于口语);出现;找到;把(收音机等的)音量调大一些(其反义短语是turn dwn);到场
I’m sure yur watch will turn up ne f these days.
我担保你的手表准有一天能找到。
We invited her t dinner but she didnt even bther t turn up.我们请她吃饭她都不露面。
I cant hear the radi very well; culd yu turn it up a bit?
我听不太清楚收音机,你把声音调大点行吗?
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联想拓展
turn against 反对;背叛
turn dwn (音量等)调小;拒绝
turn ff 关掉
turn n 打开;发动
turn ut 结果是……;证明是……
turn t sb. fr help 向某人求助
turn away 走开;转过脸去;把……打发走
turn in 进入;交出;上交
turn ver 打翻;移交;反复考虑
turn int把……变成……
高手过招
(1)单项填空
He prmised t cme yesterday,but he hasn’t yet.
(2009·12·浙江宁波检测)
A. turned in B. turned up
C. turned n D. turned ut
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(2)用适当的介词或副词填空 (原创)
①It’s half past ten, but he hasn’t turned yet.
②It’s wrng t turn ur mtherland.
③Please turn the radi a bit; I’m ding my hmewrk.
(3)用turn相关短语的适当形式填空(原创)
①Dn’t wrry. The file is sure t .
②Please the televisin a bit, I can’t hear it clearly.
③It that it was Tim wh brke the vase.
④The sad child his mther fr cmfrt.
解析: (1)选B。考查短语辨析。turn in 进入;交出;上交;turn n打开;turn ut 结果是……。均不符合句意。turn up 出现。
(2)①up②against③dwn
(3)①turn up②turn; up③turned ut
④turned t
15. keep nes wrd
守信用;履行诺言;wrd意为“诺言”时,是不可数名词,不可以用复数形式,其前面不可以用冠词修饰。
Yu shuld keep yur wrd nce yu make it.
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你一旦许诺就要遵守诺言。
Yu prmised yu wuld take the children t camp s yu must keep yur wrd.
你答应过要带孩子们去野营,所以你必须信守诺言。
联想拓展
break nes wrd 食言
get in a wrd 插嘴
in a/ne wrd=in shrt总而言之
in ther wrds 换句话说
wrd fr wrd 逐词
have a wrd with sb.与某人谈话
have wrds with sb. 与某人争吵
wrd came that ...有消息传来…
高手过招
单项填空
She said she wuldn’t d it, and she did keep her .
(2009·12·江西修水检测)
A. Wrds B. wrd C. custms D. aplgy
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解析:选B。句意为:她说她不会做那件事的,她确实履行了她的诺言。keep nes wrd 意为“履行诺言”。wrd意为“诺言”时,为不可数名词。
16. set ff
出发;动身;使爆炸
What time are yu planning t set ff tmrrw?
你打算明天几点钟启程?
The terrrist set ff a bmb in the city centre and killed six peple.恐怖分子在市中心引爆了炸弹,杀害了6个人。
联想拓展
set ff fr a place 出发到某地
set abut ding sth.开始(某工作);着手做某事
set ut 从某地出发上路
set ut t d sth.开始做某事
set sth. up 摆放或竖起某物;创立,建立
set sth. aside 将某事物放在一边;
(为某目的)节省或保留金钱或时间
set dwn记下;写下
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高手过招
用set相关短语的适当形式填空(原创)
①The new gvernment must finding slutins t the cuntry’s ecnmic prblems.
②The children the firewrks in the yard.
③She a bit f mney every mnth.
④They a statue in hnur f the natinal her.
⑤They’ve n a jurney rund the wrld.
答案:①set abut②set ff③sets aside
④set up⑤set ff/ut
重点句型
17. The cuntry, cvered with cherry tree flwers, lks as thugh it is cvered with pink snw.
(节日里)整个国度到处是盛开的樱花,看上去就像是覆盖了一层粉红色的雪。
as thugh/as if 意为“好像”。
联想拓展
as thugh/as if引导方式从句和表语、状语从句:
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①引导方式状语从句
She acted as thugh nthing had happened.
她装得好像什么事也没发生过似的。
注意:当从句主语和主句主语一致,且从句谓语中含有动词be时, 可把主语和be一起省略。
He lked abut as thugh (he was) in search f smething.
他四下张望, 好像在寻找什么。
②引导表语从句
It lks as if it’s ging t rain.看样子要下雨了。
③as thugh和as if从句是用虚拟语气, 还是用陈述语气, 完全根据具体情况而定。如果从句表示的意思与事实完全相反, 或者纯粹是一种假设, 通常用虚拟语气。
The child talks as if she were an adult.
那孩子说话的样子好像她是个大人。
高手过招
用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空(原创)
①The pencil lks as if it (break) with half f it in the glass f water.
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②Li Ming speaks English very well as thugh he (be) an Englishman.
③It seems as if ur team (be) ging t win.
④He talks abut pyramids as thugh he (see) them himself.
答案:①were brken②were③is ④had seen
18. It was bvius that the manager f the cffee shp was waiting fr Li Fang t leave ...
很明显,咖啡馆里的经理在等李方离开……
It was bvius/clear that bviusly/ clearly, ... 表示“很明显……,显而易见……”。属于It is/was + adj./n./p.p.+thatclause 结构。
联想拓展
It is necessary/imprtant/strange/natural+that+sb. shuld d 必要的/重要的是/奇怪的/自然的是某人应该……
It is a pity/a shame/n wnder+that+sb. shuld d
遗憾的是/羞愧的是/难怪某人应该……
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It is said/believed/reprted/annunced/expected/ ...+
that ...据说/判断/报道/宣布/预计……
It’s suggested/rdered that sb. (shuld) d建议/要求某人
(做)某事
Its n harm drinking running water in that area.
在那个地区喝自来水是无害的。
It was quite clear that they had n desire fr peace.
很显然他们没有和平的诚意。
It is said that the tickets have been sld ut. 据说票已售完。
高手过招
单项填空
used t be thught that the earth was square.
(2009·12·江西上饶检测)
He B. What C. It D. That
解析:选C。考查it用作形式主语的用法。that the earth was
square是真正的主语,而作形式主语的,只能是it。
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Unit 2 Healthy eating
Page N.364
核心单词
1. balance
n. 天平;平衡;结余,余额
v.平衡;权衡
Can yu balance yurself n skates?
你穿冰鞋能保持平衡吗?
If yu earn £100 and spend £60,yur balance is £40.
如果你挣100英镑,花60英镑,那么你就会结余40英镑。
Yu have t balance the advantages f living in the cuntry against the disadvantages.
你得权衡一下住在乡下的好处和坏处。
常用结构:
keep a balanced diet 保持饮食平衡
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keep nes balance 保持平衡
lse nes balance 失去平衡
ut f balance 不平衡
a sense f balance 平衡感
bank balance 银行余额
blance f trade贸易差额
keep balance f nature保持生态平衡
The tw trucks had wheels ut f balance n delivery.
这两部卡车在交货时车轮失去了平衡。
The by has a lt f disadvantages, but n balance I think he is still a gd by.
这个男孩有很多缺点,但全面考虑,我认为他仍然是好孩子。
联想拓展
balanced adj. 合理的;收支平衡的;镇静的
balanced diet 均衡饮食
a balanced judgement 公平的判决
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高手过招
单项填空
In educatin there shuld be a gd amng the branches f knwledge that cntribute t effective thinking and wise judgment.(2009·12·江西玉山检测)
A.distributin B.balance
C.cmbinatin D.assignment
解析:选B。balance平衡;distributin分发,分配,散布,分布;cmbinatin结合,联合;assignment分配,功课,任务,被指定的(课外)作业;(分派的)任务,委派。根据句意,选B。
2. lie
vi.& n.说谎;谎话,谎言(lied,lied,lying)
vi.躺,卧;处于(某一位置),在于……(lay,lain,lying)
常用结构:
tell a lie/tell lies t sb. 对某人说谎
a white lie 善意的谎言
lie t sb. 向某人说谎
lie in 在于;处于……状态
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there lies ... 某地有……
lie n nes back/side/stmach仰卧/侧卧/俯卧
It’s n wnder that she lied t the curt.
难怪她对法庭撒了谎。
West f the lake lies the famus city.
那个著名的城市坐落在湖的西面。
Yu are lying but lies can nt cver up facts.
你在说谎,但谎言掩盖不了事实。
I’d rather use my mney than leave it lying in the bank.
我宁愿把钱花掉也不愿搁在银行里不用。
联想拓展
lay vt. 放;搁;下(蛋);产(卵)(laid,laid,laying)
高手过招
单项填空
There was an il painting in the crner. It there fr several days. (原创)
A. laying; had laid B. lain; had laid
C. lying; had lain D. laid; had been lain
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解析:选C。第一空是“处于/在于……”的现在分词,第二空是其过去完成时。
3. amunt
n. 数量
vi. 合计,总计达;相当于,等同于
常用结构:
amunt t 总共达;相当于;等于
an amunt f ... 大量的……
the amunt f ... ……的数量
Planning withut any real actin amunts t nthing.
只计划不行动等于什么都不做。
The ttal cst f repairs amunted t $100.
修理费用总计达100美元。
联想拓展
表示数量的短语及用法:
a great deal f,a large/small/huge amunt f+不可数名词(作主语时,谓语用单数形式)
large/vast amunts f+不可数名词(作主语,谓语用复数形式)
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many,a gd/great many,a number f,large numbers f,a few,dzens f,scres f+可数名词复数(作主语,谓语用复数形式)
plenty f, a lt f+可数名词复数(作主语,谓语用复数形式);也可接不可数名词(作主语,谓语用单数形式)
a large quantity f+名词,large quantities f+名词(作主语,谓语与quantity一致)
I need a large amunt f mney t buy a new huse.
我买新房需要一大笔钱。
高手过招
单项填空
Because f mail we receive,we may nt be able t reply t yur letter.Please remember t include yur full name with yur letter. (2009·12·江西师大附中检测)
A. a great many f B. a large number f
C. a large amunt f D. a great plenty f
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解析:选C。mail邮件,不可数名词。故用a large amunt f。
4. curisity
n. 好奇心
Children have a natural curisity abut the wrld arund them.
小孩子对他们周围的世界有着天生的好奇心。
I pened the packet just t satisfy my curisity.
我打开包裹只是为了满足我的好奇心。
常用结构:
ut f curisity 出于好奇
with curisity = curiusly好奇地
联想拓展
curius adj. 好奇的
curiusly adv. 好奇地
be curius abut sth. 对某事好奇
be curius t d sth. 好奇地做某事
高手过招
完成句子(原创)
Page N.371
①Margaret lked at him (好奇地).
②She decided t try a cigarette (出于好奇).
③All the emplyees in this firm (好奇) the persnal life f the general manager.
④ (奇怪的是) enugh, he had never seen the little girl.
(好奇心) drve Mary t pen her husband’s letter thugh she knew it was wrng.
答案 : ①with curisity②ut f curisity
③are curius abut④Curiusly⑤Curisity
5. benefit
vt. 有利,有益
n. 好处;利益;优势
常用结构:
benefit frm/by... 从……受益,得益于……
benefit sb. 对某人有益
be f (much, great)benefit t sb. =be beneficial t sb.
对某人有益处
be f n benefit t sb. 对某人没有益处
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fr the benefit f ...为了……的利益
I have benefited a lt frm extensive reading.
广泛的阅读使我受益匪浅。
It is said Yga is f great benefit t human health.
据说瑜伽对人体健康有很大好处。
易混辨析
benefit/interest/prfit/advantage
benefit为普通用词,指通过正当手段从物质或精神方面得到的任何好处或利益。它的复数形式benefits意为“救济金”。
interest作“利益”讲时,多用复数形式,既可指集团、群体的利益,又可指个人的利益。interest作不可数名词时,意为“利息”。
prfit着重指收益,尤指从物质、钱财等方面获得的利润。
advantage指因某方面占优势或利用某机会以及对方弱点而获得的利益与好处。
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高手过招
单项填空
①We shuld spend the mney n smething that will
everyne. (2009·12·福建福州检测)
A. benefitB. benefit frm
C. beneficialD. benefit t
②Never frget we receive frm ur parents.
(2009·12·福建龙岩检测)
A. the benefit B. the benefits
C. beneficial D. t benefit
②Never frget we receive frm ur parents.
(2009·12·福建龙岩检测)
A. the benefit B. the benefits
C. Beneficial D. t benefit
解析: ①选A。此处需要用动词作谓语,benefit 可作及物动词,意为“对……有益”。
②选B。句意为:永远不要忘记我们从父母那儿得到的恩惠。benefit意为“具体的好处”时是可数名词,可用复数形式。
Page N.374
6. cmbine
vt.&vi. (使)联合;(使)结合
常用结构:
cmbine int ... 联合成……
cmbine ...把……与……结合起来
We cnsider it is necessary t cmbine thery with practice.
我们认为理论联系实际是必要的。
Hydrgen cmbines with xygen t frm water.
氢与氧化合生成水。
The pursuit f knwledge shuld be cmbined with wisdm.
知识的追求应与智慧相结合。
联想拓展
cmbinatin n.结合;联合;化合(物)
a cmbinatin f ...一种……的结合(物)
in cmbinatin with与……联合起来
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易混辨析
jin/cmbine/unite/cnnect
jin侧重把原来不相连接的事物紧密地连接在一起,但仍可再分开。也指把分散的人或几个部分的人联合起来,或加入到某团体中去。常见结构:jin up联合起来;jin ...连接。
cmbine指两个或两个以上的人或物结合在一起。常见结构:cmbine with与……结合。
unite指联合、结合在一起,构成一个整体。
cnnect 指两事物在某一点相连接,但彼此又保持独立。常见结构:cnnect 与……相连;be cnnected with与……有关系。
高手过招
单项填空
①The tw parties have t frm a new gvernment. (2009·12·福建厦门检测)
A. Mixed B. cmbined C. jined D. frmed
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② Chinese traditinal medicine with western medicine. (2009·12·江苏如东检测)
A. Link B. Cnnect
C. Cmbine D. Jin
解析: ①选B。句意为:那两个党派合并组成了一个新政府。cmbine 指原来性质或成分不同的东西合并成一体。
②选C。句意为:把中药与西药结合起来。cmbine ...把……与……结合起来。
7. limit
vt. 限制;限定
n. 界限;限度
联想拓展
limited adj. 有限的
limitless adj. 无限制的
The speed limit n this rad is 70 mph.
这条道路的车速限制是每小时70英里。
We must try and limit ur expenditure.
我们必须设法限制我们的开支。
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常用结构:
limit sb./sth. t ...限制某人/某事到(某种程度)
put a limit n ... 对……限制
there is a limit t ...对……是有限的
withut limit 无限地,无限制地
高手过招
用limit相关短语的适当形式填空
①One’s energy is .
② (没有止境) what yu can d if yu try.
③He must ur weekly expenditure ten punds.答案:①limited②Theres n limit t③limit; t
重点短语
8. get away with
被放过;(做坏事)不受惩罚
If yu cheat in the exam, yu’ll never get away with it.
考试作弊必予追究。
I wn’t have yu getting away with cheating in the exam.
我不能容忍你考试作弊而不受惩罚。
Page N.378
联想拓展
get acrss=put acrss (使)被理解;(把……)讲清楚
get rid f 摆脱;除掉
get away (frm) (从)……脱离,逃脱……
get dwn t (ding)sth. 开始认真地做某事
get in 插话;收获
get in tuch with 与……取得联系
get int the habit f... 染上……的习惯
get int truble 陷入困境
get ut (f ...) 出去,离开,逃脱,摆脱
get hld f 抓住
get n/alng well with...与……相处得好;
进展顺利(多用进行时)
get ver 爬过……;克服(困难);从……中恢复过来
get thrugh 完成;花光(时间、金钱等);通过;接通电话
He’s nt very gd at getting his ideas acrss.
他不太善于清楚地表达自己的思想。
We shuld get rid f the bad style and keep the gd.
我们应该摒弃不良作风,保持优良作风。
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高手过招
(1)单项填空
—Yure cughing badly, Martin. Why nt give up smking?
—Give up smking? Easier said than dne, Amy. Once
yu the habit f smking, it is very hard fr yu t
. (2009·12·江苏启东检测)
A. keep up; break it away
B. take up; drp it ut
C. pick up; get rid f it
D. build up; d away with it
(2)完成句子(原创)
①T my surprise, the baby wlf (与……相处得不错) the dgs and then managed t survive.
②She never arrives n time at the ffice, but she smehw managed t (侥幸逃脱) it.
③Well, stp chatting. It’s time we (开始,着手) sme serius wrk.
Page N.380
④The news was a terrible blw t her, but she will
(从……恢复过来) the shck sn.
解析: (1)选C。考查动词短语辨析。keep up保持,继续,维持;break away脱开;离开;逃脱;take up拿起;开始;从事;吸取;接纳;drp ut退出,退学;pick up捡起,拾起;get rid f摆脱;除掉;build up逐步建立;d away with废除,去掉。
(2)①gt n well with②get away with
③gt dwn t④get ver
9. take ff
从……中去掉;脱掉(衣服);起飞;突然大受欢迎,迅速流行
Her singing career tk ff after her TV appearance.
她在电视上亮相后歌唱事业迅速发展。
Dnt take ff yur sweater. Its cld here.
别脱掉毛衣,这儿冷。
联想拓展
take away 拿走,消除(感情,痛苦等)
take after(相貌、体格、性情等)像(父、母等)
take back 收回
Page N.381
take dwn 拿下;记下;拆除
take in 欺骗;吸收;理解
take it easy 不紧张,不急
take n 呈现,具有(特征、外观等);雇用
take ut 拿出,取出;去掉
take ver 接收,接管
take up 拿起;开始(从事);继续;占据(时/空间)
take apart 拆开(机器等)
take fr 认为,以为;误以为
Take away my gd name, take away my life.
(谚)美名失去,生命不存。
Dnt be taken in by his charm-he is ruthless.
不要被他迷人的风度所蒙蔽,其实他冷酷无情。
高手过招
用适当的介词或副词填空(原创)
①I want t take the bk which yu shwed me yesterday.
②It’s sad t see the ld museum being taken t make way fr a new shpping center.
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③She tk the narrative(叙事,故事)where Jhn had left ff.
④My daughter des nt take me in any way.
⑤When she fell ill her daughter tk the business frm her.
答案:①away②dwn③up④after⑤ver
10. in debt
欠债;欠人情
She was in debt when she was pr, but has been ut f debt since she gt rich.
以前穷的时候她欠了债,可自从富了以后就不欠债了。
联想拓展
ut f debt不欠债
in truble处在困境中
in charge 管理;负责
in detail 详细地
in fact 事实上
Page N.383
in lve 相爱
in need需要
in surprise惊奇地
in tuch 保持联系
in danger处在危险之中
in cmmn共有;共同
in general通常;一般地说
in line 站队
in mind 意欲;心想
in rder 有秩序地
in tears 在哭泣
in public公开地;当众
高手过招
单项填空
I’ll always be t yu fr yur help. (2009·12·江苏扬州检测)
in debt B. debt C. running int debt D. debts
解析:选A。句意为:由于你的帮助,我总是欠你的。
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11. befre lng
不久以后
The dictinary will be published befre lng.
不久以后这本词典将被出版。
联想拓展
lng befre 很久以前
lng ag 很久以前
高手过招
完成句子
①That happened (很久以前).
②I have seen that film (很久以前).
③His plan seemed t be t difficult, but (不久以后) it prved t be practicable.
答案:①lng ag②lng befre③befre lng
12. cut dwn
削减;删节;砍伐
Page N.385
cut ff 剪下来;切断;使突然中断
cut ut 切去;省略;停止(做某事)
cut up=cut int pieces 切碎;剪碎
cut thrugh 穿过;穿透
cut in 插入;插嘴;超车抢道
高手过招
用cut相关短语的适当形式填空
①Her little finger was in an accident at the factry.
②She the advertisement f the newspaper.
③He the park and reached there in time.
④I haven’t given up drinking but I’m .
⑤I’m srry t n yur cnversatin.
⑥Yu nearly caused a crash by (n me) like that.
答案:①cut ff②cut; ut③cut thrugh
④cutting dwn⑤cut in⑥cutting in
重点句型
13. “Nthing culd be better, ” he thught.
他想:“再没有比这些更好吃的了。”
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句中形容词(或副词)的比较级better与否定词nthing 连用,表达最高级的含义。常用的否定词有n, nt, never, nthing, nbdy, hardly等,表示最高级的含义。
—Did yu sleep well last night? 你昨夜睡得好吗?
—Never better, like a rck. 从没这么好过,睡得很沉。
I think nthing is mre pleasant than travelling.
我想没有比旅行更令人愉快的事了。
I can’t think f a better idea.我想不出一个更好的方法。
高手过招
单项填空
Yur stry is perfect. I’ve never heard befre.
(2009·12·江苏南京检测)
A. the better ne B. the best ne
C. a better ne D. a gd ne
解析:选C。比较级与nthing, nbdy, never等否定词连用时,实际上表示最高级的意义,意为“再……也不过了;没有比……更……的了”。句中的比较对象是一个尚未出现的新人或新事物,故用不定冠词a/an修饰。
Page N.387
14. Smething terrible must have happened if Li Chang was nt cming t eat in his restaurant as he always did.
要是李昌不像往常那样到他店里吃饭,那问题一定严重了。
情态动词+have dne
①情态动词must +have dne只用于肯定句中,表示对过去发生的事情或状态进行肯定的推测,意为“过去一定做过某事”。
②情态动词can/culd可用于否定句中,即can’t have dne /culdn’t have dne,表示对过去发生的事情或状态的肯定的推测,意为“过去不可能做过,肯定没做过某事”。
③此外,can/culd have dne还可用于疑问句中表示对过去发生的事情或状态的不太有把握的推测,意为“过去可能做过……吗?”
注意:表推测的情态动词只有can/culd,常用于疑问句中。
④情态动词may/might +have dne表示对已发生的动作或存在的状态进行不肯定的推测,might语气稍弱一点儿,只能用于肯定句和否定句中,意为“过去可能做过某事或过去可能没做过某事”。
Page N.388
It must have rained last night, fr the rad is wet.
昨天晚上一定是下雨了,因为路还湿着。
Yu must have seen the film the Gld Rush.
你肯定看过电影《淘金热》。
My sister met him at the theatre last night, s he culdn’t have attended yur lecture.
我姐姐昨天晚上在电影院遇见了他,所以他肯定没参加你的演讲。
I can’t find Tm anywhere in the ffice building. Where can he have gne?
我在办公楼的任何地方都找不到汤姆。他有可能去哪里了呢?
Yu might have read abut it in the papers.
你可能在报上已经看过这个消息了。
高手过招
用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空(原创)
①—Where Margaret (can; put) the empty bttles?
—She (can; thrw) them away. They must be smewhere.
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②—Hurry up, Michael! It’s ten t three.
—Gdness me! The class (must; begin).
I’ll be late again.
答案:①can; have put; cant have thrwn
②must have begun
15. He culd nt have Yng Hui getting away with telling peple lies! 他可不能让永慧哄骗人们后跑掉。
have sb./sth. ding sth.让某人/某事一直做某事,表示一个持续的动作。用于否定句中表示不允许某人做某事。
He had me waiting fr him fr tw hurs. I can’t bear it any mre!
他让我等了两个小时,我再也无法忍受了!
It’s rude f yu t speak t father like that and I wn’t have yu speaking t father like that in future.
你那样跟父亲说话很粗鲁,今后我不会再容忍你那样跟父亲说话了。
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Wn’t have sb./sth. ding sth.不能容忍某人做某事/容忍某物
have sb./sth. d sth. 使某人或某物做某事(注意不要在d之前加上t)
have sb./sth. dne sth. 请别人做某事(自己不去做或无法做); (主语)遭受了不好的事情
I’d have yu knw that I am ill.我要让你知道我病了。
Jack must have his mtrbike repaired.
杰克必须把他的摩托车修理一下。
高手过招
用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空(原创)
①T my despair, the dctr me (have; wait) in the rm fr the whle afternn.
②I my watch (have; repair) because it didn’t wrk.
③I can’ t him (have; make) nise all the time.
④Yesterday Mum Tim (have; tidy) his rm since it was in a mess.
⑤The wman her handbag (have; rb) yesterday.
答案:①had; waiting②had; repaired
③have;making④had; tidy⑤had; rbbed
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16. I thught yu were a new custmer and nw I knw that yu nly came t spy n me and my menu, ...
我本来以为你是一位新顾客,现在我才发现你只是过来打探我和我的菜谱的……
I thught/I didn’t knw/I didn’t think表明说话人以前的想法,宾语从句随之用过去时或过去将来时。
I never thught yu wuld cme t see me and bring me such a wnderful gift.
我根本没想到你会来看我并给我带来如此好的礼物。
高手过招
单项填空
Oh, it’s yu. I yu in this city. Hw lng have yu been here? (2009·12·河北邯郸检测)
A. dn’t knw; were B. hadn’t knwn; are
C. haven’t knwn; are D. didn’t knw; were
解析:选D。句意为:我不知道你在这座城市。你在这座城市待了多久?I thught/I didn’t knw/I didn’t think表明说话人以前的想法,宾语从句随之用过去时或过去将来时。
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Unit 3 The Millin Pund Bank Nte
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核心单词
1. scene
n. 现场;情景;景色;发生地点;(戏剧)一场
Our reprter was the first persn n the scene.
我们的记者是最先到达出事地点的。
I saw the scene with my wn eyes.我亲眼目睹了那一幕。
The rcking bats alng the river bank make a beautiful scene.
河边晃晃悠悠的船只构成了一道美丽的风景。
易混辨析
scene/scenery/sight/view
scene指某一处的自然风光;情形,情景。
scenery(总称)自然景物,天然风光,是由多个scenes构成的自然风景。
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sight景象,风景,名胜,侧重指值得看的事物或很难看的东西;很可笑的事物。
view景色,风景,侧重指从人所处的角度用肉眼所看到的景色。
高手过招
(1)单项填空
Seeing the happy f the children playing in the park, I’m full f jy and cnfidence in the future f ur cuntry.
(2009·12·山东莱州检测)
A. Sight B. view C. lk D. scene
(2)选词填空(scene/sight/view/scenery)(原创)
①Guilin is famus fr its beautiful .
②The is a perfect dream when yu see the sun rising slwly in the east.
③Yu can get a wnderful at the tp f the twer.
④The flwers are a lvely in spring.
⑤He began t lse his six years ag.
解析: (1)选D。句意为:看到孩子们在公园里玩耍的幸福一幕,我对我们国家的未来充满了自信和喜悦。scene 表示包括人及其活
Page N.395
动的“景色”。
(2)①scenery②scene③view④sight⑤sight
2. permit
vt.&vi.许可;允许;准许
n. 通行证;许可证;执照
His health desn’t permit his travelling with us.
他的健康状况不允许他同我们一起旅行。
Weather permitting, we will g fishing.
天气允许的话,我们会去钓鱼。
The facts permit f n ther explanatin.
这些事实不容许有其他解释。
The nurse allwed him t remain there thugh it wasn’t permitted.虽然规定不允许,但护士让他留在那里。
常用结构:
permit sb./sth. 允许某人/某事
permit sb. t d sth.= allw sb. t d sth. 允许某人做某事
permit ding sth.=allw ding sth. 允许做某事
permit f ...容许……
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We dn’t permit pets in the classrm.
我们不允许教室里有宠物。
The teacher desn’t permit us t tuch anything in the lab.
老师不允许我们碰实验室里的任何东西。
We dn’t permit smking in the ffice.
办公室里不准吸烟。
易混辨析
let/permit/allw
let表示“允许,让”,常用于口语中,一般不用于被动语态。后面常接不带t的不定式作宾补。
permit和allw意思相近,都表示“允许,准许”。permit稍正式一些,多指上级对下级或长辈对晚辈的准许,语气较强;allw多指听任或不管教某人做某事。
高手过招
(1)单项填空
—Wuld yu permit me here?
—Srry. We dn’t permit in the library.
(2009·12·山东青岛检测)
Page N.397
A. smking; smking B. t smke; t smke
C. smking; t smke D. t smke; smking
(2)用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空 (原创)
①Students are nt (allw/permit)t enter the Net Bar.
②My mther wuldn’t let me (g) t the film.
③We dn’ t allw (smke) in ur ffice.
④Weather (permit), we’ll g uting this weekend.
解析: (1)选D。第一个空考查permit sb. t d的用法;第二个空考查permit ding的用法。
(2)①allwed/permitted②g③smking④permitting
3. spt
vt. 发现;认出
n. 污点;斑点;地点
She was wearing a white skirt with red spts.
她穿着一件白底红点儿的裙子。
This is the very spt where he was murdered.
他就是在这儿遭到谋杀的。
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常用结构:
spt sb. ding sth. 看到某人正在做某事
n the spt = n the scene到(在)现场;当场
n the spt 当场;立即
sptless adj.没有斑点的;极其干净的
sptted adj. 有斑点的
be sptted with 被……点缀
She sptted her friend in the crwd.
她在人群中认出了她的朋友。
高手过招
(1)单项填空
He was hit by a falling stne and gt killed .
(2009·12·安徽巢湖检测)
A. n a spt B. in a spt
C. n the spt D. under the spt
(2)完成句子(原创)
①The plice (发现) him driving a stlen car.
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②The plice were (到现场) within a few minutes f my telephne call.
③He keeps his huse (极其干净的).
解析: (1)选C。句意为:他被飞石击中,当场死亡。n the spt当场。
(2)①sptted②n the spt③sptless
4. accunt
vt. 认为,把……视为
vi. 解释;说明;对……负责
n. [U]根据,理由;[C]解释,说明;[C]描述,报道;[C]帐目
In English law a persn is accunted inncent until they are prved guilty.
按照英国法律,一个人未经证实有罪之前视为无罪。
He was accunted a first-rate actr.
他被认为是一名一流的演员。
He gt angry n this accunt.
由于这个缘故他生气了。
Jhn gave us a detailed accunt f his plan.
关于他的计划约翰给我们做了详尽的说明。
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The pliceman gave an accunt f the traffic accident.
警察叙述了交通事故的经过。
常用结构:
accunt fr 对……做出解释;(在数学、比例上)占;导致
by all accunts 大家都说
n accunt f 由于;因为
n n accunt 绝不可以
take accunt f=take accunt考虑到……
He culd nt accunt fr his absence frm schl.
他无法说清楚为什么旷课。
注意:n n accunt为否定意义的短语,当它位于句首时,句子使用部分倒装。
高手过招
(1)单项填空
① shuld any mney be given t a small child.
(2009·12·安徽淮北检测)
A. On n accunt B. Frm all accunts
C. Of n accunt D. By all accunts
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②We must every penny we spend during a business trip.
A. accunt fr B. take n
C. make up D. turn ut
(2)完成句子(原创)
①This is (一则激动人心的报道) f the match.
②The (帐目) shw we have spent mre than we received.
③Please (解释) the failure in the sprts meeting.
解析: (1)①选A。n n accunt绝不可以;frm all accunts和by all accunts均意为“根据各种说法”;f n accunt不重要,通常作表语或定语。
②选A。accunt fr sth.意为“(对自己所掌管的钱等)作令人满意的交代”。
(2)①an exciting accunt ②accunts③accunt fr
5. seek
vt.&vi. (sught, sught) 寻找;探索;寻求
Yu must seek permissin frm the manager.
你必须请求经理批准。
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The explanatin is nt far t seek.
这种解释不难理解。
常用结构:
seek (fr/after) sth./sb. 寻找某人/某物
seek t d sth. 试图做某事
seek happiness/cmfrt/wealth/success
追求幸福/安慰/财富/成功
seek sth. frm sb. 向某人寻求某物
seek ne’s frtune闯世界;寻找发迹的机会
They are seeking t mislead us. 他们竭力误导我们。
高手过招
用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空(原创)
①I think it’s time we (seek) legal advice.
②They are seeking (change) the rules.
答案①sught②t change
重点短语
6. bring up
培养;抚养;养育或教育某人;提出;呕吐某物
Page N.403
She brught up five children.
她养育了五个孩子。
Her parents died when she was a baby and she was brught up by her aunt.
她出生后不久就父母双亡, 是由姑母抚养大的。
常用结构:
bring sb. up t be/as 培养某人成为……
bring sb. up t d sth. 培养某人做……
联想拓展
bring frward提出(问题、建议、计划等)
bring dwn降低;压倒
bring abut使发生
bring t light 发现
bring in 引入
bring ut 推出,使显出
bring n引起,带来
Page N.404
高手过招
完成句子(原创)
①He was (从小就受到要尊敬老师的教育) the teachers.
②He (提出) a gd suggestin at the meeting.
③She was s sick that she (吐出) all that she had had.
答案:①brught up t respect②brught up/put frward
③brught up
7. g ahead
执行;进行,前进;(用于祈使句)可以;往下说;用吧;开始吧
Despite the bad weather, the jurney will g ahead.
尽管天气不好,旅行将照常进行。
The building f the new bridge will g ahead as planned.
新桥的修建将按计划进行。
联想拓展
ahead f 在之前;领先于;胜过
ahead f time/in advance 提前
g against违背;反对;不利于
g arund/rund/abut (疾病)传播
Page N.405
g after 追求
g by 过去
g in fr爱好
g ut(火、灯等)熄灭;外出
g ver 复习;检查
g thrugh 遭受;经历;通过
g up 上升;增长
g withut 没有……也行;将就
g wrng 出毛病
高手过招
完成句子(原创)
①After a pause, he (往下说) with his speech.
②The new bridge was cmpleted (提前).
③ (径直向前走) fr 200 meters and then turn left.
④—Culd I use yur bike?
— (用吧).
答案:①went ahead②ahead f time
③G straight ahead④G ahead
Page N.406
8. by accident = by chance
偶然;无意中;不小心
Last time I ran acrss her in the street by accident.
上次我偶然在街上碰见她了。
I nly fund it by accident.
我只是碰巧找到的。
联想拓展
y cntrast 对比之下
by mistake 错误地
by hand 用手;用体力
by machine 用机器
高手过招
用“by+n.”构成的短语填空(原创)
①I was in such a hurry that I tk smene else’s umbrella .
②These tys are made instead f , s they are very expensive.
③She had fund the file .
Page N.407
答案:①by accident/chance/mistake
②by hand; by machine③by accident
9. t be hnest=hnestly speaking
说实话
T be hnest, I am nt satisfied with what yu did.
说实话,我对你做的事不满意。
T be hnest, I knw nthing abut him except that he is frm America.
老实说,我只知道他是一位美国人。
联想拓展
t be frank=frankly speaking坦率地说
t be exact=exactly speaking 确切地说
t tell yu the truth 实话告诉你
t make things wrse 更糟的是
T tell yu the truth,I dnt think yu are right.
实话告诉你,我认为你不对。
T be exact,every minute mre than 130 millin gallns f water plunge t the bttm f the grge ver 320 feet dwn.
Page N.408
准确地说,每分钟就有超过1.3亿加仑的水流倾泻到320多英尺之下的峡谷深处。 这种不定式短语是坦白陈述时所用的套语,表明说话人的观点或态度,在句子中作插入语,没有任何形式上的变化,即:不受句子其他成分(特别是主语)的影响。
高手过招
单项填空
I wuldn’t buy that huse; , it’s t clse t the main rad. (2009·12·福建泉州检测)
A. being hnest B. hnest
C. t be hnest D. having been hnest
解析:选C。考查动词不定式作插入语的用法。t be hnest作插入语时,没有其他形式的变化,只能用动词不定式形式。
10. n the cntrary
与此相反;正相反(只作状语)
It desn’t seem ugly t me; n the cntrary, I think it’s rather beautiful.
我觉得它并不丑, 恰恰相反,我认为它相当漂亮。
Page N.409
It wasn’t a gd thing; n the cntrary, it was a huge mistake.这并不是一件好事,相反,这是个巨大的错误。
联想拓展
(be) cntrary t 违反(某事物);与……相反
Cntrary t ppular belief, many cats dislike milk.
与普遍看法相反,许多猫并不喜欢牛奶。
高手过招
用cntrary相关短语的适当形式填空(原创)
①The car isn’t expensive. , it’s quite cheap.
②The results were expectatin.
答案:①On the cntrary②cntrary t
11. as fr
至于,关于
As fr yu, yu ught t be ashamed f yurself.
至于你, 你应该感到惭愧。
联想拓展
as t 至于,关于;提到;就……而论(至于,说到)
Page N.410
高手过招
完成句子(原创)
①He was uncertain (至于) which rad t take.
②Wuld yu be s kind (至于) help me t mve the stne?
my past, I’m nt telling yu anything.
答案:①as t②as t③As fr
12. take a chance=take chances
冒险,碰运气
He tk a chance when he made the investment.
当时他投资时是冒了很大风险的。
联想拓展
have a gd chance/n chance/nt much chance f (ding) sth./t d sth./that ...大有希望/没有可能/没什么希望做某事
by chance=by accident 偶然地;意外地
give sb. a chance 给某人一个机会
the chances are (that) ...
=it is likely that ...很可能……
Page N.411
高手过招
翻译句子
①很可能她要来。
②我遇到她完全是偶然的。
答案:①The chances are that/Its likely that shell be cming.
②I met her by chance.
重点句型
13. Well, twards nightfall I fund myself carried ut t sea by a strng wind.
快到黄昏的时候,我发现自己被一阵大风刮到了海上。
find+sb./sth.+宾语补足语=find(+that)+sb./sth.+谓语动词
联想拓展
find+it+adj./n./adv./prep. 觉得做某事是……
find +sb./ sth. ding 发现……在做……(主动)
find sb./ sth. dne 发现……被做……(被动或表示状态)
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find neself in/at... 发觉自己在某处/处于……
find sb./sth.+adj.+t d 觉得……(t d用主动形式表被动意义)
I fund that the by was hiding behind the dr.
=I fund the by hiding behind the dr.
我发现那个男孩子藏在门后。
When day brke, we fund urselves in a small village at the ft f the muntain.
破晓时,我们发现自己在山脚下的一个小村子里。
She gt hme, nly t find the dr lcked/clsed.
她回到家,却发现门锁上了。
Marx fund idims hard t learn.
=Marx fund it hard t learn idims.
马克思觉得习惯用语很难学。
高手过招
完成句子 (原创)
①The film star (发觉自己被围住) a grup f fans immediately he gt ff the car.
Page N.413
②He fund a wallet (躺) n the grund.
③A ck will be immediately fired if he is fund (在吸烟) in the kitchen.
④I fund it impssible (劝服;说服) him t give up smking.
⑤I (觉得难以想象) the life in the future.
⑥I (发现灯亮着) all thrugh the night.
答案:①fund himself surrunded by②lying
③smking④t persuade
⑤find it hard t imagine⑥fund the lights n
14. The next mrning I’d just abut given myself up fr lst when I was sptted by a ship.
第二天早上,我正感到绝望的时候,一艘船发现了我。
句中的when表示“这时,就在这个(那个)时候(=and then;and just then;and at that time)”,当when作此意讲时,通常和正在发生的或即将发生的动作连用,构成:be ding abut t d ...的句型。其中when引导的从句要用一般过去时。
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I was wandering thrugh the streets when I caught sight f a tailr’s shp.
我正在街上闲逛,(这时)忽然看见了一家服装店。
We were having a meeting when smene brke in.
我们在开会的时候,有人突然闯入。
We were abut t set ff n ur way when it suddenly began t rain. 我们快要动身离开的时候,天突然下起了雨。
高手过招
单项填空
Jasmine was hlidaying with her family in a wildlife park
she was bitten n the leg by a lin.
(2009·12·河南开封检测)
When B. while C. since D. befre
解析:选A。when在本句中为连词,相当于and just then, and
just at that time, 意为“就在那时”。引导一个忽然出现的动作。
句意为:Jasmine 正在和她的家人在野生动物园度假时,她被
狮子咬伤了腿。
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Unit 4
Astrnmy:the science f the stars
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1. spread
vt.&vi. 展开,铺开;散布;扩大;延伸
The bird spread its wings. 那只鸟展开了翅膀。
Flies spread disease. 苍蝇传播疾病。
常用结构:
spread sth. with sth. 用……抹/涂/铺……
spread ...把……抹/涂/铺在……
be spread fr摆好(桌子)准备
spread neself\[口\]舒展四肢(躺下)
spread ut张开,伸开,铺开,展开,伸长
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高手过招
单项填空
Paper making began in China and t Eurpe.
(2009·12·河南郑州检测)
A. Spread B. grew
C. Carried D. develped
解析:选A。句意为:造纸术起源于中国,又传播到了欧洲。spread传播。
2. methd
n. 方法
He has intrduced a new methd f teaching.
他引进了一种新的教学方法。
What is the mst effective methd f birth cntrl?
控制出生率的最有效的方法是什么?
联想拓展
by this means=in this way=with this methd
用这种方法
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易混辨析
methd/means
methd侧重“理论方法”,指做某事的具体步骤或程序。
a new teaching methd一种新的教学方法
means(单复数同形)侧重“通过手段”或“利用工具”去达到某种目的。
高手过招
选词填空(methd/means)(原创)
①The quickest f travel is by plane.
②She has a very scientific f dealing with plitical prblems.
答案:①means②methd
3. harmful
adj. 有害的
常用结构:
d sb. harm/d harm t sb. 对某人有害
mean n harm 无意伤害别人;没有恶意
harm ne’s image/reputatin 损害某人的形象/名声
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d mre harm than gd 弊大于利
There is n harm in (sb.s) ding sth.
=It des n harm (fr sb.) t d sth. (某人) 做某事无害处
be harmful t 对……有害
harm n.&v. 损害,伤害
Smking is harmful t yur health. 吸烟有害健康。
高手过招
单项填空
He is a nice dg. He wn’t d yu any .(原创)
ill B. bite C. hurt D. harm
解析:选D。考查固定搭配。d sb. harm/d harm t sb. 表示
“对某人有害”。句意为:这是一条温顺的狗,它不会伤害你。
故选D。
4. mass
n. 质量;团;块;大量;(前加the) 群众
A liter f gas has less mass than a liter f water.
1公升气体的质量少于1公升水的质量。
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She has a mass f things t d.
她有一大堆的事情要做。
The masses have bundless creative pwer.
人民群众有无限的创造力。
常用结构:
be a mass f 遍体是……; 充满了……
in mass 全部, 全体; 整个地
in the mass 总体上;总的说来
the (great) mass f 大多数, 大部分
masses f sth.大量的东西
高手过招
单项填空
The yung dancers lked s charming in their beautiful clthes that we tk pictures f them.
(2009·12·安徽合肥检测)
A. many f B. masses f
C. the number f D. a large amunt f
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解析:选B。句意为:年轻的舞蹈家们穿着美丽的衣服看起来很迷人,因此我们给他们拍了许多照片。masses f=lts f,后跟复数名词。
5. pull
v. 拉,拖,拔;移动
n.拉,拖;牵(引)力
Yu push and Ill pull.
你来推,我来拉。
I felt a pull at my sleeve and turned rund.
我觉得有人扯我的袖子,便转过身来。
常用结构:
pull ahead (f sb./sth.) 领先于(某人/物)
pull (sb.) back(使某人)退却;撤回(某人)
pull ff (sth.)(指机动车辆)驶离(道路至路侧停车处停下)pull ut (sth.) 拉掉;使分离;掏出;驶离(车站)
pull n 穿,戴上(袜子、手套等)
pull tgether 同心协力;通力合作
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高手过招
用pull相关短语的适当形式填空(原创)
①I arrived as the last train was .
②He a gun and aimed at the criminal.
③S lng as we , there’s n muntain tp we can’t cnquer.
答案:①pulling ut②pulled ut③pull tgether
6. cheer
vt. & vi. (使)高兴、振奋;(对)欢呼
The crwd cheered ludly as the Queen appeared.
女王出现时群众高声欢呼。
He was greatly cheered by the news.
他听到这个消息非常高兴。
常用结构:
cheer sb. n为某人加油
cheer (sb.) up(使某人)更高兴;(使)振奋起来
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联想拓展
cheerful adj.高兴的
cheerless adj.不高兴的;阴冷的高手过招
用cheer相关短语的适当形式填空(原创)
①Yur visit has greatly him up.
②The crwd the runners as they started the last lap.
③Yu lk as thugh yu need up.
答案:①cheered②cheered; n③cheering
7. puzzle
vt.&vi.(使)迷惑;(使)苦思
n.迷;难题
puzzled adj. 无法了解的;困惑的
puzzling adj. 令人费解的
Her reply puzzled me.
她的回答把我弄糊涂了。
Their reasn fr ding it is still a puzzle t me.
他们为什么要那样做此事我仍感到莫名其妙。
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常用结构:
sb. be puzzled by sth.某人对……感到迷惑
puzzle abut/ver sth.对某事感到迷惑
puzzle ne’s brain冥思苦想;绞尽脑汁
slve a puzzle解决一个难题
高手过招
用puzzle的适当形式填空
①T explain the findings, he ffers tw theries.
②I that I haven’t heard frm Liz fr s lng.
③She listened with a expressin n her face.
④N ne has yet succeeded in explaining the f hw life began.
答案:①puzzling②am puzzled③puzzled④puzzle
8. exist
vi. 存在,生存
existence n. 存在
Des life exist n Mars?
火星上有生命吗?
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I can hardly exist n the wage I’m getting.
我靠自己挣的工资简直难以糊口。
常用结构:
exist+prep. 存在于某地方
exist n sth. 靠某物生存
高手过招
用exist相关短语的适当形式填空
①This plant nly Australia.
②Can yu such a lw salary?
③I dubt the f alien.
答案:①exists; in②exist n③existence
重点短语
9. in time意为“及时”时相当于early enugh, sn enugh;意为“终于,早晚”时相当于sner r later。
We gt t the statin just in time t catch the bus.
=We gt t the statin just in time fr the bus.
我们到达车站时,刚好赶上了那班汽车。
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The dctr came in time t save her life.
医生及时赶来救了她的命。
Yull succeed in time if yu keep n wrking hard.
假若坚持努力下去,你迟早会成功的。
联想拓展
be in time fr sth./be in time t d sth.
对于某事是及时的/及时做某事
ahead f time提前;提早
all the time一直;始终
at ne time曾经;一度
at a time一次
at times 有时
at the same time同时;然而;可是
frm time t time不时;偶尔
in n time立刻;马上
take nes time不急,慢慢来
time and time again一次又一次;一再
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高手过招
单项填空
—I was disappinted in time when I didn’t pass the examinatins.
—Dn’t be s discuraged. Yu’ll be successful in
time. (2009·12·河南平顶山检测)
A./; / B. a; a C./; a D. a; /
解析:选D。句意为:——我没通过考试那段时间我很失望。——别灰心。你迟早会成功的。第一个空考查的是when 引导的定语从句,表示在某段时间里,故应用in a time。而第二个空表示“迟早”,故用in time。
10. prevent
阻止;制止
The heavy rain prevented us frm ging there.
这场大雨使我们没能到那里去。
易混辨析
prevent/stp/keep/prtect
prevent, stp, keep与prtect四者的常见结构为:
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prevent ...(frm) ding sth.;stp ...(frm) ding sth.;keep ding sth.; 均表示“阻止……做某事”。
上述三个结构中,在主动语态中stp 与prevent后可省去frm,但在被动语态中不可省略; 而keep ...中的frm在任何情况下都不能省略。另外,
prtect ...表示“保护……不受……侵袭;阻挡;防御”。frm后接能带来伤害或损害的事物。
This plan will be kept frm being carried ut.
这个计划将被阻止实施。
高手过招
单项填空
Sme plicemen shuld be sent t them the trees.
(原创)
A. prevent; t cut dwn B. stp; cutting dwn
C. keep; t cut dwn D. keep; cutting dwn
解析:选B。句意为:应该派一些警察去阻止他们砍伐树木。keep/prevent/stp ... frm ding sth.阻止……做某事,其中keep ding sth. 中的frm不可省略。故选B。
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11. break ut
突发;爆发(无被动语态)
Truble may break ut at any mment.
灾难在任何时候都可能突然发生。
When did the war break ut? 战争什么时候爆发的?
It was at midnight that a fire brke ut.
在午夜时分发生了一起大火。
联想拓展
break away frm 脱离(政党等);打破(陈规等)
break dwn 出故障;(计划等)失败;(身体、精神等)垮掉
break in 破门而入,闯入;打断(话语)等
break int 破门而入;突然……起来
break ff 折断;突然中止;断绝;结束
break thrugh 突破
break up 敲碎;放假;散会
易混辨析
cme abut/happen/take place/break ut/ccur
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cme abut 发生,相当于happen, take place。后面不可以接宾语,也不可以使用被动语态。
happen 强调偶然发生。
take place 指按计划、安排发生;举行
break ut 多用于指战争、火灾、疾病、疫情的突然爆发。
ccur 常用于句式: sth. ccurs t sb. 某事发生在某人身上。高手过招
用break相关短语的适当形式填空 (原创)
①A terrible tsunami in the sutheastern cuntries f Asia at Christmas, 2004.
②When d yu fr Christmas?
③Negtiatins between the tw sides have .
④His huse was last week.
答案:①brke ut②break up③brken dwn④brken int
12. blck ut
挡住(光线)
That wall blcks ut all the light.那堵墙把光线都遮住了。
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联想拓展
burst ut 大声喊叫;突然……起来
g ut 外出;过时;熄(灯)
put ut 关(灯);扑灭;生产
cme ut 出现,显露;出版;结果是
help ut 帮助解决难题(或摆脱困境)
lk ut留神;注意
watch ut 注意;提防;向外看
find ut 找出,查明,发现
pick ut挑出;辨认出,分辨出
speak ut 大声地说;大胆地说
think ut仔细思考(某事);想出(主意等)
hang ut 挂出;闲逛
knck ut (拳)击中,击倒,打昏
sell ut 售完(某种货物),脱销
turn ut 结果证明是
run ut (f) 用完,耗尽
check ut 结账离去,办妥手续离去
give ut 分发(试卷等);发出(光、热等);用尽;耗完;筋疲力尽
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高手过招
用ut相关短语的适当形式填空(原创)
①At the end f the race his legs and he cllapsed n the grund.
②It’ s easy t him in a crwd because he is very tall.
③His new bk will next mnth.
④We thught it was ging t rain; it t be a fine day.
⑤We f/frm ur htel at 5 a.m. t catch a 7 a.m. flight.
答案:①gave ut②pick; ut③cme ut
④turned ut⑤checked ut
13. What it was t becme was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billin years ag when the dust settled int a slid glbe.
随后它会变成什么没人能知道,直到38~45 亿年前,这团尘埃才慢慢地形成一个固体的球状物。
What it was t becme ...是what 引导的主语从句,what 在从句中作becme 的宾语。
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What surprised everybdy was that he didn’t cme t the meeting.
使大家惊奇的是他竟没有参加会议。
What he did added t ur difficulty.
他所做的增加了我们的困难。
“be+动词不定式”在本句中表示按照计划、安排将要发生的动作。
When are they t hand in their plan?
他们的计划什么时候交上来?
Yu are t d yur hmewrk befre yu watch TV.
你得做完了作业才能看电视。
联想拓展
“be+t”还可以表示以下含义:
表示可能性,相当于can,主要用于疑问句和否定句。表示命令,意为“必须,不得不”,意思等同于must, have t,表示假设。表示“命运注定……”,通常用于过去时。
Hw am I t knw what has becme f him?
我怎么知道他的遭遇如何呢?
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Certain skills must be learned if ne is t use English well.
如果想要用好英语,某些技巧是必须学的。
He was never t see his wife again.
他注定再也见不到他妻子了。
Were we t ffer yu mre mney, wuld yu stay?
如果我们给你加钱,你愿意留下吗?
高手过招
单项填空
In dry weather the flwers will have t be watered if they . (原创)
A. have survived B. are t survive
C. wuld survive D. will survive
解析:选B。考查真实条件句。are t survive在此处并不表示将来,而表示“期望”。
14. But when I tried t step frward, I fund I was carried twice as far as n the earth and fell ver.
而当我试着向前迈步的时候,我发觉我被送出去很远,步子的跨度竟是地球上的两倍,因而我摔倒了。
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twice as ... 是……的两倍
联想拓展
英语中的倍数表达法:
倍数+as +adj./adv.+as 是……的几倍
倍数+adj./adv.的比较级+ than 比……(多/大)几倍
倍数+ the +表示长度/高度/宽度等的名词+ f是……长度/高度/宽度的几倍,此结构中常用的名词有:size, height, weight, length, width, depth等。
This ruler is three times as lng as that ne.
=This ruler is twice lnger than that ne.
=This ruler is three times the length f that ne.
这把尺子是那把的三倍长。
There are fur times as many students as we expected.
到的学生是我们预计的五倍。
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高手过招
(1)翻译句子 (原创)
这个房子是那个的三倍大。
(2)完成句子
到的客人是我们预计的两倍。
There are we expected .
答案:(1)This huse is three times as big as that ne./This huse is twice bigger than that ne./This huse is three times the size f that ne.
(2)twice as many guests as
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Unit 5
Canada-“The True Nrth ”
Page N.438
1. surrund
vt.&vi. 包围,围绕
常用结构:
surrund ... 使……包围
be surrunded by/with 被……包围
The city is surrunded n all sides by hills.
这个城市被群山环绕。
联想拓展
surrunding adj. 附近的;周围的
surrundings n. 环境;周围的事物
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易混辨析
surrundings/cnditin/envirnment
surrundings意为“环境”时,要用复数形式,主要指周围的物质环境。
cnditin的复数形式cnditins可表示“环境,情况”,但主要表示抽象意义上的。
envirnment意为“环境”时,既可表示抽象概念也可表示具体意义,包括周围环境、外界、自然环境、社会环境等。
She wrks in pleasant surrundings.
她在愉快的环境中工作。
It’s difficult t imagine yure living in such pr cnditins.很难想像你在这样差的条件下生活。
An unhappy hme envirnment can affect a child’s behaviur.不幸的家庭环境可能对孩子的行为造成影响。
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高手过招
单项填空
by the plice, the thief had n chice but t surrender(投降). (2009·12·辽宁大连检测)
A. Surrunded B. Having surrunded
C. T be surrunded D. Surrunding
解析:选A。be surrunded by被……包围。句子主语the thief 与surrund呈被动关系。故选A。
2. brder
n. 边界;国界;边沿
vt.&vi. 与……接壤;接近
I met him in a brder twn.我在一座边境小镇认识了他。
She crssed the brder in disguise.她伪装过了边境。
易混辨析
brder/bundary/bunds/frntier
这四个词都含有“边界”的意思。
brder指“边界”时,常指“边境”,即沿着两国边界的地区。
bundary指“边界线”,主要指领土的边界。
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bunds指“具体的界线”,常用复数形式,主要用于诗文中。
frntier指“就一国而言的边界”。
高手过招
单项填空
Her handkerchief has a blue , which makes it special in the rm. (原创)
A. Brder B. line C. map D.sign
解析:选A。句意为:她的手帕有一个蓝色的花边,这使它在房间里很特别。brder此处意为“边饰”。
3. measure
vi.&vt. 测量;衡量;判定
n.[C,U] 尺寸;量具;计量单位;措施;(一定的)量,程度
常用结构:
measure A by B 用B衡量A
sth. measures 2 metres by 4 metres 某物长4米宽2米
measure sb. fr a suit = make a suit t sb’s measure
给某人量身做一套衣服
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take measures 采取措施
beynd measure 无法估计;极度
full/shrt measure 足量/不足量
in full measure 最大程度地,最大限度地
in sme/equal measure 在某种/同等程度上
Can yu measure accurately with this ruler?
用这把尺子能量得准吗?
It’s hard t measure his ability when we haven’t seen his wrk.
没有见过他的作品, 很难估计他的能力。
Our thanks are due in equal measure t every member f the team.我们同样感谢每一位队员。
We must take preventive measures t reduce crime in the area.
我们必须采取预防措施来减少这个地区的犯罪。
高手过招
(1)完成句子 (原创)
①The tailr made a suit (为我量身订做).
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②Success isn’ t (以……衡量) hw much mney yu
have.
(2)翻译句子
①我们教室的尺寸是长10米宽6米。
②一棵高达30米的树被砍倒了。
答案:(1)①t my measure②measured by
(2)①Our classrm measures 10 metres by 6 metres.
②A tree measuring 30 metres was cut dwn.
4. distance
n. 距离;远方
v. 不介入,与……疏远
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常用结构:
at a distance 隔一段距离;距离稍远
in the distance 在远方
ut f distance frm 离……太远;达不到
keep sb. at a distance 对……冷淡;与……疏远
keep distance frm 与……保持距离
distance neself frm 使远离;使疏远
My huse is fur miles distance frm the sea.
我家离海4英里。
What’s the distance t Beijing? 到北京的距离是多少?
The beach is within walking distance f my huse.
海滩离我家很近,走几步路就到了。
We saw lights in the distance.我们看到了远处的灯火。
She was warned t keep her distance frm Jhn if she didnt want t get hurt.
有人警告她说,如果不想受到伤害就离约翰远一点。
After he retired, he tried t distance himself frm plitics.
退休后,他便尽量使自己远离政治。
Page N.445
联想拓展
distant adj. 遥远的;远处的;久远的
高手过招
单项填空
All human beings have a cmfrtable zne regulating the
they keep frm smene they talk with.
(2009·12·江西瑞昌检测)
Distance B. scp C. range D. bundary
解析:选A。keep distance frm 与……保持距离。
5. mix
vt.&vi. 混合;调配
常用结构:
mix A and/with B 把A与B混合起来
mix sth. up 把某物拌和;混淆某物
mix sth. in/int把某物掺进去
be/get mixed up with sth./sb. 与某事有关;与某人混在一起
The chemist mixed (up) sme medicine fr me.
药剂师给我配了些药。
Page N.446
Oil and water dnt mix. 油和水不能混合。
Oil wnt mix with water. 油不能和水混合。
联想拓展
mixture n.[U,C] 混合(物);混合状态
高手过招
用mix相关短语的适当形式填空 (原创)
①Dn’t try t business pleasure.
②Mix the eggs the flur.
③I dn’ t want t in the affair.
答案:①mix; with②int③be mixed up
6. impress
vt.使印象深刻;使铭记
常用结构:
impress sth. n/upn sb. = impress sb. with/by sth.
使某人铭记某事
The sights f the city never fail t impress freign turists.
外国游客无一不对该市留有深刻印象。
We were mst impressed with/by yur efficiency.
你的工作效率很高,我们极为钦佩。
Page N.447
impressin n.[C]印象;感想
impressive adj.给人印象深刻的;令人敬佩的
make/give/create an impressin n/upn...
给……一个印象
have/get the impressin that/f 有……的印象
高手过招
用impress相关短语的适当形式填空 (原创)
①Father me the value f hard wrk.
②One candidate in particular us her knwledge.
③Yu an excellent us.
④When I first met him I he was a humrus man.
答案:①impressed n②impressed; with
③made; impressin upn④had the impressin that
重点短语
7. settle dwn
舒适地坐下或躺下;(使)安静、安顿、安心;习惯于新的生活方式/工作等
She settled dwn in an armchair t read her bk.
她舒适地坐在扶手椅上看书。
Page N.448
When are yu ging t marry and settle dwn?
你什么时候结婚过上安定生活?
联想拓展
settle dwn t ding sth.使……安下心来做某事
settle (dwn) in ... 在……定居下来
settle a dispute/an argument/an issue
解决争端/争论/问题
高手过招
(1)单项填空
New water wells encuraged peple near the wells.
(2009·12·陕西西安检测)
A. t be settled dwnB. t settle dwn
C. t be settling dwnD. t live dwn
(2)完成句子(原创)
Smething is disturbing him, s he can’t (安下心来) his wrk.
(3)用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
He finally settled dwn t (d) his hmewrk.
Page N.449
解析: (1)选B。考查固定搭配。encurage sb. t d sth. 鼓励某人做某事;settle dwn 定居。
(2)settle dwn t(3)ding
8. catch sight f
看见
She said that she caught sight f me in the crwd.
她说她在人群中一下子就看见了我。
联想拓展
at first sight 初次见到时;乍看上去
at the sight f 一看见……就……
lse sight f 看不见
ut f sight 看不见(视野之外)
in/within sight 看得见;在眼前
高手过招
单项填空
There was nbdy when the man came rund the crner.
(2009·12·江西安福检测)
A. ut f sight B. at sight
C. lse sight D. in sight
Page N.450
解析:选D。根据句意可知,空格处的意思应该是“视野之内;看见”。in sight 看得见;在眼前。
9. as far as
远到,直到;至于
I’ll walk with yu as far as the pst ffice.
我会陪你走到邮局。
I’ve read as far as the third chapter. 我已读到第三章了。
联想拓展
as far as sb. can see/tell/ remember
就某人看来/所说/所记得
as/s far as sb./sth. is cncerned 就某人/事而言
far frm sth. 毫不;一点也不; 远非
S far, s gd. (谚) 到目前为止,一切都很顺利。
高手过招
完成句子 (原创)
① (对我个人来说), yu can d what yu like.
②The prblem is (绝非易事).
③We’ll g by train (直到) Lndn, and then take a bus.
Page N.451
答案:①As far as I’m cncerned②far frm easy
③as far as
10. in the distance
在远处;在远方
We can see the muntain in the distance.
我们从远处就可以看到那座山。
Night fell, the hills in the distance turn dark blue.
夜色渐近,远处的山变成了深蓝色。
联想拓展
at a distance 隔一段距离,距离稍远一些
frm a distance 从远方
keep a distance 别靠近;保持距离
keep sb. at a distance 对某人保持疏远
高手过招
用适当的介词填空
①We can see a windmill the distance.
②The picture lks better a distance.
答案: ①in②at
Page N.452
11. have a gift fr
对……有天赋
gifted adj. 有天赋的,有才的
He has a gift fr dancing.他有跳舞的天赋。
Mther has a gift fr making peple feel at hme.
妈妈有一种总让人感觉像在自己家一样的天赋。
The cmpser is als a gifted pianist.
这位作曲家也是位很有天赋的钢琴家。
高手过招
单项填空
Yu have a fr music and I think yu can have a chance t be a great singer.
A. Pwer B. skill C. energy D. gift
解析:选D。考查固定搭配。have a gift fr对……有天赋。
重点句型
12. Rather than take the aerplane all the way, they decided t fly t Vancuver and then take the train frm west t east acrss Canada.
Page N.453
她们不想一路乘飞机,而决定先飞到温哥华,再从西海岸乘火车横穿加拿大到达东海岸。
常用结构:
rather than... 是……而不是……;与其……不如……;不愿
He ran rather than walked.他是跑的而不是走的。
Rather than allw the vegetables t g bad, he sld them at half price. 与其让蔬菜烂掉,他不如半价把它们卖掉。
联想拓展
d A rather than d B = rather than d B, sb. des A
某人不做B却做A
A rather than B是A而不是B
wuld rather d A than d B = wuld d A rather than d B
宁可做A而不做B
prefer t d A rather than d B 最喜欢做A而不做B
wuld rather sb. did/had dne sth. 宁愿某人做某事
温馨提示
rather than表示客观事实,它连接的并列成分可以是名词、代词、形容词、介词(短语)、动名词、分句、不定式、动词等。后接不定式时,不定式可以带t,也可以不带t。但rather than位于句首时,则只能接不带t 的不定式。
Page N.454
高手过招
(1)用括号内所给词语的适当形式填空 (原创)
①Rather than (ride) n a crwded bus, he always prefers (ride) a bicycle.
②I’d rather yu (nt cme) yesterday.
③I think Tm, rather than yu, (blame).
(2)翻译句子 (原创)
①他一路跑过来而不是走过来。
②她喜欢把一些东西保存在房间里而不是把它们扔掉,尽管大部分都是无用的。
答案:(1)①ride; t ride②hadn’t cme③is t blame
(2)①He came running all the way rather than walking.
②She likes t keep things in the huse rather than thrw them away, thugh many are useless.
Page N.455
13. It is s wet there that the trees are extremely tall, sme measuring ver 90 metres.
那儿的湿度很大,所以树都长得特别高,一些高达90多米。
sme measuring ver 90 metres 是独立主格结构。
联想拓展
独立主格结构由名词或代词加上其他成分构成,在语法上是一个独立的短语,不是句子,作用相当于状语从句,可表示时间、原因、条件、行为、方式或伴随情况。
构成形式:名词(代词) + 现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语。
①作时间状语:
The meeting ver, they left the hall.
会议结束了,他们离开了大厅。
②作原因状语:
My watch having been lst, I didn’t knw what time it was.
我的表丢了,我不知道几点钟了。
③作条件状语:
Time permitting, I shall g t the cinema with yu.
Page N.456
如果时间允许的话,我会和你一起去看电影。
④描述伴随行为或补充说明:
Mary entered the rm, her hands in her pckets.
玛丽走进房间,手放在口袋里。
高手过招
(1)用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空(原创)
①The test (finish), we began ur hliday.
②Weather (permit), we are ging t visit yu tmrrw.
(2)完成句子
①He came int the rm, his ears (冻得发红).
②He came ut f the library, a bk (夹在胳膊下).
答案:(1)①finished②permitting
(2)①red with cld②under his arm
Page N.457
必修 4
Page N.458
Unit 1 Wmen f achievement
Page N.459
核心单词
1. achievement
n.[C]成就;功绩;\[U\]实现;完成;达到
联想拓展
achieve v.取得,实现
achieve an aim/a gal达到目标
achieve success 获得成功
He received the Nbel Prize fr his scientific achievements.
他因科学上取得的成就而获得诺贝尔奖。
Flying acrss the Atlantic fr the first time was a great achievement. 首次飞越大西洋是一个伟大的功绩。
Page N.460
高手过招
完成句子(原创)
①没有人民的支持,我们将一事无成。
Withut the supprt f the peple we can .
②我只完成了我所希望完成的工作的一半。
I have achieved nly half f I hpe t d.
③祝贺你获得这样完美的胜利。
Cngratulatins t yu (介词) such a cmplete victry.
答案: ① achieve nthing ②what ③ n achieving
2. behave
vi.举止,行为,表现;(机器等)工作,运转(常与well/badly等副词连用)
vt.守规矩;举止有礼
常用结构:
behave neself 使某人自己举止规矩
Behave yurself; dn’t make a fl f yurself.
注意你的举止, 别闹出笑话来。
Hw is yur new car behaving? 你的新车性能如何?
联想拓展
behaviur n. (人的)言行举止,行为;(动物)习性,自学 成才
behaviur twards/t... 对……的态度/行为
Page N.461
高手过招
(1)单项填空
①David is quite well in schl. He beys the teachers and gets As in all his subjects.
(2009·11·山东潍坊检测)
A. Behaved B. cncerned
C. Invlved D. respected
(2)完成句子 (原创)
①父母让孩子们在客人面前举止礼貌。
The parents asked the children t in frnt f the guests.
②她对这个孩子的良好行为感到高兴。
She is pleased with the child’s .
解析:(1) 选A。be well behaved为固定搭配,意为“表现优秀”,联系空后的内容可知,A项最佳。
(2) ① behave well ②gd behaviur
Page N.462
3. wrthwhile
adj.值得做的;值得的,可用作表语或定语,其后可加t d/ding。
易混辨析
wrth/wrthy/wrthwhile
wrth 只能作表语,其后接钱数、名词或及物动词的动名词的主动形式: be wrth ding。
wrthy可作表语,后接f+名词/动名词的被动形式/不定式的被动形式: be wrthy f+n./being dne / t be dne; 也可作定语,表示“值得……的;有价值的”。
wrthwhile可作表语或定语;a wrthwhile jb 一份值得做的工作。常用结构:it is wrthwhile t d/ding做某事是值得的。
a wrthy winner 名副其实的赢家
Buying the car at this price is nt wrthwhile.
以这样的价格买车不值得。
Is it wrthwhile making/ t make such an effrt?
做这样的努力值得吗?
Page N.463
高手过招
(1)单项填空 (原创)
It was the truble t settle the prblem.
A. wrth t take B. wrthwhile taking
C. wrth being taken D. wrth taking
(2)选词填空 (wrthwhile/wrth/wrthy) (原创)
①This vase was five hundred francs at the mst.
②Everybdy has rts. It is t search fr his rts.
③Their effrts are f yur supprt.
④This bk is well reading and it is f being read a secnd time.
解析:(1) 选B。wrthwhile后可以跟动名词也可以跟不定式,而wrth后面只可以跟动名词的主动语态表达被动概念。
(2) ①wrth ② wrthwhile ③ wrthy
④ wrth; wrthy
Page N.464
4. respect
vt.尊敬;尊重
n.敬意;问候
常用结构:
pay/give ne’s respect t sb. 向某人致敬/问候
have/shw respect fr sb. 尊敬某人
respecting = with respect t关于;就……而言
in all respects = in every respect 无论从哪方面来看;
在各方面
We all shuld respect ur parents and teachers.
我们都应该尊敬我们的父母和老师。
Mr Smith always shw respect t his children’s pinins.
史密斯先生总是很尊重孩子们的意见。
In respect t the cntent, the article is very gd,but it is nt satisfactry in ther aspects.
就内容而言,这篇文章很好,但在其他方面还不能令人满意。
Page N.465
联想拓展
respectable adj. 值得尊敬的;正派的;高尚的
respectful adj. 有礼貌的;恭敬的
respective adj. 各自的;分别的
respectively adv. 各自地;分别地
Oneˉway fares fr adults and children were $18 and $5 respectively.
成人和儿童的单程车费分别为18美元和5美元。
高手过招
完成句子 (原创)
①请代我向你的父母致意。
Please yur parents.
②我们的班主任是位可敬的人,我们都很尊敬她。
Our head teacher is a persn, we all her.
答案:①give my respect t
②respectable; shw/have respect fr
Page N.466
5. argue
v.争论,辩论;说服;主张;认为
常用结构:
argue with sb. abut/ver sth. 就某事和某人争辩
argue sb. int/ut f ding=persuade sb. t/nt t d
=persuade sb. int/ut f ding 说服某人做/不做某事
argue fr/against 支持/反对
联想拓展
argument n. 论点;争论;论据
settle an argument 解决争端
beynd argument 无可争辩
We argued that we shuld be paid mre.
我们据理力争自己应该得到更高的薪水。
They are arguing with the fficials ver freign plicies.
他们正就外交政策与官员们进行辩论。
They argued the park int lwering the price.
他们说服公园降了价。
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高手过招
完成句子 (原创)
①我们总是就金钱的问题而争论。
We are always arguing each ther mney.
②他们说服我买了辆新的自行车。
They argued me buying a new bike.
③他反对吸烟,而且坚持认为吸烟有害健康是无可争辩的事实。
He argued smking, and insisted that it was argument that smking was harmful t health.
答案: ① with; abut/ver ②int ③ against;
beynd
Page N.468
6. inspire
vt.鼓舞;激励;引发;赋予……灵感;激发
His speech inspired us. 他的发言鼓舞了我们。
The beautiful scenery inspired the cmpser.
美丽的景色使作曲家文思泉涌。
常用结构:
inspire sb. t sth. 鼓励某人某事
inspire sb. t d sth.鼓励某人做某事
(=encurage sb. t d sth.)
inspire sth. in sb.
(=inspire sb. with sth.) 使某人产生……;鼓励某人……
The father inspired his sn with cnfidence.
=The father inspired cnfidence in his sn.
这位父亲鼓励儿子要自信。
联想拓展
inspiratin n. 灵感;启发;鼓舞人的事或人
inspired adj. 受到鼓舞的;有灵感的
inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的;激励的
Page N.469
高手过招
完成句子 (原创)
①老师的话使他产生了希望。
The teacher’s wrds .
=The teacher’s wrds .
②学生们都被这首振奋人心的歌曲所鼓舞。
The students were all by the sng.
答案: ① inspired him with hpe; inspired hpe in him ② inspired; inspiring
Page N.470
7. intend
vt.&vi. 计划,打算
常用结构:
be intended fr 专供……使用;专为……而设计
intend t d/ding 打算……
intend sb. t d sth. 打算让某人做某事
This kind f bicycle is intended fr peple wh are t shrt.
这种自行车是专为身材矮小的人设计的。
Tday, I intend t finish reading this nvel.
今天我打算读完这本小说。
I intend yu t take ver my career.
我打算让你接管我的事业。
Page N.471
高手过招
单项填空
①The bk, fr her sister, was lst in the mail. (2010·01·江苏南京检测)
A. intended as pleasant surprise
B. intending as pleasant surprise
C. intended as a pleasant surprise
D. intending fr pleasant surprise
②Miss Wang had t catch the first bus, but she did’t get up early enugh.
(2010·01·陕西西安质量检测)
A. Turned B. cme C. intended D. prmised
①解析:选C。intend sth. fr sb.意为“为某人准备某物”,bk与intend之间呈被动关系,因此用过去分词短语作定语;surprise在这里用单数,表示“一个惊喜”。
②解析:选C。intend有“打算”的意思,用过去完成时,表示“曾打算如此,但没有做成”。
Page N.472
8. deliver
vt.接生(小孩);递送;发表(演说等)
常见结构:
deliver a baby 接生小孩;生小孩
deliver sth. t...把某物送到……
The baby was delivered in a clinic.
孩子是在一个医疗站接生的。
Cmrade Yang delivered the pening speech.
杨同志致了开幕词。
联想拓展
delivery n. 送货;交付
express delivery 快递
n delivery 送达时;货到时
Page N.473
高手过招
完成句子 (原创)
①一些新书已经送到学校了。
Sme new bks have the schl.
②演员用他温柔的声音演讲。
The actr his speech a sft vice.
答案: ① been delivered; t ② delivered/gave; in
Page N.474
9. bserve
vt. 观察;观测;遵守
She spent many year bserving and recrding their daily activities.
她花了许多年时间来观察和记录他们的日常活动。
常用结构:
bserve+名词/代词
宾语+宾语补足语(不带t的不定式/动词ing
形式)
that从句/what从句
I bserved them enter/entering the shp.
我看到他们进了/正走进商店。
The by bserved what was ging n between Tm and his little sister.
男孩观察汤姆和他妹妹之间会发生什么事。
We shuld strictly bserve the discipline.
我们要严格遵守纪律。
联想拓展
bserver n. 观察者
bstrvatin n. 观察
Page N.475
高手过招
翻译句子
①我从未看过他做早操。
②我们必须遵守交通规则。
答案: ① I have never bserved him d mrning exercises.
② We must bserve the rule f rad.
Page N.476
重点短语
10. lk dwn upn/n
蔑视;瞧不起
She lks dwn n peple wh’ve never been t university.
她瞧不起没上过大学的人。
Yu can’t lk dwn upn a persn because he is pr.
你不能因为某个人贫穷就瞧不起他。
I hpe yu dn’t lk dwn upn/n this kind f wrk.
我希望你不要看不起这种工作。
联想拓展
lk n sb./ sth. as 把某人/某物看作……
=cnsider sb./ sth. as
lk n 袖手旁观;观望
lk int sth. 调查;观察某事物
lk up 查阅(单词、资料);向上看;好转
lk (sb.) up and dwn 上下打量(某人)
lk ut fr sb./sth. 警惕或留心某人/某物
lk back t 回顾;回忆
lk abut/arund 环顾四周
lk after 照料 ;照看
lk frward t 盼望;期待
lk fr 寻找
lk like 看起来像
lk ver 检查;检阅
lk thrugh 浏览;检查
lk up t 尊敬
Page N.477
高手过招
(1)完成句子 (原创)
①He was (被人看不起) because f his humble backgrund.
②He is (被认为是) the leading authrity n the subject.
③If yu want t knw hw a wrd is used, it (查阅) in a dictinary.
(2)选词填空(lk up/lk dwn n/lk frward t/lk int) (原创)
①I’m ging t yur party.
②The plice have received the cmplaint, and they are it.
③We shuld nt manual labur.
④Please these wrds in yur dictinary.
Page N.478
答案: (1) ①lked dwn n ②lked n as
③lk; up
(2) ① lking frward t ② lking int
③ lk dwn n ④ lk up
11. refer t
谈到;查阅;参考;查询;提及;指……而言
联想拓展
refer t sb./sth. as 把某人/物称作
refer sth. t 把某事提交
refer sb. t 让某人向……求助
Page N.479
易混辨析
refer t/cnsult/lk up
refer t和cnsult都可作“查阅(词典、参考书等)”讲,表此意时两词可以互换。
lk up 意为“(在词典、时刻表等中)查找……”。
We agreed never t refer t the matter again.
我们同意不再谈论这件事了。
She thught I was referring t her daughter when we were talking.
当我们谈话时她以为我指的是她的女儿。
高手过招
(1)完成句子 (原创)
①Althugh she didn’t mentin any names, everyne knew wh she was (谈到).
②He gave the speech (没有参阅) his ntes.
Page N.480
③He likes t (被称为) “Dctr Khee”.
④My dctr me (向……求助) a hspital specialist.
(2)单项填空
①The prfessr at the meeting will give us a lecture next week. (2010·01·山东青州二中模块检测)
A. Referred B. referred t
C. Referring D. referring t
②If yu are nt sure f the meaning f this wrd, yu can the dictinary. (2010·浙江萧山质量检测)
A. refer t B. lk up
C. See D. make use f
③During his stay in ur cllege, he ften began his talk by this past experience as a sldier.
(2010·01·江西南昌检测)
A. turning t B. referring t
C. sticking t D. speaking t
④Using a lng stick, the teacher a place n the map and asked the children t name it. (2010·01·江苏启东检测)
A. gt dwn t B. pinted t
C. referred t D. came t
Page N.481
(1) ①referring t ②withut referring t ③ be referred t as ④ referred; t
(2) ① 解析:选B。句意为:在会议上被提到的那位教授下周将给我们作一次讲座。用refer t的过去分词形式作后置定语,表示被动。
② 解析:选A。refer t在句中作“查阅”讲,B项结构应为lk up the wrd in the dictinary。
③ 解析:选B。考查词义辨析。turn t的意思是“求助于”,但其宾语是人,不可以是物;refer t的意思是“参考;查询;谈到;提到”;stick t的意思是“坚持”。
④ 解析:选B。 考查短语辨析。get dwn t的意思是“开始;着手”,后跟名词或动名词;pint t的意思是“指着;指向”;refer t的意思是“参考;提到”;cme t的意思是“达到”。
Page N.482
12. cme acrss
=run acrss=meet by chance (偶然) 遇见;碰见
联想拓展
cme abut = happen 发生
cme frm 来自
cme ut 出现;开花;出版或发表;透露;显出
cme up 升起;发生;出现
cme up with sth. 找到或提出(答案﹑办法等)
cme t 谈到;涉及
I came acrss an ld schl friend in Oxfrd Street this mrning. 今天早上我在牛津大街碰见一位老校友。
She came acrss sme ld phtgraphs in a drawer.
她在一个抽屉里偶然发现了一些旧照片。
Page N.483
高手过招
(1)单项填空
Mr Brwn, culd yu tell me hw the differences between American English and British English ? (2010·01·山东济南检测)
A. came abut B. came t
C. came up D. came acrss
(2)用cme短语的适当形式填空 (原创)
①I sme new wrds while reading.
②His new bk will next mnth.
③She a new idea fr increasing sales.
④Can yu tell me hw the accident ?
⑤Hw did it that he knew where we were?
(1)解析:选A。考查词义辨析。cme abut意为“产生”,符合句意;cme t意为“达到(某个数字)”;cme acrss意为“偶然遇到;从……上走”;cme up意为“来到”。
(2)① came acrss ②cme ut ③came up with ④came abut ⑤cme abut
Page N.484
13. carry n
继续;坚持
Let’s carry n ur hmewrk.
让我们继续做我们的家庭作业。
We must carry n until the rescue team arrived.
我们必须坚持下去直到救援队到来。
联想拓展
carry ut 执行;实施
carry away 带走;冲走
carry ff 夺去
We will carry ut the plan as sn as it is made.
这个计划一制定出来,我们就会执行。
We planted many trees t stp the water frm carrying away the sil. 我们种这么多树的目的是阻止土壤流失。
Page N.485
高手过招
单项填空
D yu mind if I with my wrk while yu are getting tea ready.
(2010·01·山东胜利一中检测)
carry ut B. cme n
C. carry n D. g ver
解析:选C。carry n 在这里是“继续下去”的意思。A项有一定干扰性。 carry ut 也有“进行,开展”的意思,然而carry n为不及物动词,而 carry ut为及物动词。
Page N.486
重点句型
14. Only after her mther came t help her fr the first few mnths was she allwed t begin her prject.
她母亲头几个月来帮她的忙,这才使她得以开始自己的计划。
“nly+状语”放在句首时,主句部分要用部分倒装,即:将助动词、情态动词或连系动词置于主语之前。但“nly+主语”放在句首时,主句不倒装。
Only in this way can we learn English better.
只有这样,我们才能学好英语。
Only then did I remember that I had left my cell phne in the restaurant.到那时我才记起我把手机忘在餐馆里了。
Only when Mum is sick will she stay in bed.
只有生病的时候妈妈才会卧床休息。
Page N.487
高手过招
单项填空
①Only then hw much damage had been caused. (原创)
A. she realized B. she had realized
C. had she realized D. did she realize
② by keeping dwn cst will Pwer Data hld its advantage ver ther cmpanies.
(2010·01·安徽合肥高三检测)
Only B. Just C. Still D. Yet
①解析:选D。“nly+状语”放在句首时,主句部分要用部分倒装,再根据时间then判断,主句应用一般过去时,所以选D。
②解析:选A。四个选项中,只有“nly+状语”放在句首时,主句才用部分倒装。
Page N.488
15. Fr frty years Jane Gdall has been utspken abut making the rest f the wrld understand and respect the life f these animals.
40年来,简·古道尔一直在呼吁世人了解并尊重这些动物的生活。
本句用的是现在完成时,即“has/have been ding”,表示从过去某个时间开始的动作或状态一直延续到现在,可能还会再进行下去。
—What have yu been ding?
你一直在做什么?
—I have been practising the pian.
我一直在练习弹钢琴。
Page N.489
高手过招
单项填空
①—Hi, Fracy, yu lk tired.
—I m tired. I the living rm all day.
Painted B. had painted
C. have been painting D. have painted
②New that she is ut f a jb, Lucy ging back t schl, but she hasn’t decided yet.
A. had cnsidered B. has been cnsidering
C. Cnsidered D. is ging t cnsider
①解析:选C。答句句意为:我一整天都在给起居室刷油漆。表示过去开始的动作一直持续进行到现在,用现在完成进行时。
②解析:选B。句意为:露西现在没有工作,她在考虑回学校,但她依然没有做决定。表示过去开始的动作一直持续进行到现在,用现在完成进行时。
Page N.490
Unit 2 Wrking the land
Page N.491
核心单词
1. struggle
v.挣扎;努力;拼搏;斗争
n. (为争取自由、政治权利等而进行的)斗争,奋斗
常用结构:
struggle with与……斗争
struggle fr 为争取……而斗争
struggle against与……斗争;为反对……而斗争
struggle t d sth. (=make great effrts t d sth.)
努力做某事
struggle t ne’s feet 挣扎着站起来
She struggled t keep back the tears. 她努力忍住泪水。
It was a hard struggle t get my wrk dne n time.
为使工作按时完成, 我做了一番努力。
Page N.492
易混辨析
struggle/fight
struggle指较长时间的、激烈的斗争,往往指肉体及精神上的战斗。
fight意为“搏斗,打斗,打架”,表示“斗争”时,包含体力和勇猛的因素。
高手过招
(1)单项填空
The wrking peple have never stpped their struggle unfair treatment. ( 2010·01·山西太原五中检测)
A. against B. fr C. frm D. t
(2)完成句子 (原创)
①我们应当帮助那些仍在为独立而斗争的人们。
We shuld help thse wh are still .
②他们得和各种各样的困难作斗争。
They had t .
Page N.493
(1)解析:选A。struggle against意为“同……作斗争”;struggle fr意为“为了……而斗争”。
(2)①struggling fr independence
②struggle with/against all kinds f difficulties
2. expand
v.扩大;扩展;增加;增长;(使)膨胀;阐述;使变大
常用结构:
将……扩展/发展成……
expand n 阐述;详谈
He is thinking f expanding his business.
他在正考虑扩大他的生意。
In ten years the city’s ppulatin expanded by 12%.
十年之中,该市人口增加了百分之十二。
Page N.494
联想拓展
expansin n. 展开;膨胀;扩展
expansive adj. 广阔的;易膨胀的
易混辨析
expand/extend/spread/stretch
expand 意为“展开,扩大”,不仅指尺寸的增加,还可指范围和体积的扩大。
extend 意为“伸出,延伸”,指空间范围的扩大,以及长度,宽度的向外延伸,也可指时间的延长。
spread 意为“传播;蔓延;铺开”。一般指向四面八方扩大传播的范围,如传播(疾病),散布(信息)等。
stretch 意为“伸展(身体等),拉长;连绵”,一般指由曲变直,由短变长的伸展,不是加长。
Page N.495
高手过招
选词填空(expend/extend/spread/stretch)(原创)
①The fire sn t the nearby huses.
②The turist seasn frm May till Octber.
③A balln when it is blwn up.
④The cat ut in frnt f the fire.
答案:①spread ②extends ③expands ④stretched
3. equip
vt. & vi. 配备;装备
常用结构:
equip sb./sth. with 用……武装某人;用……装备某物
equip sb./sth. fr 为……而武装某人;为……而装备某物
a piece f ffice equipment 一件办公设备
Page N.496
They equipped themselves fr the expeditin.
他们为远征准备装备。
A gd educatin shuld equip yu fr life.
良好的教育能使你受用终生。
高手过招
(1)单项填空
All classes f this schl are with mdern . (原创)
A. equipped; equipment B. equipped; equipments
C. equipping; equipments D. equipping; equipment
(2)完成句子 (原创)
①The sldiers were well (装备) weapns.
②This library (为……而装备) atmic research.
③Our classrm (装备有) a cmputer and a tape recrder.
Page N.497
(1)解析:选A。equip ...意为“用……装备……”,被动形式为be equipped with。第二空equipment意为“装备;设备”,是不可数名词。
(2) ①equipped with ② is equipped fr
③ is equipped with
4. regret
vt.& vi. 后悔;遗憾
n. 遗憾;懊悔
常用结构:
regret ding= regret having dne=regret t have dne
后悔做了某事
regret t d遗憾将要做某事
regret t say/tell/infrm 遗憾地说/告诉/通知
much t ne’s regret 深感遗憾
with regret 遗憾地
Page N.498
Tm regretted telling his parents the thing.
汤姆后悔告诉了父母那件事。
I regretted t tell yu yu hadn’t passed the driving test.
我很遗憾地告诉你你没有通过驾驶考试。
He tld me with regret that he culdn’t cme t the party.
他很抱歉地对我说他不能参加这个聚会了。
He gave up teaching in 1998, much t his students regret.
他于1998年放弃了教学,这使他的学生很遗憾。
高手过招
(1)单项填空
They failed t pass the exam last time. I regretted them. (2010·01·江西赣州质量检测)
A. t be nt able t help B. nt being able t help
C. being nt able t help D. nt be able t help
Page N.499
(2)用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空 (原创)
①I nw regret (leave) schl s yung.
②I regret (infrm) yu that yur cntract will nt be renewed.
(3)完成句子
(我非常抱歉), I am unable t accept yur invitatin.
(1)解析:选B。考查regret ding这一结构的用法。本空表达对过去发生的事情感到遗憾,同时还考查了动名词的否定形式 nt ding。
(2)①leaving②t infrm
(3)Much t my regret/T my great regret
5. reduce
vt.减少;缩小;降低;使……陷入某种更糟的状态
He is trying t reduce expenses. 他正试图减少开支。
We must gradually reduce the wage gap.
我们必须逐步缩小工资差距。
Page N.500
常用结构:
reduce sth. t... 减少到……
reduce sth. by... 减少了……
be reduced t 沦落为……
The shpkeeper reduced the price by $10.
店主把价格降了10美元。
The pr by is reduced t begging.
那个可怜的孩子已沦为乞丐。
高手过招
完成句子 (原创)
①她的体重减少了5公斤。
She her 5 kils.
②炸弹爆炸使得该城市化为废墟。
The bmbs the city .
答案: ① reduced;weight by ② reduced;t ruins
Page N.501
6. cmment
vi.&vt. 表达意见;作出评论
n.[C&U] 评论;议论
常用结构:
cmment n/abut sth./sb. 对某事/某人进行评论
make cmments/n cmment n sth./sb.
对某事/某人进行评论/不进行评论
The scandal caused a lt f cmment.
这件丑闻遭到很多议论。
“Will yu resign, Minister?” “N cmment!”
“部长,您是要辞职吗?”“无可奉告。”
高手过招
(1)用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空 (原创)
D yu have any cmments (make) n the recent develpments?
Page N.502
(2)完成句子 (原创)
①Asked abut the date f the electin, the Prime Minister (发表意见) n decisin had yet been made.
②She was asked abut the pay increase but
(不进行评论) n it.
答案:(1)t make
(2) ①cmmented that ② made n cmment
重点短语
7. thanks t
由于;多亏(有时用作反语);因为
Thanks t yur help, we were successful.
由于你的帮助,我们成功了。
Thanks t yu, I was saved frm drwning.
多亏你,我才没被淹死。
Thanks t the bad weather, the match had been cancelled.
多亏了这倒霉的天气,比赛被取消了。(反语)
Page N.503
联想拓展
表示“因为,由于”的短语还有:
because f,wing t,n accunt f,due t,as a result f。
温馨提示
以上这些都是介词短语,因此后面可以跟名词或动名词而不可以跟从句。
高手过招
单项填空
①It was yur timely help that we accmplished the task n time. (2010·01·山西运城检测)
A. Because B. thank C. thanks t D. as
② the new plicy, we are nw having a happy life. (2010·01·安徽亳州检测)
A. Thanks t B. Because
C. Fr D. Thanks fr
①解析:选C。because 和as 虽然也表示“因为,由于”,但后面需接句子,而句中是短语,故应用thanks t。句意为: 幸亏你及时帮忙,我们才按时完成了任务。
②解析:选A。考查近义词辨析。thanks t意为“多亏了”;because后应加句子;fr 表示补充说明的原因。
Page N.504
8. rid
摆脱;除去
Yu shuld rid yurself f that bad habit.
你应该改掉那个坏习惯。
联想拓展
be rid f 摆脱
get rid f 摆脱;除掉;去掉
rid neself f debt 还清债务
break away frm 摆脱;放弃
Yu must break away frm such a bad habit.
你必须改掉这样的坏习惯。
It wn’t be lng befre we can be/get rid f the pest altgether.
不用太久,我们就能把这种害虫消除干净。
高手过招
同义句转换 (原创)
Culd yu rid yurself f the bad habit f smking?
Culd yu the bad habit f smking?
答案: get rid f
Page N.505
9. wuld rather
宁愿,宁可
I’d rather yu didn’t. (常用来委婉拒绝别人)
我希望你不要。
He wuld rather stay at hme watching TV.
他宁愿待在家里看电视。
I’d rather nt g there. 我宁愿不去那里。
I’d rather yu came tmrrw than tday.
我宁愿你明天来而不是今天来。
I’d rather have made a telephne call t him yesterday.
我昨天本想给他打个电话的。
联想拓展
wuld 是常用句式,意为“宁可(愿)……(而)不要(愿)……”
wuld rather+从句时,从句要用虚拟语气,用动词的过去时表示。
wuld rather have dne 本想做……(而实际上未做)
Page N.506
高手过招
单项填空
①—Shall we g skating r stay at hme?
—Which d yurself? (2010·01·江西南昌检测)
A. d yu rather B. wuld yu rather
C. will yu rather D. shuld yu rather
②I’d rather the basketball match last night. Otherwise, I wuld have finished my paperwrk by nw.
(2010·01·江苏徐州检测)
A. nt have watched B. nt watch
C. hadn’t watch D. haven’t watch
①解析:选B。考查wuld rather d sth.这一结构的用法。而d, will和shuld都不能与rather 搭配。wuld rather (nt) d sth.意为“宁愿(不愿意)做某事”。
②解析:选A。wuld rather nt have dne意为“本不想做……(实际却做了)”。后一句句意为:否则我现在已经完成了我的文件。 所以前句表示“本不想看球赛却看了”,故选A。
Page N.507
10. lead t
通向;导致;造成(后果)
注意:lead t中的t为介词,该短语后可跟名词或动名词。
The car accident led t his being killed.
那次车祸导致他死亡。
All rads lead t Rme.
条条大路通罗马。
Eating t much sugar can lead t health prblems.
吃太多糖会导致健康问题。
His carelessness led t his failure.
他的粗心导致了他的失败。
联想拓展
result in 导致
result frm 由……导致
Page N.508
高手过招
单项填空
The students in the university are all taking curses a degree. (2010·01·山东烟台检测)
A. sticking t B. leading t
C. turning t D. referring t
解析:选B。考查动词短语辨析。stick t 坚持; lead t 导致,引起;通往;turn t求助,转向,查阅;refer t 指的是;谈论,查阅。由句意“大学生都在学习课程,以取得学位”可知,答案为B。
11. build up
逐步建立;逐渐增强;加强;树立;积累
The cmpany has built up a fine reputatin.
该公司已建立起良好的信誉。
Yu must build up yur strength after yur illness.
你在病后必须要增强体力。
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高手过招
完成句子 (原创)
①我们应该鼓励孩子们树立信心。
We shuld encurage the children t .
②看到你的词汇量在逐渐增长我很高兴。
I’m very glad t see that yur vcabulary is .
答案: ① build up their cnfidence
② gradually building up
12. fcus n
集中(注意力、精力等)于……;对(某事或做某事)予以注意;使聚焦于;使直射于
He fcused his mind n his lessns. 他把心思集中在功课上。
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Tday we’re ging t fcus n the questin f hmeless peple. 今天, 我们主要讨论无家可归者的问题。
A nearˉsighted persn cannt fcus accurately n distant bjects. 近视的人看不清远处的物体。
联想拓展
fcus ne’s attentin n sth.= center/cncentrate/fix ne’s attentin n sth. 集中注意力于……
高手过招
完成句子 (原创)
①在我看来,学校应该把精力集中在教学上。
In my pinin, schls shuld .
②他把相机对准了远处的高楼。
He his camera the huge building in the distance.
答案: ① fcus attentin n teaching
② fcused;n
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重点句型
13. In 1974, he became the first agricultural pineer in the wrld t grw rice that has a high utput.
1974年,他成为世界上第一位种植高产水稻的农业先锋。
不定式放在表示次序的词the first, the last, the best以及the nly, the very, the right等词后面, 且这些词与动词不定式有逻辑上的主谓关系,结构为:the first/last/best/nly/very/right ...+n. + t d sth.表示“第一个/最后一个/最好的一个/唯一的/恰好的/合适的……做某事的人/物”。
He is always the first t cme and the last t leave.
他总是第一个来并且最后一个离开。
The last man t leave the sinking ship was the captain.
最后一个离开正在下沉的船的那个人是船长。
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高手过招
单项填空
He is the last persn t Mary’s birthday party.(原创)
A. t invite B. t be invited
C. invited D. being invited
解析:选B。考查不定式作定语的用法。当名词前面有序数词或last, next等词修饰时,名词后面多用不定式作定语。如New Zealand was the first natin in mdern times t allw wmen t vte. 新西兰成为现代史上第一个允许妇女有选举权的国家。
14. Using his hybrid rice, farmers are prducing harvests twice as large as befre.
用他的杂交水稻种子,农民们种出的粮食比以前多了一倍。
倍数表达法:
A+be+倍数+as+adj.+as+B
A+be+倍数+比较级+than+B
A+be+倍数+(由某些形容词变化而来的)n.+f+B
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I’m nt ging ut with a man wh’s twice as ld as me.
我不愿意和一个年纪比我大一倍的男人一起参加社交活动。
We gt three times as many peple as expected.
来的人超过我们预料人数的两倍。
Yu’re nt half as clever as yu think yu are.
你可不像自己想像的一半那么聪明。
高手过招
单项填空
What a table! I’ve never seen such a thing befre. It is it is lng. ( 原创)
A. half nt as wide as B. wide nt as half as
C. nt half as wide as D. as wide as nt half
解析:选C。考查倍数表达法。表达倍数的结构应该是:A+ be+倍数+as+ adj.+ as +B。as... as中间是形容词或副词的原级,而不可以是比较级或最高级。
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15. This als keeps the air, sil, water and crps free frm chemicals.
这还可以让空气、土壤、水以及农作物不受化学物质的污染。
keep frm 无……的;免于……;摆脱……(常用作表语、后置定语或补语)
联想拓展
be free t d sth. 自由地做,随意地做
set sb. free 释放某人
get/give sth. fr free免费得到/赠送
a smkeˉfree rm/area无烟室/区
free f charge免费
高手过招
完成句子
用这个东西把桌子罩住,免得有灰尘落在上面。
the table dirty by putting a cver ver it.
答案:Keep; free frm
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Unit3
A taste f English humur
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核心单词
1. cntent
adj. 满意的,满足的
vt. 使满意,满足
n. 内容;所包含之物
He is cntent despite his great pverty.
他虽然很穷,但很满足。
Can yu tell me the cntent f the bx?
你能告诉我盒子装的什么吗?
常用结构:
be/ feel cntent with=be satisfied /pleased with
对…… 满意
be cntent t d sth.满意/乐意做某事
cntent neself with 使某人自己对……感到满足
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As there is n bread, we must cntent urselves with pancakes.
因为没有面包了,我们只好吃煎饼了。
—Are yu cntent with yur present salary?
你对你现在的工资满意吗?
—N, nt at all. 不,一点也不满意。
高手过招
翻译句子
①你对你现在的生活满意吗? (原创)
②There is a table f cntents at the frnt f the bk.
答案: ① Are yu cntent with yur present life?
②书的前面有目录。
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2. entertain
vt.&vi. 使欢乐;招待;款待
He entertained us fr hurs with his stries and jkes.
他给我们讲故事、说笑话,让我们高兴了好几个小时。
We were all entertained by his humrus stries.
他的幽默故事使我们大家都很开心。
常用结构:
entertain sb.with sth. 用……使某人快乐
entertain sb. t sth. 用……招待/款待某人
I ften entertain friends t dinner n Sundays.
我常在星期天请朋友们吃饭。
联想拓展
entertaining adj. 使人愉快的;有趣的
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entertainment n. 款待;请客;娱乐;消遣
an entertaining stry/guest 一个有趣的故事/客人
高手过招
完成句子 (原创)
①这个孩子正在搭积木玩。
The child is his building blcks.
②那个镇上几乎没有娱乐设施。
few in that twn.
③这类机器人是为娱乐而设计的。
This type f rbt is intended nly .
答案: ①entertaining himself with ② There are; entertainments ③ fr entertainment
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3. failure
n.[U]失败;[C]失败的经历;失败的人或事
I became successful after many failures.
在多次失败后,我终于成功了。
The new restaurant was a failure and sn clsed.
那家新饭店经营不善,不久便关门了。
联想拓展
反义词:success n.成功;成功的人或事
fail v. 失败;不及格
fail in 失败;不及格;不足;缺乏
fail t d sth. (表示否定)未能做某事;没有
I failed t persuade him. 我没能说服他。
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高手过招
完成句子 (原创)
①At last, he was (了不起的成功者), while she was (失败者).
②I (不能)see why yu find it s amusing.
答案: ① a great success;a failure ② fail t
4. cnvince
vt. 使确信;使信服
常用结构:
be cnvinced/sure f sth./that确信;坚信
cnvince sb. t d sth. 说服某人做某事
cnvince sb. f sth./that 使某人相信……
We cnvinced Anne t g by train rather than plane.
我们说服安妮乘火车而不是乘飞机去。
It’s hard t cnvince my family that we can’t affrd a new car. 很难让我的家人相信我们买不起新车。
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联想拓展
cnvincing adj. 有说服力的;令人信服的
cnvinced adj. 感到信服的;相信的
cnvincible adj.可被说服的,可喻之以理的
be cnvinced f sth./that 相信……
I am cnvinced f his hnesty. 我对他的诚实深信不疑。
高手过招
单项填空 (原创)
①It will be very difficult t them ur inncence.
A. cnvince; f B. believe; in
C. cnvince; abut D. believe; f
②He culdn’t his father that Jhn was telling the truth.
A. Cnvince B. believe
C. Admit D. display
①解析:选A。cnvince sb. f sth.意为“使某人相信某事”,符合句意。
②解析:选A。按照句意:他无法使他父亲相信约翰说的是事实。cnvince 使信服,说服。常用于cnvince sb. f sth./that ...结构。believe不能用于believe sb. that ...结构;admit承认,允许进入,接纳;display陈列,展览,显示。
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5. direct
vt. &vi. 导演;指示;指挥
adj.直接的;笔直的;坦率的
He directed many Shakespearean plays in Lndn.
他在伦敦导演过许多莎士比亚的戏剧。
常用结构:
direct+ sb./ sth. +t d sth. 指示/命令某人/物做某事
Direct +that sb. (shuld) d sth.
sth. (shuld) be dne
指示某人做某事(虚拟语气)
The general directed that an advance (shuld)be made the next mrning. 将军命令部队第二天早上向前挺进。
联想拓展
directly adv.直接地
directin n. 指导;方向
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易混辨析
direct/directly
direct 是指不停步,不绕道,直奔目的地。
directly是指一种直接的方式,着重对事物的直接影响,不着重实际、距离;表示时间,指立刻,不拖延。
We flew direct frm Lndn t New Yrk.
我们直接从伦敦飞到纽约。
Yu will hear everything directly yu cme.
你一来就会听到所有的情况了。
高手过招
选词填空(direct/directin/directly) (原创)
①The next flight desn’t g t Paris,it ges by way f Rme.
②He refused t answer my questins .
③We’ll cme we have finished.
④He drve in the f the farm.
答案: ① direct ② directly ③directly ④ directin
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6. particular
adj. 特别的,特殊的,挑剔的
常用结构:
be particular abut 对……挑剔
in particular = particularly 特别地,特殊地
He lves playing ftball in particular.
他特别喜欢踢足球。
易混辨析
particular/especial/special
particular特别的,特殊的,挑剔的,强调与众不同的,特定的,个别的。
especial 特别的,主要的,突出的。 强调的是重要性,有“优越,好感”之意。
special 专门的,特殊的,特别的。强调的是事物特有的性质,性格或专门的目的,用途。
On that particular day, the dr was pened. (强调平常没有这种现象) 这扇门在特别的一天被打开了。
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Yu need nt be n diet but be n regulatin especial fr verfull.
你不必节食,但要饮食有度,不能吃得过饱。
Yu need a special tl t finish the task.
要完成这一任务,你需要专门的工具。
高手过招
单句改错 (原创)
①She is very particular fr her clthes.
②These dcuments are f particularly imprtance.
答案: ①fr→ abut/ver ② particularly → particular
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重点短语
7. badly ff
穷的;处境差的;缺少的
I am quite badly ff recently.
最近我经济上很拮据。
联想拓展
be badly ff fr sth. 需要(某物);(某物)供应不足
wrse ff 境况更差;更穷困
well ff 富裕;处境好
(比较级:better ff境况更佳)
His health is wrse ff than befre.
他的身体状况比以前更糟糕了。
The refugees are badly ff fr blankets, and even wrse ff fr fd. 难民需要毯子, 更需要食物。
Capitalism can make yu well ff.
资本主义可以让你变得富裕。
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高手过招
单项填空
①Thugh he was , he lked dwn upn thse wh had a lt f mney.
A. well f B. rich
C. badly ff D. well–knwn
②We shuldn’t cmplain abut being pr because many families are much .(2010·01·安徽泗县一中检测)
A. better ff B. badly ff
C. well ff D. wrse ff
①解析:选C。句意为:虽然他很穷,但是他看不起有钱人。badly ff在句中意为“穷困的”。
②解析:选D。句意为:我们不应该抱怨贫穷,因为有许多家庭更加穷困。根据“贫穷”可以排除A、C两项,much修饰比较级,所以选D。
8. cut ff
切断(水电的供应);中断,打断(谈话);隔离
The water supply has been cut ff fr several days in the city. 这个城市的水供应已经被切断好几天了。
They were cut ff in the middle f their cnversatin n the phne. 他们在通电话时被中断了。
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When the city was cut ff, everyne knew that the ttal defeat was certain. 当城市被包围时,大家都知道失败已成定局。
联想拓展
cut dwn 砍倒;消减,降低
cut in 插嘴
cut acrss 取捷径;走近路
cut up 切碎
高手过招
单项填空
①He was in hspital fr six mnths. He felt as if he
was frm the utside wrld.
(2010·01·山东莱州检测)
A. cut ut B. cut ff
C. cut up D. cut thrugh
②With the electricity , all the machines stpped. (原创)
A. cut ff B. cut dwn
C. was cut ff D. was cut dwn
①解析:选B。考查短语辨析。cut ut删去;cut ff隔离,常与frm连用;cut up切碎;cut thrugh抄近路。由句意可知,选B项。
②解析:选A。the electricity 与cut ff之间呈被动关系,所以用“with+ sth.+ dne”的结构。
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9. pick ut
挑出;选出;辨认出某人或某物
She was picked ut frm hundreds f applicants fr the jb.
她是从数百位申请人里挑选出来做这份工作的。
He picked ut his sister frm the crwd.
他从人群中认出了他的姐姐。
联想拓展
pick at 小口地吃
pick n 选择;(作为挨骂或受罚对象)挑中(某人)
pick up 捡起;改良;进步;增加;获得;收听
高手过招
单项填空
①This picture was taken a lng time ag. I wnder if yu can my father. (2010·01·陕西宝鸡检测)
A. find ut B. pick ut
C. lk ut D. speak ut
②—Hw are yu getting n with yur business, Tm?
—I’m glad t say it is . (2010·1·陕西师大附中检测)
A. picking up B. making up
C. taking up D. turning up
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①解析:选B。表示从人群中“辨认出”,用pick ut,故选B。
②解析:选A。pick up在句中意为“有起色,好转”。
重点句型
10. Nt that Charlie’s wn life was easy!
然而卓别林自己的生活也并不容易!
nt that并非,倒不是说,用于句首或短语之前,表否定含义。
Wh were yu with last night? Nt that I care, f curse.
你昨晚和谁在一起?我当然不计较。
高手过招
完成句子 (原创)
①Kate had lst sme weight— (我倒不关心).
(我并不是说这个很要紧), but hw did yu spend the mney I gave yu?
答案: ① nt that I care ② Nt that it matters
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11. They are s hungry that they try biling a pair f leather shes fr their dinner. 他们饿极了,只好煮了一双皮鞋来充饥。
如此……以至,在句中引导结果状语从句。 s 为副词,后跟形容词或副词。
易混辨析
中的s 为副词,后跟形容词或副词。
中的such 为形容词,后跟名词(名词前可有形容词修饰),当that前面有many, much, few, little等词修饰时,只能用s,不可以用such。
He became s angry that he culdn’t speak.
他变得很生气,以至说不出话来。
It was such a sunny day that we culd g ut fr a walk.
天气如此的晴朗,所以我们可以出去散步。
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联想拓展
①当little意为“小”的时候,要用such,不用s。
It is such a little sheep that it can’t run fast.
这只绵羊如此的小以至于不能跑快。
②that 前面是单数可数名词,并且前面有形容词修饰时,两者可以互换使用。
He is such a kind man that we all like him.
=He is s kind a man that we all like him.
他如此善良以至于我们都喜欢他。
③中的s位于句首时,要求后面的主句进行部分倒装。
S fast did he run that I culdn’t catch up with him.
他跑得如此快以至于我赶不上。
高手过招
单项填空
There is little water that it is nt enugh fr many peple. (2010·01·山东青岛模块检测)
such; s B. s; s C. such; such D. s; such
解析:选B。此处 little 意为“少”,所以第一个空要用s修饰;第二个空后面为many修饰名词,故也用s。
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12. Then he cuts ff the leather tp f the she as if it were the finest steak.
然后他把皮鞋上端的皮子切下来,就像是切下一块最好的牛排。
句中as if引导状语从句。as if从句中的内容有时有主观想像或夸大性的比喻,此时从句中常用虚拟语气。若从句中的动词与主句谓语动词同时发生,则从句谓语动词用过去时;若先于主句则用过去完成时,若后于主句,则用过去将来时。
He lks as if he were an artist.(同时)
他看起来就像是一位艺术家。
He speaks English s fluently as if he had studied English in America.(先于)他说英语如此流利好像他在美国学过一样。
He learns English s hard as if he wuld g t the USA.(后于)他学英语如此努力就像他会去美国一样。
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高手过招
完成句子
①那个小孩和我们谈起话来就像成年人似的。
The child talked t us .
②他的行为就像知道了事实似的。
He acts as if .
答案: ①as if he were an adult
② he had knwn the fact
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Unit 4 Bdy language
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核心单词
1. represent
vt. 象征;表示;作为……的代表;代表;(尤指以绘画,雕刻等)表现;描绘;描写
The red lines n the map represent railways.
这张地图上的红线代表铁路。
He was picked ut frm the whle class t represent them at the ther schl.
他被挑选出来作为全班同学的代表,到另一所学校去。
She represents her mther as the kindest mther in the wrld. 她把她的妈妈描绘成世界上最好的母亲。
联想拓展
representative n. 代表;众议员
adj. 典型的;有代表性的
representatin n. 表现;陈述;代理
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易混辨析
represent/stand fr/n behalf f
represent指“代表某人/某个团体/政府等,或指某种标志代表什么,某物表现/描绘的是什么”。
stand fr 通常指字母、数字、符号等代表/象征什么。
n behalf f 指代表/代替某人,只能作状语。
高手过招
选词填空(represent/representatin/representative) (原创)
①Each clur n the chart a different department.
②The were all amazed by what had happened in the factry.
③Our cmpany has n in Africa.
答案: ①represents ② representatives ③ representatin
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2. apprach
vt.接近,走进;着手处理
n. 接近,临近;方法,途径
He apprached me with stealthy steps. 他悄然走近我。
Our apprach scared the butterfly and it flew away.
我们走近时把那只蝴蝶吓跑了。
易混辨析
apprach/way/methd/means
apprach除了意为“方法”之外,还有“接近”的意思。an apprach t(介词)“……的方法”。
way构成in the way“用这种方法”;the way t d/the way f ding (t为不定式)“做某事的方法”。
methd构成with a methd “用一种方法”。
means 意为“方式,方法”。单复数同形,构成by means f “通过……方法”。
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He put up a new apprach t the difficulty.
他提出了解决这个困难的新方法。
Can yu tell me the way t wrk ut the maths prblem?
你能告诉我做那道数学题的方法吗?
We shuld imprve ur teaching methd, with which we can make urselves understd better.
我们应该改善我们的教学方法,用这些方法,可以使学生更好的理解我们。
We arrived there by means f plane. 我们坐飞机到达那儿。
高手过招
(1)单项填空
There is n easy t the mathematics. (原创)
A. Way B. mean C. methd D. apprach
(2)单句改错 (原创)
①His apprach fr the prblem is special and prves gd.
②All the appraches f the airprt were blcked by the plice.
(1)解析:选D。apprach方法,可与t连用,意为“……的方法”;means方式,不可与t连用;methds 与with 搭配;way与f或t连用,t为不定式。
(2)①fr→t。解析:apprach在句中意为“方法;步骤”,后面与介词t 连用。
②f→ t。解析:apprach在句中意为“入口;通路”,后面与介词t 连用
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3. defence
n. 保卫,防御;防卫设备;(被告的)答辩;辩护
常用结构:
in defence f保卫……;为……辩护
注意: defence后接“入侵者”或“造成危害者”时用介词 against;若后接“被保护者”时用介词 f。
The frest will act as a defence against desert dust.
森林能起到防御沙漠尘土的作用。
This frt was nce the main defence f the island.
这座堡垒曾经是这个岛上主要的防御设施。
The defence f the accused was rather weak.
被告人的辩护软弱无力。
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联想拓展
defend v. 防护;辩护;防守;保卫
The wall was built t defend the rad frm being washed away by the sea.
建这个围墙是为了保护这条路不被海水冲垮。
易混辨析
defend/prtect/guard/preserve
这四个词都有“使安全或保持安全状态不遭受危险、攻击或伤害”的意思,但它们之间还有些差异。
defend 含有“采取措施抵制进攻”的意思。
prtect 常含有“提供安全的方式来驱开不适、伤害或进攻”的意思。
guard 含有“看守”的意思。
preserve 含有“采取措施维护……的安全”的意思。
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高手过招
完成句子 (原创)
①那位警察看守犯人。
The pliceman the prisners.
②当那只狗攻击我时,我拾起一根木棍自卫。
When the dg attacked me, I picked up a stick and myself.
③他戴着墨镜以防他的眼睛被强烈的太阳光晒伤。
He wears sunglasses t his eyes frm the strng sunlight.
答案:①guarded ② defended ③ prtect
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4. clse
adv. 接近地;靠近地;紧密地(常与介词t连用)
adj. 近的;接近的;(关系)密切的;严密的;(尤指比赛)势均力敌的
v. 结束;关闭;关
His huse is clse t the factry. 他家靠近这个工厂。
易混辨析
clse/clsely
clse 是指距离、场所、地点等的“接近,靠近”,可以说是一种实际意义上的“接近”。
clsely是指抽象意义上的“接近”,多用比喻意义,有“亲密地;严密地;仔细地”等含义。
由clse 和clsely这种意义上的区别,我们可以很轻松地区别high/highly;wide/widely;
Page N.545
deep/deeply等一类词。带–ly的副词往往用作抽象意义或比喻意义,而不带–ly的副词多用作实际意义。
The thief came clse t him and stle the mney frm his pcket. 小偷走近他,把他口袋里的钱偷走了。
Gd teaching and gd testing are clsely related.
出色的教学工作与完善的测试制度密切相关。
高手过招
选词填空(clse/clsely) (原创)
①It was very cld, s the little girl std t her mther.
②The pliceman examined the rm t find the lst jewels.
答案: ①clse ②clsely
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5. curius
adj.好奇的,感兴趣的;奇异的,不同寻常的
The freign turists were surrunded by the curius children. 外国游客被一群好奇的孩子包围着。
He is suffering frm a curius disease.
他患了一种奇怪的病。
常用结构:
be curius abut 对……感到好奇
be curius t d 急于做/极想做
联想拓展
curisity n.好奇
curiusly adv. 好奇地
ut f curisity 出于好奇
I asked ut f mere curisity.
我只不过是出于好奇问问罢了。
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高手过招
单项填空
I was t find ut what he said. (原创)
Strange B. amusing C. curius D.cnscius
解析:选C。考查形容词词义辨析。strange 奇怪的;amusing 令人快乐的;curius 好奇的;cnscius 有意识的。
6. likely
adj. 可能的(表示可能性很大时,可用mst,very修饰likely)
常用结构:
It is likely that sb. ...
=sb.is likely t d...某人可能做某事
nt likely (表示坚决不同意)绝不可能;绝对不会
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易混辨析
pssible/prbable/likely
pssible表示客观上潜在的可能性,也许实际发生的可能性并不大;一般不用表示人的词作主语。只有 pssible 后面可以接 fr sb. t d sth.,而likely和prbable 都不能。
prbable表示有几分根据的推测,比pssible表示的可能性大。换句话说,prbable的“有可能”,是指有实际的依据或逻辑上合乎情理。一般不用表示人的词作主语。
likely强调表面上看来有可能,与prbable意思接近,有时可以互换,但likely常暗示从表面迹象来判断,prbable则指经过权衡正反两方面的理由后相信某事是真实的或大概会发生。只有 be likely 前面的主语可以是人,而 pssible 和 prbable则不能。
It is pssible t transmute ne frm f energy int anther.
把某种形态的能量改变成另一种形态的能量是可能的。
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It is pssible that the first peple crssed int Austalia frm Asia n a great land bridge.
第一批从亚洲进入澳大利亚的人可能是从一座巨大的陆地桥上过去的。
It is prbable that ur schl will buy a new cmputer.
我们学校很有可能买一台新电脑。
It is prbable that she frgt.她很可能是忘了。
It’s very likely that he’ll succeed.
=He is very likely t succeed. 他极有可能成功。
I’m hardly likely t finish it within a week.
我不可能在一周内把它干完。
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高手过招
单项填空
①I can’t g ut. It is very that Mary will ring me tnight. (2010·山东聊城模块检测)
A. Likely B. pssibly C. prbably D. perhaps
②Tm was t win first prize in the cmpetitin, but his illness made him miss the chance.
(2010·01·浙江台州检测)
Pssible B. prbable C. likely D. Maybe
①解析:选A。四个选项中只有likely是形容词且符合习惯搭配,其他三个选项都是副词。
②解析:选C。maybe 是副词,故可排除D项。句子是人作主语,故只能选likely。
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7. ease
n. 安逸;舒适
v. 减轻(痛苦,忧虑);缓和;放松
The injectin brught her immediate ease.
她经过注射后,疼痛消失了。
常用结构:
at ease 感到舒适而无忧虑;感到放松,不拘束
with ease 毫不费劲地,轻而易举地
We are at ease fr yur safe return.
见您平安归来,我们感到放心了。
The questin was s easy that I culd answer it with ease.
这个问题如此简单以至于我回答得很轻松。
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高手过招
(1)单项填空
He felt cmpletely ease Mary. (原创)
A. at; with B .at ; t C. with; with D. t; t
(2)完成句子 (原创)
①听说孩子们都很安全,她才放心。
Her mind knwing that the children were safe.
②她不断练习奏鸣曲直到熟练为止。
She practiced until she culd play the snata .
(1)解析:选A。句意为:他和玛丽在一起时感到完全放松。根据句意可知,选A。
(2)①was at ease ②with ease
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重点短语
8. lse face
丢脸,丢人
Yu’ll lse face if yu dn’t keep yur prmise.
你如果没有遵守诺言,会丢脸的。
When Tm failed t beat his ppnent, he felt he had lst face with his friends.
汤姆没能打败对手,这让他在朋友面前很丢脸。
联想拓展
lse heart 泄气;灰心
lse ne’s heart t 爱上;钟情于
lse weight 减肥
lse ne’s way 迷路
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lse ne’s life 丧生
lse curage 丧失勇气
lse sight f 看不见
高手过招
单项填空
In rder nt t , he spent the whle night preparing fr the speech f next day.
(2010·01·浙江嘉兴一中检测)
A .lse curage B. lse heart
C. lse face D. lse vice
解析:选C。句意为:为了不丢面子,他花了整个晚上准备第二天的演讲。lse face 丢人,丢脸。
重点句型
9. I saw several yung peple enter the waiting area lking arund curiusly.
我看见几个年轻人走进了等候区,好奇地向四周张望。
lking arund是现在分词作伴随状语。
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联想拓展
伴随状语的特点
它所表达的动作或状态是伴随着句子谓语动词的动作而发生或存在的。
He sat in the armchair, reading a newspaper.
他坐在扶手椅里读报纸。
All night lng he lay awake, thinking f the prblem.
他整夜躺在床上睡不着,思考着那个问题。
高手过招
单项填空
①“Yu can’t catch me!” Janet shuted, away. (原创)
A. Run B. running C. t run D. ran
②He glanced ver at her, that thugh she was tiny;she seemed very well put tgether.
(2010·01·浙江宁波检测)
A. nting B. nted
C. t nte D. having nted
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①解析:选B。running作伴随状语, 因为逻辑主语Janet与run 之间呈主动关系,且run与谓语动词shuted的动作同时发生,所以用现在分词作伴随状语。
②解析:选A。nting 作伴随状语,意为“注意到;发现”。因为 he 与 nte 呈主动关系,且 nte 与谓语动词 glanced 的动作同时发生,所以用现在分词作伴随状语。
10. Nt all cultures greet each ther the same way, nr are they cmfrtable in the same way with tuching r distance between peple.
各种文化背景下人们互致问候的方式不尽相同,身体接触和相互间距离的程度也并不一样。
这个句子是由一个中心词组nt ...连接起来的,意为“既不……也不……”。部分否定通常由nt+ all/bth/each/everybdy/everything等来表达。
温馨提示
并不总是用这种方式表达部分否定,有时也以一般否定句的形式出现,即把否定主语的nt与谓语动词放在一起。Nt every Welshman speaks Welsh.
并不是每个威尔士人都说威尔士语。
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All is nt gld that glisters. 发光的并不都是金子。
若要表示全部否定,则应用相应的表示全部否定的否定词。
all→ nne (一个人也没有、没有任何东西);
bth→ neither (两个都不);every→ n(没有,不是);everyne→ n ne(没有人);everything→ nthing(什么也没有)等。
I like neither f the bks. 这两本书我都不喜欢。
高手过招
单项填空
—I think the whle class is ging n a field trip next Friday.
—I’m nt sure. has paid the transprtatin fee. ( 2010·01·江西九江检测)
A. Nt everyne B. N ne
C. Nne f them D. Neither f us
解析:选A。B项与C项为全部否定,意为“没有一个人”,故排除。D项意为“两者都不”,不符合语境。A项表示部分否定,意为“不是所有人”,符合上下文语境,故选A。
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Unit 5 Theme parks
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核心单词
1. theme
n. 题目;主题(曲)
易混辨析
theme/tpic/title/subject
theme意为“主题;论题;题目”。演讲、文章或艺术作品的题目,主题,主题思想;乐曲的主题,主旋律。
tpic意为“话题,主题”。指人们普遍感兴趣或对之持有不同观点,可供讨论的题目,也可指名篇作品的主旨或某个章节、段落的要点。
title意为“标题;题目”。指文章、书、绘画等作品的名称,还有“头衔;称呼”之意。
subject意为“题目;主题”时,指在讨论、信件、书本中写的或讨论的事、人、观点或事件。侧重发言人或作者等暗示的主旨,含义较广。
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高手过招
选词填空(theme/subject/title/tpic)
①This is a ne–man shw f paintings whse was the dullness f mdern life.
②It was the bk’s eye–catching that helped me make up my mind t buy it.
③The f yur article is very gd, but yur spelling and style must be imprved.
④What bks have yu read n this ?
答案:①theme ②title ③tpic ④subject
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2. varius
adj.各种各样的
There are varius clurs t chse frm.
有各种各样的颜色可供选择。
There are varius ways f cking an egg.
鸡蛋有多种不同的做法。
联想拓展
variusly adv.(情况、时间、处所等)不同地
vary v.变化;不同
variety n.(pl.) varieties变化,多样性
He was variusly described as a her, a genius and a fl. 他被说成是英雄、天才、笨蛋,不一而足。
Leaves vary with the seasns. 叶子随着四季的变化而改变。
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易混辨析
varius/different
varius 表示“各种各样的”,主要指彼此不同且种类繁多,强调“异”而且“多”。
different 表示“不同的”,指的是种类不同、不相像、不一样等,强调“异”。
高手过招
单项填空
①He had a wide f interests, which made him a ppular persn that all f us like t make friend with. (2010·01·江西吉安检测)
A. wrld B. variety C. varius D. difference
②Gegraphers usually get infrmatin by cmparing and cntrasting places n the earth.
(2010·01·湖北黄冈检测)
similar B. varius C. distant D. famus
①解析:选B。考查固定搭配。a wide variety f ...意为“跨度极广的;多种多样的”。
②解析:选B。句意为:地理学家通常通过比较和对照地球各种各样的地方来获得信息。 similar(相似的)只揭示了两者的相同、相似,未对应不同;而distant (遥远的)与famus(著名的)均与“相似与不同”不符,故排除A、C、D三项。
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3. advance
v.前进;推进;进展
n.前进;发展
Our sldiers advanced bravely twards the enemy.
我们的战士勇敢地朝着敌人挺进。
The enemy’s advance was stpped. 敌人的推进被阻止。
常用结构:
in advance=ahead f time 预先;提前
advance n/twards sb./sth. 向某人/物前进
advance in sth. 改进/改变某物
联想拓展
advanced adj. 高级的;先进的
China has becme ne f the mst advanced cuntries in technlgy. 中国已成为世界上科技最先进的国家之一。
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高手过招
完成句子
①女房东要求预付三个月的租金。
The landlady wanted three mnths rent .
②英国是一个发达的工业化国家。
England is cuntry.
答案: ① in advance ② an advanced industrial
4. admissin
n. 允许进入;入场费;门票;承认
Admissin t Beijing University depends n examinatin results. 北京大学的入学以考试成绩为主。
Admissin t the cncert csts 30 dllars.
音乐会的门票是30美元一张。
He is a cward by his wn admissin.他承认自己是个胆小鬼。
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admit v. (admitted; admitted) 准许进入;录取;承认
be admitted t 被录取到……
admit ding sth. 承认做某事
高手过招
单项填空
Nwadays, mre and mre students are admitted key universities every year. (2010·01·湖北武汉测)
In B. t C. n D. fr
解析:选B。be admitted t 意为“被录取到……”。
5. swing
vt. &vi. 摇摆;摆动
n. \[C\]秋千;摇摆
His arms swung/He swung his arms as he walked.
他走路时摆动着手臂。
The girl sat n a swing, swinging back and frth.
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那个女孩坐在秋千上,前后摇摆。
常用结构:
swing arund/rund 突然转向相反方向
swing sb. frm sth. t sth. (使某人)突然改变观点或情绪等
高手过招
完成句子
①她左右晃腿。
She her legs .
②她突然生气地转过身来。
She n her angrily.
答案:①swung; frm side t side ②swung arund/rund
重点短语
6. n wnder
难怪;怪不得
N wnder he is nt hungry, he has been eating sweets all day. 难怪他不饿,他一整天都在吃糖果。
N wnder yu’re s experienced, yu have wrked here fr ten years. 怪不得你这么有经验,你在这里已经工作10年了。
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联想拓展
wnder vi.&vt. 感到惊异;(对)……感到奇怪;想要知道
n. [U] 惊奇;惊叹;[C]奇迹;奇观;奇事
It is a wnder that ...真想不到,令人惊喜的是……
wnder that ... 感到奇怪,觉得惊讶
wnder whether (if)/when/why/hw ...
想知道是否/什么时候/为什么/怎么……
He wndered why peple built ugly hmes, when they culd have beautiful nes.
他很奇怪为什么人们本可以造出漂亮的房屋,而偏偏建造出丑陋的房子来。
It is a wnder that he remained alive after drpping frm the rf f a ten–stry building.
他从一幢十层楼的顶上摔下来,但仍然活着,真是个奇迹。
n dubt/n wnder
n dubt是there is n dubt ...的省略说法,表示“……毫无疑问”。
n wnder是It is n wnder that ...的省略说法,表示“怪不得,难怪……”。
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高手过招
单项填空
—Brad was Jane’s brther!
— he reminded me s much f Jane!
(2010·01·安徽淮北检测)
A. N dubt B. Abve all
C. N wnder D. Of curse
解析:选C。n wnder意为“难怪”,上句句意为:布拉德是珍妮的哥哥。所以下一句应为“难怪他们长得像”。
7. cme t life
复活;苏醒;变得活跃;恢复生气
I lve t watch everything cme t life in spring.
我喜欢看到春天万象更新。
In a few minutes Tm suddenly came t life.
过了一小会儿,汤姆突然苏醒过来。
The quiet girl has cme t life since she wrked as a saleswman.
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那个少言寡语的姑娘自从当上售货员后变得活跃了起来。
联想拓展
bring sb./sth. t life使某人/某事苏醒;使生动;使活泼
cme ut 出现;出版;结果是
cme t 加起来总共有(共计);谈到;涉及;突然想到
cme up with 提出;想出
cme abut 发生;产生
cme acrss 偶遇;偶然发现
The dctr brught the patient t life after a few minutes treatment. 经过几分钟的治疗,医生让这个病人苏醒过来。
高手过招
完成句子 (原创)
①春天来临,万物复苏。
Spring is here and everything .
②鲜花可以使沉闷的房间恢复生气。
Flwers can a dull rm back .
答案: ①cmes t life ②bring; t life
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重点句型
8. Whichever and whatever yu like, there is a theme park fr yu! 无论你喜欢哪一个,不管你喜欢什么,都会有一个适合你的主题公园!
whichever 不管哪一个;任何一个。可以引导名词性从句,也可以引导让步状语从句。
Whichever dictinary yu want t buy, I’ll pay fr it.
无论你想买哪本词典,我都愿意付款。(引导让步状语从句)
Yu can chse whichever yu want.
你想要哪一个,就挑选哪一个。
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易混辨析
whichever/whatever
这两个词的意思不同,whichever意为“无论哪个;无论哪些”;whatever意为“无论什么;凡是……的事物”。
whichever/which
whichever可以引导名词性从句或让步状语从句,which是个疑问词;用在疑问句中,或作关系代词,引导定语从句。
n matter which/whichever
n matter which只能引导让步状语从句;而whichever可引导让步状语从句和名词从句。n matter which可以用whichever代替,但两个同时出现在选项中时,必须选whichever。
Page N.572
高手过招
单项填空
①We’ll eat at restaurant has a free table. (2010·01·河北南宫中学检测)
A. which B. whatever
C. whichever D. n matter which
②These wild flwers are s special that I wuld
d I can t save them.
(2009·12·河北石家庄检测)
A. whatever B. that
C. which D. whichever
①解析:选C。介词at 后跟的是宾语从句,故可先排除D项,因为n matter which只可引导让步状语从句。也可排除A项, which是疑问代词,用于陈述句中不合适。句意为:哪个饭馆有空桌我们就在哪儿吃吧。根据句意可知,选C。
②解析:选A。考查关联词引导宾语从句时的用法差异。that引导宾语从句时,只起连接作用,在从句中不充当任何成分。whichever意为“无论哪个”;whatever意为“无论什么”。根据句意可知,选A。
Page N.573
9. Every area f the park is mdelled after life in the days f King Arthur and knights f the Rund Table.
园内所有景区都是按照亚瑟王和圆桌骑士生活的时代复制的。
be mdelled after 根据……模仿;仿造
His vice is mdelled after Xia shenyang.
他的声音是模仿小沈阳。
The painter mdelled his style after that f Picass.
这位画家的风格是模仿毕加索。
高手过招
完成句子
她以她的妈妈为榜样。
She herself her mther.
答案:mdels; after
Page N.574
必修 5
Page N.575
Unit 1 Great scientists
Page N.576
核心单词
1. characteristic
n.特色;特性;典型
adj.特有的,表示特性的;典型的
Kindness is ne f his characteristics.
和善是他的特性之一。
A characteristic f the camel is its ability t live fr a lng time withut water.
骆驼的一个特点是不喝水也能活很长时间。
Page N.577
He prved himself a true gentleman and the beauty f his was seen at its best when he wrked with thers. (2010·01·山东德州检测)
A. Characteristic B. character
C. Appearance D. temper
解析:选B。句意为:他证明自己是个真正的绅士,和别人一起工作的时候,他的性格总表现出最好的一面。character作名词时,表示“性格;特点”,一般是不可数名词;characteristic是可数名词,常用复数形式,表示“总的特点”。
易混辨析
character/characteristic
character n.性格,品质(本身具有的);角色,人物;字体,字符
characteristic n. 特点,特征(用以区别于其他事物的)
高手过招
单项填空
Page N.578
2. defeat
vt.击败;打败;使(计划、希望)落空
Our team defeated ur ppnent by 5:0.
我们队以五比零的比分战胜了对手。
He was defeated in his plan.他的计划失败了。
易混辨析
defeat/cnquer/vercme
三个词都含有“战胜”、“击败”的意思。
defeat指“赢得胜利”,尤其指军事上的胜利,如:defeat the enemy(打败敌人)。
cnquer指“征服;战胜”,尤其指获得对人、物或感情的控制,如:cnquer nature(征服自然)。
vercme指“战胜;压倒;克服”,尤其指“感情”,如:vercme difficulties(克服困难)。
Page N.579
defeat/beat/win
defeat, beat都表示在战斗或竞赛中“战胜,打败(对手)”,后接竞争对手。如:beat the cmpetitr/the cuntry/the team ...打败对手/国家/团队……
win也表示“战胜,赢得”,但它的宾语通常是比赛、战争、奖品或表示尊重、崇拜之类意义的词。如:win a race/a battle/a war/a schlarship/a prize/a medal/success/friendship/reward ...赢得比赛/战役/战争/奖学金/奖品/奖章/成功/友谊/奖赏……
高手过招
选词填空(beat/defeat/cnquer/win) (原创)
①By nt wrking hard enugh yu yur wn purpse.
②Sme cuntries may be but can never be .
③Wh is the drum?
④He the first prize in the writing cntest.
答案:①defeated ②defeated; cnquered
③beating ④wn
Page N.580
3. attend
v. 注意;留意;处理(与t连用)=d with;
出席;到场;照看;照料=take care=lk after
常用结构:
attend schl/cllege 上学/上大学
attend a lecture/meeting 听讲座/出席会议
attend a wedding/ceremny 出席婚礼/参加典礼
attendance n. 出席;出席的人数;伺候;照料
We’ll attend t the prblem later. 稍后我们将关注这个问题。
Which dctr is attending yu? 哪个医生为你看病?
Page N.581
高手过招
翻译句子 (原创)
①他们在我们不在时管理事务。
②他在这个领域很出名,今晚会有成千上万的敬仰者参加他的讲座。
答案:①They attended ur affairs during ur absence.
②He is famus in this field, and tens f thusands f fans will attend his lecture this evening.
Page N.582
4. expse
vt.暴露;揭露;使曝光,常与介词t连用,表示“使暴露于(日光、风雨等);受到风险;使面临”。
常用结构:
expse sth./sb./neself (t ...) 显露或暴露于……
be expsed t 暴露于……
Dn’t expse it t the rain/wind.别让它被雨淋/风吹。
The sldiers in the pen field are expsed t the enemy’s fire. 空地里的士兵暴露于敌人的火力之下。
The crime f the crrupt fficials must be expsed withut any reserve. 对贪官污吏的罪行一定要毫无保留地予以揭发。
Page N.583
高手过招
用expse的适当形式填空(原创)
①In summer, the sun can be very harmful t yur skin.
②The sil was washed away by the fld, bare rck.
答案: ① being expsed t ② expsing
5. cure
vt.&n. 治愈,治疗;常用于“cure sb. f ...”结构中。
The dctr cured her f a bad cld.医生治好了她的重感冒。
It is pssible t cure the sickness.治愈这种疾病是可能的。
Page N.584
易混辨析
cure/treat/heal/recver
cure意为“治疗;治愈”,多用于指药物治疗并治愈某种疾病或改正不良习气。
treat为日常用语,意为“治疗;医治”,指治疗病人的全过程或活动。
heal意为“治愈(伤口);医治”,指治好外伤或烧伤后的部位,使伤口愈合,不用于指治疗感冒等疾病。
recver意为“痊愈,复原”,主要是指从病中痊愈了,常与frm连用。
That pill cured my headache.那种药片治好了我的头疼。
That will cure him f his bad habits.那将改正他的坏习惯。
There are nly tw dctrs t treat mre than 50 patients.
只有两名医生来治疗50多个病人。
The wund n my arm has healed.我胳膊上的伤已痊愈了。
He’s nw fully recvered frm his bad cld.
他现在已完全从重感冒中康复了。
Page N.585
高手过招
完成句子 (原创)
①盘尼西林治好了他的肺炎。
Penicillin his pneumnia.
②事故后卡车司机的擦伤得到了治疗。
After the accident, the lrry driver fr cuts and bruises.
③他手指上的伤口很快愈合了。
The cut n his finger quickly.
答案:①cured him f ②was treated ③healed
Page N.586
6. absrb
vt. 吸收;吸引;吸收(液体,气体,光,声等);汲取,理解(知识等);使全神贯注;吸引(注意等),后常接介词in/by;合并(公司等);吞并;常接介词int;承受;经受。
联想拓展
absrbed adj. 精神集中的
absrbing adj. 十分吸引人的
absrb frm sth. 从……中吸收
be absrbed in 专心于,全神贯注于
Cttn glves absrb sweat. 棉手套吸汗。
S many gd ideas! It’s t much fr me t absrb all at nce. 这么多好主意!我很难一下子完全吸收。
The ld man was cmpletely absrbed in the bk.
老人全神贯注地读这本书。
The surrunding small twns have been absrbed int the city. 四周的小城镇已并入到这座城市中。
Page N.587
高手过招
完成句子 (原创)
①那个人因为看报纸太入神而撞到了墙上。 ,the man walked int a wall.
②他们聚精会神地看着电视里的表演,舍不得离开。
They were the shw n televisin that they fund it hard t pull away.
答案:①Deeply absrbed in the newspaper
②s deeply absrbed in watching
Page N.588
7. blame
vt.责备;谴责;归咎于
n.责怪;(过失、过错等)责任
常用结构:
blame sb. fr (ding) sth. 因(做)某事而指责某人
blame sth. n sb. 因某事而指责某人
sb. be t blame fr(ding) sth. 因(做)某事某人应受到谴责
The student blamed the teacher fr his failure.
学生因失败而责怪老师。
The careless driver is t blame fr the traffic accident happening yesterday.
那个粗心的司机该为昨天发生的交通事故负责。
Wh is t blame fr the failure?
谁该为这次的失败负责?
温馨提示
be t blame 应负责(无被动形式)
Page N.589
高手过招
(1)单项填空
We all feel it is Jack as well as his wife that fr their sn’s bad perfrmance at schl.
(2010·01·陕西西安检测)
A. are t blame B. is t be blamed
C. are t be blamed D. is t blame
(2)翻译句子
①看来霍乱的流行要归罪于饮用水了。 (原创)
②这件事谁也不能怨。
③他指责你玩忽职守。
Page N.590
解析: (1)选D。句意为:我们觉得对于孩子在学校里的不好表现,除了杰克的妻子外,杰克也有责任。be t blame是习惯表达方式,要用主动形式表示被动含义。且主语为Jack,故选D项。
(2) ①It seemed that the water was t blame fr chlera. ②Nbdy is t blame fr it. ③He blames yu fr neglect f duty.
Page N.591
8. link
vt. 连接;联系
n. 环;连接;联系;纽带
常用结构:
link 将……和……连接/联系起来
link up 连接起来
The highway links Shanghai t/with Beijing.
这条公路连接着上海和北京。
Yur stry links up with his.
你所说的和他所说的能联系起来。
A lt f links fitted tgether frm a chain.
许多链环连在一起组成链条。
Old friends are a link with the past.
老朋友是连接往事的纽带。
Page N.592
易混辨析
jin/cnnect/cmbine/unite
jin指的是任何事物的直接连接,连接的程度可紧可松,含有“还能分开”之意。常用结构jin , jin up。
cnnect指的是通过某种媒介物把事物连接起来,事物的特征还保持着,常表示与技术有关的连接以及火车、飞机等实行联运。常用结构cnnect 。
cmbine着重指两个或两个以上的人或事物为了共同的目的而结合在一起,结合后原来的部分可能仍不改变,但也可能失去其本性,常用结构cmbine 。
unite强调紧密地结合成一体,含极难分开之意,常用结构unite 。
Please jin this ple t that ne.
请把这根竿子和那根竿子接起来。
This flight cnnects with New Yrk ne.
这班飞机在纽约可接上另一趟航班。
We shuld cmbine thery with practice.
我们应该理论联系实际。
Page N.593
高手过招
翻译句子 (原创)
①这两个城镇由一条铁路连接起来。
②这些事件之间都有一些微妙的(subtly)联系。
答案: ①The tw twns are linked by a railway.
②These events are all subtly linked tgether.
Page N.594
重点短语
9. put frward
提出(意见、建议);推荐;提名;将表拨快
He put frward a better plan.
他提出了一个更好的计划。
Can I put yu/yur name frward fr glf club secretary?
我推荐你(提名让你)担任高尔夫球俱乐部的秘书好吗?
He puts frward several interesting plans.
他提出了几项令人感兴趣的计划。
It’s an explanatin ften put frward by ur friend.
这是我们的朋友经常做出的解释。
联想拓展
put in 打断;插嘴;进港
put ff 推迟;延期
put n 穿;上演
put away 放好
put dwn 写下
put n weight 发福;长胖
put ut 生产;扑灭
put up 举起;张贴
put back 放回,送回
Page N.595
高手过招
(1)单项填空
At the meeting, he his plan. (原创)
A. lked frward t B. put frward
C. tk frward D. came frward
(2)完成句子 (原创)
她正为选举制度改革提出一些建议。
She is sme prpsals fr electral refrm.
解析:(1) 选B。句意为:在会议上,他提出了他的计划。put frward提出。
(2)putting frward
Page N.596
10. lk int
调查;了解;研究;朝……里面看
联想拓展
lk arund/rund/abut 环顾四周
lk after 照顾;照料
lk back 回头看
lk back t/upn/n 回顾;回想
lk dwn upn 俯视;轻视
lk fr 寻求;寻找
lk frward t 盼望
lk n 旁观
lk 把……看作
lk ut 往外看;注意;当心
lk thrugh 透过……看;浏览
lk up 抬头看;查阅
Page N.597
温馨提示
lk int与ne’s face/eyes等连用,表示“注视”。
He lks int her face with great interest.
他饶有兴趣地注视着她的脸。
Let’s lk int the prblem tgether and figure ut a way t slve it.让我们一起来研究这个问题,想出解决的办法。
Page N.598
高手过招
单项填空
①In ther wrds I shuld nt watch TV, r yur shulder at ther peple while we are talking tgether.(2010·01·江西上高检测)
A. lk ut B. lk int
C. lk at D. lk ver
②There was a fire in the htel. The is nw being lked .(2010·01·山西太原五中检测)
A. reasn; thrugh B. reasn; int
C. cause; thrugh D. cause; int
解析: ①选D。考查短语辨析。lk ut向外看;lk int 调查;lk at看;lk ver从……上看过去。
②选D。cause的意思是“起因”;lk int的意思是“调查”。
Page N.599
11. apart frm
除……之外;脱离开;此外
Apart frm a few faults,he is a trustwrthy teacher.
除了少数的几个缺点外,他是个值得信赖的老师。
Apart frm being t large, the trusers dn’t suit me.
除了太长,这条裤子的款式也不适合我。
There can be n knwledge apart frm practice.
没有知识能脱离实践。
Page N.600
易混辨析
apart frm/except fr/except/besides/but fr/in additin t/except that
apart frm表示“除……外(别无)”时相当于besides和except fr,但apart frm还有“除……以外(还)”之意。另外,apart frm, except fr都可用于句首,但except不能。
except“除……”(不包括其后的宾语),besides“除了……还”(包括其后的宾语)。另外,besides还可以作副词,表示“并且,而且”。
but fr表示“如果不是由于……”之意(=If it were nt fr...或If it had nt been fr...)。
in additin t 相当于besides,表示“除……之外,还有”(包括除去内容在内)。
except that后面跟句子,用来表示理由或细节。
Page N.601
高手过招
(1)单项填空
English, the speaker als has a gd cmmand f Russian and French. (2010·01·河北石家庄检测)
A. Except B. Except fr
C. Beside D. Apart frm
(2)用apart frm/except fr/except/except that/besides填空 (原创)
①We g there every day Mnday.
②He is a gd man his bad temper.
③Yur article is gd there are sme spelling mistakes.
④ the cst, it will take a lt f time.
⑤ that, everything ges well.
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(1)解析:选D。 apart frm相当于besides,意思是“除……外,还有……”。except表示“除……,不包括在内”,从后面的als看,应用besides或apart frm。
(2)①except ②except fr/apart frm
③except that ④Apart frm/Besides
⑤Apart frm/Except fr
12. make sense
讲得通;有道理;有意义(反义词组make n sense)
Yur stry desn’t make sense t me.
你编的故事我听不明白。
It makes gd sense t take gd care f yur health.
照顾好你的身体是明智的。
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联想拓展
lse/recver ne’s sense=be ut f ne’s sense
失去/恢复知觉;丧失/恢复理智
bring sb. t ne’s sense 使某人苏醒过来
cme t ne’s sense 苏醒过来
make sense f 理解;明白
make n sense 没有道理;没有意义
in a/ne sense 从某种意义来说
in all sense 从任何意义上说
in n sense 绝不是;绝非
There is n sense in ding sth.做某事没有道理。
Page N.604
高手过招
单项填空
①What he says makes n t her.
(2010·01·山东济南模块检测)
A. Care B. sense
C. Interest D. meaning
②The pem is hard t understand. Can yu make f this pem? (2010·01·辽宁大连检测)
A. Idea B. knwledge
C. Sense D. Understanding
解析: ①选B。make sense为固定搭配,意思是“起作用,有意义”。
②选C。make sense f sth.“理解或弄懂困难的或无法理解的事物”。另外,sense还可作动词,意为“意识到(某事物);感觉到”。
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重点句型
13. S many thusands f terrified peple died every time there was an utbreak.
每次暴发(霍乱)时,都有大批惊恐的老百姓死去。
本句是一个复合句,every time引导的是一个时间状语从句,意思是“每当……”,相当于“when”。另外,此状语从句中还有一个“there be”结构。S many thusands f terrified peple died是主句。
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联想拓展
类似的时间状语归纳:
each time每次;每当
at the time在那个时候;(当……)的时候
any/next/the first/the last time意为“任何/下一次/第一次/最后一次”。
the mment, the minute, the secnd, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly等都可以引导时间状语从句,意为“一……就……”。
She went t see him directly she gt the letter.
她一收到信就去看他了。
Immediately the meal was ver, he switched n the radi.
一吃完饭他就把收音机打开了。
She came t the scene the mment she heard f the accident.她一听说发生了事故,就立刻赶到了现场。
The last time we talked he said he needed anther tw days.上次我们谈话时他说他还需要两天。
Page N.607
高手过招
(1)单项填空
She said t me, “I’ll tell yu the result f test I knw it.” (2010·01·陕西师大附中检测)
A. Because B. the mment
C. After D. thugh
(2)同义句转换 (原创)
I gave Mary the mney when I saw her.
I gave Mary the mney I saw her.
解析: (1)选B。the mment意为“一……就……”,相当于as sn as。类似用法的连词还有: the minute/instant; instantly/immediately/directly等。
(2)the minute/the mment
Page N.608
14. He placed a fixed sun at the centre f the slar system with the planets ging rund it ...
他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上,而行星则围绕着太阳转……
此句中“with+宾语+宾语补足语(v.ing/v.ed/t d/adj./adv./prep. phrases)”构成的复合结构在句中常用作状语,表示方式,原因或条件等。
With the ld man leading the way, we started twards the frest.在这位老人的带领下,我们开始向森林进发。
She ran and ran with beads f sweat running dwn her face.
她不停地奔跑,汗珠顺着脸颊流下来。
Page N.609
高手过招
翻译句子
①老师微笑着走进教室,身后跟着一群小朋友。
②随着考试的结束,我们的假期开始了。
答案:①With a grup f children fllwing, the teacher came int the classrm with smile.
②With the test finished, we began ur hliday.
Page N.610
Unit 2 The United Kingdm
Page N.611
核心单词
1. cnvenience
n.便利;方便
联想拓展
incnvenience n. 不方便
cnvenient adj. 便利的;适宜的
cnveniently adv. 便利地,方便地
常用结构:
at ne’s cnvenience 在某人方便的时候
fr ne’s cnvenience(f) 为了某人的方便
fr cnvenience’s sake 为了方便起见
make a cnvenience f 利用……
Page N.612
We bught this huse fr its cnvenience.
我们买下这所房子是为了方便。
Please cme at yur cnvenience.
请在你方便的时候来。
Gas is ne f the cnveniences the newlybuilt apartment building prvides.
这幢新造的公寓大楼装有煤气等设备。
Page N.613
高手过招
(1)单项填空
Cme and see me whenever .
(2010·01·江苏南京检测)
A. yu are cnvenient B. yu will be cnvenient
C. it is cnvenient t yu D. it will be cnvenient t yu
(2)翻译句子 (原创)
①你如果方便就来看看我。
②你明天方便开始工作吗?
解析:(1) 选C。cnvenient的主语不可以是人,排除A、B两项。whenever引导的是时间状语从句,其谓语动词要用一般现在时,不可以用一般将来时。
(2)①Cme and see me if it is cnvenient t yu.
②Will it be cnvenient fr yu t start wrk tmrrw?
Page N.614
2. arrange
v. 安排;排列;协商
常用结构:
arrange fr 安排,准备
arrange with sb. abut sth. 与某人商定某事
The child was required t arrange his shes in a neat rw by his parents.家长要求这个小孩把鞋放成整齐的一排。
He was arranged by his family t marry a girl f his wn class.
他家里安排他娶一个门当户对的女孩。
Page N.615
高手过招
翻译句子 (原创)
①你得在会议开始前把书架上的书整理好。
②他们在秘密地为一场盛大的婚礼做准备。
答案:①Yu shuld finish arranging the bks n the shelves befre the meeting.
②They are arranging fr a big wedding secretly.
Page N.616
3. delight
n. 快乐;高兴;喜悦
vt.使高兴; 使欣喜
常用结构:
take/find/have delight in 喜爱;以……为乐
t ne’s delight 令某人高兴的是……
delight in 嗜好;因……感到快乐
Smetimes an ld mvie can still delight the peple wh have a sweet memry fr the ld days.
有时一部旧片仍能给怀念旧时光的人们带来喜悦。
The mvie Xi Yangyang & Hui Tailang gave delight t millins f children.电影《喜羊羊与灰太郎》使千万小朋友获得快乐。
Page N.617
高手过招
(1)单项填空
, the bkseller gave him smething else as a present. (2010·01·安徽合肥检测)
A. T the by’s delight B. T the by’s surprising
C. T the by’s sadness D. T make the by’s happy
(2)翻译句子 (原创)
①他的表演使观众感到满意。
②唱歌是她的主要爱好。
③年轻人喜欢旅行。
解析:(1) 选A。考查固定搭配。t ne’s delight意为“使某人高兴的是”,常用的名词有surprise, excitement, disappintment, jy等。
(2)①He delighted the audience with his perfrmance.
②Singing is her chief delight.
③The yung have/take/find delight in travels.
Page N.618
4. debate
vi.& n.辩论;讨论
常用结构:
debate with sb.abut/ver/n/upn sth.与某人辩论某事
under debate 在辩论中
pen a debate 开始辩论
易混辨析
debate/argue
debate指各自陈述理由,强调公正、公开,气氛较为激烈。
argue意为“说理;争论”,通常指提出理由来支持自己的观点,并企图说服别人,着重使用说理的方式来论证主张。
After much debate,we decided t mve t Beijing.
我们经过充分讨论后决定迁往北京。
They debated abut the prpsal fr three days.
他们为那项计划争论了三天。
I debated the idea in my mind until I feel asleep.
我入睡前一直在思考这个问题。
After a lng debate the bill was passed in Cngress.
经过长时间的辩论后,议案在国会获得通过。
Page N.619
(1)完成句子(原创)
(他们正在讨论)whether t g t the muntain r g t the seaside.
(2)翻译句子
The debate was launched by the Gvernment.
答案:(1)They are debating
(2)这场争论是由政府发起的。
5. influence
n. 影响,有影响的人(或事)
vt. 影响,改变
常用结构:
have an influence n/upn/ver... 对……有影响
under the influence f 受到……的影响
Page N.620
易混辨析
influence/affect/effect
influence指通过说服、举例等对行动、思想、性格等产生不易觉察到的,潜移默化的影响。
affect 指产生的影响之大足以引起反应,着重“影响”的动作,有时含有“对……产生不利影响”的意思。
effect指“实现”、“达成”,着重指“造成”一种特殊的效果。
My teacher’s influence made me study science at cllege.
受我老师的影响,我上大学学了理科。
He was influenced by Michelangel later n.
他后来受到米开朗琪罗的影响。
Africa’s climate is strngly influenced by the cntinent’s psitin n the glbe.
非洲的气候受到它在地球上位置的强烈影响。
Fear affects sme peple by making them pwerless t act.
由于害怕,有些人束手无策。
Page N.621
高手过招
(1)完成句子 (原创)
Prbably we (彼此影响).
(2)用 influence/affect/effect的适当形式填空 (原创)
①This article will my thinking.
②This bk a change in my pinin.
③ by a highschl bilgy teacher, he tk up the study f medicine.
答案:(1)influence each ther
(2)①affect ②effected ③Influenced
Page N.622
6. available
adj.可获得的;可购得的;可找到的
常用结构:
available t sb. 能够被某人所用/为某人所获得的
available fr sth. 能够为……所用的/能够用于……的
available t d sth. 能够用于某目的的
Tickets are available frm the bx ffice.
售票处可以买到票。
He is nt available fr the jb.
他不适合做这个工作。
TV sets are available in any department stres.
电视机在任何一家百货公司里都能买到。
Page N.623
高手过招
翻译句子 (原创)
①The swimming pl is available nly in summer.
②Is the manager available fr the mment?
答案:①这个游泳池只在夏天开放。
②经理此刻有空吗?
重点短语
7. cnsist f
由……组成(用于主动语态)=be made up f
联想拓展
cnsist in 主要是;主要在于
cnsist with 与……一致/与……并存
温馨提示
以上词组都不能用于被动语态。
Our class cnsisted f fifty students at that time.
当时我们班有50个学生。
Page N.624
高手过招
用适当的介词填空 (原创)
①The United Natins Organizatin cnsists ver 160 natins.
②Our greatest happiness cnsists serving the peple.
③Health desn’t cnsist smking.
答案:①f ②in ③with
Page N.625
8. break away (frm)
突然逃掉或离开;断绝往来;挣脱(束缚);脱离;改掉(旧习惯);破除(旧做法)
The thief brke away frm the pliceman.
小偷从警察那里逃脱了。
He brke away frm all his ld friends.
他同所有的老朋友断绝了往来。
Yu must break away frm such habits.
你必须改掉那些习惯。
联想拓展
break dwn 坏掉;打破
break int 闯入;打断(话题)
break int pieces 成为碎片
break ut 爆发
break thrugh 突围;突破
break up 分解;结束;放假
break in 闯入;插话
break ff 中止;中断高手过招
Page N.626
高手过招
(1)单项填空
①News reprts say peace talks between the tw cuntries
with n agreement reached.
(2010·01·河南镇平检测)
A. have brken dwn B. have brken ut
C. have brken in D. have brken up
②He his engagement just befre the wedding. (2010·01·河南郑州检测)
A. brke ut B. brke away frm
C. brke ff D. brke up
(2)用适当的介词或副词填空 (原创)
①Thieves brke the huse when the cuple were watching TV.
②A quarrel brke between them.
③The sldiers brke the enemy’s defence wrks.
④The schl has brken fr the hlidays.
⑤Dad wuld ccasinally break with a suggestin.
⑥Tm brke the dr f ur classrm last week.
Page N.627
解析:(1)①选A。句意为:据报道,两国和平谈判失败,没有达成任何协议。因此,该空应填have brken dwn,表示“(和平谈判)失败”。
②选C。考查短语辨析。break ff(=cease suddenly, discntinue)突然中断,符合句意“就在婚礼前他解除了婚约”。
(2)①int ②ut ③thrugh ④up
⑤in ⑥dwn
9. leave ut
省去;遗漏;不考虑
Yu have left ut the mst imprtant wrd in this sentence.
你在这一句中遗漏了最重要的一个单词。
Dn’t leave me ut when yu invite peple t yur party.
当你邀请人们去参加聚会时,别把我漏掉了。
Page N.628
联想拓展
leave fr 动身到(某处)
leave alne 不管;撇下……一个人
leave aside 搁置
leave behind 遗忘;遗留高手过招
高手过招
(1)单项填空
The printer has left tw lines frm this paragraph.(2010·01·河南洛阳西安检测)
A. ff B. ut C. ver D. with
(2)用适当的介词或副词填空 (原创)
①They were left in the wilderness.
②He was asked t make up the infrmatin left by the leader.
解析:(1) 选B。考查词组辨析。leave ff表示“停止、中断或脱掉”;leave ut表示“漏掉, 忘掉,省略”;leave with常表示“把……留给……”。句意为:印刷的人在这一段中漏掉了两行。
(2)①alne②ut
Page N.629
重点句型
10. There is n need t debate any mre abut why different wrds are used t describe the fur cuntries.
没有必要再去争论为什么要用不同的词去描述这四个国家。
there is n need t d sth.没有必要做某事
联想拓展
there is n dubt that... ………是毫无疑问的
there is n pssibility that... ……是没有可能的
there’s n pint in ding sth. 做……没用/没意义
It’s n gd/ n harm/ n use ding sth.做某事没有好处/害处/用处
there’s n use/n gd/ n pint(in)ding sth.
做某事没有用处/好处/意义
It is n wnder that...难怪……
There is n need t wrry at all.根本没必要着急。
There is n pint in cmplaining; they never take any ntice.埋怨没用,人家根本不理睬。
Page N.630
高手过招
翻译句子 (原创)
①我们有必要再去那一趟吗?
②没必要给他写封信告知这个消息。
答案: ①Is there any need fr us t g there again?
②There is n need t write t him and infrm him the news.
Page N.631
11. It seemed strange that the man wh had develped cmmunism shuld have lived and died in Lndn.这似乎很奇怪:这位发展了共产主义的人竟然在伦敦生活过,并且在伦敦去世。
在“It is/was necessary/imprtant/strange/incredible”及“It is a pity/a shame/n wnder”之后由 that引导的主语从句中用“shuld+v.”的形式,shuld可省略。此处“shuld have+v.ed分词”结构用来表示“竟然已经……;居然已经……”,表示说话人对已经出现的事态感到“惊奇、惊喜、怀疑”等。
It is necessary that he(shuld)be sent there at nce.
有必要马上派他到那里去。
It is strange that the wheel shuld turn s slwly.
真奇怪,这个轮子竟然转动得如此慢。
It is a great pity/shame/that he shuld be s cnceited.
真遗憾,他竟会这样自高自大。
I’m surprised that he shuld have been s flish.
我很奇怪,他竟然会这么傻。
Page N.632
高手过招
单项填空
①—I think I’ll give Bb a ring.
—Yu . Yu haven’t been in tuch with him fr ages.(2010·01·浙江嘉兴检测)
A. Will B. may C. have t D. shuld
② fired, yur health care and ther benefits will nt be immediately cut ff. (2010·01·浙江绍兴检测)
A. Wuld yu be B. Shuld yu be
C. Culd yu be D. Might yu be
解析: ①选D。shuld意为“应该”,多表示某事宜做、应当做或必须做,强调主观方面。根据所提供的情景“Yu havent been in tuch with him fr ages”可知,由于多年没有联系,所以应该给Bb打电话。will意为“将”。may意为“可以”。have t意为“不得不”,表示因客观原因不得不做某事。
②选B。考查虚拟条件句的倒装。虚拟条件句的从句部分含有were, shuld或had时, 可省略if,再把were, shuld或had 移至从句的句首,变为倒装。句意为:即使你被解雇了,医疗保障和其他福利也不会立刻中断。
Page N.633
Unit 3 Life in the future
Page N.634
核心单词
1. impressin
n.印痕;印记;印象;感想
常用结构:
have an impressin f sth./ding sth. 对(做)某事有印象
make an impressin n sb. 给某人留下印象
make n impressin n 对……无影响/效果
give sb.a favrable impressin 给某人留下好印象
an impressin f ne’s ft 某人的脚印
Yur perfrmance gave me a strng impressin.
你的表演给我留下了很深的印象。
What I said made n impressin n him.
我的话对他不起作用。
Page N.635
联想拓展
impress v.留下印象
impress sth.n/upn ne’s mind 把……牢记在心上
高手过招
单项填空
She spke very cnfidently because she wanted t make a great n her emplyer at the first time.
A. Influence B. pressure
C. Impressin D. Effect
解析:选C。make an impressin n sb. 给某人留下印象。
Page N.636
2. lack
v.&n. 缺乏;缺少的东西
注意:lack作名词时,后常接f。lack作动词时,既可作及物动词,也可以作不及物动词,作不及物动词时,后常接fr或in。lack不用于被动语态。
常用结构:
lack sth. 缺少某物
lack fr sth. 缺少;需要
fr/thrugh lack f... 因缺乏……
n lack f... 不缺乏
a/the lack f ... ……的缺乏
He didn’t g there because he lacked curage.
他没去那里,因为他缺乏勇气。
The plant died fr lack f water.植物因缺水而死。
They lacked fr nthing.他们无所需求。
联想拓展
lacking adj. 匮乏的;不足的;没有的
be lacking in 缺乏(品质、特点等)
She seems t be lacking in cmmn sense.
她似乎缺乏常识。
Page N.637
高手过招
(1)单项填空
Thugh mney, his parents managed t send him t university. (2010·01·陕西宝鸡检测)
A. Lacked B. lacking f
C. Lacking D. lacked in
(2)完成句子 (原创)
①因为缺乏兴趣这次旅行被取消了。
The trip was cancelled thrugh .
②他缺乏信心。
He .
解析:(1) 选C。考查分词作状语。his parents与lack之间呈主谓关系,所以应用现在分词作状语;lack作动词时不与f搭配,所以答案选C。
(2)①lack f interest ②lacks cnfidence
Page N.638
3. sight
n. 视力;视觉;看见;光景,奇观;名胜
常用结构:
lse sight f 看不见;忘记;失去
catch sight f sth./sb. 看见某物/人
at first sight 初看之下;乍看起来
at (the) sight f 一看见就……
ut f sight 看不见
be in sight 看得见,在眼前
Out f sight, ut f mind. 眼不见,心不烦。
Last summer we had seen the sights f Beijing.
去年夏天我们游览了北京的名胜。
Cruse was frightened at the sight f a man’s ftprint.
克鲁索看到一行人的脚印,他非常害怕。
Page N.639
高手过招
(1)单项填空
Fr miles arund me there was nthing but a desert, withut a single plant r tree .
(2010·01·陕西商洛检测)
A. in sight B. n earth
C. at a distance D. in place
(2)完成句子 (原创)
我们失去了许多珍贵的动物。
We several precius animals.
解析:(1) 选A。in sight为固定搭配,意为“看得到”;n earth用在疑问句或否定句中,用来加强语气,意为“究竟;到底”;at a distance意为“在远处”。
(2)have lst sight f
Page N.640
4. require
vt. 需要;要求;命令
常用结构:
require that+主语+(shuld)+动词原形 需要某人做某事
require sb. t d sth. 命令某人做某事
require sth.(f sb.) 要求(某人)某事
I will d everything that is required f me.
凡是要求我的事,我都会办到。
The situatin requires that I(shuld)be there.
形势需要我去那里。
Page N.641
温馨提示
require后接宾语从句时,宾语从句必须用shuld d的虚拟语气,其中shuld可以省略。
另外,表示“需要”,且是物作主语时,后接动词 ing形式的主动形式表示被动含义,可以等于不定式被动形式;在这一点上,need和want用法相同。
The huse requires mending.
=The huse requires t be mended. 房屋需要维修。
All cars require servicing regularly.
所有汽车都需要定期检修。
They required him t keep it a secret.
他们要求他对这事保密。
Page N.642
高手过招
单项填空
①In cmpetitin, wmen are required sme f their exercises music.(2010·01·山西平遥检测)
A. perfrm; t B. t perfrm; t
C. perfrming; with D. t perfrm; by
②All the peple present agreed that the matter required . (2010·01·山西太原检测)
A. t lk int B. being lked int
C. t be lked D. lking int
解析: ①选B。be required t d sth.意为“被要求做某事”。第二个空的t是介词意为“随着,伴着”。
②选D。require, want, need表示“需要”,当其主语是动作的承受者时,其后的宾语常用动词不定式的被动形式或动名词的主动形式。
Page N.643
5. assist
vt.&vi. 帮助;援助;参与;出席
常用结构:
assist sb. in/with sth. 帮助(某人)某事
assist sb. in ding sth. 帮助(某人)做某事
assist sb. t d sth. 帮助(某人)做某事
assist with 帮助(照料,做);在……上给予帮助
I am willing t assist yu whenever there is an pprtunity.
有机会我愿随时帮你。
I’m afraid I can’t assist yu, yu have t g and see the manager. 我恐怕帮不上忙,你得去找经理。
The headmaster assists with a lt f things when free.
有空时校长会帮忙做很多事。
Page N.644
高手过招
用assist的相关短语填空 (原创)
①The yung nurse was very nervus when she in her first peratin.
②A team f nurses the dctr perfrming the peratin.
③She emplyed a wman t her the husewrk.
④Gd glasses will yu read.
答案:①was assisting ②assisted; in
③assist; with ④assist; t
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重点短语
6. take up
从事;占(时间、空间、注意力等);继续
This table takes up t much rm. 这张桌子太占地方。
She has taken up a jb as a teacher. 她当上老师了。
This chapter takes up where the last ne ff.
本章继续上一章的内容。
联想拓展
take ff 脱掉(衣服等);起飞;打折;作为折扣而减价
take ver 接管;获得对……的控制或管理
take apart 拆开;分开后将……分成许多部分
take fr 把……视作;误认为
granted 认为……是理所当然
take dwn 写下;记下
take back 收回(诺言)
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高手过招
单项填空
①In Singapre, a sutheastern Asian cuntry, the Chinese peple the largest percentage f its ppulatin, s yu can speak Chinese there. (2010·01·安徽利辛检测)
A. make up B. take up
C. hld up D. turn up
②Since the 2008 Olympic Games Beijing has taken a new lk everywhere. (2010·01·山西四校检测)
Up B. n C. ver D. Off
解析: ①选A。考查短语辨析。make up编造; 弥补; 组成; 构成;take up拿起来; 占据(时间或空间);hld up阻止;turn up开大; 调高; 出现。
②选B。考查短语辨析。take n呈现; take up拿起; 从事; take ff脱下; take ver接管。
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7. sweep up
打扫;横扫
These students are sweeping up dead leaves.
这些学生们正在扫(拢)落叶。
He ran frward and swept her up int his arms.
他跑上前去一把将她抱在怀里。
The whle cuntry was swept up in the excitement.
全国上下都沉浸在兴奋的气氛中。
We’d better sweep up all the bits f brken glass quickly.
我们最好快点把玻璃碴子扫干净。
联想拓展
sweep aside 放/堆到一边; 不予理会
sweep away 扫清;消灭;彻底消除
sweep ff 扫清; 吹走; 大量清除
sweep ut 扫掉; 清除
sweep ver 将……一扫而光; (某种感情)掠过(……的心头)
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高手过招
用sweep up的适当形式填空 (原创)
①After the party, the huse needed .
②The leaves were int the air by the strng wind.
答案:①sweeping up ②swept up
重点句型
8. This is similar t the “jet lag” yu get frm flying,...
这就与你乘坐飞机会产生时差反应相似,……
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联想拓展
when flying是when yu are flying的省略形式。在有些表示时间、条件、方式或让步的状语从句中,如果谓语包含动词be,从句的主语又和主句的主语一致,或者主语是it,通常可以把从句中的主语和be动词省略。
When asked where’s the tilet, the waitress shwed the way plitely t the guest.
当被问及厕所在哪里时,服务员非常有礼貌地给客人带路。
Until finishing the hmewrk, the child was allwed t watch the cartn film.
直至完成作业,小孩才允许看卡通片。
If necessary, yu can call help frm the plice.
有必要时,你可以向警方求助。
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高手过招
翻译句子 (原创)
①即使被打死,他仍然保守秘密。
②可能的话,到机场来接我。
③过马路时,孩子们被要求停下观望,再手牵手通过。
答案: ①Thugh beaten t death, he still kept the secret.
②If pssible, please cme t meet me at the airprt.
③When crssing the rad, the children are required t stp t lk arund and walk hand in hand.
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9. chairs rse frm under the flr as if by magic.
……一些椅子就像变魔术一样从地板下面升了起来。
注意:frm后面有时可接介词短语或where从句。
frm under the flr 从地板下面
联想拓展
frm behind the dr 从门后面
frm under the table 从桌子底下
Frm under the tree the man kept an eye n the sheep.
那个老人从树下留意着他的羊。
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高手过招
单项填空
His head sn appeared ut f the windw, he saw nthing but trees. (2010·01·山西大同检测)
Where B. which C. there D. frm where
解析:选D。该句是非限制性定语从句,尽管先行词可以表示地点,但句中强调目光的发出地,所以应用介词frm+关系副词where。
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Unit 4 Making the news
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核心单词
1. eager
adj. 热切的;渴望的
联想拓展
eager的用法
表示渴望得到某物,后接介词 fr, after, abut;
表示渴望做某事,后接不定式;
后接 that 从句时,从句谓语一般都用“shuld+动词原形”的虚拟语气结构。
We are all eager fr/after/abut knwledge.
我们都求知心切。
He is eager fr/after/abut success. 他渴望成功。
He is eager t g abrad. 他渴望出国。
She is eager t see her parents. 她渴望见到她的父母。
He’s eager that they (shuld) cme t see him.
他很希望他们来看他。
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易混辨析
eager/keen/anxius
eager 指“以巨大的热情渴望实现愿望或达到目标的”,有时也指“由于其他感情影响而表现急不可耐的”。
keen 指“对某人、某物怀有极大兴趣或热情的”。
anxius 指“热切地希望实现愿望,并因顾虑愿望落空而心情不安,感到焦虑的”。
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高手过招
(1)单项填空
He wasn’t with what he had gained and wanted t get mre. (2010·01·河北唐山检测)
A. Prud B. cntent C. eager D. anxius
(2)完成句子(原创)
①She (渴望) new skills s that she can be qualified fr the jb.
②He tk a medical examinatin tw days ag and nw
he (渴望) knw the result.
解析:(1) 选B。be cntent with意为“对……感到满足”。
(2)①is eager fr ②is eager t
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2. meanwhile
adv. 此时;同时;其间
n. 同时(=meantime)
meanwhile意为“同时,在此期间”,作为副词和名词,表示在某动作或情况发生或存在期间将可能发生另一件事。它不用于说明人或事物的另一面。
常用结构:
in the meanwhile 在此期间(=in the meantime)
They’ll be here sn. Meanwhile we’ll have sme cffee.
他们即刻就到,我们现在先喝点咖啡。
Meanwhile, my tngue was busy searching ut the hle where the tth had been.
与此同时,我的舌头正忙于寻找被拔牙齿的伤口。
Meanwhile, tw ther actrs had carried tw large fd baskets t a shady spt under sme trees.
与此同时,另外两位演员把两个盛着食物的大篮子拿到树下荫凉的地方。
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高手过招
(1)单项填空
Mther went shpping; , I cleaned the huse.
(2010·01·河北邯郸检测)
A. While B. when
C. and when D. meanwhile
(2)完成句子 (原创)
简在写信,而与此同时帕特正在看电视。
Jane was writing a letter Pat was watching TV.
解析:(1) 选D。从本句的结构来看,空白处不需要连词,所以选项A、B、C均不正确。
(2)and meanwhile
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3. case
n.事;案例;情形;场合;状况;事实;实情;案件;诉讼;病症;病例
This is a case f stupidity, nt dishnesty.
这只是个愚蠢的例子,并非不诚实。
The plice have a clear case against the prisner.
警察有充足的事实对付那个囚犯。
In this case I’m acting fr my friend Mr Smith.
我在这次诉讼中代表我的朋友史密斯先生的利益。
常用结构:
as is ften the case 这是常有的事
as the case stands 在目前的情况下;就现有的情况而论
in this/that case 如果是这样/那样的话
in any case 无论如何;总之
in case+(that)clause 假使;如果;万一
in case f 万一……;如果发生……
(just)in case 以防(万一) (引导虚拟语气)
in mst cases 在大多数情况下
Take a hat with yu in case the sun is very ht.
倘若太阳照射得很厉害,你就把帽子戴上。
In case f rain they can’t g. 万一下雨,他们就不能去了。
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高手过招
完成句子(原创)
①As yu can imagine, everything in ur schl is (状况良好).
② (如果) snw, yu must put n yur heavy cat.
③Yu shuldn’t speak in class. (如果那样的话), yu can’t hear what the teacher says.
④Yu shuldn’t get angry with yur teacher (无论如何).
⑤ (决不) can yu hurt ur feeling as well as friendship.
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⑥The naughty girl made a face in class yesterday,
(正如往常那样).
⑦Yu shuld take sme measures
(根据具体的情况).
⑧Everything here is nrmal (就目前的情况而言).
⑨Yur article is well written (就所有情况而言).
⑩The little girl hid the stry bk (以防) her teacher wuld see it.
答案:①in gd case ②In case f
③In that case ④in any case
⑤In n case ⑥as is ften/usually the case
⑦as the case may be ⑧as the case stands
⑨in all cases ⑩in case
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4. deny
vt. 否认;否定;拒绝相信;拒绝
He said that I had stlen his bicycle, but I denied it.
他说我偷了他的自行车,可是我否认了。
He denied his cuntry. 他背弃了自己的国家。
He denies his wife nthing. 他对他的妻子有求必应。
常用结构:
deny neself 自制;克己;舍弃
deny ding sth. 否认做过某事
deny sb. sth. 拒绝给某人某物
deny+that 从句否认……
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易混辨析
deny/decline/refuse/reject
deny 指“坚定地否认某事为真实的”。
decline 指“较正式地、有礼貌地谢绝”。
refuse 是普通用语,指“坚决、果断或坦率地(不友善地)拒绝”。
reject指“以否定、敌对的态度而当面拒绝(通过抛弃或送走、专横地拒绝)”, 主语可以是人或物,后接名词,不能接动词不定式。
He asked her t g t the mvies three times, but each time she rejected him.他三次约她去看电影,但每一次都被拒绝了。
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高手过招
用deny/decline/refuse/reject的适当形式填空 (原创)
①The patient’s bdy the heart transplant.
②She t have lunch with us, saying that she wasn’t feeling well.
③He desn’t dare t the charges, des he?
答案:①rejected ②declined ③deny
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5. cver
vi. (常与with连用)盖;覆盖
vt. 包括;涉及;报道
n. 遮盖物;盖子;罩子 (图书、杂志的)封面
The twn cvers 5 square miles. 这座小镇占地5平方英里。
I want t cver 100 miles by dark. 我想在天黑之前走完100英里。
The review cvered everything we learned last term.
这次复习包括上学期我们所学的全部课程。
常用结构:
be cvered with 盖满;覆满;充满(羞惭,慌乱等)
frm cver t cver 从头到尾一页不漏
under the cver f 在……掩护下;打着……的幌子
cver up 完全盖住; 盖好
She cvered the table with a clth. 她用一块布把桌子罩起来。
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高手过招
单项填空
①The wild flwers lked like a sft range blanket the desert. (2010·01·四川雅安检测)
A. Cvering B. cvered
C. Cver D. t cver
②—May I have a talk with ne f yur sprts reprters?
—Srry, but all f them are ut t the main events f the day. (2010·01·吉林通化检测)
Get B. find C. cver D. Search
解析: ①选A。a sft range blanket与cver之间存在主谓关系,因此要用现在分词作定语,它相当于定语从句which/that cvered...而不定式作定语一般表示将要发生的动作,故不能误选D。
②选C。 get得到;让;find找到; cver the events采访事件; search 调查;只有C项符合题意。
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重点短语
6. cncentrate n
集中;全神贯注于
I can’t cncentrate (n my studies) with that nise ging n. 吵闹声不绝于耳, 我无法集中精力(于学习)。
We must cncentrate ur effrts n imprving educatin.
我们必须致力于改进教育工作。
Having failed my French exams, I decided t cncentrate n science subjects. 我因法语考试不及格而决心专攻理科。
This firm cncentrates n the Eurpean market.
这家公司把工作重点集中在欧洲市场。
常用结构:
cncentrate ne’s mind/attentin n (upn)
=fix ne’s attentin n=fcus n=be absrbed in
把注意力集中在
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联想拓展
put ne’s heart int sth. 全身心地做某事
devte neself t sth./ding sth. 把自己奉献给……
cncentrated adj. 极度的; 紧张的; 浓缩的
cncentrated study/hate/effrt
紧张的学习/强烈的仇恨/专心致志的努力
cncentrated fire 集中的火力
cncentrated fd 压缩食品
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高手过招
完成句子 (原创)
① (集中精力)yur study if yu want t catch up with the class.
②He (投身于)helping the peple in need. He set a gd example fr us.
答案:①Put yur heart int/Cncentrate yur mind n
②devted himself t
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7. accuse
因……控告/指责……
I dn’t think anyne can accuse him f nt being frank.
我看谁也不能说他不坦率。
Yu can’t accuse Stephen f rbbing the bank. He was rund at my huse all evening.
你不能控告斯蒂芬打劫银行,他整晚都在我家。
易混辨析
accuse/charge
accuse, charge这两个动词都有“控诉,指控”之意,但它们后面所搭配的介词不同。
accuse v.指控,控诉,常与介词f连用。
charge v.可以指因为小错而受的责备,也可指因违法而受到控告,与介词with连用。
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高手过招
单项填空
The pliceman stpped him when he was driving hme and him f speeding.
(2010·01·浙江杭州检测)
Warn B. accused C. charged D. Deprived
解析:选B。warn sb. f... 警告、告诫某人……;accuse sb. f...控告某人犯有……;charge sb. with... 指控某人犯有……罪;deprive sb. f sth.剥夺某人某物。
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重点句型
8. What d yu imagine will be yur future ccupatin? Suppse yu were t be a jurnalist fr China Daily, d yu knw what kinds f jbs they have?
你认为你未来的职业是什么?假设你即将成为《中国日报》的记者,你知道他们要做哪些类型的工作吗?
“be t+动词原形”的常见用法:
①表示“按计划、安排即将发生某事或打算做某事”。
②指该做或不该做的事情(语气上接近于shuld, must, ught t, have t),表示命令、吩咐或禁止的语气。
③指能或不能发生的事情(接近于can, may),表示可能性。
④表示不可避免将要发生的事情,后来注定要发生的事情。
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⑤用于条件从句,意为“如果想……,设想”(接近if t/if )。
We are t meet at the schl gate. 我们将在学校门口见面。
Yu are t g t bed and keep quiet, kids. Our guests are arriving in less than 5 minutes.
孩子们,你们必须上床睡觉,不准吵闹。我们的客人五分钟之内就要到了。
Hw am I t knw what has becme f him?
我怎么知道他的遭遇?
His discussin with his new bss,Hu Xin, was t strngly influence his life as a reprter.
他同新上司胡新的讨论对他的记者生涯必将产生很大的影响。
If yu are t succeed, yu have t make mre effrts.
如果你想成功的话,你必须更加努力。
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高手过招
单项填空
Greater effrts t increase agricultural prductin must be made if fd shrtage avided.
(2010·01·安徽舒城检测)
A. is t be B. can be
C. will be D. has been
解析:选A。句意为:如果要避免食品短缺,就必须作出更大的努力来增加农业产量。条件状语从句中,要用一般现在时表示将来,故排除C项;B、D两项与句意不符。“be+不定式”可用于条件状语从句中,表示“如果想……”。
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9. A ftballer was accused f taking mney fr deliberately nt scring gals s as t let the ther team win.
一个足球运动员被控受贿,故意不进球,好让另一队赢球。
易混辨析
s as t/in rder t
s as t 意为“为了,目的是”,后接动词原形,在句中作目的状语,其否定形式为s as nt t d sth.,可以转化成s that引导的目的状语从句。
in rder t也可以作目的状语,但是s as t和s that引导的目的状语不可置于句首,且s that 目的状语从句的谓语动词常含有can,culd,may,might等词。
She gt up early in rder t(s as t)catch the early bus.
=In rder t catch the early bus, she gt up early.
为了赶上早班车,她起得很早。
He spke ludly s as t be heard.
他大声说话,以便让人听到。
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高手过招
单项填空
The brilliance f his satires was make even his victims laugh. (2010·01·安徽淮北检测)
s as t B. such as t C. s that D. such that
解析:选B。句意为:他的讽刺太生动了,以至于被讽刺的人都笑了起来。s修饰形容词,such修饰名词或作表语。s that和such that常引导结果状语从句,所以排除C、D两项。
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Unit 5 First aid
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核心单词
1. aid
n.& vi. 帮助;援助;资助
vt.&n. 帮助;援助;救助
They aided fld victims. 他们援助遭受水灾的灾民。
They aided in slving the prblem. 他们帮忙解决这个问题。
常用结构:
first aid 急救
aid sb. 帮助某人
aid sb. with sth. 帮助某人(做)某事
in aid f 支持;为……筹措
aid sb. in (ding) sth. 在……方面帮助某人
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联想拓展
表示一般意义的“帮助”或“援助”时,aid 是不可数名词;表示具体意义的“助手”、“辅助用品”时,aid是可数名词。如:A dictinary is an imprtant aid in learning a new language.(字典是学习一种新语言的重要工具)。用作动词时,搭配为aid sb. t d sth.帮助某人(做)某事(其中的 t 不可省略),也可用于 aid sb. in ding sth.帮助某人(做)某事。
易混辨析
aid/help/assistance
aid 表示经济或其他方面给予的帮助或援助,多指强者(或足够者)援助弱者,多用于团体。
help 指给人精神或物质上的帮助,强调受助者的需要,有利于达到一定的目的或目标。
assistance 多指个人给予道义、知识、物质等方面的帮助,所提供的帮助往往只起辅助作用。
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高手过招
单句改错 (原创)
①The family lived n gvernment aids fr tw years.
②We may travel n/under the aid f a gd map.
③We,ve aided him finish the wrk ahead f time.
答案:①aids→aid ②n/under→with
③finish→t finish或in finishing
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2. injury
n. 损伤;伤害
Many cmmn injuries happen every day in the hme.
家庭中每天都有许多常见的意外伤害。
常用结构:
d sb. an injury 伤害某人
be an injury t sb./sth. 伤害;危害某人/某事
escape injury 免受伤害
repair injury 赔偿损害
serius/severe injuries 重伤
a slight injury 轻伤
In the crash he suffered severe injuries t the head and arms.
在事故中他头部和双臂受了重伤。
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易混辨析
injure/wund/hurt
injure指人在意外事故中受到的伤害,用于无生命物体的损坏,更多用于表示对人的某个部位的损伤。
wund 指利器或子弹对肉体造成的伤害。是出血的、严重的伤,特指战场上的受伤。也指感情受伤。
hurt 指的伤害与injure 同样严重,也可指较轻的疼痛,常指因不小心而引起的痛苦或意外地受到伤害。hurt 也可指对人的感情的伤害。
Yur remark may injure her pride.
你的话也许会伤她的自尊。
Bld gushed frm his wund.血从他的伤口涌出。
Hurt ther peple, hurt yurself.害人害己。
Page N.683
高手过招
选词填空(injure/hurt/wund) (原创)
①Ten sldiers were killed and thirty serius .
②He was deeply by her dishnesty.
③I my back lifting that bx.
④In the traffic accident ten were killed and eight were .
⑤She felt at yur wrds.
⑥The bullet him in the shulder.
答案:①wunded ②hurt ③hurt ④injured
⑤hurt ⑥wunded
Page N.684
3. situatin
n. 形势;处境;事态;局面;位置
易混辨析
situatin/state/cnditin
situatin指一定时期内总的情况、形势、事态,亦可指国际、国内形势,是可数名词。
state用单数形式表示人或事物的情况及状况,如外貌、心理、外观等方面,可与不定冠词连用,常用于in a state f或in a... state。
cnditin的单数形式表示人或物本身的状况,在这个意思上与state相近;而复数形式则指事物之外的环境与情况,与circumstances意思相近。
When he later grew t dislike Eliza, he faced a difficult situatin.
当他接下来对伊丽莎的讨厌与日俱增的时候,他陷入了一种困难的境地。
Page N.685
After that I give the students varius situatins and they make up sentences abut them.
从那以后,我提供给学生各种各样的情境,他们依照这些情境造句。
His business is in a gd state. 他的生意很好。
The cnditin f the huse was s bad that nthing culd make it safe t live in.
房屋的条件太差了以至于不能安全地住在里面。
温馨提示
situatin与cnditin, ccasin, pint, case一样,后常用where, in which引导定语从句。
Can yu imagine a situatin where/in which yu can use the wrd?你能想像出可以使用这个单词的语境吗?
Page N.686
高手过招
用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空 (原创)
①He,s gt himself int a dangerus situatin he is likely t lse cntrl ver the plane.
②I can ,t think f the situatin I meet my father.
③They have t think f a gd idea t cpe with the situatin they face.
答案:①where ②where ③that/which
Page N.687
4. damage
vt.& n. 损害;毁坏
易混辨析
ruin/destry/damage
ruin强调毁灭的彻底性,并且是一次性的行动。这种毁灭也许力量不是很大,但其严重性却使其不能修复,它强调的是毁坏的长期结果。
destry指通过某种有力的或粗暴的手段使之毁灭或无用,一般不能或很难修复,有时用于比喻意义。
damage则指对价值和功能的破坏,多用于无生命的东西,一般还可以修复。
The strm ruined the crps. 暴风雨毁坏了庄稼。
The huse acrss the street is in ruins.
街道对面的房子已是一片废墟。
He has destryed my hpe. 他破坏了我的希望。
Page N.688
The earthquake destryed a lt f buildings.
地震毁坏了许多楼房。
The bridge was damaged by the fld.
那座桥梁被洪水损坏了。
温馨提示
destry只能用作动词,而ruin和damage既能用作动词又能用作名词。
高手过招
单项填空
An earthquake struck this area, a lt f damage. (2010·01·山东青岛二中模块检测)
Making B. causing C. dne D. Caused
解析:选B。make与damage不能搭配使用;“造成损失、损害”用d/cause damage;此处的动词与前面的句子构成逻辑上的主谓关系,所以需用现在分词作结果状语。
Page N.689
5. present
n.礼物;目前
adj.在场;出席;当前的
v.颁发;授予;赠给
常用结构:
be present at 出席
the present day=tday 今天
at present/at the present time=nw 现在
fr the present=fr the time being 暂时
the present 现在(相当于名词)
present sb. with sth=present sth. t sb. 把某物送给某人
presentday attitudes/fashin现在的态度/流行款式
Page N.690
联想拓展
present作动词,表示“给予,赠送”之意,常用于present sth.t sb.或present sb.with sth.搭配中,此外,present作动词还有“呈现,显示;阐述,表达;引见”等意思。
①作形容词既可作前置修饰语,也可作表语,常意为“现存的;现在的;在场的;出席的”等。
②作不可数名词时,表示区别于过去或将来的“现在”;作可数名词时,意为“礼物”。
The same prblem presented itself t her again.
同样的问题又在她身上出现。
He presented the schl with a check fr ne millin dllars.他赠予学校一张一百万美元的支票。
May I present yu t my husband?
我可以把您介绍给我丈夫吗?
We learn frm the past, experience the present and hpe fr success in the future.
我们学习过去,体验现在,希望成就未来。
I gt many presents fr my birthday.我收到很多生日礼物。
Page N.691
高手过招
单项填空
①There are plenty f jbs in the western part f the cuntry. (2010·01·陕西西安二中检测)
A. Present B. available
C. Precius D. cnvenient
②All the peple at the party were all his supprters. (2010·01·江苏南京检测)
A. Present B. thankful
C. Interested D. Imprtant
解析: ①选B。present在场的;available可用的;可得到的;precius珍贵的;cnvenient方便的。根据句意,应选B。
②选A。(be) present at意为“出席、在场”,符合句意。
Page N.692
重点短语
6. fall ill
生病
Hearing the bad news, he fell ill. 听到坏消息后,他病了。
联想拓展
fall behind 落后
fall sick 生病
fall asleep 入睡
fall dwn 掉下;倒塌
fall in lve with ... 爱上……
fall ff 脱落;减少;从……上掉下
fall int the habit f ... 养成……的习惯
fall ver 跌倒;翻倒;落到……上
fall silent 沉默
Page N.693
高手过招
完成句子 (原创)
①不久后他就病倒了,而且一病不起。
He sn after and did nt recver.
②形势严峻,不进则退。
Given the pressing situatin, we must mve frward, r we will .
③这家报纸的发行量开始锐减。
The circulatin f the newspaper began t sharply.
答案:①fell ill ②fall behind ③fall ff
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7. in place
在适当的位置;适当
I like everything t be in place.
我喜欢所有的东西都放在原来的地方。
With everything in place, she started the slide shw.
一切就绪,她开始放幻灯片。
联想拓展
be in/ut f rder 有条理/无条理;坏了
be in/ut f cntrl 正常/失控
be in/ut f danger 有危险/脱离危险
in place f...=take the place f... 代替;取代
give place t 被……取代;让位于……
ut f place 不在适当的位置;
不合适
Page N.695
高手过招
(1)单项填空
His effrts t raise mney fr his prgram were because n ne shwed any intentin t take a cent ut f their pckets. (2009·湖北)
A. in place B. in sight
C. in effect D. in vain
(2)完成句子 (原创)
①你可以用木柴来取代煤。
Yu can use wd cal.
②棉花要取代丝绸。
Cttn is silk.
③你的提议很恰当。
Yur prpsal is quite .
Page N.696
解析:(1) 选D。考查介词短语。根据下文“n ne shwed any intentin t take a cent ut f their pckets”可知,为集资做出的努力都白费了,故选in vain(白费力)。in place在适当位置;in sight 在视线内;in effect 实际上。
(2)①in place f ②taking the place f
③in place
Page N.697
8. make a difference
有很大差别;有很大不同;有很大的关系/影响
Whether he culd get the supprt frm his parents made a great difference t the plan.
他是否能得到父母的支持对这个计划的影响很大。
Des it any difference whether hell attend the meeting?
他出不出席会议有什么区别吗?
联想拓展
make a difference between ... 区别对待……
make sme difference t对…… 有些关系
make n difference t 对……没有关系
make all the difference 关系重大;大不相同
Page N.698
高手过招
翻译句子 (原创)
①这次旅行对他以后的人生很有影响。
②让警察知道一些证据关系重大。
答案:①The travel made a difference t his later life.
②It makes all the difference t infrm the plicemen f sme evidence.
Page N.699
重点句型
9. Remve clthing using scissrs if necessary unless it is stuck t the burn.
除非衣服粘贴在烧伤面上,否则都要把衣服脱掉。如果需要的话,可以使用剪刀。
unless是连词,意为“如果不,除非”。在真实条件句中,unless引导的肯定条件状语从句,可以和引导的否定状语从句互换。
Unless yu change yur mind,I wn,t be able t help yu.
=If yu dnt change yur mind,I wn ’t be able t help yu.
除非你改变想法,否则我不能帮助你。
I want yu t keep wrking unless I tell yu t stp.
=I want yu t keep wrking if I dn’t tell yu t stp.
如果我没说让你停,你就得继续干。
注意:unless 不可用于假想的事情,因此当引导非真实条件状语从句时,一般不可改用unless。
Page N.700
高手过招
单项填空
①All the dishes in this menu, therwise stated, will serve tw t three peple. (2009·全国Ⅱ)
A. As B. if C. thugh D. unless
②Dn’t prmise anything yu are ne hundred percent sure. (2008·浙江)
A. Whether B. after C. hw D. unless
③ yu have tried it, yu can’t imagine hw pleasant it is. (2006·北京)
Unless B. Because C. Althugh D. When
④We dn’t keep winning games we keep playing well. (2006·浙江)
Because B. unless C. when D. While
Page N.701
解析: ①选D。考查状语从句的引导词。句意为:在这份菜单上的所有菜,除非另外说明,会给两到三个人食用。
②选D。句意为:除非你有完全的把握,否则不要做出承诺。unless除非。
③选A。句中unless意为“如果不”,可以与互换。
④选B。unless意为“除非”,强调条件,符合句意。
Page N.702
10. Jhn was studying in his rm when he heard screaming.
约翰正在房里学习,突然听到一声尖叫。
此句型中when作并列连词,相当于and then,意为“正当……时,突然”。
常用结构:
be 正在做……突然……
had 刚做了……突然……
be abut t 刚要做……突然……
be n the pint f ding sth. when... 刚要做……突然……
Page N.703
高手过招
单项填空
①She had just finished her hmewrk her mther asked her t practice playing the pian yesterday.
(2009·福建)
A. When B. while C. after D. since
②We were swimming in the lake suddenly the strm started.
A. When B. while C. until D. befre
③I alng the street lking fr a place t park when the accident .
A. went; was ccurring B. went; ccurred
C. was ging; ccurred D. was ging; had ccurred
解析: ①选A。由句意可知此处when用作并列连词,意为“这时”。②选A。when作连词,表示“正在这时”。句意为:我们正在湖中游泳,突然暴风雨来了。③选C。主句要用过去进行时,表示当时正在路上走着;when引导的从句多用一般过去时。
Page N.704
选修 6
Page N.705
Unit 1 Art
Page N.706
核心单词
1. faith
n. 信任;信念;信心
常用结构:
break nes faith with sb. 对某人不守信用
keep faith with sb. 守信于某人
lse faith in 不再信任
have faith in 相信; 信任
in gd/bad faith 真心诚意/虚情假意
Page N.707
高手过招
单项填空
Abve all, yu shuld have faith yurself.
In B. with C. f D. Fr
解析:选A。have faith in 相信,信任。句意为:首先,你必须要相信自己。故A项符合句意
After repeated failure, he lst faith in himself.
不断的失败之后,他对自己失去了信心。
Faith can remve muntains. 信仰能移山。
Never break faith, r yu will lse all yur friends.
不要背信弃义,否则你将失去所有的朋友。
Page N.708
2. aim
n. 目标;目的
vi.&vt. 瞄准;(向某方向)努力
What is yur aim in life?
你生活的目标是什么?
常用结构:
take aim (at) 瞄准……
aim at 向……瞄准;旨在,针对
aim high 胸怀大志;心气很高
He aimed the gun at the enemy fficer.
他用枪瞄准了敌人的军官。
Our factry must aim at develping new mdels f machines.
我们的工厂必须致力于研制新型机械。
Page N.709
高手过招
(1)单项填空
①The Hpe Prject helping build schls in the pr areas.
A. Aims B. aims t
C. is aimed t D. is aimed at
②—What is yur in this Olympic Games?
—T win the gld medals.
A. Attentin B. idea C. pinin D. aim
(2)完成句子
①This antismking campaign mainly (针对) yung teenagers.
②The hunter (瞄准)the lin and fired.
③He (力求)at accuracy.
④He culd nt (瞄准)straight.
⑤He is leading a life withut (目标,方向).
Page N.710
解析:(1)①选D。考查aim的固定搭配。be aimed at旨在,目的是。
②选D。考查词义辨析。attentin注意力;idea想法;pinin 观点;aim目的,目标,打算。
(2)①aims at ②aimed at ③aimed ④aim ⑤aims
Page N.711
3. cnsequently
adv.&cnj. 所以,因而(=therefre)
Mr Fster has never been t China. Cnsequently he knws very little abut it.
福斯特先生从未去过中国,所以对中国了解得很少。
联想拓展
be cnsequent n/upn 因……引起的;
是……的后果
cnsequence n. 后果;结果;重要性
be f cnsequence 重要的
as a cnsequence=as a result 结果
in cnsequence 由于
as a cnsequence f=as a result f 作为……的结果
in cnsequence f 由于;作为……的结果
He is a man f great cnsequence.
他是一个重要的人物。
Page N.712
高手过招
单项填空
The rain yesterday was heavy. , the rads were flded.
A. As a result f B. As a cnsequence
C. Cnsequence D. In cnsequence f
解析:选B。此处为“结果”之意,作插入语,应用相当于副词的短语,as a cnsequence= cnsequently。
Page N.713
4. pssessin
n. (尤作复数)所有;财产
常用结构:
in pssessin f sth. 拥有/占有某物
in the pssessin f/in nes pssessin 被……拥有
take/gain/get/have pssessin f sth. 拥有某物
When his father died, he came int pssessin f a large frtune. 父亲死后,他拥有了一大笔遗产。
The peple had t gather up their few pssessins and escape frm the hills.
人们不得不收拾仅有的财产,逃下山去。
联想拓展
pssess vt. 拥有;具有;支配
Page N.714
高手过招
完成句子
①那幢房子归我所有。
The huse is / .
②我们直到签订了所有的文件,才能拥有这座房子。
We can’t the huse until all the papers have been signed.
答案:①in my pssessin/in the pssessin f me
②take pssessin f
Page N.715
5. cncentrate
vt. 集中,浓缩
常用结构:
cncentrate n/upn 集中在; 专心于
cncentrate nes attentin/mind n 注意力集中在……
I quickly cncentrated the camera n the children.
我迅速把照相机的镜头对准孩子们。
联想拓展
pay attentin t 注意
fcus n 集中(注意力,关心)于……
fix ne’s attentin/eyes/mind n
集中精力/目光/心思在……
The children fixed their eyes n the teacher in class.
孩子们聚精会神地听老师讲课。
Page N.716
高手过招
单项填空
All her energies are upn her children and she seems t have little time fr anything else.
A. Aimed B. cncentrated
C. Guided D. Directed
解析:选B。cncentrate energies upn sth.表示“把精力集中在某事上”。aim可以与at搭配;direct可以与t搭配,表示“把精力集中在……上”。
Page N.717
6. attempt
vt. 尝试;企图
n. 努力;尝试;企图
常用结构:
attempt t d/ding
=try t d/ding
=make an attempt t d/ding 尝试做……
at ne’s first attempt 某人第一次尝试
in an attempt t d sth. 试图做某事
make an attempt n sb.’s life 企图谋杀某人
attempt at/n sth. 试图做某事
Page N.718
They attempted t finish the task befre July.
他们试图在七月以前完成这项任务。
They attempted n the life f the dictatr.
他们试图杀死这个独裁者。
He made an attempt n the wrld recrd.
他试图打破世界纪录。
Her attempt at petry was a failure.她尝试写诗但失败了。
易混辨析
attempt/try/manage
attempt为正式用语,常指一次的而不是连续的尝试,往往暗示这种尝试达不到目的,常包含“冒险”的意义。
try为一般用语,指为成功做某事而付出努力或花费一定代价;后接不定式时表示“试图做某事”;后接动名词时表示“试着做某事”。
manage表示“成功地做成某事”,强调结果。
Page N.719
高手过招
单项填空
He t escape frm the prisn, but he culdn’t find anybdy t help him.
Succeeded B. attempted C. advised D. Thught
解析:选B。句意为:他企图越狱,但找不到人帮他。attempt t d sth.试图做某事。
7. scre
n. 二十;划痕, 刻线; 欠帐; 得分, 成绩; 评分;乐谱
v. 划线,做记号;记分,得分;谱曲
Ya Ming scred again in the secnd half.
姚明在下半场时再次得分。
常用结构:
three scre (f) peple 60人
make a gd scre 得分多;成绩好
in scres 很多的, 大批的
scre ut 划掉,删去
Page N.720
联想拓展
screbard n. 记分板/牌
screr n. 记分员;得分的运动员
scres f 很多(前面不能加数词)
温馨提示
数词+scre,不加f;但用a scre f。
scre前有数词修饰,而且scre后所修饰的名词前有the, thse, these等表示限定的词时,必须加f。
Page N.721
高手过招
单项填空
Shrtly after the fld. Tw plice were sent t the spt t keep rder.
A. scres f B. scres
C. scre f D. Dzens
解析:选C。dzen和scre前面有具体数字时,它们后面不用复数。正确的表达为:tw scre (f) plice四十名警察; tw dzen plice 24个警察。
Page N.722
重点短语
8. a great deal
大量,许多
We are living clse t each ther, s I see him a great deal.
我们住得很近,所以我经常碰到他。
联想拓展
量词短语归类:
修饰可数名词复数的:many, a gd/great many, a great/large(small) number f, hundreds (thusands/millins/billins) f, dzens f, scres f。
修饰不可数名词的:a great/gd deal f, much, much f, a large/great amunt f。
修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词的:a lt f, lts f, plenty f, half f, part f, ne third f, f。
Page N.723
温馨提示
a great deal 可在句中作状语,修饰动词或形容词和副词的比较级,此时不加f。
deal用来表示“大量,相当多”时不用 large修饰,而习惯用 great/gd来修饰。
a great deal f表示“许多”时,只能修饰不可数名词。
高手过招
单项填空
We waited fr the reprt f exam with anxiety.
A. a great deal f B. a great number f
C. a great many D. a plenty f
解析:选A。此处anxiety为抽象名词,排除B、C两项; D项应该为plenty f。
Page N.724
重点句型
9. Amng the painters wh brke away frm the traditinal style f painting were the Impressinists, wh lived and wrked in Paris.
在那些突破传统画法的画家中有生活和工作在法国巴黎的印象派画家。
关于倒装句:
表示方位的副词或介词短语位于句首,主语是名词,谓语是不及物动词,如 cme, g, stand, sit, lie 等时,句子经常采用全部倒装的形式。
In frnt f the huse sat a small by.
房前坐着一个小男孩。
There cmes the bus. 车来了。
Under the tree stand my English teacher and sme f my classmates.
树下站着我的英语老师和几个同学。
温馨提示
如果主语是代词,而不是名词,句子不用倒装。
Here yu are. 给你。
Page N.725
高手过招
单项填空
At the ft f the muntain .
A. a village lie B. lies a village
C. des a village lie D. lying a village
解析:选B。因为倒装句是把谓语的一部分或者全部提前,因此决定谓语动词单复数的还是后面的主语。本句就是全部倒装的典型例子。
Page N.726
Unit 2 Pems
Page N.727
核心单词
1. cnvey
vt. 运送;传达;表达;转让(财产等)
常用结构:
cnvey sth. t sb. 向某人传达/运送某物
cnvey sth./sb. t smeplace 把某物/某人送到某地
cnvey ne’s feelings/thanks t sb. 向某人表达某种感情/谢意
Passengers are cnveyed by bus t the airprt.
旅客们被公共汽车送往机场。
A wire cnveys an electric current.
电线传导电流。
Page N.728
I fund it hard t cnvey my feelings in wrds.
我觉得难以用语言表达我的感情。
The ld farmer cnveyed his farm t his sn.
老农夫将农场转让给儿子。
易混辨析
cnvey/transfer/transprt
cnvey基本含义指将物体从一地运送到另一地,或指语言、信息等的传递。也可表示财产的转让,但该词更强调通过法律手段转让财产或某种所有权。
transfer主要指工作地点的变换、住所及物体的转移,还可指旅途中交通工具的变换,如转车、转船等。也可指把财产转让给他人。
transprt基本含义是运送。但该词通常局限于用交通工具运输货物和人。
Page N.729
高手过招
完成句子
①言语无法表达我对她有多么的生气。
hw angry I am with her.
②管道将燃气从工厂传送到每家每户。
frm the pwer plant.
答案:①Wrds can nt cnvey
②Pipes cnvey gas t every family
Page N.730
2. transfrm
v. 变成,彻底改变;转换;转化;改造
常用结构:
transfrm ... 使……变成……
transfrm ne’s life 改变某人的一生
transfrm t a new place 搬到新地方
be transfrmed frm 由……变成……;
由……迁到……
be transfrmed frm A t B 由A处迁到B处
Hard wrk transfrmed her cmpletely int an rdinary husewife.
艰辛劳动彻底把她变成了一个普通的家庭妇女。
The cmpany is transfrmed frm a family business int ne with 5,000 laburs.
这家公司已从家族企业变成一家拥有5,000名员工的大公司。
联想拓展
transfrmatin n.改革;转变;变化
Page N.731
高手过招
单项填空
The Greens have their garage int a guest huse.
A. Transfrmed B. transmitted
C. Transprted D. Translated
解析:选A。考查词义辨析。transfrm 使(形状、姿态、性质、机能等)改变,transfrm ...把……改变成……,故A项符合句意。transmit传送;传导;传达;transprt 输送;运输;translate 翻译,皆不符合句意。
Page N.732
3. apprpriate
adj. 适当的;正当的
v. 侵吞;盗用;挪用;拨(专款等)
Fill in each f the blanks with an apprpriate wrd.
在每个空白处填入一个适当的单词。
The mayr was fund t have apprpriated gvernment mney.
市长被查出挪用了公款。
常用结构:
an apprpriate respnse/measure/methd
恰如其分的反应/恰当的措施/方法
be apprpriate t/fr 适于;合乎
It is apprpriate that ... (从句中用可以省略shuld的虚拟语气形式)
The gvernment apprpriated a large sum f mney fr building hspitals.
政府拨了一大笔钱用来建造医院。
Page N.733
联想拓展
apprpriately adv. 适当地
高手过招
单项填空
His casual clthes were nt fr such a frmal ccasin.
ready B. gd C. special D. Apprpriate
解析:选D。句意为:他的休闲装不适合这样的正式场合。ready 准备;gd好的;special 特别的;apprpriate合适的。
Page N.734
4. lad
n. 负荷物(尤指沉重的),载重物;压力,负担,工作量
v. 装载;给……负荷
常用结构:
a lad f= lads f =plenty f 大量,许多
take a lad ff ne’s mind 打消某人的顾虑
a heavy lad fr 对某人是一件重负
lad (up) ... 用……装……
lad ... 把……装到……上去
lad ff ne’s mind 去除某人的精神负担
Supprting such a large family is really a heavy lad fr her.
她养这么一大家子,负担真的很重。
I had lads f fun tday.
我今天玩得很开心。
She laded film int the camera.
她把胶卷装到照相机里。
Page N.735
温馨提示
lad为及物动词,后面必须接宾语,否则要用被动语态。
常见结构为:lad (up) A with B或lad (up) B nt (int) A;被动形式:A is laded (up) with B或B is laded (up) nt A。
高手过招
单项填空
He has gt mney frm his uncle.
A. a large amunt f B. lads f
C. a lad f D. All abve
解析:选D。lads f 和a lad f表示“许多的,大量的”,既可修饰可数名词,又可修饰不可数名词。a large amunt f只能修饰不可数名词,故选D项。
Page N.736
5. exchange
n. 交换;交流;互换
vt. & vi. 调换;交换
An exchange f pinins is helpful.
相互交换意见是有益的。
An exchange f prisners during a war is unusual.
战争时期很少交换俘虏。
We’ll have an pprtunity t exchange views tmrrw.
明天我们将有机会交换看法。
The stre will nt exchange gds withut a receipt.
这家商店没有收据不予调换商品。
常用结构:
exchange sth. with sb. 和某人交换某物
in exchange fr 交换
exchange sth. fr sth. 用某物交换某物
exchange lks 交换眼色
exchange infrmatin 交流信息
exchange greetings 互相问候;打招呼
exchange wrds 相互交谈
Page N.737
高手过招
用适当的介词填空
①I shk hands and exchanged a few wrds the manager.
②Yu can exchange yur currency dllars in the htel.
③Wuld yu like my ld TV in exchange this camera?
答案:①with ②fr ③fr
Page N.738
重点短语
6. take it easy
轻松;不紧张;从容
Take it easy. We’ll take care f everything.
放心好了,一切由我们照料。
Yu shuld take it easy this weekend.
这个周末你应该放松一下。
Take it easy, and yu will make it.
别紧张,你会成功的。
联想拓展
take things easy 别紧张,慢慢来;从容不迫地进行工作
take ne’s chance 碰运气
take ne’s time 不匆忙;别着急;慢慢来
take sb. Wrng 误解(曲解)某人的意思
take sth. Seriusly 认真地对待某事
Page N.739
高手过招
单项填空
—It can’t be t wrse.
—Just , things will turn ut t be better s lng as yu dn’t stp trying.
A. be all right B. take yur time
C. ignre it D. take it easy
解析:选D。句意为:——糟透了。——沉住气,只要不放弃,事情会变好的。take it easy表示安慰,别紧张,沉住气。
Page N.740
7. run ut f
用完
We are running ut f ur mney.
=Our mney is running ut.
我们的钱快花光了。
I run ut f breath.
我跑得喘不过气来。
联想拓展
run ut f 意为“用完了”,是及物动词短语,表示主动意义,主语一般是人。
run ut=becme used up,意为“……用完了”,是不及物动词短语,其主语通常为时间、食物、金钱等名词。
其他有关短语:
run shrt f sth. 缺乏,短缺
run shrt 不足;短缺
give ut (为不及物动词短语)用尽;分发;宣布;发出;精疲力竭
use up (为及物动词短语)用完,消耗尽
Page N.741
(1)单项填空
Can yu spare me sme paper? Mine .
A. has run ut B. has used up
C. has run ut f D. is run ut
(2)翻译句子
旅行将要结束时,食物已经吃完了。
解析:(1) 选A。空格前为mine 作主语,相当于my paper;run ut需要物作主语,而D项时态不对。
(2)Fd supplies had run ut tward the end f the trip.
Page N.742
8. make up f
组成……;构成(常用于被动结构)
Girl students make up 40% f the student number.
女学生占学生总数的40%。
The medical team is made up f five dctrs and ten nurses.
这支医疗队由5名医生,10名护士组成。
联想拓展
make up 构成,组成;编造;化装
make up fr sth. 弥补
be made up f= cnsist f ...由……构成,组成
be made f 由……做成(看得出原材料的样子)
be made frm 由……做成(看不出原材料的样子)
make ut 分辨,辨认出
be made in 在……(地方)做成
be made by 由……(某人)制造
make twards sth./make ne’s way t
向……移动,朝……走去
I’ll try t make up fr the lst time. 我要尽力弥补失去的时间。
Page N.743
高手过招
单项填空
Everyne in ur class likes Mary because she is gd at telling and jkes.
A. turning up B. putting up
C. making up D. shwing up
解析:选C。按照句意此处有“编造笑话”之意。turn up出现,将……调大;put up张贴;shw up 出现。
Page N.744
9. let ut
发出;放走
Every time she mved her leg, she let ut a man.
每次她动一下腿,就会发出一声呻吟。
Dn’t let ut the plan t the press.别把这项计划泄露给媒体。
He let ut the bird frm the cage.他把鸟从笼子里放走了。
联想拓展
let dwn 放下;使失望;给轮胎放气
let alne 更不用提;更别说
let ne’s hair dwn 无拘无束;放松一下
let g 放开;松手
let it g 算了;放手
let in 让……进来;放……进来
let ff 放(炮);投放(炸弹);宽恕
Page N.745
高手过招
单项填空
He accidentally he had quarreled with his wife and that he hadn’t been hme fr a cuple f weeks.
A. let ut B. tk care
C. made sure D. made ut
解析:选A。考查动词短语辨析。let ut 在本句中为“泄露”的意思。take care 小心,注意;make sure 确信;make ut 辨别出,理解。
Page N.746
10. stay up
挺住;站立;熬夜;不睡觉
Our flag still stayed up after many attacks f the enemy.
经过敌人的数次进攻之后,我们的红旗依然挺立。
He stayed up late int the night yesterday.
昨天他一直熬到深夜。
联想拓展
stay ahead (f) (比……)领先; (走在……的)前面
stay away (frm) 不在; 外出; 走开; 别接近
stay behind 留下来不走;留在后面
stay ut 在外;不在家
stay still 静止不动
Page N.747
高手过招
单项填空
It is yur wn fault that yu are s tired. Yu ughtn’t t have s late.
A. stayed up B. wke up
C. made up D. turned up
解析:选A。词语辨析题的关键是把握各个选项的意思,然后依据情景选择。stay up late意思是“熬夜到很晚”。
Page N.748
重点句型
11. And said thugh strange they all were true.
尽管有点奇怪,但这些都是真实的。
联想拓展
在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,如果从句的主语与主句的主语相一致,且从句含动词be时,从句可用省略主语和动词be 的形式。
在when it is+adj. 结构中,it is也经常省略。
I’ll g t Marys birthday party if invited t.(if invited t等于if I’m invited t)
如果受到邀请的话, 我就去参加玛丽的生日聚会。
What were yu ding while staying at the htel?(while staying ...等于while yu were staying ...)
待在宾馆的这段时间你在干什么?
Whenever (it was) pssible, they wuld stp him and ask him the questin.
只要可能,他们就会让他停下问他这个问题。
Page N.749
温馨提示
在条件状语从句、让步状语从句、方式状语从句中,也经常采用这种省略的形式。
高手过招
单项填空
When help, ne ften says “Thank yu.” r “It’s kind f yu.”
Offering B. t ffer C. t be ffered D. Offered
解析:选D。首先要依据省略规则分析省略了什么。When ffered等于When ne is ffered。ne是ffer动作的被执行者,因此要用过去分词。
Page N.750
Unit 3 A healthy life
Page N.751
核心单词
1. stress
n. 压力;重音
vt. 加压力于;使紧张
T much wrk and stress des damage t yur health.
过量的工作和压力会对你的健康有害。
In the wrd “mther” the stress is n the first syllable.
在“mther”这个单词中,重音在第一个音节上。
常用结构:
under stress 在压力之下
under the stress f 在……的压力下
stress sth.或lay/place/put stress n sth.
强调某事物;给某物压力
Page N.752
The weight f snw stressed the rf t the pint f cllapsing.雪的重量压得屋顶快要塌了。
联想拓展
stressed adj. 焦虑不安的;心力交瘁的
stressful adj. 压力大的;紧张的高手过招
Page N.753
答案:①The teacher stressed the imprtance f learning English.
②We put ff the sprts meeting under the stress f the bad weather.
2. accustm
vt. 使习惯于
常用结构:
accustm neself t
=be accustmed t (其中t为介词)习惯于……
These peple accustmed themselves t hard wrk.
这些人习惯于艰苦的工作。
I am nt accustmed t being interrupted.
我不习惯被别人打扰。
He is accustmed t lneliness.
他对孤独已经习以为常。
Page N.754
联想拓展
表示“习惯于……”的短语还有:
be/get used t ding
adapt neself t ding
adjust neself t ding
高手过招
完成句子
①他的妈妈习惯于早起。
His mther getting up early.
②你会很快适应这里的气候。
Yu will sn the climate here.
答案: ①is accustmed t ②get accustmed t
Page N.755
3. quit
vt. 停止(做某事);离开
常用结构:
quit smething 离开……
quit ding smething 停止做某事
He gt his present jb when he quitted the schl.
他退学后得到现在这份工作。
Quit talking rubbish.
别胡说八道了。
Page N.756
高手过招
(1)单项填空
Dctrs are ding research t find ut what happens physically when peple smking.
A. Quit B. decline C. depart D. reserve
(2)翻译句子
①发现不良习惯时我们必须及时改正。
②我根本就没法戒掉看电视。
解析:(1) 选A。句意为:医生正在对人们戒烟后身体上发生什么变化进行研究。decline下倾,下降,下垂;depart离开,起程;reserve储备,保存,预约。根据句意且主语是人可知,是停止吸烟。
(2)①We must quit bad habits as sn as we find them.
②I can nt quit watching TV.
Page N.757
4. ashamed
adj.感到羞耻的;感到惭愧的(常作表语)
常用结构:
be/feel ashamed f (ding) sth./sb./neself
为做某事/某人/某人自己而感到惭愧
be ashamed t be/t d sth. 因难为情而不愿意做……
be ashamed that ... 为……而感到惭愧或羞耻
be ashamed fr sb. 替某人感到惭愧
I behaved badly yesterday and I am ashamed (f myself) nw.
我昨天表现得不好,现在感到很惭愧。
She was ashamed t ask such a simple questin.
她不好意思提这么简单的问题。
Page N.758
易混辨析
ashamed/shameful/shameless
ashamed 指事情使人感到羞耻,惭愧,难为情等。
shameful 指事情或行为本身不道德。
shameless指某人或行为是可耻的。高手过招
高手过招
单项填空
I was ashamed lied t my mther.
t be B. f having C. that D. f being
解析:选B。句意为:我向母亲撒了谎,我感到很惭愧。A项虽有be ashamed t d 形式,但后面是lied,所以应排除,同样排除C和D,考查的是be ashamed f having dne结构。
Page N.759
5. effect
n. 结果,效力;作用;影响(后接n/upn)
I tried t persuade him, but with little effect.
我尽力劝他,但他根本不听。
An effect presuppses a cause.
有果必有因。
常用结构:
have an effect n=have an influence n=have an impact n 对……有影响
put/bring/carry effect 付诸实施
in effect 事实上;实际上
take effect 生效;奏效
cme int effect 开始实施;开始生效
This had a great effect upn the future f bth mther and sn.这对母子俩的将来影响很大。
The medicine began t take effect.药力开始生效了。
Page N.760
高手过招
翻译句子
这个计划没有取得预期的效果。
答案: The plan failed t/didn’t achieve the desired effect.
6. risk
n. 冒险;风险
vt. 冒……风险; 冒……的风险
常用结构:
at risk 处于危险之中
at all risks=at any risk 无论冒什么险;无论如何
at ne’s wn risk 由自己负责,自担风险
at the risk f ding sth. 冒着……的危险
risk ne’s life 冒生命危险
run/take a risk/risks 冒风险
run the risk f ding sth. 冒着……的风险
risk ding sth. 冒险做……
Page N.761
If yu dn’t bey me, yu shuld be at yur wn risk.
你如果不服从我的话,你应该自担风险。
They knew they risked being arrested.
他们知道自己冒着被捕的危险。
高手过招
单项填空
He risked his jb t see me ff.
A. Lsing B. t risk
C. being lst D. Lst
解析:选A。risk ding sth.冒险做某事。
Page N.762
重点短语
7. due t
由于……;因……造成;归功于;应给予;应属于
Due t the fggy weather, the traffic mved very slwly.
由于有雾,车辆行进缓慢。
Our happy childhd is due t ur father’s hard wrk.
我们幸福的童年应归功于父亲的辛勤工作。
The failure is due t his carelessness.
失败是由于他的粗心造成的。
Page N.763
联想拓展
表示“由于”的短语还有:
because f因为,由于,常用作状语;
n accunt f 比because f更正式,多用于书面语中;
wing t构成的短语作状语,既能指积极的原因,也可指消极的原因;
thanks t由于,多亏,常用于书面语,多表示正面的情况,有时也表示反面的情况;
as a result f由于;
in/as cnsequence f由于……的缘故,常用于书面语中;
in view f由于;鉴于(书面语)。
Page N.764
高手过招
单项填空
The great success f this prgramme has been largely
the supprt given by the 10 lcal business men.
A. instead f B. thanks t
C. due t D. as a cnsequence
解析:选C。instead f而不是;thanks t因为,多亏了,常置于句首;as a cnsequence 结果,不用作表语。句意为:这个项目的巨大成功主要是由于当地10位商界人士所提供的支持。
Page N.765
8. be addicted t
对……上瘾;入迷;沉溺于(其中t为介词)
常用结构:
be addicted t sth./ding sth.=addict neself t sth./ding sth. 沉溺于某种嗜好;醉心于某种活动
Schlbys are easier t be addicted than schlgirls t net.
男生比女生更容易上网成瘾。
He was addicted t ccaine.
他吸可卡因上瘾。
He was addicted t gambling.
他赌博成瘾。
联想拓展
addict vt. 使……成瘾
addict n. \[C\] 入迷的人;有瘾的人
addictive adj. 使成瘾的;上瘾的
addictin n. 沉溺;成瘾;上瘾;入迷
Page N.766
高手过招
单项填空
Althugh she is nly 17 years ld, she drugs fr tw years.
A. Addicts B. has addicted t
C. has addicted D. has been addicted t
解析:选D。句意为:尽管她只有17岁,却有两年的毒瘾了。be addicted t对……上瘾;其中addicted是形容词,前面应有系动词be。
Page N.767
9. in spite f
不顾;不管
I went shpping in spite f the rain.
尽管下雨,我还是出去买东西了。
I knw whatever yu try, yu’ll win in spite f early difficulties.
我知道你无论做什么,不管最初多么困难,最终都会成功的。
In spite f the bad weather, we went fishing.
我们不顾恶劣的天气仍去钓鱼。
易混辨析
in spite f/despite/thugh/althugh
这四个词(组)意思相近,但in spite f/despite后跟名词或动名词。而thugh/althugh是连词,引导让步状语从句。
Page N.768
高手过招
完成句子
尽管付出了巨大的努力,我们还是没能实施我们的计划。
great effrts we failed t carry ur plans ut.
= great effrts we failed t carry ur plans ut.
= we made great effrts we failed t carry ur plans ut.
答案:In spite f; Despite; Althugh/Thugh
Page N.769
10. get int
陷入;染上(坏习惯)
I’m really getting int jazz these days.
近来我喜欢上爵士乐了。
I haven’t really gt int my new jb yet.
我还没有真正熟悉我的新工作。
常用结构:
get int debt 负债累累
get int truble/deep water 陷入困境
get int the habit f 养成……的习惯
Nbdy likes t get int truble.
没有谁愿意惹麻烦。
Page N.770
联想拓展
get alng/n (with) 生活;融洽相处;进展;有起色
get away 逃脱;离开;把……送走
get dwn (从……)下来;吞下;写下;使沮丧
get dwn t 开始认真考虑
get in 进入;到达;收获;插入;陷入
get ff 下来;脱下;出发;开始
get n 上车
get n with sb. 与某人相处
get ver 爬过;克服;熬过;恢复
get rid f 摆脱,除去
get thrugh 到达;做完;通过;渡过;打通
get acrss 使通过;被理解
Page N.771
高手过招
翻译句子
①他明天出发。
②在那时,人们陷入恐慌。
答案: ①He is ging t get ff tmrrw.
②At that time, peple gt int panic.
Page N.772
重点句型
11. Every time yu feel like smking a cigarette, remind yurself that yu are a nnsmker.
每当你想要吸烟的时候,你就提醒你自己:你(已经)是不吸烟的人了。
every time在这里相当于连词,连接了两个分句;remind后面又跟了that引导的宾语从句。
时间状语从句通常由when, while, as befre, after, as sn as 等从属连词引导,但有时也可由every time, each time,the mment, the day等引导,这时这类词或词组就起到相当于一个从属连词的作用。
Page N.773
Each time I get a cld, I have a headache.
每次感冒我都头疼。
He phned me the mment he reached Chicag.
他一到芝加哥就给我打了电话。
此外immediately, instantly, directly等词也可以引导时间状语从句。
He made fr the dr directly he heard the knck.
一听到敲门声他就跑去开门了。
I gt in tuch with him immediately I received the letter.
我一接到信就跟他联系了。
Page N.774
高手过招
单项填空
I tured Zhang Jiajie, I was deeply impressed with its beautiful scenery.
A. Fr the first time B. At first
C. It was the first time D. The first time
解析:选D。分析句子结构可知,the first time作连词,引导时间状语从句。
Page N.775
Unit 4 Glbal warming
Page N.776
核心单词
1. subscribe
vi. 同意;捐赠;订阅
vt. (签署)文件;捐助
常用结构:
subscribe t ... 同意,赞许;(在文件等下面)签名,署名
subscribe sth. t ... 捐助
subscribe t/fr ... 订阅;订购(书籍等)
He did nt subscribe t my prpsal.
他不赞同我的建议。
He subscribed a large sum t the relief fund.
他向救济基金捐赠巨资。
He subscribed his name t a petitin. 他在请愿书上签名。
Page N.777
高手过招
翻译句子
①只有疯子才会同意这样的观点。
②我订了一份《妇女周刊》。
答案:①N ne but mad peple wuld subscribe t such views.
②I subscribed t a Weekly Wmen’s magazine.
Page N.778
2. tend
vt. & vi. (常与t连用)有某种倾向;有……的趋势;走向;趋向;朝向;照管,照料;看护
Peple under stress tend t express their full range f ptential.
处于压力下的人容易发挥自己全部的潜力。
He tends t pitch the ball t high.
他往往把球掷得过高。
Prices are tending upward. 物价在上涨。
The wman stayed at hme t tend her child.
那个妇女呆在家里照料她的孩子。
Page N.779
高手过招
单项填空
I never frget the days when I was by the villagers when I was wunded.
Tended B. bserved C. mnitred D. Cared
解析:选A。tend 用作及物动词,意为 “照顾;照料”;bserve观察;注意;mnitr 监视;监控; care为不及物动词,care fr 才有 “照顾;照料”的意思。
Page N.780
3. ppse
vt. 反对; 反抗;对抗;(与t连用)使反对,使相对
Many members f the cuncil ppsed the building f the luxury huses in the centre f the city.
许多议会议员反对在市中心建造豪华型住宅。
My mther is ppsed t the new plan.
我妈妈是反对这个新计划的。
Many residents are ppsed t the plan f building the mtrway.许多居民反对修建那条高速公路的计划。
常用结构:
as ppsed t (表示对比)而,相对于
Page N.781
易混辨析
ppse/bject/resist
ppse 为常用词,指“对某人、某事采取积极行动来反对”,强调动作,尤指“反对一种观念、思想、计划等”。
bject 常指“用言论或论据等表示反对”, 强调“个人嫌厌”和“由于与个人有关,因此提出反对意见”。
resist指“积极地反抗、对抗”;“用武力阻止……的前进”。
Page N.782
高手过招
单项填空
The prfessr, ut the prject, made a cmment n the reprt.
A. was ppsed t carry B. ppsed t carry
C. ppsed t carrying D. ppsed carrying
解析:选C。短语be ppsed t sth./ding sth.意为“反对/某事/做某事”,其中t是介词。此处用过去分词作后置定语,相当于定语从句 wh was ppsed t carrying。
Page N.783
4. cnsequence
n.[C]结果;后果;影响
I’m quite willing t accept the cnsequences.
我完全愿意承担后果。
Yu shuld knw the cnsequence f nt studying hard.
你应该知道不用功学习的后果。
This had the unexpected cnsequence that he gt fired.
这件事有了意外的后果,那就是他被革职了。
常用结构:
as a cnsequence (f ...)
=in cnsequence (f ...)
=as a result (f ...) 结果;因此;由于……的原因
联想拓展
cnsequent adj.(+n/upn) 因……而起的;随之发生的
cnsequently adv. 结果;因此;必然地
Page N.784
高手过招
翻译句子
①降雨量很大,结果田地被淹了。
②他努力学习,因此通过了考试。
答案:①The rain was heavy and cnsequently the land was flded.
②He studied hard, and in cnsequence he passed the exam.
Page N.785
5. average
adj. 平均的;普通的
n. 平均;平均数
The average age f the bys in this class is fifteen.
这个班男生的平均年龄为十五岁。
It was an average piece f wrk.那是一件普通的作品。
The average man is nt interested in this subject.
普通人一般对这个题目不感兴趣。
常用结构:
n average 平均地;通常
abve/belw average 高于/低于平均数/水平
an average f ... ……的平均数
up t average 达到平均数
The average f 4 and 8 is 6. 4和8的平均数为6。
Tw students are absent each day n average.
平均每天有两个学生缺席。
Page N.786
高手过招
选词填空(rdinary/average/nrmal/cmmn)
①Thugh she is CEO f a big cmpany, she is a(n) wman in the eyes f her families.
②Relatins between the tw cuntries have been restred t .
③It’s a bag, and yu can find it in every stre.
④Letterbxes are much mre in the UK than in the US, where mst peple have a mailbx instead.
答案: ①average ②nrmal ③cmmn
④rdinary
Page N.787
6. blame
v. 埋怨,责备
常用结构:
be t blame 应受谴责,应负责任
blame smething n sb. 把……归咎于
blame sb. fr sth./ding sth. 因……而责备某人
City residents als blame migrant wrkers fr the sharp rise in the urban crime rate.
城市居民还责怪民工造成了城市犯罪率的大幅度上升。
They blamed the failure n Gerge. 他们把失败归咎于乔治。
Blame me if I dn’t. 我要是不这样做,随你怎么办好了。
联想拓展
blameful adj. 该受责备的,有过错的
blameless adj. 无可责难的,无过错的
blamewrthy adj. 该受责备的
Page N.788
高手过招
单项填空
He deserved t his carelessness.
A. blamed fr B. be blamed fr
C. blame fr D. be blame fr
解析:选C。be t blame应受谴责,应负责任,不能用于被动语态。
Page N.789
重点短语
7. cme abut
发生;产生
Hw did this dangerus state f affairs cme abut?
这种危险的事态是怎么发生的?
联想拓展
关于cme的其他短语:
cme acrss 偶然发现;被理解;提供
cme int being 发生;产生;出现;形成
cme int pwer 开始执政;当权;当选
cme int effect/frce 开始生效;开始实行
cme int existence 形成;产生;开始存在
cme int fashin 开始流行
cme ff (头发、牙齿、纽扣)脱落;离开
cme n 上场;开始;赶快;加油
cme ut 出来,发芽;出版;说出;洗掉
cme t knw/realize/understand
开始了解到/意识到/明白
cme up with 找到(答案);拿出(一笔钱等)
Page N.790
高手过招
单项填空
—Hw did it that yu made such a silly mistake?
—I myself haven’t figured it ut yet.
A. bring abut B. cme abut
C. cme acrss D. cme n
解析:选B。句意为:——怎么会发生这么愚蠢的错误?——我自己也搞不明白。cme abut 发生,指事情发生的原因,常与hw连用。其他选项无此用法。
Page N.791
8. quantities f
意思是“大量的”,既可以修饰可数名词,又可以修饰不可数名词。
Quantities f apples were n the table.
桌子上有很多苹果。
Huge quantities f il were shipped t Japan last year.
去年大量的石油被海运到日本。
联想拓展
in quantity/in large quantities 大量的
in small quantities 少量的
Page N.792
易混辨析
a quantity f/quantities f
a quantity f 与quantities f,都可译为“大量的”,都既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词,但用法有区别。
a quantity f的谓语动词根据其后的名词而定,跟可数名词复数时谓语动词用复数,跟不可数名词时谓语动词用单数。而quantities f 后无论跟可数名词还是不可数名词,谓语动词一律用复数。
A large quantity f air cnditiners have been sld since the summer came.入夏以来,已有大量的空调售出。
Page N.793
高手过招
单项填空
infrmatin stred in this cmputer.
A. Large quantities f; have been
B. A great many; has been
C. A large quantity f; were
D. Quite a lt; is
解析:选A。infrmatin为不可数名词,C项的谓语动词应该用单数,故只有A项正确。
Page N.794
9. result in
导致;结果是(相当于lead t)
Their dispute resulted in war. 他们的争端导致了战争。
The accident results in the death f tw passengers.
事故导致两名乘客死亡。
His carelessness resulted in the accident.
他的粗心导致事故的发生。
联想拓展
result frm 起因于;由……造成
as a result 结果;因此
as a result f 作为……的结果;因为……
Page N.795
高手过招
用result in/result frm的适当形式填空
①The traffic accident a lt f death and the destructin f several vehicles.
②The illness exhaustin pssibly.
③The injure a fall kept him in bed fr mnths.
答案: ①resulted in ②resulted frm
③resulting frm
Page N.796
10. put up with
忍受;容忍
I dn’t knw hw his parents put up with his antics.
我不知道他的父母是如何忍受他的怪异行为的。
She culd hardly put up with that fellw any lnger.
她再也不能忍受那家伙了。
联想拓展
put away 放好;收好;储存
put aside 忽视;不理睬
put acrss 交流,沟通
put dwn 记下;放下;镇压;平定
put frward 提出;建议;将……提前
put in 驶进
put ut 熄灭;扑灭;出版;公布;生产
put ff 推迟;延期
put n 穿上;戴上;上演;增加(体重)
put up 提出;举起;升起;提(价);投宿;建造
Page N.797
高手过招
单项填空
—What d yu think f Andrew?
—There are sme things that are nt easy t , and his cldness is ne.
A. put aside B. put up with
C. think f D. get alng with
解析:选B。答句句意为:他有很多方面难以让人忍受,冷酷就是其中的一个。put aside 储存;保留;put up with 容忍;忍受;think f想起;get alng with 与……相处。由句意可知,选B项。
Page N.798
重点句型
11. Sme byprducts f this prcess are called “greenhuse” gases, the mst imprtant ne f which is carbn dixide.
这个升温过程的一些副产品就叫做“温室”气体,其中最重要的就是二氧化碳。
定语从句中的介词或介词短语可以提到引导词which, whm的前面。
The ld man has three daughters, tw f whm are teachers.
这位老人有三个女儿,其中的两个是老师。
Sn they arrived at a farm huse, in frnt f which sat a small by.
不久他们来到了一所农舍,农舍前坐着一个小男孩。
Page N.799
高手过招
单项填空
I saw a wman running tward me in the dark. Befre I culd recgnize wh she was,she had run back in the directin she had cme.
A. f which B. by which
C. in which D. frm which
解析:选D。介词的选择要依据搭配和句子意义。cme frm表示“来自……”; f与in不与cme搭配;cme by意为“从旁边经过”。
Page N.800
Unit 5 The pwer f nature
Page N.801
核心单词
1. appint
vt. 任命;委派
He appinted Williams as his deputy in the city f Yrk.
他任命威廉姆斯作为他在约克郡的代理人。
He was appinted mayr f the city.
他被任命为这个城市的市长。
常用结构:
appint sb. t a pst 派某人担任某职
The teacher appinted him (t be) mnitr.
老师任命他为班长。
Page N.802
联想拓展
appintment n. 约会;约定;委任
make/have an appintment with sb. 与某人约会
break ne’s appintment 违约;失约
keep ne’s appintment 守约
appinted adj. 约定的;指定的
Our visitrs arrived at the appinted time.
我们的来宾在约定的时间到达了。
Page N.803
高手过招
翻译句子
①校长任命了一位新主任。
②如果你想和他见面,你得预约。
答案: ①The headmaster appinted a new directr.
②If yu want t meet him, yu have t make an appintment.
Page N.804
2. evaluate
vt. 评估;评价;估计
The scientists have evaluated the data.
那些科学家已经评价了那些资料。
We need t evaluate hw well the methd is wrking.
我们需要对这一方法产生的效果作出评价。
联想拓展
evaluatin n. 估价;评价;计算
accmplishment evaluatin 学业成绩评定
selfevaluatin 自我评价
educatinal evaluatin 教育评定
evaluatin factr 评价因素
evaluatin methd 评价方法
Page N.805
易混辨析
evaluate/estimate/value
三个词都含有“评价,估计”的含义。
evaluate 一般不用来表示“估价”或“估计”某物的市场价值。
estimate表示“估量,预算”,还可以表示“评价,看法等”。
value表示“为……估价格”,还可以表示“珍视,重视”。
答案:①评估一个培训项目的花销通常是很困难的。
②把她当成一名歌手来评价很难。
Page N.806
3. vary
vt. 改变, 变更, 使多样化
vi. 变化, 不同, (彼此)相异
常用结构:
vary in/n 在……方面不同
vary frm ... 从……到……不等;
在……到……之间变动
vary with/accrding t 随……变化而变化
a variety f/varieties f=varius 多种多样的
The temperature varied thrughut the day.
气温一整天都在变化着。
Page N.807
高手过招
(1)单项填空
The charge frm 5 yuan t 10 yuan.
A. Changes B. varies C. differ D. range
(2)翻译句子
①The weather varied frm day t day.
②Prices vary with the seasns.
解析:(1) 选B。按照句意此处是指收费的多样化,故使用vary frm ... t ...结构。
(2)①天气一天天地变化着。
②物价随季节而变动。
Page N.808
4. guarantee
vt. 保证;担保
n. 保证,保证书,担保,抵押品
常用结构:
guarantee t d sth. 保证做某事
guarantee that/sth. ... 保证……
guarantee sb. sth. 保证某人某物
give sb. a guarantee that ... 向某人保证……
The rain guarantees a gd crp this year.
这场雨保证了今年有个好收成。
My watch is guaranteed fr ne year.
我的表保修一年。
Page N.809
高手过招
单项填空
Wrking hard is nt nly a f great success, but is amng the essential requirements.
Sign B. signal C. guarantee D. Suppsitin
解析:选C。按照前句意思“努力工作不仅是巨大成功的保证”,可知答案。
Page N.810
重点短语
5. make ne’s way t
前往……
Dickens made his way t the wds.
迪肯斯朝树林走去。
Sme thirty percent f the wrld’s exprts f tea makes its way t Lndn.
世界上大约30%的茶叶都出口到了伦敦。
Thugh it was raining hard, he made his way t schl.
尽管雨下得很大,他还是朝学校赶去。
联想拓展
feel ne’s way 摸索着前行
fight/push ne’s way 推挤着前行
lse ne’s way 迷路
frce ne’s way ut 挤出去;冲出去
push ne’s way in 挤进去
shw sb. the way 为某人指路
get in the way 妨碍
wind ne’s way 蜿蜒前进
Page N.811
高手过招
翻译句子
①由于在这方面没有经验,我们必须摸索着前进。
②很多学生正朝博物馆走去。
答案:①Withut experience n it, we have t feel ur way.
②Many students are making their way t the museum.
Page N.812
6. burn the grund
(楼房等)被(全部)烧毁;全部焚毁
He has n place t live in because his huse has been burnt t the grund.
他无处栖身,因为他的房子被烧掉了。
联想拓展
burn away 逐渐烧掉;消失
burn dwn (建筑物)烧毁,火力减弱
burn ff 烧掉,蒸发
burn up 烧毁、烧得更旺/亮,消耗
burn ut 烧坏,烧尽
burn neself ut 筋疲力尽
burn fr 渴望
burn in 给……留下不可磨灭的印象
Page N.813
高手过招
单项填空
Be careful with fire, r it will the whle building.
A. burn dwn B. burn fr
C. burn up D. burn in
解析:选A。考查短语辨析。burn dwn (建筑物)烧毁,火力减弱;burn fr渴望; burn up 烧毁,烧得更旺/亮,消耗;burn in 给……留下不可磨灭的印象。此处应是“把……烧毁”的意思。
Page N.814
7. quite a few
好些;相当多
I have made quite a few friends here.
在这里我已经交了好多朋友。
易混辨析
very few/nly a few/a few/nt a few
very few, nly a few都可表示“少”,“几乎没有”的意思,但very few侧重于“几乎没有人”或“大多数都不”这一概念。
nly a few侧重于表达“在许多之中有几个”, 不强调 “大多数不”这一概念。
a few 意思是“少数几个,一些”,表达肯定概念。
Page N.815
高手过招
完成句子
—Are yur friends here?
—Yes, (相当多) are here.
答案:quite a few
nt a few 相当于many,意思是“许多、大量”。
Very few peple can bear the cld in Antarctica.
几乎没有人能忍受南极的寒冷。
Only a few peple culd see the scene.
只有几个人看到了这个景象。(看到这一景象的人不多。)
A few friends came t see me last week.
上星期有几个朋友来看我。
Nt a few students are ging there.
许多学生都要去那里。
Page N.816
重点句型
8. I was fast asleep when suddenly my bed began shaking and I heard a strange sund, like a railway train passing my windw.
我睡得正酣,正在这时我的床开始晃动,我听到一种奇怪的声音,就像一列火车正从我窗外驶过。
when引导了时间状语从句。在此状语从句中,and连接两个并列的句子。like a railway train passing my windw为介词短语作定语,修饰sund,而a railway train passing my windw为like的复合宾语。
“be+形容词/表示状态的介词短语+when ...”表示“正在做某事,就在这时……”。
Page N.817
联想拓展
be abut t d sth. when ... 正要做某事,就在这时……
be ding+when ... 正在做某事,就在这 时……(分句中的动作往往是短暂性的)
had just dne when ... 刚做过某事,就在这时……
温馨提示
此时的when不可以与while互换,也不可以将when引导的从句置于句首。
I was fast asleep when suddenly there was a lud nise utside my rm.
我睡得正香,就在这时房外传来巨大的噪音。
He was n a jurney t Eurpe when he received her call.
他正在去欧洲的旅行中,就在这时他接到了她的电话。
We were n a flight t Tky when suddenly I remembered I had left my passprt hme.
我们正在去东京的飞机上,这时我突然想起我把护照忘在了家里。
Page N.818
高手过招
单项填空
The bys were abut t g ut t play ftball suddenly it began t rain.
When B. as C. while D. Then
解析:选A。考查“be abut t d when ...”的句型。此结构的意思是 “正要做某事,就在这时……” 。其中when相当于and just then,不可以用while, as等替换。
Page N.819
9. The ther tw climbed dwn int the crater t cllect sme lava fr later study, but this being my first experience, I stayed at the tp and watched them.
另外两人攀下火山口去收集供日后研究用的岩浆,我是第一次经历这样的事,所以留在山顶上观察他们。
句中的this being my first experience为独立主格结构。
独立主格结构(Abslute Structure)是由名词或代词加上分词等构成的一种独立结构,用于修饰整个句子。独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词等构成逻辑上的主谓关系。这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系,它的位置相当灵活,可置于主句前、主句末或主句中,常由逗号将其与主句分开。需要特别注意的是,独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。
独立主格结构基本构成形式为:
名词(代词)+现在分词(过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/名词/介词短语)
Page N.820
Night enshruding the earth, nbdy culd make ut what the dark mass was frm a distance.
黑夜笼罩大地,谁也看不清远处黑压压的一片是什么东西。
There being n bus, we had t walk hme.
由于没有公共汽车,我们只好走回家。
The wrkers wrked still harder, their living cnditins greatly imprved.
由于工人们的生活条件大大提高,他们工作得更起劲了。
He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed n the blackbard.
他上课专心听讲,眼睛紧盯着黑板。
Page N.821
高手过招
单项填空
The rbber was brught t the judge, .
A. with his hands were fast tied
B. his hands t be fast tied
C. his hands fast tied
D. his hand having been fast tied
解析:选C。独立主格结构是短语的形式作定语或状语。“his hands fast tied”是一个由“名词+过去分词”构成的独立结构,这种结构的名词后还可以接介词短语等,在句中通常作状语。再如:The teacher came int the classrm, bks in hand。
Page N.822
10. Having taken the wrng bus, Martin fund himself in an unfamiliar district.
由于乘错了车,马丁发现自己到了一个不熟悉的地区。
find neself后跟ding、v.ed形式、形容词、介词短语、副词等,表示“在无意识中出现了某种情况”。
When she came t herself, she fund herself cvered with a blanket.
当她苏醒过来的时候,她发现自己身上盖着一条毯子。
When fd was served, we suddenly fund urselves very hungry.当食物端上来的时候,我们突然觉得饿了。
When dawn came, we fund urselves walking n a cuntry rad.黄昏时分,我们发现自己走在一条乡间的路上。
Suddenly I fund myself making the same mistake as I made yesterday.突然间,我发现自己又犯了昨天的错误。
Page N.823
高手过招
单项填空
When the by came t himself, he fund himself by his teacher and classmates, which made him quite mved.
A. Surrunding B. surrund
C. Surrunded D. surrunds
解析:选C。考查find后动词的非谓语形式。himself与surrund之间为被动关系,因此用过去分词。
Page N.824
选修 7
Page N.825
Unit 1 Living well
Page N.826
核心单词
1. ambitin
n. 雄心
Her ambitin is the presidency.
她的抱负是成为一名总统。
After several hurs’wrk, she had n ambitin t g dancing.
工作了数个小时之后,她没有精力去跳舞了。
Page N.827
联想拓展
ambitius adj. 志向远大的; 有雄心壮志的;有野心的
be ambitius fr (pwer/scial psitin, etc.)
极欲获得(权力,社会地位等)
be ambitius f success 渴望成功
be ambitius t 一心想……
The prince was attracted by the girl’s beauty, and ambitius t marry her.
王子为女孩的美貌打动了,渴望能娶到她。
Page N.828
高手过招
翻译句子 (原创)
①他的理想就是环游世界。
②作为一个志向远大的领导者,他想带领当地人过上幸福的生活。
答案:①His ambitin is t sail arund the wrld.
②As an ambitius leader, he wants t guide the lcal peple t lead a happy life.
Page N.829
2. beneficial
adj. 有益的;受益的
常用结构:
be beneficial t ... 对……有用/有好处/有益
A gd diet is beneficial t ne’s health.
良好的饮食有益于人的身体健康。
联想拓展
benefit n.利益;实惠;未来的好处
vt. 有益于,有助于
vi.(常与frm,by连用)获益;得益于
I have typed ut sme lecture ntes fr the benefit f thse peple wh were absent last week.
我打印了一些讲座的笔记,上周缺席的人会因此获益。
It’s said that yga is f great benefit t human health.
据说瑜伽对人体健康有很大好处。
I did it fr his benefit. 我做这个是为了帮助他。
The develpment f ur cuntry’s ecnmy has benefited frm the pening and refrm plicy.
我们国家的经济发展得益于改革开放的政策。
Page N.830
高手过招
单项填空
①The fall in prices will be beneficial small business. (江西省抚州一中2010届高三英语第二次同步测试)
A. T B. Frm C. On D. fr
②Wh’s mst likely t the ld lady’s death? (原创)
A. Benefit B. benefit frm
be beneficial D. be beneficial t
解析: ①选A。考查固定搭配。句意为:物价下跌将对小型企业有利。be beneficial t ...对……有好处/有益。
②选B。句意为:谁最有可能从老妇人的死中得到好处?benefit frm 从……中获益。
Page N.831
3. adapt
v. 使适应;改编
常用结构:
adapt (neself) t sth. 适应某物
adapt ... 使……适应……
adapt sth. frm sth. 根据某事将……改编成……
be adapted frm ... 由……改编
Yu shuld adapt yurself t the new envirnment.
你应该适应新环境。
The makers adapted the cartns film fr children frm the Russian riginal.
影片制作人为了孩子们将这本俄文原著改编成了卡通电影。
易混辨析
adapt/adpt/adjust
adapt指“修改或改变以适应新条件”。
adpt 指“采用,采取;收养;正式通过”。
adjust指“调整,调节(使之适应)”。
Page N.832
高手过招
单项填空
①The new cmers fund it impssible t themselves t the climate sufficiently t make permanent hmes in the new cuntry. (2010·01·江苏南京检测)
A. Suit B. Adapt C. Regulate D. relate
②Cmpared with adults, children the new surrundings better. (2010·01·山东青州一中模块检测)
A. cme t B. turn t
adapt t D. cntribute t
解析: ①选B。考查词义辨析。句意为:这些新来者发现,在这个国家要完全适应这儿的气候并永久定居下来是不可能的。adapt (neself) t sth.适应某物;符合句意。suit适合某人;regulate(用法律)管制;控制(机器,设备);调节;relate ... t ... 把……同……联系在一起。
②选C。考查短语辨析。句意为:和成年人相比,孩子们能更好地适应新环境。cme t谈到,提到;turn t转向,求助于;adapt t适应;cntribute t有助于,促使。
Page N.833
4. cnduct
n. 行为
v. 指挥
The chairpersn cnducted the hearing.
主席主持了这个听证会。
His cnduct f the business was very successful.
他的事业进展得相当顺利。
The curatr cnducted the visitrs arund the museum.
馆长领着游客们在博物馆中参观。
常用结构:
a bad cnduct 恶劣行为
under the cnduct f 在……指导(管理)下
联想拓展
cnductr n. 领导者, 经理
Page N.834
高手过招
翻译句子 (原创)
①在农业专家的指导下,当地农民过了个丰收年。
②今天下午向导指挥着小学生参观了博物馆。
答案:①Under the cnduct f the agricultural experts, lcal farmers had an abundant year.
②The guider cnducted the students in primary schl arund the museum this afternn.
Page N.835
5. absence
n. 缺席;不在
We did nt receive any news during his lng absence.
他长期缺席期间,我们没有得到他的一点消息。
常用结构:
absence f mind 心不在焉
in ne’s absence (frm) 当某人不在的时候
in the absence f 缺乏……
I dn’t agree t this decisin as it was made in my absence.
我不同意这个决定,因为它是我不在场的时候做出的。
Page N.836
联想拓展
absent adj. 不在的;缺席的
be absent frm 缺席;不在;不存在;缺少
be present at 出席;到场
presence n. 出席;到场
He had t make up the lessns he had missed as he had been absent frm class fr three weeks.
他必须补上由于旷课3个星期所耽误的课程。
Absence frm wrk leads t deduct f payment.
旷工的结果就是扣除工资。
Page N.837
高手过招
完成句子 (原创)
① (汤姆没有参加) her birthday party made Sue very disappinted.
②There were s many peple (缺席会议) that the meeting had t be put ff.
答案: ①Tm’s absence frm
②absent frm the meeting
Page N.838
6. resign
v. 辞职;委托;把……交托给(t, int)
常用结构:
resign ne’s psitin (as secretary) 辞去(秘书)职务
resign ffice 辞职
resign neself t 听任(某种影响);
只好(做某事)
resign neself t ne’s fate 听天由命
resign ... t... 把……托付给
In rder t lk after her sick mther, Mary decided t resign her psitin as a manager in the cmpany.
为了照顾生病的母亲,玛丽决定辞去公司经理的职务。
I resign my children t yur care.我把孩子们委托你来照顾。
Page N.839
高手过招
翻译句子(原创)
①在任何情况下,我们都不能听天由命。
②我只好在长队中等候。
答案:① In n situatin, shall we resign urselves t ur fate.
②I resigned myself t a lng wait in line.
Page N.840
重点短语
7. in ther wrds
换句话说
联想拓展
in wrd 意为“在口头上”,置于句末或句中。
in wrds 意为“用语言(来表达)”,通常置于句末。
in a/ne wrd意为“简言之,总之”,通常置于句首,有时也放在句中。
big wrds 大话
break ne’s wrd 失信;食言
eat ne’s wrd 收回前言
get in a wrd 插话
have a wrd with 与……谈一谈
keep ne’s wrd 遵守诺言
leave wrd 留言
say a few wrds (即席)说几句话
upn ne’s wrd 一定
wrd by wrd 按词序排列;逐字逐句地
In a wrd, we must try ur best t d the task.
总之,我们必须尽最大努力来做这项工作。
Page N.841
高手过招
(1)单项填空
—Wuld yu like t help us?
— , n. (2010·01·山东青州二中模块检测)
A. In a wrd B. In wrds
C. In wrd D. In ther wrds
(2)完成句子 (原创)
①She has a gd handwriting, and is gd at writing articles. (总而言之), she is a qualified secretary.
②The beauty f sunset can nt be described (用语言).
③The persn wh (同……讲话) my father is ne f my relatives.
④The cuple (争吵) each ther in the street ignring the eyes f passers-by.
Page N.842
解析:(1) 选A。in wrd 意为“在口头上”,置于句末或句中。in wrds 意为“用语言(来表达)”,通常置于句末。in a/ne wrd 意为“简言之,总之”,通常置于句首,有时也放在句中,符合语境。
(2)①In a wrd ②in wrds
③has a wrd with ④have wrds with
8. all in all
极其重要的;重于一切的;最关心;最爱的;从各方面考虑;从各方面来说;总的来说
All in all, her cnditin is greatly imprved.
总的说来,她的健康状况大大好转。
Page N.843
联想拓展
abve all 首先;首要;最重要的
all thrugh 一直,在整个……期间
after all 终究,毕竟
all tld 总共,合计
all alne 独自,独立地
all up 无望;结束;彻底完了
all alng 始终,一直,一向
and all 连同其他一切
all arund ( 在……)周围,各处
at all 根本不,一点也不
all at nce 突然,忽然,同时,一下子
fr all 尽管
Page N.844
高手过招
单项填空
, he cried alud. (原创)
A. All at nce B. Once in a while
C. Generally D. All in all
解析:选A。all at nce= suddenly突然,符合句意。
Page N.845
9. cut ut
切掉,删掉
I cut this article ut f the newspaper.
我从报纸上剪下了这篇文章。
联想拓展
cut dwn 砍倒; 削减,压缩
cut up 切/破碎
cut ff 切断, 停掉;隔绝, 挡住
Deserts are als created because peple cut dwn trees and dig up grass.
由于人们砍树挖草导致了沙漠的产生。
The fld cut ff their supplies.洪水切断了他们的供给。
Page N.846
高手过招
用适当的介词填空 (原创)
①I must cut ging t bed late.
②The car industry cut prductin.
③The wdchpper cut the tree and cut it .
答案: ①ut ②dwn ③dwn; up
10. in additin
(常与t连用)此外
是介词短语,作副词用,相当于词组as well,其后不能跟名词或其他任何成分,一般位于两个句子中间或置于句末。位于两个句子中间时,常用逗号与句子隔开。
Page N.847
There are many shps arund the railway statin. In additin, there are sme newlybuilt htels there.
火车站附近有很多商店,此外,那里还有一些新建的旅馆。
Aunt Mary gave us sandwiches fr ur picnic and a bag f ckies in additin.
玛丽舅母为我们去郊游准备了三明治,另外还准备了一袋甜饼。
温馨提示
in additin t是介词短语,其后接名词或代词等作其宾语,意义大体相当于as well as和 besides。
Page N.848
高手过招
单项填空
the fact that he gained a great many achievements, he remained mdest. (2010·01·浙江萧山质量检测)
A. In additin t B. Besides
C. Despite D. Thugh
解析:选C。despite 意为“尽管,虽然”,是介词。thugh意为“尽管,虽然”是连词。in additin t, besides均意为“除……之外还”。
Page N.849
重点句型
11. Des this disability make it difficult fr them t d sme things?
残疾使得他们做一些事情很困难吗?
本句采用的是“主语+make+it+adj./n.+动词不定式”的结构。在本结构中,it 只是形式宾语。而后面的fr sb. t d sth.才是真正的宾语。在这个不定式短语中,fr sb.又成了t d的逻辑主语。用在这种结构中的其他动词还有:think, feel, find, cnsider等。
It makes it pssible fr the earth t supprt s many peple.
这样就使得地球养活这么多的人成为可能。
Sme students may think it difficult t learn English well. In fact, it isn’t.
有的学生也许认为很难把英语学好,其实不然。
Page N.850
温馨提示
因为是不定式作宾语,易错将不定式直接放到动词make, feel, think等词的后面。只要这些动词后跟形容词或名词作宾补,就要用it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语不定式放在后面。
高手过招
(1)单项填空
I fund impssible fr t wrk ut the maths prblem. (2010·01·山东胜利一中检测)
A. it; he B. that; he C. that; him D. it; him
(2)根据句子结构填词 (原创)
I felt a great hnur t be invited t the party.
解析:(1) 选D。it在这里用作形式宾语。在英语中能作形式主语或宾语的只能是it,that/ this都不可以。
(2)it
Page N.851
Unit 2 Rbts
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核心单词
1. desire
n. 渴望
vt. 想要
常用结构:
desire sth. 渴望得到某物
desire t d sth. 希望/渴望做某事
desire that sb. (shuld) d 要求……
have a desire fr sth./t d sth. 渴望得到某物/希望做某事
at ne’s desire 照某人的希望
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We all desire happiness and health.我们都希望幸福健康。
Everyne has a desire fr success, but nt everyne desires t get rich.每个人都渴望成功,但并非人人都渴望金钱。
He desires yu t g t see him at nce.
=He desires that yu shuld g t see him at nce.
他要求你马上去见他。
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(2)翻译句子 (原创)
①他想接受大学教育。
②他们要我快点回来。
③我请他立即回信。
④她要你立即见她。
⑤她应邀演奏了一曲。
解析:(1) 选B。wish表示不能实现的愿望,句型搭配wish fr sth.;C、D两项不符合题意。desire渴望,想要;符合句意。
(2)①He desired a cllege educatin.
②They desire me t return sn.
③I desire an immediate answer f his.
④She desires that yu (shuld) see her at nce.
⑤She played a piece at thers’desire/by desire.
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2. alarm
n.警报
vt.使……惊恐
We were much alarmed by the fire in the frest.
森林失火使我们大为惊慌。
常用结构:
give /raise the alarm 发警报
ring the alarm 敲警钟
sund the alarm 发警报; 吹警报号
take (the) alarm at 对……感到吃惊; 因……而惊恐
be alarmed at ... 被……吓一跳
As sn as he saw the smke, he sunded the alarm.
一看见烟雾,他就鸣响了警报。
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高手过招
翻译句子 (原创)
①看到孩子们在返校时遭遇车祸的消息,家长们很害怕。
②看到大火,社区的居民发出警报。
答案:①The parents tk (the) alarm at the news that their children caught a traffic accident when returning the schl.
②The residents in the cmmunity raised the alarm when seeing the great fire.
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3. accmpany
vt.陪伴
常用结构:
accmpany sb. t a place 陪伴某人去某地
accmpany sth. with/by sth. 与……同时存在
He accmpanied his ld father t the hspital t see what’s wrng with his stmach.
他陪他的老父亲去医院查看胃部出了什么问题。
Thunders accmpanied by heavy rain in this seasn are very cmmn.
这个季节,雷鸣常常伴有大雨。
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高手过招
翻译句子 (原创)
①总统出现了,被六个健壮的保镖护随着。
②回到家乡,他的老同学们陪着他参观了这个城市。
答案:①The president appeared and was accmpanied by six strng bdyguards.
②When returning hmetwn, he was shwn arund the city accmpanied by his ld classmates.
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4. envy
n.&vt. 妒忌;羡慕
常用结构:
envy sb. ding/fr sth. 忌妒或羡慕某人做某事
with envy 羡慕地;忌妒地
be the envy f 是令人羡慕/忌妒的事物
ut f envy 出于妒忌
I envy yu having such a gd friend!
我羡慕你有这么一位好朋友!
They lked at her new car with envy.
他们羡慕地看着她的新车。
He was filled with envy f me at my success.
他十分羡慕我的成功。
They nly say such unkind things abut yu ut f envy.
他们纯粹出于忌妒才说你这些坏话。
联想拓展
envius adj. 羡慕的; 妒忌的
be envius f 妒忌……;羡慕……
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高手过招
翻译句子 (原创)
①她出于忌妒说了关于你的这些话。
②汤姆妒忌他哥哥事业上的成功。
答案:①She said these wrds abut yu ut f envy.
②Tm was envius f his brther’s success in business.
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重点短语
5. reach fr
伸手碰到/去拿/够到……
He reached fr his gun when he heard the enemy’s sund.
当他听到敌人的声音时就伸手去拿自己的枪。
He reached int his pcket fr his keys.
他把手伸到口袋里找钥匙。
联想拓展
reach t 达到;触到
within/ut f/beynd ne’s reach 在某人伸手可及/够不到的距离
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高手过招
单项填空
I keep medicines n the tp shelf, ut f the children’s
. (2010·01·江苏徐州检测)
Reach B. Hand C. Hld D. Place
解析:选A。考查固定搭配。ut f ne’s reach意为“在某人伸手够不到的距离”;符合句意“孩子够不着”。
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6. test ut
考验;试验
This mdel had been tested ut befre it was put int prductin.这个型号经过试验后才进行大批量生产。
Befre the lecture, the prfessr is used t testing ut the whle experiment.
上课前,这个教授习惯先将整个实验试验一番。
联想拓展
test n sb./sth. 在……(身上)做实验/试验
have/take a test in 参加……考试
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高手过招
翻译句子 (原创)
①成千上万的人们将参加这周日的公务员考试。
②那个咨询顾问总是先将新的政策在他自己的公司里进行实验。
答案: ①Tens f thusands f peple will take an entrance test fr gvernment fficers this Sunday.
②The cnsultant always testing the new plicy n his wn cmpany first.
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7. ring up
打电话给……
On arriving at the airprt, he rang up his mther t say everything was OK.
一到达机场,他就打电话给母亲报平安。
联想拓展
ring back 回电话
ring ff 挂断电话;停止讲话
ring a bell 唤醒(经常是模糊的记忆)
ring up the curtain 开始(一场演出,一个事件或一次行动)
I have t ring ff nw because my friend is waiting fr me.
我朋友在等我,我得挂电话了。
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高手过招
翻译句子 (原创)
①今早他刚起床就有人给他打电话了。
②见到老板进来,他赶紧挂断电话假装在工作。
答案:①The mment he gt up this mrning, smene rang him up.
②Seeing his bss cming, he hurried t ring ff and pretended t be wrking.
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8. leave
不打扰
Leave him alne and he will prduce.
别打扰他,他会写出来的。
Yu shuldn’t have left Andy alne in the muntains, it was very dangerus.
你不该将安迪一个人留在山上,因为那样非常危险。
联想拓展
leave behind 留下,遗留
leave aside (把某事)搁置一边
leave fr 出发前往
leave ut 省去;遗漏;不考虑
He was asked t leave fr anther city in 24 hurs.
他被要求24小时内离开到另一个城市去。
The teacher required us t leave ut sme unnecessary wrds in ur essays.
老师让我们将论文中一些不必要的词语省去。
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高手过招
翻译句子 (原创)
①老板携款潜逃了,只留下一间空厂房。
②听到警报,警察丢下家人冲出去看发生了什么事。
答案:①The bss escaped with all his frtune and left an empty factry behind.
②Hearing the alarm, the pliceman left his family behind and rushed ut t see what happened.
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9. set aside
将……放到一边;节省或保留(钱或时间);暂时不考虑
He set all ffers aside. 所有的提议他都置之不理。
联想拓展
set dwn 记下,写下
set ff 动身;爆炸
set ut 出发;开始做……
set up 创立,建立;竖起
He set ff fr wrk. 他动身去上班。
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高手过招
单项填空
Try t at least an hur each day fr learning new vcabulary. (2010·01·山东烟台检测)
set ff B. set ut C. set aside D.set dwn
解析:选C。句意为:争取每天至少抽出1小时时间学习新词汇。set aside为某种目的留出、拨出(金钱、时间)等,符合句意。
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10. turn arund
转向
He heard a vice but when he turned arund, he saw nbdy.
他听到一个声音,但转身却没发现有人。
As he walked twards the htel, he suddenly turned arund and fund an ld lady fllwing him.
当他朝旅馆走去时,突然转身发现一个老妇人跟着他。
联想拓展
turn away 把(脸)转过去
turn against 背叛;反抗
turn n/ff 打开/关掉
turn up 出现;调大(音量)
turn dwn 拒绝;调小(音量)
turn ut 结果是;证明是
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高手过招
翻译句子 (原创)
①那个年轻的女士无法想像要是她的丈夫背叛她的话会是怎么样。
②虽然贫穷,但是女孩毅然地拒绝了别人的帮助。
答案:①The yung lady can’t imagine what if her husband turns against her.
②Thugh pr, the girl turned dwn thers’help firmly.
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重点句型
11. Claire didn’t want the rbt in her huse, especially as her husband wuld be absent fr three weeks, but Larry persuaded her that the rbt wuldn’t harm her r allw her t be harmed.
克莱尔并不想把机器人留在家里,特别是在她丈夫离别三周的这个期间。但是,克莱尔被拉里说服了。他说,机器人不会伤害她,也不会让别人来伤害她。
t be harmed为动词不定式的被动语态。
All these gifts must be mailed immediately s as t be received in time fr Christmas.
所有的这些礼物必须马上邮寄,以便在圣诞节时及时收到。
It remains t be seen whether Jim’ll be fit enugh t play in the finals.
吉姆最后是否适合演出仍将拭目以待。
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高手过招
翻译句子 (原创)
①小汤姆假装被射中了哭喊着要糖吃。
②此药得一日三次,饭后服用。
答案:①Little Tm pretended t be sht and cried fr a candy.
②The medicine is required t be taken three times a day after meals.
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12. As she turned arund, there std Gladys Claffern.
当她转过身时,(她发现)Gladys站在那儿。
there std Gladys Claffern为倒装句。在谓语为动词g, cme, run, stand, live等表示位置转移的动词及be动词的句子中,为了强调句子中一些副词there, here, up, dwn, in, ut, away等,可将副词置于句首,若这时主语是名词,句子用全倒装;若是代词,则不用倒装。
There cmes the teacher and her students.
老师和她的学生们来了。
Out rushed the bys.男孩们冲了出去。
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高手过招
翻译句子 (原创)
①年轻的母亲抱着怀里两个月大的婴儿跑开了。(用倒装结构)
②生气的老板和他的秘书走了进来。
答案:①Away ran the yung mther with a twmnthld baby in her arms.
②In came the angry bss and his secretary.
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Unit 3 Under the sea
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核心单词
1. witness
vt. 当场见到;目击
vi. 作证
n. 目击者;证人;证据
We all came t witness histry and watch the histric flight f teacher Christa McAuliffe.
我们聚集在一起见证历史,观看教师克里斯塔·麦考利夫历史性的飞行。
He witnessed t having seen the man enter the building.
他作证看到那个男人进入这栋建筑物。
Life withut a friend is death withut a witness.
在世无朋友,死后无证人。
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常用结构:
give witness n behalf f sb. 替某人作证
be a witness t ... 是……的目击者
witness t sth./ding sth. 为某事作证
bear/give witness t sth. 作证;证明某事
高手过招
单项填空
Many peple the car accident, s it was nt difficult t investigate. (2010·01·陕西宝鸡检测)
Witnessed B. Harnessed C. Swallwed D. Drugged
解析:选A。考查动词词义辨析。句意为:许多人目击了那场车祸,因此不难调查。witness目击;harness控制;利用; swallw吞掉;drug下药;使服药。
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2. drag
vt. 拖;拉;扯
n. 令人厌烦的人/事;累赘
常用结构:
drag behind 落在后面
drag in 扯进来
drag sb. dwn 使某人沮丧
drag n 拖延
Her skirt dragged n the flr. 她的裙子拖在地上。
易混辨析
drag/draw/pull
drag 表示费力,缓慢而艰难地“拉、拖”较重的物体。
draw 表示从容地“拉、拖”。
pull 表示突然、急速地“拉”,方式不限。
We dragged the fallen tree frm the rad.
我们把倒在路上的树拖到一边。
Draw yur chair up t the table.
把你的椅子拉到桌子旁边来。
Five mnkeys pull the elephant.
五只猴子在拉大象。
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高手过招
翻译句子 (原创)
①那个国家卷入了战争之中。
②她把她的孩子强拉到牙科诊所。
答案: ①The cuntry was dragged int the war.
②She dragged her child t the dentist’s.
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3. urge
vt. 催促;极力主张;驱策
常用结构:
urge sb. n sth.=urge n sb. sth.
力劝某人某事;催促某人某事
urge sb. t d sth. 激励某人做某事;怂恿某人做某事
urge that ... 主张……(用虚拟语气)
He waved his hand as if urge us n.
他挥挥手似乎在鼓励我们前进。
They urged me t eat the strange fd.
他们怂恿我吃那种奇怪的食物。
She urged that I (shuld) aplgize t him.
她主张我应该向他道歉。
联想拓展
urgency n.紧急,迫切,急迫
urgent adj.紧急的,急迫的;执拗的
In case f urgency, call the plice.
一旦发生紧急情况,打电话给警察。
They were urgent in their demands.
他们坚持他们所提出的要求。
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高手过招
单项填空
The captain urged his team make greater effrt. ( 2010·01·陕西师大附中检测)
With B. n C. f D. T
解析:选D。句意为: 船长鼓励他的团队要加把劲。urge sb. t d sth. 激励某人做某事。
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4. abandn
vt. 遗弃;抛弃;放弃
常用结构:
abandn neself t sth. 陷入某事
联想拓展
abandnment n. \[U\]遗弃;离弃;抛弃;放弃
abandner n. 放弃者;遗弃者;投保者
abandnee n. 承保人;被遗弃者
abandned adj. 被遗弃的;无拘束的
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易混辨析
abandn/desert/give up
abandn强调永远或完全放弃人或事物等;可能是被迫的,也可能是自愿的。
desert 着重指违背法律责任和义务或自己的信仰与誓言的行为,多含非难的意味。
give up普通用语,侧重指没有希望,或因为外界压力而放弃。
The match was abandned because f bad weather.
比赛因恶劣的天气而取消。
Never desert yur friends.永不遗弃朋友。
He persuaded me t give up my plan.
在他的劝说下,我放弃了那个计划。
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高手过招
单项填空
As time ges n, fewer and fewer ld men are in the cuntryside. (2010·01·山东青岛模块检测)
A. Abandn B. t abandn
C. Abandning D. being abandned
解析:选D。此处老人和遗弃为被动关系,故选D。
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5. aware
adj. 意识到的;知道的
常用结构:
be/becme aware f sth. 意识到某事
be aware that-clause 知道……;意识到……
make sb.aware that-clause 提醒某人注意……
make sb.aware f ... 让某人注意到……
He wasn’t aware f the danger.他没有意识到危险。
Is she aware that I’m cming? 她知道我要来吗?
联想拓展
unaware adj.不察觉的;不知道的
awareness n. 知道;意识
温馨提示
aware后跟名词性从句时,一般在从句前不能用f,但在what从句前必须用f。
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高手过招
用适当的介词或aware的适当形式填空 (原创)
①When yu write yur gals in a particular way, yu are able t make yurself cntinuusly aware situatins that will bring yu nearer t yur gal.
②The principal didn’t seem t be aware there shuld have been s much dispute abut the decisin.
③Health fficials thrughut the wrld have tried t make peple raise abut AIDS.
④Mike seems f the truble he’s causing, therwise he wuld stp it.
答案:① f ② that ③awareness ④unaware
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6. hang
v.悬挂;吊;施以绞刑;垂下
The by hung his head in shame. 那个男孩羞愧地低下了头。
联想拓展
hang back 踌躇不前;退缩
hang dwn 下垂;低下头
hang n t 紧紧握住;坚持下去
hang n 抓紧;取决于;不挂断电话
hang abut=hang arund 徘徊;荡来荡去
hang by/n/upn a thread/hair千钧一发
hang it dubt 疑惑不决
hang up 悬挂;吊;终止;挂断电话
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高手过招
单项填空
I was s angry that I n him. (原创)
A. hung dwn B. hung up
C. hanged n D. hang back
解析:选B。句意为:我太生气了,以至于我挂掉了他的电话。hang dwn下垂;低下头 ; hang n紧紧握住;坚持下去;(打电话不挂断); hang back犹豫;畏缩; hang up悬挂;吊;终止;挂断电话。
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重点短语
7. srt ut
整理;挑出; 处理(问题/困难)
I’ve srted ut the papers that can be thrwn away.
我已经把那些可以扔掉的报纸整理出来了。
We’ve gt a few prblems t srt ut.
我们有几个问题要解决。
联想拓展
srt thrugh 翻查;归整
put away 把……存放好
He was srting thrugh a pile f papers n his desk。
他在整理桌上的一堆文件。
Put away yur bks, please.
请将书本收起来。
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高手过招
翻译句子 (原创)
①他从相片中挑出自己的,并把它们放到相册中。
②放学了,把书本收好。
答案: ①He srted his wn phts ut frm thers and kept them in an album.
②After schl, put away yur bks.
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8. help(...) ut
帮助(某人)摆脱困难或危难
Can yu help me ut with the maths prblem?
你能帮我解出这道数学题吗?
联想拓展
help sb. with sth. 帮助某人某事
with the help f 在……的帮助下;借助
help neself t 请随便自己动手(夹菜吃、用……等)
can’t help ding sth. 禁不住,忍不住
can’t help but d sth. 只能;不得不
Please help yurself t sme fish. 请随便吃点鱼。
She can’t help laughing. 她忍不住大笑起来。
I can’t help but wait. 我只能等。
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高手过招
翻译句子 (原创)
①在老师和同学们的帮助下,小明终于摆脱了爱玩电子游戏的习惯。
②地震中,许多家长不得不眼睁睁地看着他们的孩子埋在废墟中。
答案:①With the help f the teacher and his classmates, Xiaming managed t help himself ut f his prblem with cmputer games.
②In the earthquake, many parents culdn’t help but leave their children in the ruins.
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9. thrw neself ut f
跃出
The man suddenly threw himself ut f the water and said:“I’m here”.
那个人突然跃出水面说:“我在这儿”。
联想拓展
thrw neself at 冲向
thrw neself int 投身于;积极从事
thrw away 扔掉
thrw up 呕吐
thrw sb. int prisn 把某人投入监狱
thrw at 对准向……扔去(希望击中)
thrw t 向……(方向)扔去
Page N.896
高手过招
翻译句子 (原创)
①休息了一会后,他重新投入了救援工作。
②你可以帮他把书递给他,但向别人投掷书本是不对的。
答案:①After a shrt rest, he threw himself int rescuing again.
②Yu can help him t give this bk t him but it’s wrng t thrw bks at thers.
Page N.897
10. upside dwn
上下翻转
The naughty child is always turning everything in the rm upside dwn.
这淘气的孩子总是把房间的东西搞得乱七八糟。
联想拓展
inside ut 里面朝外,翻面的
He wre the sweatshirt inside ut.
他把运动衫反过来穿。
Page N.898
高手过招
翻译句子 (原创)
①你把那幅画挂颠倒了!
②春节期间,中国人喜欢将“福”字倒过来挂。
答案:①Yu’ve hung that picture upside dwn!
②In the Spring Festival, Chinese peple wuld like t hang the character “fu” upside dwn.
Page N.899
11. bring in
带来; 获利,赚;求援;求助;引进
Bring thse suspects in. 把嫌疑犯们带进来。
These bys bring in £60 a week.
这些男孩子每周赚六十英镑。
Hw much did the sideline bring the farmer family in last year?
去年副业使这家农户增加了多少收入?
The sale brught us in ver $1000.
这笔买卖使我们赚了一千多美元。
They began t use English, but they als brught in sme wrds frm their wn languages.
他们开始使用英语,但他们同时也从自己的语言中吸收一些词汇。
Page N.900
联想拓展
bring abut changes 引起变化
bring alng 把……带来
bring back 归还
bring dwn 使倒下;降低;减少
bring n 使前进
bring ut 使显现;出版
bring up 教育;抚养;呕吐
Page N.901
高手过招
单项填空
Summertime ut neat, belted cttn dresses and a hat pulled lw ver her sunglasses. (2010·01·浙江嘉兴一中检测)
Tk B. brught C. carried D. turned
解析:选B。bring ut意为“拿出,穿出”。句意为:夏天她穿着干净、扎腰带的棉布裙,低戴着帽子遮着太阳镜。根据句意,选B。
Page N.902
重点句型
12. It was a time when the killer whales, r “killers” as they were then called, helped the whalers catch the baleen whales that were n their annual migratin.
那个时期,虎鲸(当时被称为“杀手”)帮助捕鲸人在每年须鲸迁徙时捕捉须鲸。
It was/is a time when ... 曾经一度(那时)
It was a time when mtrcars were rare.
那时汽车是很罕见的。
It was a time when she culd nt bear the pain and wanted t kill herself.
她曾经一度无法忍受病痛,想结束自己的生命。
Page N.903
高手过招
翻译句子 (原创)
①曾经没人能理解我的计划和雄心。
②现在这一社区的人们相互帮助,和谐相处。
答案: ①It was a time when n ne culd understand my plan and ambitin.
②It is a time when peple in the cmmunity wuld like t help each ther and live harmniusly.
Page N.904
Unit 4 Sharing
Page N.905
核心单词
1. relevant
adj. 有关的;切题的
常用结构:
be relevant t= have sth. t d with 与……有关
The meeting is relevant t the matter in hand.
这次会议与正在进行的事情有密切关系。
In the exams, make sure that everything yu write is relevant t the questins yu have been asked.
在考试时一定要注意,你写的所有内容都要切合题意。
Page N.906
联想拓展
relevance n. 关联;相关性
have relevance t 与……有关
have n relevance t=have nthing t d with
与……无关
What yu say has n relevance t the subject.
你所说的与主题无关。
高手过招
单项填空
Tpics fr cmpsitins shuld be t the experiences and interests f the students. (2010·01·浙江宁波检测)
A. Cncerned B. dependent
C. cncerning D. Relevant
解析:选D。句意为:作文的题目应与学生的经历和兴趣有关。be relevant t与……有关;而cncerning 是介词,相当于abut,后面不加t。
Page N.907
2. adjust
vt.&vi.调整;使适合
I usually adjust my watch befre I g t wrk in the mrning.
我通常早上上班前校准我的表。
常用结构:
adjust(sth./neself)(t sth.)使适应;适应
It seems that the newcmers have adjusted themselves in the sch1.
新来的同学看来适应了学校生活。
He adjusted himself very quickly t the heat f the cuntry.
他使自己很快适应了这个国家炎热的气候。
These desks and chairs can be adjusted t the height f any child.这些桌子和凳子能被调整到适合任何孩子的高度。
联想拓展
adjustment n. 调整;修正
adjustable adj. 可调节的;可调整的注意:该词作不及物动词时,意为“适应于”,后常跟介词t。
Page N.908
高手过招
(1)单项填空
①Yu can’t see things clearly thrugh a telescpe unless it is crrectly t yur sight.
(2010·01·江西九江检测)
A. Adjusted B. Examined C. Checked D. tested
②Yu can this desk the height f any child. (2010·01·江西吉安检测)
A. adjust; t B. make; t
C. suit; t D. remain; fr
(2)翻译句子 (原创)
①他很快就适应了这种生活方式,从此幸福地生活着。
②许多新兵没能很快的适应军中生活,结果病倒了。
Page N.909
解析:(1)①选A。句意为:通过望远镜你看不清东西,除非你把它调好。adjust 调整……以适应。
②选A。句意为: 你可以调节这张桌子以适应孩子的身高。 adjust sth. t sth.调整某物以适应某物。
(2)①He sn adjusted himself t the way f life and has lived happily ever since.
②Quite a few new sldiers culd nt adjust themselves t army life and fell ill.
3. participate
vi. 参加,参与;有关系
常用结构:
participate in参加,参与
Everyne in class is expected t participate in these discussins.
希望全班同学都能参与这些讨论。
Page N.910
联想拓展
participant n. 参加者,参与的人
participatin n. 参与;分享
易混辨析
participate in/attend/jin/take part in/jin in
participate in 正式用语,表示参加,参与。强调与他人共同参加某一活动,暗示以一种积极的态度参加。
attend 正式用语,一般用于指参加会议,出席典礼或招待会等,也可以指上学,听课,听演讲或讲座等。
jin 常用词,作及物动词;通常指参加某组织或团体,并成为其中的一员,其宾语往往是the army/party/team/club等。
take part in 指参加群众性的活动,侧重说明主语参加该项活动并在其中发挥一定的作用。part 前若有修饰语,要用不定冠词。如take (an active) part in schl/activities。
jin in 参加正在进行的活动,其宾语一般是竞赛、娱乐、谈话、讨论、聚会、游戏等名词,可以用于jin in (ding) sth./jin sb. in (ding) sth. 结构中。
Page N.911
高手过招
(1)单项填空
The teacher is easyging, and she ften in the pupils’games. (2010·01·安徽淮北检测)
A. Participates B. acts
C. Jined D. tk part
(2)用方框内所给单词或短语的适当形式填空 (原创)
jin/jin in/take part in/attend/participate in
①They all the plt.
②At the age f eighteen, he the party.
③The children the English Evening and had a gd time.
④He didn’t schl yesterday because f his illness.
⑤Zhu Enlai the student mvements actively when he was at schl.
Page N.912
(1)解析:选A。由时态可排除C,D两项;根据句意表示的是“参加一个活动”可知,答案选A。
(2)①participated in ②jined ③jined in ④attend ⑤tk part in
4. privilege
n. 特权;特别待遇
vt. 给予……特权
常用结构:
enjy privileges 享受特权
the privilege f ding sth./t d sth.有幸做某事
privilege sb. frm ... 给某人特权使某人免于……
I hpe t have the privilege f wrking with them again.
但愿有幸和他们再度合作。
Page N.913
联想拓展
privileged adj. 有特权的
be privileged t d sth. 荣幸地去做某事
We are privileged t welcme yu as ur speaker this evening.
我们荣幸地欢迎你今晚来给我们做演讲。
解析:选B。句意为:女士们,先生们,我非常荣幸地介绍今晚的演讲嘉宾。privilege f ding sth./t d sth.有幸做某事。
Page N.914
5. dnate
v. 捐赠,赠送
常用结构:
dnate sth. t sb. 向某人捐赠某物
She dnated a large sum f mney t the charity.
她捐了一大笔钱给那个慈善机构。
The van was dnated t us by a lcal firm.
这辆货车是当地一家公司捐赠给我们的。
联想拓展
dnatin n. 捐赠;捐赠物;捐款
make/give/present a dnatin t sb. 捐赠给某人
send a dnatin t 把捐款寄至……
prmise a dnatin 应允捐赠
Page N.915
高手过招
完成句子 (原创)
①He (捐赠)a millin t the schl.
②The rest f the mney we get is (来自捐赠).
答案:①dnated ②frm dnatins
Page N.916
6. purchase
vt.& n.买;购买; (以某种代价)换得;(经过努力)取得,赢得(常与with连用)
The new cuple spent sme mney n the purchase f the furniture necessary fr their new huse.
这对新婚夫妇花费了一些钱购买新房子里必备的家具。
The farm was sld at ten years purchase.
这农场以相当于十年土地收入的价钱售出。
常用结构:
made a purchase 买件东西
leave sb.t his purchase 让某人自谋生路
live n nes purchase 自谋生计,自找活路
purchase freedm with bld 以血的代价赢得自由
purchase and sale 买卖
Page N.917
高手过招
翻译句子 (原创)
①这是我前几天买来的一件东西。
②你不努力什么也不能得到。
③他给他的儿子一些钱买课本。
答案: ①It is a recent purchase f mine/what I purchased the ther day.
②Yu can’t get any purchase withut effrts/purchase anything if yu dn’t make any effrt.
③He gave his sn sme mney fr the purchase f/t purchase schl bks.
Page N.918
7. distributin
n.分配;分发 分布状态
At present, the distributin f prfits cannt satisfy mst f the peple.
目前利润的分配未能满足大多数人。
联想拓展
distribute vt. 分配; 散布
distribute sth. T 把某物分配/分发给……
distribute sth. Amng 在……分发某物
Befre the pening ceremny f the super-market, sme wrkers are sent t distribute handbills n the street.
超市开业前,一些工作人员被派去街上散发传单。
Page N.919
高手过招
翻译句子 (原创)
①幼儿园的老师正在给小朋友们派发礼物。
②救援物资的发放依然在讨论中。
答案:①The teacher in the kindergarten is distributing the gifts t the children.
②The distributin f the rescuing gds is under discussin.
Page N.920
重点短语
8. make any (a) difference t
对……有任何关系或影响;对……起作用
It makes a difference which yu chse.
你选择哪一个,事关重大。
Yur supprt will certainly make a difference in ur cause.
你的支持当然会在我们的事业中发挥重要作用。
联想拓展
make n/a little/much/sme difference
没有/有一点/有很大的/有一些差别
tell the difference between 说出……的差别
make a difference between 区分……
Page N.921
高手过招
单项填空
Des it any difference whether we leave at 9:00 r at 10:00? (2010·01·陕西西安检测)
Tell B. be C. give D. Make
解析:选D。句意为:我们是9点还是10点离开会有什么影响吗?make any difference 有……影响。
Page N.922
9. stick ut (f sth.)
=stick sth. ut f
伸出;突出
Dn’t stick yur arm ut f the car windw.
不要把胳膊伸出车窗外。
联想拓展
stick ut fr 坚持索取;坚决要求
stick at 坚持不懈
stick tgether 团结在一起;站在一起
stick t 坚持;忠于
stick up 向上突起;竖起
stick up fr 支持;维护
Page N.923
高手过招
单项填空
Once yu made a decisin, yu shuld it.
(2010·01·山东济南模块检测)
stick ut B. stick t C. persist in D. insist n
解析:选B。考查动词短语辨析。句意为:一旦你作出决定,你就应该坚持下去。stick t+ n./prn. 坚持;stick ut 突出;坚持;persist in 固执己见; insist n ding sth. 坚持做某事。根据句意,选B。
Page N.924
重点句型
10. I knw yu’re dying t hear all abut my life here, s I’ve included sme phts which will help yu picture the places I talk abut.
我知道你急于了解我在这里的生活情况。我在信中附有几张照片,能够帮助你想像出我所谈到的地方。
be dying t d sth意为“极想做某事”。
All f them are dying t see the mvie.
他们所有人都极想看那部电影。
Page N.925
联想拓展
be dying fr sth. 极想得到某物
表示“渴望”的相关短语:
be thirsty fr sth.
be eager t d sth.
desire t d sth.
have a strng desire fr sth.
lng t d sth./ fr sth.
starve fr sth.
have an urge t d sth.
be keen t d sth./ be keen n ding sth.
由动词die组成的短语:
die away逐渐消失
Page N.926
高手过招
单项填空
Smallpx, a kind f disease, has nw died .
(2010·01·河北石家庄检测)
A. ut B. away C. ff D. Dwn
解析:选A。考查短语辨析。 die ut 灭绝,消失;die away 渐息;die dwn 平息;die ff (花、草)枯死。根据句意,选A。
Page N.927
Unit 5 Travelling abrad
Page N.928
核心单词
1. bard
n.&vt. 上(船,车,飞机等);付费;木板;布告牌
常用结构:
abve bard 光明正大地
acrss the bard 全面的;全盘的
sweep the bard 全胜,大获全胜
g by the bard 被丢弃;(计划、安排)全部失败
barding card 登船证/登机证
barding huse 旅馆;寄宿房屋
Page N.929
易混辨析
bard/abard/abrad
bard 有两个词性。作为动词时,意为“上(船,车,飞机等)”;作为名词时,意为“木板;布告牌;膳食费用”。
abard 有两个词性。作为介词时,意为“在(船,车,飞机等)”;作为副词时,意为“上(船,车,飞机等)”。
abrad 只能作副词,意为“在国外,到国外”。
He pays $90 a week bard and ldging.
他每周的食宿花费为90美元。
We must nt take cmbustible gds abard.
我们且不可带易燃品上车。
It was intrduced frm abrad.这是从国外引进的。
Page N.930
高手过招
单项填空
With all the tw hundred passengers , the plane tk ff.
A. n bard B. n the bard
C. n bards D. ging n bard
解析:选A。n bard在(船,车,飞机等)上,符合句意。
Page N.931
2. recmmend
vt. 推荐,介绍;劝告,建议
常用结构:
recmmend sb.= recmmend sb. 向某人推荐,介绍
recmmend sb. fr 推荐某人做……
recmmend sb. as 推荐某人为……
recmmend sth. fr 推荐某物做某种
用途
recmmend ding 建议做……
recmmend sb. t d sth. 建议某人做某事
recmmend that ... 建议……
The teacher recmmended that we (shuld) read the nvel.
老师建议我们读一下这本小说。
Page N.932
易混辨析
intrduce/recmmend
两者都有介绍的意思。intrduce 介绍与某人相识,常用句型intrduce sb. t sb.;recmmend 向某人介绍或推荐,侧重于个人倾向。
温馨提示
recmmend 后可接不定式的复合结构;也可接ding 形式。 类似用法的词还有:allw, advise, frbid, permit,etc。
另外,recmmend 表示主观判断时,后面通常为虚拟语气的宾语从句,从句中谓语动词用shuld+动词原形,shuld 可以省略。类似用法的词还有:
advise, cmmand, demand, desire, insist, rder, prpse, require, suggest, urge, etc。
Page N.933
高手过招
单项填空
①I recmmened an EnglishChinese dictinary, which I thught wuld be f great help t his studies. (2010·01·辽宁大连检测)
A. Buying B. bught C. t buy D. be bught
②It has been that I try these pills fr seasickness. (2010·01·陕西师大附中检测)
A. warned B. said
recmmended D. Argued
解析: ①选A。由句意可知,recmmend此处表示建议,后面直接跟动名词。
②选C。考查动词词义辨析。句意为:别人推荐我试试这些治晕船的药片。It has been recmmended that ...意为“据推荐,据建议……”。
Page N.934
3. substitute
n.代替者;代用品
vt.用……代替……
The regular teacher is ill, s a substitute is teaching.
正式老师生病了,所以由一名代课老师上课。
常用结构:
a substitute fr sth. 某物的代替者(代用品)
substitute A fr B=substitute B with/by A用A代替B
substitute fr 代替
We use hney as a substitute fr sugar.
我们用蜂蜜作糖的替代品。
We must substitute a new chair fr the brken ne.
我们的这把破椅子得换新的了。
Mr Smith substituted fr the teacher wh was sick.
史密斯先生代替了那位生病的老师。
联想拓展
substitutin n. 代替;替换
Page N.935
高手过招
完成句子 (原创)
①我把名单上我的名字换成了你的。
I yur name mine n the list.
②我们推荐的商标完全可以替代原来的。
We recmmend this brand as a gd.
答案:①substituted; fr ②substitute
Page N.936
4. acknwledge
vt.承认;确认;答谢
常用结构:
acknwledge sth. 承认某事
acknwledge ding sth. 承认做了某事
acknwledge that ... 承认……
acknwledge sth./sb. t be/as承认某事/某人是……
acknwledge help 对帮助表示感谢
It is universally (generally) acknwledged that ...
……是大家公认的
Page N.937
They acknwledged having been defeated at last.
最终他们承认被打败了。
He was acknwledged t be the best player.
他被认为是最好的队员。
She is acknwledged as an expert n the subject.
她被认为是这方面的专家。
She acknwledged his help in her letter.
她在信中对他的帮助表示感谢。
It is universally acknwledged that Taiwan is a part f China.
台湾是中国的一部分,这是大家公认的。
联想拓展
acknwledgement n. 承认;感谢
in acknwledgement f 以感谢……
Page N.938
高手过招
(1)同义句转换 (原创)
①They acknwledged having been defeated.
They acknwledged that .
②Mst peple acknwledged that he was inncent.
that he was inncent.
(2)完成句子
①D yu (承认是你的过失)?
②She (被公认为) the best tennis player in
the wrld.
③Stephen Henry (接受……为) his heir.
答案: (1)①they had been defeated
②It was generally acknwledged
(2)①acknwledge yur fault
②is acknwledged as
③acknwledged; as
Page N.939
5. cmfrt
n.舒适;安慰
vt.安慰
Yu are a great cmfrt t yur parents.
你是你父母最大的安慰。
常用结构:
cmfrt 以……安慰;以……使舒适
cmfrt sb.fr sth. 因某事安慰某人
give cmfrt t(sb.) 安慰(某人)
take/have/find cmfrt(in ...)
感到安慰/安心/宽心;(从……中)得 到安慰
She always finds cmfrt in her children when thinking f the lss f her husband.
想到死去的丈夫,她只能从孩子们身上得到安慰。
联想拓展
cmfrtable adj. 安乐的;合适的;令人感到安慰的;充裕的;惬意的
be cmfrtable abut/with sth. 对某事感到轻松/惬意
Page N.940
高手过招
完成句子 (原创)
①任何人都能享受我心爱的椅子所给予的背部舒服。
Anyne can enjy my favrite chair.
②亲人们前来安慰失去父母的那位小孩。
The flks came t /
the lss f his parents.
答案:①cmfrting their backs with
②cmfrt the child fr/give a cmfrt t the child fr
Page N.941
6. ccupy
vt.占有;占领;占据
常用结构:
keep sb.ccupied 使某人忙碌
ccupy neself with/in(ding) sth. 忙于(做)某事
be ccupied in(ding)/with sth. 忙于(做)某事;
正在做某事
The wrkers are ccupied in building new huses.
建筑工人们正忙于建造新房子。
联想拓展
ccupatin n.职业
Please fill in the frm stating yur ccupatin.
请在表格中填入你的职业。
Page N.942
高手过招
完成句子 (原创)
①这个座位有人占吗?
Is / ?
②这种游戏会让孩子们玩上一阵子的。
This game will .
③他在教育部担任要职。
He in the Ministry f Educatin.
④教师不仅要专心于教书还要育人。
A teacher shuld teaching.
答案:①anyne ccupying the seat/this seat ccupied
②keep the children ccupied
③ccupies an imprtant psitin
④be ccupied(ccupy himself/herself)with educatin as well as with
Page N.943
7. cntradict
vt. 反驳; 反对; 否认; 与……矛盾
Yur actins cntradict yur declared mral principles.
你的行为违背了你宣称的道德准则。
The by was very angry and cntradicted his teacher in public.
男孩非常生气,当众反驳了他的老师。
The reprts cntradict each ther. 这些报告相互矛盾。
常用结构:
cntradict neself 自相矛盾
联想拓展
cntradictin n. 矛盾;反驳
cntradictry adj. 相矛盾的
Page N.944
高手过招
翻译句子 (原创)
①他所说的话与事实相矛盾。
②那些事实与他的理论相悖。
答案:①His statement cntradicts with the facts.
②The facts cntradict his thery.
Page N.945
重点短语
8. keep it up
保持优秀成绩;继续干下去
Well dne,and keep it up,Tm! 干得好,汤姆,再接再厉!
联想拓展
keep ne’s head/temper 保持冷静/强压怒火
keep a schl/family/diary 开办学校/养家糊口/写日记
keep ne’s wrd/keep ne’s prmise
履行诺言
keep the law 守法
keep in tuch with 与……保持联系
keep an eye n ... 照看;密切注视
keep up with 跟上;保持同步水平不落后
keep away frm (常与frm连用)远离;不接触
keep t sth. 信守;坚持;坚守;不违背(诺言、
计划等)
keep (ding)sth. 避开;禁止;克制
Page N.946
高手过招
完成句子 (原创)
①We appeal t the gvernment t (降低) prices.
②The plice asked the peple t / (远离) the scene f the accident.
③Thugh things changed,they (坚持;信守) the riginal purpse.
④We asked her t stp talking,but she (继续干下去).
⑤He stpped at a shp fr smething,s he
failed (跟上) his assciates and was left behind.
⑥把你的狗从我这儿拿开!
Keep !
⑦他总是说话算数的。
He always keeps / .
⑧他对他的结论守口如瓶。
He kept .
Page N.947
答案:①keep dwn ②keep away frm/keep ff
③kept t ④kept up ⑤t keep up with
⑥yur dg ff me ⑦his wrd/his prmise
⑧his cnclusin t himself
9. as far as ne is cncerned
就……而言
As far as I am cncerned,I can’t bject t yur marriage.
就我(个人)而言,我不反对你们的婚事。
As far as English is cncerned,he is the best in ur class.
就英语学习方面来说,他是我们班最优秀的。
联想拓展
as/s lng as 只要; 像……一样长
as sn as ... 一……就……
as much as 尽量多地
as far as 远到;就……
Page N.948
高手过招
翻译句子 (原创)
①就我而言, 我完全支持你的想法。
②就这项规则来说,没人能找到它出自何处。
答案: ①As far as I am cncerned, I cmpletely supprt yur idea.
②As far as the rule is cncerned, n ne can find ut where it cmes.
Page N.949
10. settle in
(迁入新居、更换工作后)安顿下来
The Dutch settled in Suth Africa.荷兰人在南非定居。
She didnt settle in Lndn until graduatin frm Cambridge University.
直到从剑桥大学毕业后她才在伦敦定居。
联想拓展
settle (neself) dwn t sth. 安下心来做某事
settle dwn (活动一段时间后)平静 下来;舒舒服服地坐下; 躺下;定居;成家
Page N.950
高手过招
用settle的相关短语填空 (原创)
①It was tw ’clck befre I culd finally writing the next chapter.
②When things abrad,I’ll give yu a call.
答案:①settle dwn t ②settle dwn
重点句型
11. “It’s nt just study that’s difficult. Yu have t get used t a whle new way f life, which can take up all yur cncentratin in the beginning,” explained Xie Lei, wh had lived all her life in the same city in China.
“困难不仅仅是在学习方面,你得适应一种全新的生活方式,在一开始的时候这就会占去你的全部精力,”谢蕾解释说。她在中国时一直居住在同一座城市。
Page N.951
It’s nt just study that’s difficult.是一个强调句型。
It was in the playgrund that ur schl meeting was held.
学校运动会是在操场上举行的。
It was nt just the place f party that was hard t find. We als had t find a prfessinal DJ.
不仅只是晚会的场地难找,而且我们还得找到一个专业的主持人。
答案:①It’s nt just what he said that hurt me s much. What he did als gave me bad impressin n me.
②It’s yesterday that he sent me the message.
Page N.952
选修 8
Page N.953
Unit 1 A land f diversity
Page N.954
核心单词
1. distinctin
n. 差别;区分;卓著
常用结构:
make a distinctin between 对……加以区分
win a distinctin fr 因……而获功勋
withut distinctin 无差别地;一视同仁地
联想拓展
distinct adj. 清晰的;明显的;明确的
be distinct in ... 在某方面与……不同
(as)distinct frm ... 与……不同(的)
He has a distinct gift fr drawing.他有很明显的绘画天赋。
Yu shuld make yur writing distinct.
你应该把字写清楚。
Page N.955
高手过招
翻译句子 (原创)
①There is a distinct pssibility that she’ll be yur teacher next term.
②Thse tw ideas are quite distinct frm each ther.
答案: ①她下学期当你们老师的可能性非常大。
②那两种观点截然不同。
Page N.956
2. means
n. 手段;方法(单数和复数形式相同)
常用结构:
by means f 用……办法;借助……
by all means 一定,务必;好的,当然可以
by n means 决不,一点也不(位于句首时,句子用部分倒装)
by every means 用尽一切可能的办法
易混辨析
means/way/methd
means指“方法、方式、工具”,着重于具体的手段(单复数形式相同)。
way指“一般的方法、方式或个人的特殊方法、方式”,与技巧或效果的好坏无关。
methd指“有系统的、有效率的精心拟定的方法”,也可以指抽象概念“条理”。
a way t d sth./a way f ding sth./a methd f ding sth. 做……的方法
in this way/with the methd/by this means 用这种/些方法
by the way 顺便问一下
n ne’ s way t ... 在去……的路上
in the way 挡住路
Page N.957
温馨提示
means作主语且有every, each等词修饰时,谓语动词用单数;有sme, several, many, few等词修饰时,谓语动词用复数。Radi and televisin are imprtant means f cmmunicatin.
无线电和电视是重要的通信手段。
Please find an alternative means f transprt.
请另外找一种运输方式。
Every means has been tried. 每种方法都试过了。
All means have been tried. 所有方法都试过了。
She culd nt speak, but made her wishes knwn by means f signs.她不会说话,但她用手势表达了她的愿望。
Page N.958
高手过招
(1)单项填空
—May I have a lk at yur bk?
— . (2010·01·江苏南京检测)
A. By this means B. By all means
C. By this way D. By any means
(2)翻译句子 (原创)
①这绝非解决问题的良计。
②他借助一根绳子慢慢地下来了。
解析: (1) 选B。by all means意为“一定;当然可以”,符合句意。
(2)①This is by n means a gd way t slve the prblem.
②He let himself dwn slwly by means f a rpe.
Page N.959
3. majrity
n. 大多数;大半
A/The majrity f dctrs agree that smking is extremely harmful t health.
大多数医生认为吸烟对健康极为有害。
The majrity was/were in favur f the prpsal.
多数人赞成这个建议。
常用结构:
be in the/a majrity 构成大部分/大多数
a majrity ver sb. 超过对方的票数
联想拓展
majr adj.&n. 较大的;主要的;主修,专攻
minrity adj.&n. 少数;少数民族;未成年
Page N.960
高手过招
(1)单项填空
Every means been tried and all well nw.
A. have; g B. has; g
C. has; ges D. have; ges
(2)完成句子 (原创)
English speakers frm the (大多数) f the ppulatin.
(3)用适当的介词填空
①Amng the members f the cmmittee thse wh favur the changes are the majrity.
②They had a large majrity the ther party at the last electin.
(4)用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
①The majrity f peple (prefer) peace t war.
②The majrity f the damage (be) easy t repair.
Page N.961
解析:(1) 选B。 考查means作主语时谓语动词的形式。means意为“方式,方法”,单复数形式相同,被every修饰时谓语动词用单数形式;被all修饰时谓语动词用复数形式。
(2)Majrity (3) ①in ②ver
(4) ①prefer/prefers ②is
4. ccur
vi. 发生;存在;出现
常用结构:
ccur t (主意或想法突然)浮现于脑中;被想起,被想到
it ccurs t sb. t d sth. 使某人想到做某事
it ccurs t sb. that ... 某人想到……
Just then an idea ccurred t me. 就在那时我想起了一个主意。
It suddenly ccurred t me that I had left my umbrella upstairs.我突然想到我把伞忘在楼上了。
Page N.962
易混辨析
happen/ccur/take place
happen是一般用语,尤其指偶然发生,表示“碰巧、恰好”的意思。
ccur 文言意味较浓,常指某特定事物的发生,也可以表示某种想法出现在人的头脑中。
take place 指事先计划或预料到的“发生”,此外还有“举行”的意思。
New things are happening all arund us.
新事物在我们周围不断发生。
The explsin ccurred at 5:30 a.m.
爆炸发生在早上5点30分。
When will the basketball game take place?
篮球赛何时举行?
Page N.963
高手过招
单项填空
It suddenly t the detective that the millinaire was prbably murdered by his wn daughter.
(2010·01·安徽合肥检测)
Happened B. ccurred C. thught D. tk place
解析:选B。由空格后的t可知,选B。ccur t 一个想法突然呈现……。
Page N.964
5. indicate
vt. 指出;标示;表明;暗示
I asked him where my sister was and he indicated the shp ppsite.我问他我姐姐在哪,他指了指对面的商店。
Research indicates that men find it easier t give up smking than wmen.研究显示男人比女人更容易戒烟。
常用结构:
indicate sth. (t sb.)
向(某人)表示某事;把……指给(某人)看
indicate that ...表示……;示意……
联想拓展
indicatin n. 指出;表明
indicative adj.指示的;暗示的
Page N.965
高手过招
完成句子 (原创)
①The gvernment has (表明) that it intends t cut taxes.
②A flashing red light (标示) that a stretch f rad was underging repairs.
③There is every (表明) f a change in the weather.
答案: ①indicated ② indicated ③indicatin
Page N.966
重点短语
6. live n
继续存在;继续生存
She lived n fr many years after her husband died.
丈夫死后她继续活了许多年。
联想拓展
live n sth. 以某物为食;靠某种经济来源生活
live by ding sth. 靠做某事为生
live fr sth. 以某事物为生活目标
live thrugh sth. 经历某事物而幸存
live up t sth.
依照某事物行事;表现出符合某事物的标准
live with sth. 接受或容忍某现象
live t be... = live t the age f... 活到……岁
live a... life 过着……的生活
Page N.967
高手过招
用live的相关短语填空 (原创)
①The lnely ld man charity.
②Mzart was dead but his music .
③My grandfather bth wrld wars.
④We shuld wrk hard and try t ur parents’ expectatins.
⑤The brave girl is learning t her disability.
答案:① lives n ② lives n ③ lived thrugh
④ live up t ⑤ live with
Page N.968
7. team up with
(与某人)一起工作(尤指为共同目标);与……合作
The tw cmpanies have teamed up t develp a new racing car.那两个公司已合作研制新型赛车。
高手过招
完成句子 (原创)
He (与某人一起合作) his brther in the dubles.
答案: teamed/teams up with
Page N.969
8. mark ut
划线;标出……的界线
They marked ut the tennis curt with white paint.
他们用白漆标出了网球场的界线。
Sme f the best pupils have been marked ut fr special training.已经选出几名出色的学生进行专门训练。
联想拓展
mark sb. ut fr sth. 选出/选定某人做某事
mark dwn 写下,记下;降低……的价格
mark up 标出;提高……的价格
mark in 加画;绘入
mark ut fr 看中;选定
Just a mment. Let me mark dwn yur name and address.等一下,让我把你的姓名和地址记下来。
Sme shps marked up the gds unfairly.
有几家商店的货价提高得不合理。
He marked the bk dwn t 49 cents.
他把书的标价降为49分。
Page N.970
高手过招
翻译句子 (原创)
①他被选定担当更高的职位。
②我把那一点记在我的笔记本上。
答案:①He was marked ut fr a higher psitin.
②I marked that dwn in my ntebk.
Page N.971
9. take in
包括;吸收;接纳;欺骗
The students find it easy t take in what yu teach.
学生们发现你讲课很容易理解。
He had nwhere t sleep s we ffered t take him in.
他没地方可以睡觉,于是我们就提出让他留宿。
联想拓展
take apart 拆开;剖析,抨击(论点等)
take dwn 拿下,取下;拆卸;记下
take back 取回,带回;收回说过的话;使……回忆 起昔日
take care f 照料;保管
take up 开始从事;占用(时间或空间);着手处理
take medicine 服药
take it easy 别紧张,慢慢来
take ver 继承;接收,接管
take ff 脱下(衣服等);起飞
take n 承担,从事;呈现
take ne s place 入座;代替某人的位置
take ne s time 不急,慢慢干
Page N.972
高手过招
用take的相关短语填空 (原创)
①Dn’ t be by his prmises.
②Wh d yu think will nw that the gvernr has been dismissed?
③These bxes f yurs are t much space.
④I was really when seeing ld phts.
⑤Dear ladies and gentlemen,please nw .The pera is sn t begin.
⑥Tm carefully what the teacher said.
答案: ①taken in ②take ver ③taking up
④taken back ⑤take yur place
⑥tk dwn
Page N.973
重点句型
10. Exactly when the first peple arrived in what we nw knw as Califrnia, n ne really knws.
最早一批人具体是在什么时候来到我们现在了解的加利福尼亚地区的,谁也说不清楚。
what we nw knw as Califrnia是一个由what引导的名词性从句,作arrive in的宾语, what是复合关系代词,相当于the thing(s) that。因此,在名词性从句中可以用the thing(s) that取代的,只能用what。
Page N.974
联想拓展
①名词性从句中what与that的区别:that在名词性从句中不作句子成分,what必须作句子成分。
②名词性从句中what与which的区别:指代前文已经提到过的对象或范围时,用which,否则用what。
What he said sunds reasnable.
他说的听起来有道理。(what作said的宾语)
That ur team has wn the game has been prved.
已经证实我们队赢得了比赛。
(that在主语从句中不作句子成分)
There are many bks available. I dn t knw which t read.有许多书可供阅读,但我不知道读哪一本。
(which指的是前文提到的bks中的一本)
What bk d yu want t buy?
你想买哪种书?(没有提及买什么书或哪一类书)
Page N.975
高手过招
选词填空(that/what) (原创)
①This is he wanted.
②This is the thing he wanted.
③She is n lnger she used t be.
④She is n lnger the persn she used t be.
答案: ①what ②that ③what ④that
Page N.976
Unit 2 Clning
核心单词
1. differ
v. 不同;相异;使……相异
常用结构:
A differs frm B in 与B在……方面不同
A differs with B abut/n/ver... A与B就……意见相左
Their huse differs frm mine in having n garage.
他们的房子与我的不同,区别在于他们的没有车库。
The tw sides still differ with each ther ver the questin f pay.双方在报酬的问题上仍各持己见。
Page N.977
联想拓展
difference n. 不同之处
different adj. 不同的
make a difference t 对……产生变化;对什么有
影响
different frm 与……不同,不同于高手过
招
Page N.978
高手过招
用适当的介词填空 (原创)
①The tw squares differ clur but nt size.
②The husband differs the wife wh is t take charge f the mney.
③It desnt make a difference me whether yu are ging t stay.
④This is a different car the ne I drve yesterday.
答案:1. ①in; in ②with; n/abut/ver
③t ④frm
Page N.979
2. undertake
vt.(undertk;undertaken)着手;从事;承担;保证,答应
常用结构:
undertake sth. 着手/从事/承担某事
undertake t d sth. 保证/答应做某事
undertake that ...保证……
The scientist undertakes the experiment.
这位科学家从事这项实验。
I can undertake the respnsibility fr the changes.
我愿意承担这些变革的责任。
The lawyer undertk a new case.
那个律师接了一个新的案子。
He undertk t finish the jb by Friday.
他答应星期五之前完成这项工作。
Page N.980
高手过招
翻译句子 (原创)
①他下个月要去西部旅行。
He will undertake a jurney t the west next mnth.
②我不能保证按时做完它。
I cant undertake that Ill finish it n time.
3. bjectin
n. 不赞成;反对;异议
常用结构:
have an bjectin t ... 反对……
raise/vice an bjectin 提出异议
Page N.981
联想拓展
bject v. 反对,不赞成
n. 物体;目标
bject t sb./sth. 不赞成某人/某事
bject t ding sth. 反对做某事
bject that ... 反对……
N ne bjected t the plan.没有人反对这项计划。
We bject t being treated like this.
我们反对受到这样的待遇。
Why d sme peple bject t human clning?
为什么一些人反对克隆人类呢?
Mther bjected that Jimmy was t weak t take up the jb.
母亲反对说,吉米身体太虚弱,不能承担那份工作。
The building is the main bject f his interest.
他最感兴趣的是这栋建筑物。
Page N.982
高手过招
单项填空
We t punishing a whle grup fr ne persns fault. (2010·01·江西南昌检测)
Cmplain B. bject C. ppse D. resist
解析:选B。句意为:我们反对因为一个人的错误而惩罚整体。bject t ding sth.反对做某事。
4. btain
vt. 获得;赢得
Page N.983
易混辨析
btain/acquire/gain/earn/achieve
btain意为“获得,买到”。指通过努力或请求而得到,含有满足要求或得达到目的的意味,用于正式语体中。
acquire意为“经过努力逐步获得才能、知识、习惯等,也可用于表示对财物等的获得”,强调“一经获得就会长期持有”的含义。
gain意为“通过较大努力获得某种利益或好处;亦可指军事上的武力夺取等”。
earn意为“挣得,赢得”,指因工作等而得到报酬或待遇。
achieve意为“得到;获得”,多指成就、目标、幸福的取得。
Page N.984
He failed t btain a schlarship.
他没有获得奖学金。
I finally managed t btain a cpy f the reprt.
我终于设法弄到了这个报告的副本。
We shuld try t acquire gd habits.
我们应该努力养成好习惯。
He fund it easy t earn extra mney.
他发现赚点额外收入很容易。
But we can nly achieve it tgether.
然而,只有共同奋斗才能实现它。
Page N.985
高手过招
翻译句子 (原创)
①The jurnalist immediately set ut t btain these imprtant facts.
那位新闻记者立即着手获取这些重要的事实。
②Knwledge can be btained thrugh study.
知识可通过学习获得。
Page N.986
5. frbid
vt. (frbade/frbad; frbidden) 禁止;不准;阻止;妨碍
常用结构:
frbid sth./ding sth. 禁止,不许(做某事)
frbid sb. t d sth. 禁止某人做某事
The law frbids the use f chemical fertilizers.
法律禁止使用化学肥料。
I frbid yu t tell anyne.
我不准你告诉任何人。
Page N.987
高手过招
翻译句子 (原创)
①飞机上禁止吸烟。
Smking is frbidden n the plane.
②他爸爸不准他和她交谈。
His father frbade him t talk t her.
③要禁止小孩不玩电脑游戏很难。
It is hard t frbid children t play cmputer games.
Page N.988
6. we
vt. 欠(账、钱、人情等);应该把……归功于……;感激,感恩
常用结构:
we sb. sth. = we sth. t sb. 欠(某人)债
we sth. t sb./sth.将某事物归因或归功于某人/事
He wes his father £50. = He wes £50 t his father.
他欠他父亲50英镑。
We we this discvery t Newtn.
我们把这一发现归功于牛顿。
Page N.989
高手过招
用适当的介词填空 (原创)
①Hw much d I we yu the grceries?
②He wes his success mre luck than ability.
③I we a lt my wife and children.
答案:①fr②t; t③ t
Page N.990
7. resist
vt.抵抗;对抗
常用结构:
resist sth. 抵制;阻挡某事
resist ding sth. 反对做某事
cant resist ding sth. 忍不住做某事
The natin was unable t resist the invasin.
该国无力抵抗侵略。
A healthy bdy resists disease.
健康的身体能抵御疾病。
I culd hardly resist laughing.
我忍不住笑了。
Page N.991
resistance n. 抵抗,反抗;抵抗力
resistant adj. 抵抗的;有抵抗力的
be resistant t sb./sth.对某人/某事有抵抗力
resister n. 抵制者;抗拒者;电阻器
高手过招
翻译句子 (原创)
①He resisted being carried ff.
他阻挡别人把他带走。
②She can nt resist the temptatin f chclate.
她无法抗拒巧克力的诱惑 。
Page N.992
重点短语
8. pay ff
得到好结果,取得成功(常用主动语态);偿清债款;付清工资解雇;(对……进行)报复;收买(某人)
At last, his hard wrk paid ff.
最后,他的努力得到了回报。
Did yur plan pay ff? 你的计划成功了吗?
联想拓展
pay fr付……的钱;为……而付出代价
pay back sth./pay sb. back sth. 偿还某物/偿还某人某物
pay sb. sth. 因某事而付给某人……
pay sb. d sth. 付给某人……去做某事
pay sb. back fr sth. 向……报复
Page N.993
高手过招
(1)单项填空
If yu g fr a lng ride in a friends car, its the custm t ffer t sme f the expenses. (2010·01·江苏启东检测)
A. pay B. pay ff C. pay fr D. pay back
(2)用pay的相关短语填空(原创)
①After ten years f hard wrking she finally
her debt.
②Our effrts are sure t .
③Have yu the milkman this week?
④Have yu the mney the bank yet?
⑤I will yu next week.
答案:(1)解析:选C。根据句意可知,这里表示“为……偿付一部分费用”,故选C。pay fr 为……而付钱;为……付出代价。
(2)① paid ff②pay ff③paid④paid; t⑤pay; back
Page N.994
9. in favur f
赞成;支持;有利于;主张
I am in favur f stpping wrk nw. 我赞成现在停止工作。
in sb.s favur 对某人有利
d sb. a favur /d a favur fr sb. 帮某人忙
d sb. the favur t d sth./d sb. a favur by ding sth.帮助某人做某事
favur vt. 赞同;支持
The child favurs his father with his brwn eyes.
这个孩子棕色的眼睛像他的父亲。
温馨提示
表示“支持,赞同某人/某事”除了用in favur f之外;还可以用:be fr sb./sth.; stand n nes side等。
be against sb./sth.表示“不支持,不赞同某人/某事”。
Page N.995
高手过招
(1)单项填空
I dnt like t ask peple fr help as a rule but I wnder if yu culd me a favur. (2010·01·江苏启东检测)
A. make B. d C. find D. get
(2)用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空 (原创)
in case f/in cnsequence f/in favur f/in pssessin f
①All his family are his decisin t wrk in western area after graduatin.
②While reading, cming acrss new wrds, yu’d better guess their meanings rather than refer t the dictinary.
③Mary tld me that she was sme lvely jewels.
④They had t mve t anther city the typhn.
答案:(1)解析:选B。句意为:通常我不喜欢向别人寻求帮助,但我希望你能帮我的忙。d sb. a favur 帮某人忙。
(2)①in favur f ②in case f
Page N.996
10. (be) bund t d ...
一定或注定(做)……
The weather is bund t get better tmrrw.
明天天气一定会变好的。
Yuve dne s much wrk that yure bund t pass the exam.你下了这么大功夫, 一定能通过考试。
联想拓展
bund v. 跳跃;限制;形成……的界限
n. 跳跃;界限;范围
adj.必然的,一定的
be bund t sth. 受……限制;被……所束缚
be bund fr 准备到……去;开往;去……地方
be bund up with 与……有密切关系
Page N.997
高手过招
用括号内所给词语的适当形式填空 (原创)
①These prblems were almst bund (arise).
②When yu are dealing with s many patients, mistakes (bund) happen.
答案: ① t arise ②are bund t
11. be in gd/pr cnditin
状况很好(坏);情况很好(坏)
联想拓展
ut f cnditin 状况欠佳
wrking/living/studying cnditins工作/生活/学习环境
n cnditin (that)... 在……条件下;
倘若……
n n cnditin 一点也不; 决不
in excellent cnditin 处于极佳的状况
Page N.998
The ship is nt in a cnditin/is in n cnditin t make a lng vyage. 此船的现状不适宜远航。
The car is still in excellent cnditin. 这辆汽车状况极佳。
高手过招
用适当的介词填空 (原创)
①The car has been well maintained and is excellent cnditin.
②He’s excellent cnditin a man f his age.
③I had n exercise fr ages; Im really f cnditin.
④Yu can g ut cnditin that yu wear an vercat.
答案:① in ②in; fr ③ut ④n
Page N.999
重点句型
12. Then came the disturbing news that Dlly had becme seriusly ill.
接着传来了多莉病重的坏消息。
当时间副词nw, then位于句首,谓语是cme, appear等表示“出现”一类的动词时,主句用全倒装语序。
Nw cmes yur turn. 现在轮到你了。
高手过招
单项填空
In the dark frests , sme large enugh t hld several English twns. (2010·01·河南镇平检测)
A. stand many lakes B. lie many lakes
C. many lakes lie D. many lakes stand
解析:选B。考查词语辨析及倒装语序。当地点状语位于句首时,主句用全部倒装,表示某物存在于某处,应用动词lie。
Page N.1000
Unit 3 Inventrs and inventins
核心单词
1. distinguish
vi.&vt. 显示……的差别;使……有所不同;辨别(常与frm, between连用);区别;区分
I can distinguish them at a distance.
从远处我就能认出他们。
The man distinguishes himself by his wisdm.
这个人因他的才智而扬名。
Page N.1001
常用结构:
distinguish A frm B 辨别A与B
be distinguished frm 不同于……
be distinguished by 以……为特征
be distinguished fr 因……而著称
distinguish neself 使出众;使著名
高手过招
(1)单项填空
It is nt easy t cultured pearls frm genuine pearls. (2010·01·河南郑州检测)
A. distinguish B. separate
C. identify D. recgnize
(1)解析:选A。考查词语辨析。distinguish 辨别,把……和……区别开;separate 把……隔开;identify辨别;recgnize认出,这两个词后面都不跟frm。
Page N.1002
(2)完成句子 (原创)
①Can yu distinguish (中间) thse tw bjects?
②Children shuld be taught t (分辨是非).
③Speech human beings (不同于……) the animals.
④The Chinese natin is (因……而著称) its diligence and curage.
答案:①between
② distinguish right frm wrng
③distinguishes; frm
④distinguished fr
Page N.1003
2. cnvenient
adj.便利的,方便的;就近的
常用结构:
be cnvenient t/fr sb. 对(某人)方便
It is cnvenient t d sth. 做某事方便
Our huse is very cnvenient fr the shps.
我们的房子离商店很近。
联想拓展
cnvenience n. 方便
at yur cnvenience 在你方便的时候
if it suits a persns cnvenience如果对某人方便
fr the cnvenience f sb. 为了某人方便起见
Page N.1004
高手过招
(1)单项填空
Our new huse is very fr me as I can get t the ffice in five minutes. (2010·01·河南洛阳检测)
A. Adaptable B. cmfrtable
C. cnvenient D. available
(2)完成句子 (原创)
Cme and see me (无论你何时方便).
(3)选词填空(cnvenient/cnvenience)
①We must arrange a time and place fr the meeting.
②I keep my reference bks near by desk fr .
Page N.1005
(1)解析:选C。由in five minutes可知,此处应表示“便利的,方便的”。A项意为“能适应的”;B项意为“舒适的”;D项意为“可以利用”,均不符合句意。
(2)whenever it s cnvenient t yu
(3)①cnvenient ②cnvenience
3. bear
vt. 忍受;具有,带有;显示 (标记或特性);忍耐;负担
The letter bears n signature.这封信上没有署名。
Page N.1006
易混辨析
bear/endure/stand/tlerate
bear强调忍受者对痛苦、忧虑、烦恼以及责任的承受力,常用于否定句中。
endure意为“经受长期的艰难、困苦或折磨而不屈服”,强调持久力和意志坚强,常用于否定句中。
stand强调不屈不挠或经受得起,常用于否定句中。
温馨提示
tlerate意为“忍受某人或某种行为而不反抗”,语气最弱,可用于肯定句和否定句中。bear表示“忍受”时其后可跟ding sth.表示习惯性动作,也可跟t d sth.表示某一次具体动作,且多与 can, culd,be able t连用;作“生产,生育”讲时,有两种过去分词形式:brne指“生产,生育”,而 brn 指“出生”。
Page N.1007
高手过招
(1)单项填空
I dnt think ur relatinship culd the strain f her mther visiting fr a mnth.
(2010·01·浙江嘉兴检测)
A. bear B. tell C. put up D. hld
(2)选词填空(bear/endure/stand/tlerate) (原创)
①Our tent wn’t anther strm like the last ne.
②I can’t t wait any lnger.
③Shes already had t three painful peratins n her leg.
④I will nt that srt f behaviur in my class.
(1)解析:选A。bear 承受,符合句意;tell区别,告诉;put up 举起,张贴;hld持有。
(2)①stand ②bear ③endure ④tlerate
Page N.1008
4. seize
vt. 抓住;捉住;占据;(指强烈的感情﹑愿望等)突然影响或控制(某人);夺
She seized me by the wrist. 她抓住了我的手腕。
Panic seized us. 我们惊恐万状。
常用结构:
seize/hld f sth. 抓住某物
seize a chance/an pprtunity 抓住时机
seize n/upn sth. 意识到某事物而立即加以利用
Page N.1009
高手过招
完成句子 (原创)
①His father asked him (抓住时机赚一些钱).
②We (身不由己) by a sudden impulse t run.
③The critics (抓住) my mistake and said I was ignrant.
答案: ①t seize the chance t make sme mney
②were seized ③seized n
Page N.1010
5. expectatin
n. 预料;期待;期望
He has little expectatin f passing the exam.
他对考试及格不抱希望。
I usually enjy his films, but the last ne didn’ t cme t my expectatins.
我向来喜欢看他的电影,但最近的一部并不像我期望的那样好。
常用结构:
beynd expectatin 出乎意料
in expectatin f 预料,期望,指望
against all expectatin(s) 与预期相反,出乎意料
cme up t nes expectatins 不负(某人)所望
Page N.1011
温馨提示
expectatin 为不可数名词,当其意为“期望的事物,前景”时,常用复数形式。
高手过招
完成句子 (原创)
我们在车站等着,期待她的到来。
We waited at the statin her arrival.
答案:in expectatin f
Page N.1012
重点短语
6. g thrugh
经历(困难、痛苦等);通过,成功,成交;审阅,检查;翻找,查看,搜寻;穿过,通过
The plan didnt g thrugh. 计划没通过。
A terrible nise went thrugh the huse.
一阵可怕的声音响彻整幢房子。
联想拓展
lk thrugh 浏览;看破;温习
read thrugh 通读;连续
flw thrugh 流过;流经;通过……流动
get thrugh 通过;接通;使……成功
search thrugh 搜寻,查找
carry sth. thrugh 成功地完成
put sth. thrugh 完成或达成(计划、方案)
Page N.1013
高手过招
单项填空
I have never this kind f thing, s I’m afraid. (2010·01·浙江绍兴检测)
A. lk thrugh B. lked thrugh
C. gt thrugh D. gne thrugh
解析:选D。根据句意可知,此处应意为“经历,经手”。故选D。
7. call up
征召;召集服兵役;唤起;使人回忆;带入心中;给……打电话
He called me up t tell me the gd news.
他打电话给我并告诉我这个好消息。
I was called up three mnths after war brke ut.
战争爆发后的第三个月,我被应征入伍。
Page N.1014
联想拓展
call back 召回;回电话;收回处理
call n/at 拜访(n后跟人;at后跟地点名词)
call fr 要求;提倡;为……叫喊
call frth 使产生;引起
call in 召集;召来;来访
call ff 取消;延期
call ut 出动;唤起;大声叫唤
call n d号召……做
Page N.1015
高手过招
用适当的介词或副词填空 (原创)
①This is the wrk that calls patience.
②Human Rights grups are calling the release f plitical prisners.
③He had t call the meeting because f the bad weather.
④I’ll call him tmrrw, d yu want t visit him with me?
⑤The cmpany has called all such mdels as built in 1990.
⑥The gvernment then called trps t deal with the disturbances.
⑦The ld pht calls memries f my childhd.
答案:①fr ②fr ③ff ④n ⑤back ⑥ in ⑦up
Page N.1016
8. get thrugh
设法联系上(尤指打通电话);(设法)做完;通过考试;用光;用完;使成功;使理解;明白
We were all delighted when we heard yu had gt thrugh the exam.
听到你通过考试时,我们都很高兴。
联想拓展
get acrss 通过;使……理解
get ver 越过,克服(困难);从(疾病)……恢复过来
get thrugh with 结束;完成;花光(钱财等)
高手过招
单项填空
I culdn’t .The line was busy. (2010·01·浙江台州检测)
g by B. g arund C. get in D. get thrugh
解析:选D。由“The line was busy”可知,这里指“电话没有接通”。g by从旁边经过;g arund走来走去;get in收获;get thrugh接通电话,符合句意。
Page N.1017
9. set abut sth./ding sth./(t d)
(不用于被动语态) 开始(某工作); 着手做某事
I must set abut my packing. 我得开始收拾行李了。
The new gvernment must set abut finding slutins t the cuntrys ecnmic prblems.
新政府必须立即找出解决国家经济问题的办法。
联想拓展
set sth. aside 将某事物放在一边;节省或保留(钱或时间)
set sth. dwn 将某事物记在纸上; 写下来
set ut 出发;启程;(怀着目标)开始工作
set ff 开始(旅行、赛跑等)
set sth. ff 使(炸弹、地雷等)爆炸
set t 精力充沛地开始做某事
set sth. up 摆放或竖起某物;创(体育)纪录
Page N.1018
高手过招
用适当的介词填空(原创)
①I dn’t knw hw t set this jb.
②She set a new wrld recrd time the 100metre race.
③They set n the last stage their jurney.
④Hw d senir managers set making these decisins?
答案:① abut ②up; in ③ut; f ④abut
Page N.1019
10. in case
如果;以防万一;万一
It may rain-yud better take an umbrella (just) in case (it des).
可能下雨——你最好带把伞,以防万一(下起来)。
联想拓展
in case f sth. 若发生某事;假如
in any case 无论如何;总之
in n case 在任何情形下决不;无论如何都不
in that case 既然那样;假若是那样的话
Page N.1020
高手过招
完成句子 (原创)
① (遇火灾时), ring the alarm bell.
②Yu dn’t like yur jb? (既然那样), why dn’t yu leave?
③Bring sme mney with yu (以防万一) yu want t buy smething.
答案:①In case f fire
② In that case
③in case
Page N.1021
重点句型
11. The first thing I did was t see if there were any prducts that might help me, but there nly seemed t be pwders designed t kill snakes.
我所做的第一件事就是看看有没有现成的产品能帮助我。但是,看来只有一种毒杀蛇的药粉。
在there be结构中,be的人称与数应遵循就近原则。
There was a bucket f water and tw chairs in the crner f the huse.
在房子的角落里有一桶水和两把椅子。
There are tw chairs and a bucket f water in the crner f the huse.
在房子的角落里有两把椅子和一桶水。
Page N.1022
联想拓展
there be的常见形式有:there seems t be.../there happens t be.../there used t be
高手过招
根据句意在横线上填入适当的单词(原创)
①The child seems (be) healthy, but the dctr is cncerned.
②It seems t me there’s smething funny abut the case.
③There desn’t seem (be) much hpe that he’ll cme.
答案: ①t be ②that ③t be
Page N.1023
12. it was nt until five days later that Bell sent his first telephne message t his assistant Watsn.
……但是贝尔是在五天以后才跟他的助手华生通了第一次电话。
该句是“It is/was nt until+被强调部分+that+其他”结构。
句中用了“nt ...”的强调句结构,此句型只用until,不用till。但如果不是用在强调句型中,till与until可通用;另外主句中的否定词nt 要提出来,放在until之前一起强调,因此that后面的从句要用肯定句,不能再用否定句。
He didnt g t bed until/till his wife came back.
=It was nt until his wife came back that he went t bed.
直到他的妻子回来他才睡觉。
Page N.1024
温馨提示
nt until置于句首时,要用部分倒装句型,这时要注意从句不倒装,只倒装主句。
Nt until last week did they find the lst bike.
直到上个星期他们才找到丢失的自行车。
Nt until my sn had entered the university did he realize the imprtance f time.
我的儿子直到上了大学之后才意识到时间的重要性。
Page N.1025
高手过招
单项填空
①It was midnight back hme after the experiment. (2010·福建厦门双十中学检测)
A. until; that he went
B. until; that he didnt g
C. nt until; that he didnt
D. nt until; that he went
②Nt until I began t wrk realize hw much time I had wasted. (2010·福建厦门双十中学检测)
didn’t I B. did I C. I didn’t D. I
①解析:选D。从题干和选项很容易看出这是一个含有nt until 的强调句。基本句型为“It is/was nt until+被强调部分+that+其他成分”,故排除A、B两项。否定词nt 已提前,故主句中为肯定句,故选D。句意为:直到半夜做完实验后他才回来。
②解析:选B。nt until的倒装句型,用部分倒装,助动词提到主语之前,而且nt已经移到句首,因此句中不能再出现,故选B。
Page N.1026
Unit 4 Pygmalin
核心单词
1. adaptatin
n.[C] 改编本;适应性
The play is an adaptatin f a shrt nvel.
这部戏剧是一部短篇小说的改编本。
The adaptatin f animals t the envirnment is rather slw.
动物对环境的适应是相当慢的。
常用结构:
adaptatin t 对……的适应
Page N.1027
联想拓展
adapt vt.使适应(合);修改,改编
vi. (t)适应
adapt neself t 使适应;使适合
高手过招
完成句子 (原创)
①He tried hard t himself (使自己适应) the new cnditins.
②He made a quick (适应) the new envirnment.
③When they mved t Canada, the children (适应) the change very well.
答案:①adapt; t ②adaptatin t ③adapted t
Page N.1028
2. betray
vt. 背叛(某人);出卖(国家,朋友)给……;泄露秘密
常用结构:
betray ... 出卖(国家,朋友)给……
betray neself 无意中露出本性
He shuldnt betray his cuntry t the enemy.
他不该出卖国家给敌人。
The fficer betrayed the secret t his friends.
那军官把秘密向朋友泄露了。
Page N.1029
联想拓展
betrayer n. 背叛者,告密者
betrayal n. 背叛,卖国
an act f betrayal 背叛行为
高手过招
单项填空
When I asked the news, he his happiness.
(2010·平顶山一中1月月考)
expressed B. betrayed C. shwed D. said
解析:选B。句意为:当我问他这个消息时,他显露出高兴的样子。express表达;shw表明;均不合句意;betray显示,显露;符合句意。
Page N.1030
3. cndemn
vt. 责难;责备;谴责某人;判处……有罪
We cndemn his flish behavir.我们谴责他的愚蠢行为。
常用结构:
cndemn sb./sth. as 谴责/指责某人/某事为……
cndemn sb. t sth. 判处某人某种刑罚
cndemn sb. t d sth. 把……逼入某状态,使某人注定……
be cndemned/sentenced t death 被判处死刑
The criminal was cndemned t death.
那个罪犯被判处死刑。
联想拓展
cndemnatin n. 责难;判罪
Page N.1031
高手过招
(1)单项填空
The September 11 Attack has been by the entire internatinal cmmunity. (2010·河南焦作一中1月月考)
A. Cndemned B. sclded C. criticized D. blamed
(2)完成句子 (原创)
①She knew that sciety wuld (指责) her fr leaving her children.
②There was widespread internatinal (国际谴责) f the bmbing.
③He was fund guilty and cndemned death. (判处死刑)
答案: (1)解析:选A。cndemn谴责;符合句意。scld 斥责;criticize批评;blame责怪。
(2)①cndemn ② cndemnatin ③t
Page N.1032
4. acquaintance
n.[U]相识;熟悉;熟知
n.[C]相识的人,熟人
I have sme acquaintance with the Russian.
我懂一点俄语。
She was a casual acquaintance in Vienna.
她是我在越南的一个熟人。
常用结构:
make nes acquaintance=make the acquaintance with sb. 结识某人
联想拓展:
acquaint vt. 使熟知,告知
acquaint sb. with ... 使某人认识/了解……
Page N.1033
高手过招
根据句子的意思在横线上填入适当的词 (原创)
①The musician had little acquaintance mdern science.
②I am delighted t yur acquaintance.
③She has many in the business cmmunity.
④I have sme acquaintance Spanish.
⑤I need t myself with the new regulatins.
答案: ①with ②make ③ acquaintances
④with ⑤acquaint
Page N.1034
5. frtune
n. [U]命运;运气;机会;
[C]财产;财富
She had the gd frtune t be free frm illness.
她运气好,没得病。
It is believed that it will bring gd frtune in the cming year.
据说它能为人们在新的一年里带来好运气。
常用结构:
make a frtune发财
seek nes frtune外出找出路
try nes frtune碰运气
联想拓展:
frtunate adj.幸运的;幸福的
be frtunate t d sth./in ding sth. 幸运做某事
Page N.1035
高手过招
完成句子 (原创)
①He (发了财) by selling huses.
②She (寻求她的财富) in anther cuntry.
(不幸的是), the fire spread quickly after it had started.
答案: ①made a frtune
②sught her frtune
③Unfrtunately
Page N.1036
6. cmprmise
vi. 作出妥协,让步
vt. 损害名誉;危急;连累
n. [U][C]妥协;和解;让步
Such cnduct will cmprmise yur reputatin.
如此举动将会损害你的名誉。
The dispute between the tw cuntries was slved by cmprmise.
两国之间的纷争由于互相让步而解决了。
常用结构:
reach/arrive at/wrk ut a cmprmise 达成妥协
make a cmprmise with 与……妥协
温馨提示:
cmprmise用作动词或名词时,常与介词n, between搭配。
Page N.1037
高手过招
单项填空
If we all agree t make with each ther—when we are in disputes, wars are frever gne and we are surely live in peace. (2010·山东济南一中1月月考)
A. adjustment B. cmprmise
C. prmise D. acquaintance
解析:选B。按照句意:前句意思“如果我们彼此之间做出妥协和让步……”;make cmprmise with与……妥协;符合句意。
Page N.1038
7. verlk
vt. 忽略;没注意;俯瞰,俯视
Yu have verlked several f the mistakes in this wrk.
你忽略了这个工作中的几个错误。
The secretary is very careful and never verlks any little pints.
秘书是个很细心的人,她从不忽视细节。
The huse n the hill verlks the village.
从山上的房子可以俯视村庄。
Page N.1039
易混辨析
verlk/neglect/ignre
verlk 意为“忽略”,多指由于草率、放任或没有注意到而忽视某事。
neglect 指没有给予或很少给予,后面接sb./sth.,还可以接t d sth./ding sth.。
ignre 指有意识的拒绝,不给予理睬,后面可接sb./sth.,不跟不定式。
高手过招
单项填空
American wmen were the right t vte until 1920 after years f hard struggle. (2010·潍坊一轮验收)
A. Ignred B. denied
C. verlked D. neglected
解析:选B。deny sb. sth.拒绝给予。
Page N.1040
重点短语
8. pass sb. ff as...
把某人改变或冒充成……
He escaped by passing himself ff as a guard.
他冒充警卫逃走了。
She passed him ff as her husband.
她把他假充作自己的丈夫。
联想拓展:
pass sth. t sb. 将某物递给某人
pass away 去世
pass dwn/n... 把……传给后世
t 把……传递给……
pass by 走过;经过
pass thrugh 通过;穿过
Page N.1041
高手过招
用适当的介词或副词填空 (原创)
①Pass the bk me when yuve finished it.
②I was srry t learn that his mther had passed .
③She passed a difficult perid after her marriage failed.
④They bught up pieces f ld furniture and passed them valuable antiques.
答案:①n t ②away ③thrugh ④ff as
Page N.1042
9. in terms f...
以……的观点;就……而说
In terms f mney, hes quite rich, but nt in terms f happiness. 就钱来说他很富有,但就幸福来说就不然了。
It is difficult t express it in terms f science.
要用科学的字眼来表达它是很困难的。
联想拓展:
in need f 需要
in charge f 负责
in search f 搜寻
in hpe f 希望
in hnr f 纪念;尊重
in favr f 有利于
in spite f 尽管
in case f 以防;万一
in place f 代替
Page N.1043
高手过招
完成句子 (原创)
①Think f it (从……角度) an investment.
②It was a bad year fr films, (无论从数量上还是质量上).
③This prject is (迫切地需要) funding.
④He is hmeless and (非常需要帮助).
答案:① in terms f
②in terms f bth quantity and quality
③ in great/urgent need f
④in great need f help
Page N.1044
10. shw sb. in
领某人进来
Shw him in as sn as he arrives.
他一到就立刻带他进来。
联想拓展:
shw sb. ut领某人出去
shw sb. arund领某人参观某地
shw ff 炫耀; 卖弄
shw up 出现;来到某处; 揭露;显得好看
shw neself 出现;显现(本性等)
shw a persn the dr 请(某人)出去;把(某人)赶出去
Page N.1045
高手过招
(1)单项填空
①It is unwise t yur greater knwledge in frnt f the manager. (2010·山西太原一中1月月考)
A. shw in B. shw ut
C. shw up D. shw ff
②He didnt shw in the party last night.
(江西新余一中1月质量检测)
up B. ff C. ver D. in
(1)①解析:选D。 考查短语辨析。句意为:你在经理面前炫耀你的知识是不明智的。shw ff炫耀;卖弄;符合句意。
②解析:选A。 句意为:昨天的聚会上他没有露面。shw up露面;出现。
Page N.1046
(2)用适当的介词或副词填空 (原创)
①I will shw yu when yu are in the city.
②She likes t shw her nice figure by wearing tight dresses.
③Uncle Gerge didnt shw fr ur wedding because he frgt it.
④He shwed me a sittingrm.
答案:①arund ②ff ③up ④int
Page N.1047
重点句型
11. Henry Higgins and Clnel Pickering are sitting deep in cnversatin.
亨利·希金斯正与皮克林上校促膝长谈。
形容词短语deep in sth.意为“专心;全神贯注;深陷”,可用在句中作表语、状语。
同样用法的词还有:lst, determined, absrbed, dressed等。
He was deep in thught. 他陷入了沉思。
He was s deep in his wrk that he was nt aware f the fire. 他如此专心工作以至于不知道发生了火灾。
Deep in wrk, he didnt ntice a man cme in.
忙于工作,他没有注意到有人走了进来。
Page N.1048
高手过招
完成句子 (原创)
① (determine) nt t cme back, she went ut f the huse.
(dress) as a princess, she went nt the stage.
答案: ①Determined ②Dressed
Page N.1049
Unit 5 Meeting yur ancestrs
核心单词
1. alternative
n.可供选择的事物;(两者或以上)可能的选择
adj. 供选择的, 二选一的
常用结构:
have n alternative but t d sth.
只能做某事;除……外别无选择
We have n alternative but t g n.
除了继续下去,我们别无选择。
There was n ther alternative but t fight till the victry.
除了战斗到胜利,别无选择。
Page N.1050
联想拓展:
alternatively adv. 或者,二者择一地
alternate vt. 使交替;vi.交替;adj. 交替的;轮流的
高手过招:
(1)单项填空
In this schl, the students have three curses, and seven curses. (2010·01·陕西师大附中月考)
A. required; alternative B. requiring; alternative
C. required; alternate D. requiring; alternate
解析:选A。require(尤指根据法规) 规定、需要,此处用过去分词required修饰curses,因为两者之间为被动关系。后空意思为“选择,选其一”,alternative符合句意。
Page N.1051
(2)单句改错 (原创)
①I had n alternative but reprt him t the plice.
②Yu have the alternative t speaking r keeping quiet.
③Tm and Harry d the wrk n alternative days.
答案:①reprt前加t ②t→f
③alternative→ alternate
Page N.1052
2. arrest
vt. 逮捕,拘留,吸引(注意)
n.[C]逮捕
常用结构:
be arrested fr sth. 因某事而被捕
arrest ne s attentin吸引某人的注意
under arrest被捕;被拘留
The criminal was arrested yesterday.那名罪犯昨天被捕了。
What she did arrested my attentin. 她所做的吸引了我的注意力。
Page N.1053
高手过招
用适当的介词或arrest 的适当形式填空 (原创)
①I gt arrested careless driving.
②Her uncle was arrest, but nbdy knew the reasn.
③Five yuths in cnnectin with the attack.
④The public applauded the f the criminal suspect.
答案:①fr ②under ③were arrested ④arrest
Page N.1054
3. preserve
v.保护,维持,保存
常用结构:
preserve sth. frm 使……免遭……
Yu can preserve meat r fish in salt.你可以用盐保存肉或鱼。
It is ne f the duties f the plice t preserve public rder.
警察的职责之一是维持公共秩序。
联想拓展:
preservable adj. 可保存的
preservatin n. 保存
preserver n. 保护者,保存者
Page N.1055
易混辨析:
preserve/cnserve/reserve/prtect
preserve v. 保护,维持,保存;
cnserve v.保存,保护,强调珍惜;
reserve v. 指意见、看法的保留或座位的预定;
prtect v. 保护,强调使其免受破坏或损害。
高手过招
(1)单项填空
①In spite f failing t save every endangered species, we may preserve the majrity extinctin.
(2010·山东枣庄一轮验收)
A. Against B. with C. beynd D. frm
②It is the duty f the plice t scial rder.
(原创)
A. Save B.reserve C.preserve D. rescue
①解析:选D。preserve sth. frm 使……免遭……,符合句意。
②解析:选C。A、D两项都意为“拯救”;B项意为“保留,保存”;C项意为“保护,维持”。根据句意可知,选C。
Page N.1056
(2)完成句子 (原创)
①夏天收获的大量水果可冷藏或装瓶加以保存。
In the summer, large crps f fruit may by freezing r bttling.
②我认为这些有趣的旧习俗应该保存下去。
I think these interesting ld custms .
答案:①be preserved②shuld be preserved
Page N.1057
4. relief
n.减轻,解除
常用结构:
bring /seek/find/give/feel relief
带来/寻求/找到/予以/感到解脱
much t nes relief=t nes great relief
使某人宽慰的是……
relief rad 备用车道
relief map 地形图
I felt great relief when I heard I had passed the examinatin.
当听到已经通过考试时,我感到轻松了许多。
Page N.1058
联想拓展:
relieve nes feelings 发泄感情
relieve sb. f 使某人解除
The minister was relieved f his pst.
部长被解除了职务。
高手过招:
单项填空
Hearing the news that her sn was fund, she breathed a sigh f .(2010·山西太原五中检测)
excitement B. jy C. relief D. belief
解析:选C。按照句意此处为“减轻忧虑,松了一口气”,C项符合句意。
Page N.1059
5. assume
vt. 设想,假定;主观认为;装出……的样子
常用结构:
assume sb./sth. t be 假定/认为某人/事是……
We assumed that yu understd the situatin.
我们认为你了解形势。
He assumed a wellinfrmed manner but in fact he knws very little. 他装出一副见多识广的样子,而实际上他知之甚少。
Page N.1060
联想拓展:
assumed adj.假装的,假的;假定的,设想的
an assumed result假定的结果
assuming adj.自负的,傲慢的,过分自信的;
cnj. 假如 (后跟从句)
assumptin n. 假定,设想
His lk f astnishment was assumed.
他那惊讶的样子是装出来的。
He is t assuming in this attitude abut the energy supply.他在对待能源问题的态度上显得过于自信。
Assuming that the weather is favurable, farmers will have a bumper harvest.
假如风调雨顺,今年农民将获丰收。
Page N.1061
高手过招
完成句子 (原创)
①假如今天下午下雨我们该怎么办呢?
this afternn, what shall we d?
②在证实他有罪之前我们必须要假定他是清白的。
We inncent until he is prved guilty.
答案:①Assuming it rains②must assume him t be
Page N.1062
6. smehw
adv. 不知怎么地;以……方式
常用结构:
smehw r ther
不知是什么原因;由于某种原因;以某种方式
Smehw r ther we became friends, I never knew just why it was.不知何故我们成了朋友,我绝不知道为什么会这样。
Page N.1063
易混辨析:
anyhw/smehw/smewhat
anyhw 意为“无论如何”,相当于 anyway;at any rate;
smehw 意为“以某种方式(in sme way r ther)”或“由于某种原因”;
smewhat 意为“从某种意义上讲;有几分”,相当于 in a way, rather。
I always knw Id get the jb, smehw.
也不知为什么,我总觉得能得到那份工作。
Smehw we must get t Glasgw.
我们得设法到格拉斯哥去。
He culd have finished it n schedule, but smehw he fell behind.他原本能按预定进度做完这件事的,但不知怎么却落后了。
I am smewhat tired f this bk. 我对这本书有点厌烦。
Page N.1064
高手过招
选词填空(smehw/anyhw/smewhat) (原创)
①We must get the wrk finished r ther by tmrrw mrning.
②It may rain, but I shall g ut, I dnt mind the rain.
③The price was higher than I’d expected.
答案:①smehw②anyhw③smewhat
Page N.1065
重点短语
7. regardless f
adj. 不管, 不顾
Peple shuld be hired regardless f race and sex.
雇用人员应没有种族、性别的差异。
He cntinued speaking, regardless f my feelings n the matter. 他不顾及我在此事上的感受而继续往下说。
联想拓展:
regardless adv. 无论如何;不管;不顾
disregarding /in spite f /despite 三者意义和用法相同,区别不大。
regardlessness n. 不注意
Page N.1066
温馨提示:
in spite f the fact that句式表示“虽然;即使,不管事实上如何”。
althugh/thugh cnj. 尽管,虽然;其后接句子。
高手过招:
单项填空
① the difficulties in talking, they can understand each ther by bdy language.(2010·安徽合肥八中检测)
A. Regardless f B. Althugh C. Thugh D. In spite
②Sme peple act regardless what will happen afterwards. (2010·江苏盐城质量检测)
with B. as C. f D. fr
①解析:选A。althugh与thugh是连词,后需跟句子,而the difficulties in talking是名词短语,故排除。D项表达有误。故选A。
②解析:选C。regardless f不顾,不管。符合句意。
Page N.1067
8. fed up with
受够了;厌烦;饱受
I’m fed up with waiting fr her.我等她都等得不耐烦了。
What’s the matter? Yu lk pretty fed up.
怎么啦?你显得那么不耐烦。
联想拓展:
feed sb./sth. n sth. 给(人或动物)食物;喂;饲养
feed n(动物)以……为主食
feed sth. t sb./sth. 给(人或动物)某物作为食物
Page N.1068
高手过招:
用适当的介词填空 (原创)
①Several children were feeding bread the ducks.
②What d yu feed yur dg ?
③Cws feed grass.
④Im fed up the same breakfast every mrning.
答案: ①t ②n ③n ④with
Page N.1069
9. cut up
切碎;使伤心,严厉批评
Peter, why dnt yu cut up vegetables?
彼得,为何不把蔬菜切碎了呢?
联想拓展:
cut ff 切断;剪掉
cut dwn 砍伐;削减
cut in 打断
cut ut 剪去,删去;略去
cut int pieces 切成碎片
Dnt cut in while Im talking!我说话时别插嘴!
Page N.1070
高手过招
单项填空
Half the frest was t make rm fr the new rad. (2010·江苏盐城质量检测)
cut ff B. cut dwn
C. cut up D. cut away
解析:选B。考查短语辨析。cut ff 切除;cut dwn 砍倒;cut up 将(木头等)分解开。
Page N.1071
10. lk ahead
向前看;为将来打算
联想拓展:
lk back 向后看; 回顾
lk ut 留神;注意
lk int 调查
lk up 查找;形势好转;看望
lk up t sb. 钦佩/尊敬某人
lk thrugh 仔细查阅
lk frward t sth./ding sth. 盼望着
lk n 旁观;看作
lk ver 快速浏览;复习
lk dwn (n/upn sth.) 向下看; 轻视
Lk ut! There is danger ahead!当心!前面危险!
Im lking frward t seeing yu this summer vacatin.
我盼望今年暑假能见到你。
Page N.1072
高手过招:
完成句子 (原创)
①Yu shuld (翻阅字典查查这个生词).
②I am (盼望) hearing frm yu as sn as pssible.
③ (当心) r yu will catch cld.
④I have t (复习笔记) fr the exam.
答案:①lk up the wrd in a dictinary
②lking frward t
③Lk ut
④lk ver my ntes
Page N.1073
重点句型
11. If nly it culd be just like last year!
要是能像去年那样该有多好啊!
if nly但愿;要是……就好了。其后一般用虚拟语气。
If nly I were a dctr. 这句话用的是一般过去时,意思是:我现在要是个医生就好了。与现在相对应的句子用一般过去时。
If nly I had said nthing. 而这句用的是过去完成时,意思是:我当时什么都不说就好了。是与过去时态相对应的,故用过去完成时。
If nly my sn didnt spend s much time befre TV.
这句可以理解为一般现在时的虚拟语气,所以句子中使用了一般过去时态。原意为:要是我儿子不在电视前面待那么长时间就好了。
Page N.1074
温馨提示:
nly if表示“只有,只要”, 后接让步状语从句,主句采用倒装句式。
I wake up nly if the alarm clck rings.
只有闹钟响了,我才会醒。
Only if a teacher has given permissin is a student allwed t enter this rm.
只有得到老师的允许,学生才能进入这个房间。
高手过招:
单项填空
Lk at the truble Im in! If nly I yur advice. (2010·江苏徐州质量检测)
A. Fllwed B. wuld fllw
C. had fllwed D. shuld fllw
解析:选C。由句意可知此处为if nly引导的条件状语从句,且用与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。
Page N.1075
12. Abruptly she sat dwn, nly t be scped up by her laughing, shuting sister, Luna.
她突然坐了下来,结果被爱吵闹的妹妹露娜一把抱了起来。
nly t d 是不定式作结果状语,意为“不料,结果却”,表示出乎意料或令人失望的结果。
I hurried t the pst ffice nly t find it clsed.
我匆忙地去邮局,却发现它已经关门了。
He hurried hme nly t find the guests had left.
他匆匆忙忙赶回家, 结果发现客人们已经走了。
Page N.1076
温馨提示:
现在分词也可以作状语表示结果,但表示的是意料之中的结果。
He drpped the glasses n the grund, bursting it int pieces.他把眼镜掉在了地上,摔成了碎片。
高手过招:
单项填空
He gt t the airprt t find that the plane had left tw minutes befre. (2010·浙江温州一模)
just B. nly C. in rder D. almst
解析:选B。“nly+不定式”结构表示令人失望的结果。句意为:他到达机场,结果却发现飞机在两分钟之前就飞走了。
Page N.1077
Unit 1 Breaking recrds &
Unit 2 Sailing the ceans
选修9
1. fit
adj.健康的;精力充沛的;合适的
n. 适合
vt. 适合;安装;使合身
vi. 适合,符合
Exercise keeps yu fit.运动能使你保持健康。
Page N.1078
常用结构:
be fit fr sth.适合某事
be fit t d sth.适合做某事
易混辨析:
fit/suit
fit与suit都可作动词,意为“适合”。
fit多指尺寸,大小的“合适”; suit多指款式、颜色、条件、身份、口味等的“合适”。
This cat fits him.这件外套他穿正合身。(指大小)
The style f the clthes suits him well.
这件衣服的款式很适合他。(指款式、颜色)
Page N.1079
高手过招
选词填空(fit/suit)
①We all think that he is fr the psitin.
②Des the new pst yur brther?
③The climate here me very well.
答案:①fit ②fit ③suits
Page N.1080
2. dm
vt. 注定;判决
n. 厄运;毁灭
常用结构:
be dmed t 注定(后接名词或不定式)
g t ne’s dm 走向死亡
fall t ne’s dm 坠入死亡/灭亡
meet ne’s dm 死亡;灭亡
ne’s dm is sealed 某人在劫难逃
send sb. t his dm 将某人处死
The species was dmed t extinctin.这一物种注定要灭绝。
The prject was dmed t failure frm the start.
这项工程从一开始就注定要失败。
All mrtals are dmed t die.
所有人都注定要死。
Page N.1081
高手过招
翻译句子
①The vyage was dmed frm the start.
这次航行从一开始就注定要失败。
②Any attempts t bring under the mass mvement fr civil rights are dmed t failure.
任何镇压民权群众运动的企图都是注定要失败的。
③I am dmed t make way fr Fanny Glver.
我注定要给范妮·格洛弗让路。
Page N.1082
3. mercy
n. 宽容;怜悯;仁慈;幸运之事;侥幸
We d pray yu t shw mercy. 我们恳求你发发慈悲。
It’s a mercy the accident happened s clse t the hspital.
幸亏车祸发生在离医院很近的地方。
常用结构:
at the mercy f 任凭……的摆布,完全受……支配
be thankful/grateful fr small mercies庆幸不利情况已略有改善
have mercy n/upn 宽恕;对……有怜悯之心
leave smene/smething t the mercy f 听任……(可能有危险或危害的形势)摆布
thrw neself n smene’s mercy 特意恳求(某人)宽恕
Page N.1083
高手过招
完成句子 (原创)
①他们对敌人毫不怜悯。
They little mercy t the enemies.
②我们对天气无能为力。
We’re the mercy f the weather.
③恐怖分子毫无人性。
The terrrists are cmpletely mercy.
答案:①shwed ②at ③withut
Page N.1084
4. expeditin
n.远征;探险;考察;迅速,动作敏捷
They carried ut the captains rders with all pssible expeditin.
他们毫不迟疑地迅速执行船长的命令。
常用结构:
n an/the expeditin 在……之行
expeditin against 反对……的远征
expeditin int 进入……的旅程
expeditin t 去……的旅程
They plan t launch an expeditin int the muntains.
他们计划发起一次登山探险。
He had made tw expeditins t Spain t study wild plants.
他两次远去西班牙考察野生植物。
Page N.1085
高手过招
完成句子
①她在外购物。
She was ut a shpping expeditin.
②他带军征伐叛乱者。
He led a military expeditin the rebels.
③这些科学家们将要去南极考察。
The scientists will an expeditin t the Suth Ple.
答案:①n ②against ③g n
Page N.1086
重点短语
5. keep ding sth.
不停地做某事
When the teacher raised that questin, I kept hping that he wuld nt ask me t answer it.
当老师提出那个问题时,我一直希望他不要让我来回答。
联想拓展:
keep+ adj. 保持……
keep+ n.+ adj./adv./n. 使(某人/某物)保持某种状态
keep+ sth. 保存某物
keep n ding 反复做……
keep sb. frm ding 阻止某人做……
In spite f the nise utdrs, she kept n reading.
她无视外面的嘈杂声,继续读书。
His advice kept me frm making a serius mistake.
他的忠告使我免于犯下一个严重的错误。
Page N.1087
高手过招
完成句子
①Will yu please (保管这些钥匙) while I am away?
②This cat will (让你暖和).
③She (让我等) fr half an hur.
④ (不要乱动) while I phtgraph yu.
⑤He (反复问) asking silly questins.
⑥His girlfriend didn’t answer the phne, s Tm (一直在想) why.
答案:①keep these keys ②keep yu warm
③kept me waiting ④Keep still
⑤kept n ⑥kept thinking
Page N.1088
6. cnnect with ...
与……连接;联系起来
The rm cnnects with the dining hall by means f hallway.
这个房间通过一条过道与餐厅相连。
联想拓展:
cnnect ... 把……和……联系起来
be cnnected with 和……联系;与……有关系
cnnect ... 把……和……联系起来
Many peple cnnect Germany with beer.
很多人把德国与啤酒联想在一起。
What he des can’t be cnnected with what he says.
他所做的事跟他所说的没有任何联系。
One mment please,I’ll cnnect yu with Mr.Chen.
请稍候,我帮你将电话转给陈先生。
Page N.1089
高手过招
完成句子
①他把两个喇叭接上了扩音器。
He the tw speakers the amplifier.
②这条走廊与客厅相连接。
This crridr the living rm.
③请把电话转接到纽约。
Please me New Yrk.
答案:①cnnected; t ②cnnects with
③cnnect; with
Page N.1090
7. as lng as
只要,如果;既然,由于
I’ll stay in Mexic as lng as my mney hlds n.
只要我的钱还能维持一天,我就在墨西哥待一天。
I’ll never frget that as lng as I am living.
这件事我至死也不会忘记。
Yu will d all right s lng as yu fllw my advice.
只要你听我的建议,你一定会做好的。
Yu may stay here as lng as yu like.
你高兴在这儿待多久就待多久。
联想拓展:
as far as 直到……为止;只要;据……,就……
as much as 差不多
as many as 和……一样多
as sn as 一……就……
as well as 也;又
Page N.1091
高手过招
完成句子
①只要你先整理好你的房间,就可以出去玩。
yu tidy yur rm first, yu can g ut t play.
②工作一结束你就到这里来。
Cme here yu finish the wrk.
③玉米地延伸到一眼望不到边的地方。
Fields f crn spread ut the eye culd see.
④这次空难中多达一百人丧生。
100 peple were killed in the air crash.
答案:①As lng as ②as sn as
③as far as ④As many as
Page N.1092
重点句型
8. Nbdy knew that the earth mved westwards 15 degrees every hur, but sailrs did knw an apprximate methd f calculating lngitude using speed and time.
以前没有人知道地球每小时向西移15度,然而海员们确实知道用速度和时间来计算经度的近似标准的方法。
①助动词did用于肯定句中,起强调作用,意为“确实,一定”,其后的动词用原形。如果其后跟形容词,则应在形容词前加be。
I did finish the cmpsitin, but I frgt t bring it here.
我确实写完作文了,但我忘记带了。
D be careful when crssing the rad! 过马路时一定要小心!
②using speed and time是v.ing短语作状语,表示方式。意为“借助于速度和时间”。
Hibernating in that way, the animal can sleep all thrugh the winter.用那种方式冬眠,动物就可以睡过整个冬天。
Page N.1093
高手过招
完成句子
①他刚才确实读过这封信。
He this letter just nw.
②千万要小心!
careful!
③那个正在讨论的问题对我们来说很重要。
The questin is imprtant t us.
答案: ①did read
②D be
③being discussed
Page N.1094
9. It prved t be the mst accurate and reliable f these early navigatinal instruments.
在这些早期的航海仪器中,它被证明是最精确和最为可靠的一种。
句中prve为系动词,意为“证实是,后来事实表明是”。其后可以接名词、形容词、t be结构或f短语作表语。
联想拓展:
prve vt. 证明;证实;被发现是
prve sth. 证实某事
prve thatclause 证明……
prve+n.+t be 结果是;证明为
Hw did yu prve that he was the rbber?
你如何证明他就是那个强盗?
The play prved (t be) very gd.
这场话剧最终被证明不错。
Page N.1095
高手过招
完成句子
①你能向我们证明你的理论吗?
Can yu ?
②那次天气预报次日被证明是准确的。
The weather frecast n the next day.
③她的表现表明她靠不住。
She has .
答案: ①prve yur thery t us
②prved t be accurate
③prved herself unreliable
Page N.1096
Unit 3 Australia &
Unit 4 Explring plants &
Unit 5 Inside advertising
核心单词
1. adequate
adj. 充分的,足够的;适当的;胜任的
There was adequate rain and snw last winter.
去年冬天雨雪充足。
Thugh a bit t ld, he is still adequate t the wrk.
虽然他年纪大了点,却仍能胜任这项工作。
Page N.1097
易混辨析:
adequate/enugh
adequate 表示符合一个客观标准,兼有适当的意思。
enugh 侧重表示数量的足够,有充分的、足够的意思。
高手过招
完成句子
①给我们的钱基本上够用。
The amunt f mney we have been given is adequate.
②供不应求。
The supply is nt adequate the demand.
③当时的那些火车被认为不适用于现代铁路。
The trains were nt cnsidered adequate use n the mdern railways.
答案: ①mre r less ②t ③fr
Page N.1098
2. tlerance
n. 宽容,容忍
In rdinary living there can be sme tlerance f unpunctuality.
在日常生活中,对不准时的行为可以给予一些宽容。
联想拓展:
tlerant adj. 宽容的;容忍的;有耐性的
be tlerant f/twards 对……能容忍/宽容
put up with 忍受;忍耐
He is tlerant f the ideas and behaviur f thers.
他对别人的思想和行为很宽容。
A true friend is the ne wh verlks yur failures and tlerates yur success.
真正的朋友能够忽略你的失败而容忍你的成功。
Page N.1099
高手过招
完成句子
①她对那些无礼的同事采取容忍的态度。
She’s tlerant thse rude clleagues.
②他们学着宽容别人。
They learn t be tlerant ther peple.
③他具有幽默感又能宽容和忍耐。
He has a sense f humur plus and patience.
答案:①f/twards ②f/twards
③tlerance
Page N.1100
3. bther
vt. 打扰
vi. 操心
n. 烦扰
I am busy; dn’ t bther me nw. 我很忙,现在别打扰我。
I am srry t bther yu, but can yu tell me the time?
对不起,打扰了,请问现在几点?
常用结构:
bther with/abut 为……而烦恼;因……而操心
bther t d/ding费神做……
Page N.1101
高手过招
(1)用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空 (原创)
①The prblem has been (bther) me fr weeks.
②—Shall I help yu with the cases?
—Dn’t (bther). I can manage.
(2)完成句子
Dn’t bther (为……而烦恼)us; we will sn jin yu.
答案:(1)①bthering ②bther (2)abut
Page N.1102
4. hesitate
vi. 犹豫,踌躇,不愿
He hesitated befre he answered because he didn’ t knw what t say.
他在回答之前犹豫了一下,因为他不知道说什么。
常用结构:
hesitate t d sth. 做某事犹豫不决
hesitate abut (ding)sth. 对某事犹豫不决
Dn’ t hesitate abut that. D it at nce.
对于那件事不要再犹豫了。马上去做吧。
联想拓展:
hesitatin n. [U,C]踌躇;犹豫不决
Page N.1103
高手过招
用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空(原创)
①He was still (hesitate) ver whether t jin the expeditin.
②He did nt hesitate (ask) her t sit beside him.
③Withut any (hesitate), he jumped int the river t save the drwning child.
④There’ s n rm fr (hesitate).
答案:①hesitating ②t ask/abut asking
③hesitatin ④hesitatin
Page N.1104
5. be made up f...
由……组成
The medical team was made up f twelve dctrs.
这支医疗队由12名医生组成。
联想拓展:
make up 化妆;捏造,虚构(故事、诗等); 弥补
be made f/frm... 由……制成
be made int... 被制成……
Page N.1105
高手过招
完成句子
①(欧洲)共同市场由多少国家组成?
Hw many cuntries the Cmmn Market?
②观众由小孩子们组成。
The audience very yung children.
③这是由3个不同的部分组成的。
This is three different parts.
答案:①make up ②was made up f
③made up f
Page N.1106
6. far frm
完全不;远非;远离
His wrk is far frm satisfactry. 他的工作远不能令人满意。
He is far frm well. 他并不健康。
The prject is far frm perfect. 这项企划很不完美。
高手过招
翻译句子
①They travelled far frm hme.
他们离家远游。
②Far frm relieving my cugh, the medicine aggravated it.
这种药非但不镇咳,反而使我咳嗽得更厉害了。
③His wrk is far frm perfect.
他的工作远非十全十美。
Page N.1107
7. appeal t
(对某人)有吸引力;向……呼吁(请求)
Bright clurs appeal t small children.
小孩们喜欢鲜艳的颜色。
We are appealing t anyne wh saw the suspect t cntact us.
我们恳请任何人看到嫌疑犯后与我们联系。
联想拓展:
appeal t sb. fr为……向某人呼吁(请求)
appeal fr aid请求援助
appeal fr mercy (sympathy) 请求宽恕(同情)
appeal t arms (frce) 诉诸武力
Page N.1108
高手过招
翻译句子 (原创)
①政府呼吁市民节约用水。
The gvernment appealed t citizens fr saving water.
②意识到自己的错误,这个犯人请求宽恕。
Realizing his mistakes, the criminal appealed fr mercy.
Page N.1109
重点句型
8. ..., s it is just as well that snakes are very shy and usually attack nly if they are disturbed and feel threatened.
……因此幸好蛇类很胆小畏缩,通常只是在被搅扰和感到威胁时才会主动出击。
just as well 幸好;无妨
It is just as well that yu tk anther rad.
幸好你们走了另一条路。
It is just as well that we did nt fllw him.
幸好我们没有跟着他。
Page N.1110
高手过招
翻译句子
①幸好你们到了学校。
It is just as well that yu gt t schl.
②我们下雨天没出去倒也是好事。
It is just as well that we didn’t g ut in the rain.
Page N.1111
9. Hwever, althugh they lk dangerus because f their wide muths and sharp teeth, all but tw r three kinds are harmless t humans.
然而,尽管它们有宽大的嘴巴和锋利的牙齿,看上去很危险,然而除了两三种之外,其余的对人类并没有危害。
all but除了;几乎
All but the mrning star ther stars have disappeared.
除了启明星以外,其它的星星全部消失了。
He is the chairman f the cmmittee all but the name.
除了没挂名以外,实际上他就是委员会的主席。
联想拓展:
nthing but... 只有……
Page N.1112
高手过招
翻译句子
①It was all but impssible t climb back int the bat.
再回到小船上已经几乎不可能了。
②The party was all but ver when we arrived.
我们到的时候,晚会几乎要结束了。
③He was all but killed by the traffic accident.
他差点死于那场车祸。
Page N.1113
10. With s many messages frm advertisers filling ur daily lives,it is imprtant t understand hw advertisements wrk.
我们的日常生活中充满了众多的广告信息,可见了解广告如何发挥作用是很重要的事情。
句中with ...是独立主格结构,在句子中作状语。s many messages frm advertisers是该结构的逻辑主语,filling ur daily lives 是该结构的宾语补足语,前后是逻辑上的主谓关系。作宾语补足语的还可以是介词短语、过去分词、形容词、副词等。
He sat there thinking, with his chin n his hand.
他手托下巴,坐在那儿沉思。
He stared at his friend with his muth wide pen.
他张大嘴巴凝视着他的朋友。
With prductin up by 60%, the cmpany has had anther excellent year.产量上升了60%, 公司又有一个好年景。
She used t sit reading in the evening with her pet dg her nly cmpanin.
她从前总爱在晚上坐着看书,她的宠物狗便是她唯一的伙伴。
Page N.1114
高手过招
完成句子(原创)
①她站在那儿跟朋友闲聊,孩子在旁边玩耍。
She std there chatting with her friend, with her child .
②“我认为我们可以高昂着头离开,”艾里克松说。
“I think we can leave with ur heads ,” Erikssn said.
③还有十分钟,你最好快一点。
With 10 minutes , yu’d better hurry up.
答案:①playing beside her/them
②held high
③t g
Page N.1115
Unit 1 Nthing ventured,nthing gained &
Unit 2 King Lear
选修10
核心单词
1. strengthen
vt.加强;巩固
The frnt army trps were strengthened by a large cntingent f students frm the military academy.
前线部队得到了一大批军事学院学员的增援。
The fence was strengthened with wire.
这围栏用金属丝加固了。
Page N.1116
常用结构:
strengthen unity加强团结
strengthen ne’s determinatin坚定决心
strengthen natinal defence巩固国防
联想拓展:
strength n. 力量;力气;长处
Page N.1117
高手过招
完成句子
①他建议使用氟化物来坚固牙齿。
He advises an applicatin f fluride t the teeth.
②我试图攒足力气再多干一些活。
I’m trying t summn up the t d sme mre wrk.
③风在天黑后才会变强。
The wind wn’t until after dark.
答案:①strengthen ②strength
③strengthen
Page N.1118
2. stick
vt.刺,插;粘,贴
vi.刺入
A thrn stuck me in the hand. 一根刺扎在了我的手上。
Stick the brken pieces tgether with glue. 用胶水把碎片粘到一起。
I fund a nail sticking in the tyre. 我发现一根钉子扎进了车胎。
常用结构:
stick in ne’s thrat (骨头等)鲠在喉中;(话等)难以启齿
stick it ut拼到底,坚持到底
stick n贴在……上
stick ut伸出
stick t坚持;遵循
Page N.1119
易混辨析:
stick t/insist n/persist in
stick t坚持(原则/计划/诺言/决定/意见等)。
insist n坚持(意见/主张)。
persist in坚持(行动),有时表示固执己见或坚持不改。
Page N.1120
高手过招
翻译句子
①If we let him lk after the mney, I’m afraid much f it will stick t his fingers.
如果我们把钱交给他保管,恐怕大部分都要被他侵吞掉。
②She stuck the stamp n the envelpe.
她把邮票贴在信封上。
③He drve int a bg, where his wheels stuck fast.
他把车开进了一片沼泽地,轮子牢牢地陷在了里面。
Page N.1121
3. rank
n.等级;军阶;地位;身份;社会阶层;军衔
v.把……分等;把……评级;排列,把……排成列
They served everyne regardless f scial rank.
他们为所有的人服务而不计较其社会地位。
He was prmted t the rank f Captain. 他被提升为上尉。
常用结构:
rank 把……列在……当中
rank 把……当作……
break the rank打乱队形
in the frnt rank在第一排;在前列
keep rank保持队形
the rank and file普通士兵们;老百姓们
Page N.1122
He can be ranked amng the best students f this year.
他可能被评为本年度最优秀的学生之一。
Many peple rank him as the greatest writer f the time.
很多人把他视为当代最伟大的作家。
易混辨析:
rank/class/rder/grade
rank意为“阶级”,指陆军将校的阶级,也指一般的社会阶级,特指世袭的贵族阶级。
class意为“级”,以同一目的而聚合的、暂时的、经常变化的级,如学校的各班级、社会阶级等。
rder意为“阶级”,指一般的社会阶级,并特指僧职的阶级。
grade意为“等级”,根据优劣而分,可指人也可指物,也指学校的评级。
Page N.1123
高手过招
翻译句子
①The captain was prmted t the rank f majr.
那位上尉被提升为少校。
②He is a physicist f the first rank.
他是位一流的物理学家。
③The sldiers std in tw ranks.
士兵站成了两排。
Page N.1124
4. respnsibility
n.责任;职责;负责
That means a lt f wrk and respnsibility.
那意味着大量的工作和责任。
Taking care f a family is a big respnsibility.
照顾全家是一项重大的责任。
常用结构:
take/have the respnsibility fr sth.对……负责
联想拓展:
respnsible adj.负责任的,对(某人)负责的
respnsibly adv.负责任地;可靠地
respnd vt.回答,反应;应答
respnse n.回答,应答
be respnsible fr对……负责
make/give a respnse t对……作出答复
Page N.1125
高手过招
完成句子
①妇女生育孩子,还要负责照顾孩子。
Wmen bear children and childcare.
②我们期待机构内的下层人士能承担更多的责任。
We wuld expect individuals lwer dwn the rganizatin t mre respnsibilities.
③他对那个事故没有责任。
He has n respnsibility that accident.
④一家之父应该有更多的责任感。
The father f a family shuld have mre .
⑤你知道政府工作人员的职责吗?
D yu knw the respnsibilities the gvernment wrkers?
答案: ①take respnsibility fr②take n③fr
④sense f respnsibility⑤f
Page N.1126
5. devtin
n.献身;忠心;专心;热爱
联想拓展:
devte vt.奉献;贡献
devted adj.献身的;忠实的;挚爱的
devte neself t+n.奉献给……;致力于……;献身于……
devte + n.(人生、时间、劳力等)+t
奉献于……;致力于……
be devted t献身于……;忠心于……
温馨提示:
devtin常与介词t搭配,构成短语:devtin t热爱……;专心于……;热心于……。
The devtin f parents t their children is selfless.
父母对孩子的爱是无私的。
Page N.1127
高手过招
完成句子
①法官赞扬消防人员的勇气和敬业精神。
The judge praised the firefighters fr their bravery and .
②人们会记住她对扶贫事业的无私奉献。
She will be remembered fr her selfless f the pr.
③他悉心照料母亲。
He cared fr his mther .
答案: ①devtin t duty
②devtin t the cause
③ with great devtin
Page N.1128
6. adre
v. 崇拜;爱慕;喜爱(相当于wrship, admire)
He adred his wife and children.
他深爱着他的妻儿。
常用结构:
adre sth./ding sth.喜欢某物/做某事
She adres ging t the theatre. 她非常喜欢看戏剧。
adratin n.热爱;崇拜;爱慕
adrer n.崇拜者;赞美者
adrable adj.迷人的,可爱的
adring adj.崇拜的;爱慕的
Page N.1129
高手过招
用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
①They (adre) her as a living gddess.
②She adres (visit) museums.
③I wuld adre (settle) back hmeland.
答案: ①adred ②visiting ③t settle
Page N.1130
重点短语
7. hld n=hang up
别挂电话;坚持;继续
联想拓展:
hld ut维持;坚持;抵抗;幸存
hld t坚持(原则,方向等);紧握
hld n t紧紧抓住
hld up延误;耽搁;阻挡;承受
hld back 退缩;犹豫不定
hld ff 抵住;挡住;拖延
hld n 等一等;坚持
hld tgether 团结一致
Page N.1131
高手过招
完成句子
①他犹豫了,记起了自己以前犯下的错。
He , remembering the mistake he had made befre.
②他挡住了沃斯不久前的一次挑战,赢了他13秒。
He a late challenge by Vse t win by thirteen secnds.
③等一会儿,我马上回来!
a minute, I’ll be right back!
④该行业正设法留住有经验的工作人员。
The industry is trying t experienced staff.
⑤英国军队抵挡住了不断的攻击。
British trps against cnstant attacks.
答案:①held back ②held ff ③Hld n
④hld n t ⑤held ut
Page N.1132
8. set ut
陈述;着手;陈列
The reasns fr my decisin are set ut in my reprt.
我在报告里逐项陈述了作出决定的原因。
When we set ut n this prject, we knw it wuld be successful.
我们着手做这个项目时,就知道它一定会成功。
联想拓展:
set abut sth./ding sth.着手某事/做某事
set back妨碍;阻碍
set dwn把……放下来;写下;记下
set in(气候,季节等)开始
set ff动身,出发;发射
set up竖起;创立
Page N.1133
高手过招
完成句子
①这一事件无疑阻碍了研究。
This incident undubtedly the research.
②长途旅行出发前要检查一下燃油。
Check yur il befre n a lng jurney.
③这份文件阐明了我们对这项提案的反对意见。
This dcument ur bjectins t the prpsal.
答案: ①set back ②setting ff ③sets ut
Page N.1134
9. hand ver t sb.
移交责任或权力给某人;把……正式移交给某人
After handing ver t his clleague, Mr Smith resigned frm the firm.
史密斯先生把权力移交给他的同事后,向公司辞了职。
联想拓展:
hand sth. dwn t sb.把……传给某人
hand sth. n t sb.把……传给某人使用
hand sth. back t sb.归还某人某物
hand sth. in (t sb.)上交;呈交
Page N.1135
高手过招
完成句子
①这些技术一直世代相传。
These skills have been frm generatin t generatin.
②把这本杂志传给你的朋友。
the magazine t yur friends.
③她把课本发给新生。
She textbks t the new students.
④你一定要按时交家庭作业。
Make sure yu yur hmewrk n time.
答案:①handed dwn②Hand n③handed; ut④hand in
Page N.1136
10. bring int...
把……带到某处
Please bring all the clthes int yur rm befre yu g n a trip.去旅游前,请把所有的衣服收拾到你自己的房间里去。
After bringing the thief int the ffice, he went ut alne.
把小偷带进办公室后他独自一人出去了。
联想拓展:
bring abut使……发生
bring dwn降低;使倒下
bring frth生产;分娩
bring frward把……提前;提出……
bring in获利;赚得;引进
bring n引起;导致;使发展;改善
bring up教育;养育;提出;引出;呕吐
bring ut推销;推出
Page N.1137
高手过招
完成句子
①劝捐带来很多捐款。
The charity appeal many dnatins.
②很不幸,婴儿把吃的东西吐了出来。
Unfrtunately, the baby his dinner.
③他神经崩溃是压力所致。
His nervus breakdwn was by stress.
答案:①brught in
②brught up
③brught abut
Page N.1138
重点句型
11. I believe Shackletn must have murned this unexpected end t his expeditin, but he did nt waste time n regrets.
我相信沙克尔顿肯定会对这次探险意想不到的结局而痛心,但他并没有浪费时间在遗憾和悔恨中。
must have dne表示对过去事情的推测,而且是很有把握的推测。
He lked great. He must have enjyed his hliday.
他看上去气色很好,一定是度过了一个开心的假期。
My cat isn’t there, smene must have taken it by mistake. 我的外套不在那儿,一定是有人拿错了。
Page N.1139
联想拓展:
许多情态动词之后跟have dne时,都可能有两三种不同的含义,因此要注意根据状语、句子结构以及语境等因素对之进行分析、理解。
can’t/culdn’t have dne不可能(对过去的事实作出判断,用于否定句)
culd have dne可能(已经)……;本来可以……(但没有做。表示:一是把握性不大的推测;二是与事实相反的建议。)
may/might have dne可能(已经)……(表示把握性不大的推测)
ught t/shuld have dne本应该……(而未做,与事实相反)
needn’t have dne本不需要做……(却做了)
Page N.1140
高手过招
完成句子
①地面是湿的,昨天晚上一定下雨了。
The rad is wet. It (rain) last night.
②你妈妈一定一直在找你。
Yur mther (lk) fr yu.
③迈克一定还没有找到他的车,因为早上他是乘公共汽车来上班的。
Mike (find) his car, fr he came t wrk by bus this mrning.
④我不知道她在哪儿,她有可能在武汉。
I dn’t knw where she is, she (be) in Wuhan.
答案: ①must have rained
②must have been lking
③can’t have fund ④may be
Page N.1141
12. Fr whichever f yu has fr me the mst devtin I will give t her the best part f everything I wn.
你们之中谁最爱我,我就把我拥有的最好的东西赠送给谁。
whichever无论哪个,任何一个
Take whichever hat suits yu best. 挑一顶最适合你戴的帽子。
Whichever f yu cmes first will receive a prize.
你们谁先来,谁就会获得一份奖励。
Page N.1142
高手过招
翻译句子(用whichever)
①无论你哪一天来,我们都很高兴。
Whichever day yu cme, we will be pleased t see yu.
②从它们当中选一个你最喜欢的吧。
Chse whichever f them yu like best.
③你究竟会帮助他们当中的哪一个?
Whichever f them are yu ging t help?
Page N.1143
Unit 3Fairness fr all &
Unit 4Learning efficiently &
Unit 5Enjying nvels
核心单词
1. prhibit
vt.禁止;阻止
Smking is prhibited in this railway carriage.
本节车厢禁止吸烟。
常用结构:
prhibit sth./sb.(frm) ding sth.禁止……做某事
The guard came ver and prhibited us frm entering the theatre. 警卫走过来阻止我们进入剧院。
Page N.1144
联想拓展:
prhibitin n.禁止;禁令
prhibitive adj.(以法令)禁止的
prevent sth./sb.(frm) ding sth.阻止……做某事
stp sb./sth.(frm) ding sth.阻止……做某事
keep sb./sth. frm ding sth.阻止……做某事
frbid sb./sth. t d sth.禁止……做某事
frbid ding sth. 禁止做某事
Page N.1145
高手过招
完成句子
①他被禁止担任主任的职务。
He is prhibited a directr.
②宪法禁止总统任期超过两届。
The president is cnstitutinally prhibited mre than tw terms in ffice.
③这项法案明确禁止任何委员会将钱用于政治活动中。
The Act specifically prhibits any cuncil mney fr plitical purpses.
答案:①frm being ②frm serving
③frm spending
Page N.1146
2. submit
vt.使服从;呈递;主张
vi.提交;服从
He was lsing the fight but he wuldn’t submit.
他被打败了,但不屈服。
常用结构:
submit t sb./sth.顺从/服从/屈从某人/某事
submit sth. t sb.把……递交/提交/呈递给某人
submit+thatclause (正式)建议/认为
We must submit a reprt t the cmmittee at the end f this mnth.
我们必须在这个月月底向委员会提交一份报告。
We submitted that the case culdn’t be prved.
我们认为这个案件无法证实。
Page N.1147
联想拓展:
submissin n.服从;提交(物);投降;谦恭
frce/frighten sb. int submissin 强迫/恐吓某人屈服
in submissin t屈从;屈服;顺从
in my submissin 我认为
高手过招:
单句改错
①I submitted ut my resignatin yesterday.
②The develpers submitted building plans t the cuncil as apprval.
③She submitted her reprt fr the cmmittee.
答案:①去掉ut ②as→fr ③fr→t
Page N.1148
3. seize
vt. 抓住;捉住;夺;夺取;攻占;控制;逮捕;俘获
He seized her by the arm. 他抓住她的胳膊。
They seized the airprt in a surprise attack.
他们突袭攻占了机场。
The man was seized as he left the building.
那个男人在离开那栋房子时被抓获。
常用结构:
seize n chance抓住机会
seize hld f sth.(突然)抓住某物
seize up (机器)失灵;停止运转
Page N.1149
高手过招
完成句子
①新闻界立即对这件丑闻抓住不放。
The scandal was immediately by the press.
②暴风雪期间全市陷于瘫痪。
The whle city during the blizzard.
③他从她手里夺过了书。
He seized the bk her hand.
答案: ①seized upn ②seized up ③frm
Page N.1150
4. cmpetent
adj. 有能力的;能胜任的
常用结构:
be cmpetent as作为……胜任,有能力胜任……
be cmpetent at/in sth.在……方面有能力
be cmpetent t d sth.有能力/胜任/有权力做某事
She is cmpetent t d the task. 她能胜任这项工作。
联想拓展:
cmpetence n.能力;胜任;本领
Page N.1151
高手过招
完成句子
①确保该公司有能力进行这项工作。
Make sure the firm is cmpetent the wrk.
②如果要学习英文,你首先必须找一位称职的教师。
If yu want t learn English, yu must first find
.
答案: ①t carry ut ②a cmpetent teacher
Page N.1152
5. cnsult
vt.查阅(参考书,字典);参考;请教(某人);向(医师)求诊
vi.(与人)商量;协议(指以对等关系互相发表意见)
I cnsulted a dictinary fr the meaning f the wrd.
我查词典找这个词的词义。
She cnsulted a lawyer abut her divrce.
她向律师请教有关她离婚的事。
He cnsulted with his business partners abut the matter.
他与商业合伙人商议这件事。
联想拓展:
cnsultant n. 顾问,提供咨询的专家
cnsultatin n. 请教;咨询;讨论
be in cnsultatin with 与(人)协议中
Page N.1153
高手过招
用适当的介词填空
①The president had cnsulted Eurpean leaders taking actin.
②A number f students are cnsulting their teacher the result the exam.
答案:①with; befre ②abut;f
Page N.1154
重点短语
6. by cincidence
巧合,碰巧
By cincidence, we arrived here at the same time.
碰巧我们一同到达这儿。
联想拓展:
by a strange cincidence 巧得出奇
by chance/accident 偶然地;无意地
What a cincidence! 真巧!
Page N.1155
高手过招
完成句子
①碰巧我们两个都上同一所学校。
, we bth went t the same schl.
②不幸的是,在他丢了工作的那天,他们家又偏巧遭人偷窃。
By an cincidence, their huse was burgled n the day he lst his jb.
③他们两个同一天在巴黎纯粹是个巧合。
It was cincidence that they were bth in Paris n the same day.
答案:①By cincidence ②unfrtunate ③pure
Page N.1156
7. ffer sb. a lift
(主动)让某人搭顺路车
联想拓展:
give sb. a lift让某人搭顺路车
ask sb. fr a lift搭某人的便车
take a/the lift坐/乘电梯
Can yu give me a lift t the statin? 你能顺便送我去车站吗?
高手过招
完成句子
我让司机带我一程,但是他拒绝了。
I the driver fr a lift but he refused.
答案:asked
Page N.1157
8. live ut
活过;实践
Will the ld man live ut the mnth?这位老人能活过这个月吗?
联想拓展:
live ut ne’s dreams实现某人的梦想
live fr sth.为……而活
live n继续活着;继续存在
live n sth.以……为食
live thrugh sth.经历(灾难或其他困难)而幸存
live up t sth.达到,符合;不辜负(他人的期望)
Page N.1158
高手过招
翻译句子
①Students can live ut if they wish.
如果学生们愿意,他们可以在外面寄宿。
②Dn’t bther me, OK? Just let me live ut my life in peace and in private.
别打扰我了,好不好?就让我一个人安安静静地度过后半辈子吧。
Page N.1159
9. under the name f
化名为,用……的名字
He writes under the name f Lu Xun. 他用鲁迅这个名字写作。
联想拓展:
by name用名字,名叫
by the name f名叫……的
name after以……命名
in name名义上,有名无实的
in the name f以……的名义
with the name名叫;用……的名字
Page N.1160
高手过招
完成句子
①他用尼姆罗德的名字做了那件事。
He did it Nimrd.
②我以总统的名义前来迎接您。
I greet yu the President.
答案:①under the name f
②in the name f
Page N.1161
重点句型
10. is up t yu t practise, practise and practise.
……这全靠你自己去练习、练习、再练习。
be up t是(某人的)责任;由(某人)决定
联想拓展:
up t 直到,到……为止(用于地点、数量、程度、时间等);(口语)计划什么(坏事);忍住……;胜任(通常用于疑问句或否定句)。
It’s up t him t decide. 这由他来决定。
I see what yu are up t. 我知道你在动什么脑筋。
She’s up t that jb. 她能胜任那份工作。
Page N.1162
高手过招
翻译句子
①I culd reach just up t his waist.
我只能够到他的腰。
②The prcess is expected t take up t tw years.
这一过程预计最多需要两年。
③I was nt up t her standards.
我还未达到她的标准。
Page N.1163
11. ..., s the dilemma f her herines was als t marry but fr lve.
……, 所以她作品中女主人公也为了无爱情的婚姻而困扰。
but fr除了;除了……以外;相当于except fr。
But fr his habit f smking, he wuld be a perfect man.
除了吸烟的习惯外,他是个完美的人。
温馨提示:
but fr常见的意思是“要不是;多亏……;否则”,多用虚拟语气。
But fr yur help, I wuld nt have finished the wrk.
多亏你的帮助,否则我不可能完成这项工作。
Page N.1164
高手过招
完成句子
①我沿着百老汇走,街上除了偶尔经过的出租车以外几乎空无一人。
I walked alng Bradway, deserted the ccasinal cab.
②要不是你,游戏可能已经结束了。
The game culd be ver yu.
答案:①but fr ②but fr
Page N.1165
记叙文
【典题在线】
假设2008年2月12日是你父亲的生日,下面三幅图描绘的是你给父亲买完礼物后乘坐地铁回家时经历的一件事。请根据图示,用英语写一篇日记记叙这件事,并谈谈自己的感受。 (2008·天津)
Page N.1166
注意:1. 词数不少于100;
2. 可适当加入细节,以使行文连贯。
参考词汇:地铁(列车)subway train
Page N.1167
【模板展示】
(日期)
Tday was (某个节日,某人生日等). In the mrning (做了什么事情). And when (又做了什么事情).
(接下来的一个时间), (叙述人们各自的活动). (事情的情况). After a minute, I (做了什么事情). (取得的结果). She said .
Tday was (总结). I felt (感受).
【佳篇品读】
February 12th, 2008
Tday was my father's birthday. I gt n the subway train after I had bught the present. And when I was n the subway train, I imagined the situatin where I gave the present t my father, and my father wuld be very happy.
Page N.1168
On the next statin, there was a lady wh had n seat in frnt f me. She als had tw heavy bags. After a minute, I std up and ffered the seat t her. She was very happy and appreciated. She said “Thank yu!” t me, which made me feel prud.
Tday was best. I felt the fun t help ther peple.
【模仿shw】
假设你是李华,2008年奥运会期间你和你的同学们参加了志愿者工作。请根据下图提示,写一篇日记,介绍你们当志愿者的经历并简单谈谈你的感受。日期为2009年8月28日。
Page N.1169
One pssible versin:
August 28th, 2009
In August 2008, Olympic Games were held in Beijing. During the Games I was a vlunteer.
Befre the Games, all f us received special training. Under the guidance f the trainer, we gt t knw what jbs we culd d and what we shuld pay attentin t.
During the Games, sme f us std utside the stadium, guiding the audience t g int the Bird's Nest with ludspeakers. Sme wrked at the infrmatin center and ffered all kinds f help. Others acted as tur guides and tk freigners t sme places f interest, such as the Great Wall and the Summer Palace, which helped them t get a better understanding f Chinese culture.
Page N.1170
Tday I felt being a vlunteer was a valuable experience fr me. Nt nly did I help thers, but als I made many friends. Besides, I felt I culd d smething fr ur cuntry.
Page N.1171
议论文
【典题在线】 (2009·12·山东潍坊模块检测)
人们对于学生网上交友持不同意见。请你用英语写一篇关于学生网上交友的短文,介绍人们的不同观点,并表达自己的看法。
赞成的理由反对的理由你的看法
1. 广交朋友;
2. 可自由表达思想;
3. 利于外语学习。 1. 浪费时间;
2. 影响学习;
3. 可能上当受骗。 ……
注意:1. 文章必须包括表格中的全部内容。
2. 参考词汇: 网络朋友nline friend(s);
上当受骗t be cheated
Page N.1172
【模板展示】
Recently ur class had a heated discussin ver whether (探讨的问题)r nt. Different peple have different pinins. Sme peple say yes. They think that (支持的理由一). And (支持的理由二). Besides (支持的理由三,此点略低于前两个).
Others, hwever, think students shuld nt. They say (反对的理由一). And (反对的理由二). In additin(以别于前面的Besides), (反对的理由三).
It is my pinin that (自己的观点)students shuld place their study, health and safety befre ther things. (理由一至二).
Page N.1173
【佳篇品读】
Recently ur class had a heated discussin ver whether middle schl students shuld make friends nline. Different peple have different pinins. Sme peple say yes. They think that the internet helps make mre friends. And chatting n line, students can mre freely express their feelings and pinins. Besides they may even get help with their freign language studies.
Others, hwever, think students shuld nt. They say making friends n line is a waste f time. And they shuld spend time mre meaningfully n study. Besides, sme students get cheated n line.
It is my pinin that students shuld place their study, health and safety befre ther things. As fr friendship, we can easily find it in ur classmates and ther peple arund us.
Page N.1174
【模仿shw】
最近,你们学校组织高三学生进行了一场讨论。主题是“要不要集中进行晚自习”。根据下图提供的信息,写一篇英语短文,客观地介绍一下讨论的情况,要涵盖所有要点。
Page N.1175
One pssible versin:
Recently ur class had a heated discussin ver whether they were willing t have the evening selfstudy at schl r nt. Different peple have different pinins.
60 percent f the students think its a gd idea t have the evening selfstudy at schl. They think they can d better in their study with the help f the teachers. Als, they can cncentrate n their lessns better in the classrm and with cmpany f their fellw classmates.
25 percent f the students, hwever, think students shuld nt. They suppse that they may get disturbed by thers and there are pssible dangers n their way hme alne.
At the same time, still 15 percent f the students dnt have a clear answer t the questin. They say they will g t schl t have evening selfstudy if they are asked t, but they prmise they can als d well at hme.
Page N.1176
应用文(书信)Ⅰ
【典题在线】
(2008·全国Ⅱ)
假定你是李华, 你的英国朋友Peter来信向你咨询如何才能学好中文。请你根据下列要点写回信。
要点:1. 参加中文学习班;
2. 看中文书刊、电视节目;
3. 学唱中文歌曲;
4. 交中国朋友。
……
注意:1. 可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
2. 开头语已为你写好;
3. 词数100左右。
Page N.1177
June 8, 2008
Dear Peter,
Im glad t receive yur letter asking fr my advice n hw t learn Chinese well.
Best wishes,
Li Hua
Page N.1178
【模板展示】
日期
称呼,
Im glad t receive yur letter asking fr my advice n hw t .
Here are a few suggestins. First, it is imprtant t (第一件应该做的事情), as yull be able t (手段). Then, it als helps t (第二件应该做的事情).
Besides, it shuld be a gd idea t (第三件应该做的事情). Yu can als (第四件要做的事情). (这样做的好处).
(表达祝愿).
落款
Page N.1179
【佳篇品读】
June 8, 2008
Dear Peter,
I’m glad t receive yur letter asking fr my advice n hw t learn Chinese well.
Here are a few suggestins. First, it is imprtant t take a Chinese curse, as yull be able t learn frm the teacher and practice with yur fellw students. Then, it als helps t watch TV prgrammes and read bks, newspapers and magazines in Chinese whenever pssible.
Besides, it shuld be a gd idea t learn and sing Chinese sngs, because by ding s yull learn and remember Chinese wrds mre easily. Yu can als make mre Chinese friends. They will tell yu a lt abut China and help yu learn Chinese.
Try and write me in Chinese next time.
Best wishes,
Li Hua
Page N.1180
【模仿shw】
假定你是李华,你从电视上看到甲型H1N1流感(H1N1 flu)仍在美国流行,你正在美国上学的笔友Jack向你询问防护建议。
建议:1. 尽量待在家里, 少去人多的地方;
2. 勤洗手, 讲卫生;
3. 多开窗, 保持空气新鲜;
4. 多吃水果蔬菜。
注意: 1. 词数100左右;
2. 开头和结尾已给出, 不计入总词数。
Dear Jack,
I’m glad t receive yur letter asking fr my advice n hw t prtect yurself frm H1N1 flu.
Page N.1181
One pssible versin:
Dear Jack,
I’m glad t receive yur letter asking fr my advice n hw t prtect yurself frm H1N1 flu.
Here are a few suggestins. First, t stay away frm this disease, yu had better stay at hme as much as pssible and nt g t places where there are many peple. Then, wash yur hands mre ften t keep them clean.
Besides, it is necessary t pen the windw t have mre fresh air in the rm. And yu shuld eat mre fruits and vegetables t keep yurself fit and strng.
S far the disease is nt s deadly as it seems t be. D be at ease! Take care and yull be OK.
Yurs truly,
Li Hua
Page N.1182
应用文(书信) Ⅱ
【典题在线】 (2009·全国Ⅱ)
假如你是李华,你的美国朋友Sarah 打算暑期来北京旅游,来信询问改建后前门大街的情况。请你写封回信,简单介绍以下内容:
1. 简况:前门大街长800余米,有600多年的历史、300余家商铺;
2. 位置:天安门广场南面;
3. 交通:公共汽车17、69、59等路,地铁2号线;
4. 特色:步行街、无轨电车、茶馆、剧院等。
Page N.1183
参考词汇:步行街 pedestrian street
无轨电车 trlley car
地铁 subway
注意: 1. 可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
2. 开头语已为你写好,但不计入总词数。
Dear Sarah,
Thank yu fr yur letter fr asking abut the rebuilt Qianmen street. Here is smething abut it.
Yur sincerely,
Li Hua
Page N.1184
【模板展示】
Dear Sarah,
Thank yu fr yur letter fr asking abut (某地). Here is smething abut it.
(某地) is a famus street/museum/city/university f ver (年). (按顺序介绍)Alng (某地), there are mre than (地方,商店,大楼等). As the street/museum/city/university is (某位置), just t/in/n the suth/east/west/nrth f , it’s very cnvenient t (做某事,如乘车去,步行去等). Yu may (去的方式). (此地的特色) . I’m sure yull like it.
Page N.1185
【佳篇品读】
Dear Sarah,
Thank yu fr yur letter fr asking abut the rebuilt Qianmen Street. Here is smething abut it.
Qianmen Street is a famus street f ver 600 years ld. Alng this 800meter street, there are mre than 300 shps. As the street is in the center f Beijing, just t the suth f Tiananmen Square, it’s very cnvenient t get there by bus. Yu may take Buses N. 17, 69 r 59. Subway Line 2 has a stp there t. Qianmen Street is a pedestrian street, but there are trlley cars t take yu nt nly t the shps, but als t chatters and teahuses where yu can experience a truly Chinese way f life. Im sure yull like it.
Yur sincerely,
Li Hua
Page N.1186
【模仿shw】
下面是光明中学的示意图。假如你是王伟,请根据示意图和图后的说明写一篇120词左右的短文向你的美国朋友Peter介绍这所学校。
示意图说明:
1.①—④篮球场(basketball curt);⑤餐厅;⑥学生宿舍;⑦老师宿舍;⑧花坛;⑨花坛(flwer bed);
2.所有大楼四周都种有灌木和花草;
3.学校占地130亩,有100多年的历史;
4.学生大约有3000人;教师有150人。学校在市中心以西10公里处,周围安静,校园优美,给学生提供了很好的学习环境。
Page N.1187
One pssible versin:
Dear Peter,
Thank yu fr yur letter fr asking abut the Guangming Schl. Here is smething abut it.
Guangming High Schl is a famus schl f ver 100 years. It is in the west f the city, with the Chengxi River running nearby. It cvers an area f 130 mu. When yu enter the schl, yu can see a big flwer bed in frnt f yu, and tw large buildings n bth sides—the library n yur right and the teaching building n yur left. Walking n further, yu will find the gymnasium, which is the mst beautiful building n the campus, with anther rund flwer bed in frnt. Behind it, there lie fur basketball curts. Next t the curts is the sprts grund. Alng its east side stand three buildings—the dining hall, and tw drmitries fr the students and teachers. All the buildings are surrunded by bushes and flwers.
Wang Wei
Page N.1188
应用文(书信) Ⅲ
【典题在线】(2009·陕西)
假定你是李华。在一个英文网络论坛上, 你看到一个名叫Grwnup的中学生发帖(pst)寻求帮助, 请根据帖子的内容、写作要点和要求回贴。
Page N.1189
写作要点:
1. 告诉Grwnup要理解母亲;
2. 给Grwnup提出解决问题的具体建议。
要求:
1. 内容充实, 结构完整, 语意连贯;
2. 书写须清晰、工整。
【模板展示】
Dear Grwnup,
As a , I understand yur situatin. The prblem yu are facing is cmmn amng ur teenagers. Hwever, . Here are a few suggestins.
First, . (这样做的理由) .
Secnd, . (这样做的理由) .
Page N.1190
【佳篇品读】
Dear Grwnup,
As a student f yur age, I understand yur situatin. The prblem yu are facing is cmmn amng ur teenagers. Hwever, it shuld be wise nt t d anything that may hurt her feelings. Here are a few suggestins.
First, its advisable t talk mre with yur mm. Hearttt talks help yu understand each ther better. They are als pprtunities t let her knw yur ideas and attitudes tward many things.
Secnd, yu shuld learn t d yur wn things well, prving t yur mm that yu are already a “Grwnup”. Its even better if yu culd share mre f the husewrk, such as cleaning, washing and cking.
Page N.1191
【模仿shw】
假如你叫李华,你在网上看到有人以Depressed为名,寻求帮助。事情是这样的:高考临近,他非常着急,可总是静不下心来复习。你回帖告诉他解决的办法:一、多出去参加体育锻炼,这样可以分散一会注意力;二、把复习的内容做好计划,这样可以按时间复习,避免慌乱。
要求:
1. 可适当增加一些情节;
2. 词数:100左右。
Page N.1192
One pssible versin:
Dear Depressed,
As a student f yur age, I understand yur situatin. The prblem yu are facing is cmmn amng ur teenagers. Hwever, it shuld be wise t d smething that stps the situatin. Here are a few suggestins.
First, its advisable t take sme exercises after class. In ding s yu may frget the hard wrk fr a while and yu may refresh yurself when yu begin yur study again.
Secnd, yu shuld arrange yur study prperly. It’s better t d the right thing at the right time. Yu dnt need t feel depressed then.
Hpe yu get better sn and make great prgress.
Yurs sincerely,
Li Hua
Page N.1193
应用文(书信)Ⅳ
【写作说明】
通过书信反映现实存在的一些事情是高考常见的形式。这一类作文中,首先我们要注意书信的格式,然后直接反映情况,接下来提出自己的看法或者解决办法,最后是与对方的探讨。
【典题在线】 (2009·湖南)
假设你是某中学新老师李红,请给你的朋友张华写一封信,告诉他你第一天上课的情况,主要内容如下:
1. 描述一件课堂上令你印象深刻的事情;
2. 介绍你处理该事的方式;
3. 谈谈你的感想。
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注意:1. 词数不少于120个;
2. 可适当发挥想像,增加细节,以使行文连贯;
3. 文中不得出现与本人及学校相关的任何真实信息。
【模板展示】
Dear (姓名),
Nw I want t tell yu an impressive stry that happened (某个地方).
(以时间顺序讲述事件的起因、发生、发展、结局).
Frm the stry I felt we shuld (自己的看法,或者由此事产生的认识). D yu think s? Im lking frward t yur reply.
Yurs truly,
Li Hng
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【佳篇品读】
Dear Zhang Hua,
Nw I want t tell yu an impressive stry that happened n my first lessn.
On hearing the bell, students ran int the classrm as quickly as they can. But a by, Li Ming, whse father died a mnth ag, was late fr the class. He std utside the classrm, silently. I smiled t him and let him cme in. After a while, he cried n his desk. Then I walked t him and asked what had happened. He tld me that his mther was ill and he had t take sme medicine fr her. At the same time, he aplgized t me fr his lateness. Mved by his wrds, I praised him fr his deeds and decided t sing a sng named Mther fr the students. Hw time flies! Class was ver befre I realized it.
Frm the stry I felt we shuld respect ur parents and d ur best t help them. D yu think s? Im lking frward t yur reply.
Yurs truly,
Li Hng
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【模仿shw】
假定你是李华,在网上你看到一群中学生在殴打一名学生的视频(vide)。视频中,几个中学生对这名同学先是谩骂,然后拳脚相加。这些人还对着镜头做着各种怪动作或者表情。旁观者不仅不制止,还在为这几个打人的学生鼓掌(applaud)。请根据以下要求给报社写封信:
1. 描述事情的经过;
2. 谈谈你的感想。
注意:1. 可适当发挥想像,增加细节,以使行文连贯;
2. 文中不得出现与本人及学校相关的任何真实信息。
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One pssible versin:
Dear editr,
Nw I want t tell yu an impressive stry happened n the Internet.
T he ther day I happened t watch a vide n the Internet. Several senir students first said ill wrds t a by and then they kncked with fists and kicked him with fts. N passersby went t stp them. Instead they laughed, and even applauded t cheer the bad bys up. In the end that bys muth and nse were bleeding badly and thse bys made ugly faces t the camera, which made me very angry.
Frm the stry I felt we shuld respect each ther and help each ther when in truble. Besides, ur schls shuld make strict rules t stp such bad behaviur happening again. D yu think s? Im lking frward t yur reply.
Yurs truly,
Li Hua
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应用文(发言稿)
【典题在线】
(2010·01·浙江安江中学、寿昌中学、严州中学联考)
5月10日,为了庆祝母亲节,你们班开展了以“尊敬父母”为主题的活动。假如你是校英语报记者。请按下列要点用英语写一则演讲稿。
1. 时间:母亲节(5月10日)
2. 现象:大多数同学是独生子女,只看重自己不顾及父母
3. 宗旨:让每位学生都理解父母,尊敬父母
4. 活动:(1)送一份自制的礼物给父母;
(2)记住父母的生日,并表达祝愿;
(3)给父母写一封信……;
(4)父母上下班主动打招呼;
……
5. 感想或简短评论
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【模板展示】
Ladies and gentlemen:
(日期), we had an activity (活动内容), aiming t (目的).
As we knw, (现状). Therefre, we held the activity t shw . In this activity,sme f us (人们的表现一); sme (表现二); sme (表现三); sme (表现四).
After this activity, (别人以及自己的感受)
Thank yu!
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【佳篇品读】
Ladies and gentlemen:
On May 10th, we had an activity in celebratin f mther’s day, aiming t let everyne respect and cnsiderate f his parents.
As we knw, mst f us students tday are the nly child in ur family, we ften regard urselves as the center f the family, withut caring much abut ur parents. Therefre, we held the activity t shw ur respect t ur parents. In this activity, sme f us gave presents made by urselves t parents; sme remembered parents’ birthdays and decided t express ur gd wishes t them; sme said hell t parents when they went t wrk and returned hme after wrk; sme even wrte a letter and had a hearttheart talk with parents.
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After this activity, all f us felt it was wrthwhile. We develped an awareness f respecting ur parents. What an unfrgettable and meaningful day it is!
Thank yu!
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【模仿shw】
现在倡导“文明从我做起”,以改变目前社会上的一些不良风气。为了支持这一活动,4月20日(星期日)你们学校组织学生走上街头进行献爱心活动。有的帮助老人过马路,有的帮助打扫街道,有的宣传文明用语。
对这一做法,你们班同学有的赞成,有的反对。你的看法如何?请根据以上提示用英语写一则演讲稿。
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One pssible versin:
Ladies and gentlemen:
On Sunday, April 20th, we had an activity aiming t let everyne knw that civilizatin must start frm urselves.
As we knw, in ur actual sciety, sme peple are rude t thers, and even sme give great harm t thers. And we can see many unprper behaviurs. Therefre, we held the activity t suprt the idea that civilizatin must be made by urselves. In this activity,sme f us helped clean the rad; sme helped the ld crss the rad; sme made peple knw what is civilizatin in ur wrds and actins.
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After this activity, mst f us felt it was wrthwhile. But sme thught we were just making shw, we can’t change the sciety with a single actin. Of curse, we can’t change these things with ne actin, but I think if each f us d gd things regularly, we will have a gd scial envirnment.
Thank yu!
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半开放式作文Ⅰ
【写作指导】
半开放式作文是近年来英语学科书面表达的一个趋势和要求,是一种常见题型。所谓“半开放”是指试题给出部分要点,考生自己再增加一些要点。这样的作文可以分为两大部分:试题给出的材料和自己增加的材料。在写给出材料时一定注意不要遗漏要点,更不要曲解试题的意思。在写自己增加部分时也不可以随意发挥,要吃透命题人的意思。例如:关于中学生是否可以把手机带进教室,我们最好不赞成带手机进教室,因为命题人一般是大中学校的老师,他们是不会赞成学生带手机进教室的。
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【典题在线】(2010·01·山东平邑·阶段性质检)
假如你们班在“珍爱生命,拒闯红灯”的教育活动中,召开了一次主题班会。请你根据下表内容,用英语写一篇短文。
行人(passerby)闯红灯的危害 妨碍交通,影响车辆的正常行驶。
容易引发事故,危及他人和自身的生命安全。
……(自己设想)
对行人闯红灯的处罚措施 批评教育,让其认识到闯红灯的危害性。
当场给予警告并罚款。
……(自己设想)
注意:1.内容可适当发挥,注意行文连贯;
2.参考词汇:乱穿马路jaywalk;
3.词数:120-150。
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【模板展示】
Recently we held a class meeting t discuss the prblem f (讨论的问题). As we can see, (这种事件的现实情况). (造成的结果).
It is really a pity t see all this in ur sciety. T deal with the situatin, the gvernment has taken sme measures. (具体已经采取了什么样的措施). We shuld (你认为还要怎么做).
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【佳篇品读】
Recently we held a class meeting t discuss the prblem f passersby crssing the street while the traffic light is red. As we can see, sme passersby dnt bey traffic rules and jaywalk frequently. This blcks traffic, seriusly affects drivers and causes accidents t happen, endangering the safety f passersby and drivers. In a wrd, jaywalking prduces negative effects and des nt help develp gd scial behaviur.
It is really a pity t see all this in ur sciety. T deal with the situatin, the gvernment has taken sme measures. When caught jaywalking, the passersby are criticized s that they will becme aware f the dangers f ding s, r they are fined n the spt. Smetimes the traffic plice will reprt jaywalkers at their wrkplace and expse them t the public. Hwever, it will still take a lng time t stp passersby frm jaywalking. We shuld start frm urselves right nw.
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【模仿shw】
假如你们班在“爱护环境,拯救地球”的教育活动中,召开了一次主题班会。请你根据以下要点,用英语写一篇短文。
1. 目前的环境状况:气候异常;空气、水、土壤等污染严重;
2. 政府采取的措施:限制高污染企业投产;对环境时时检测;
3. 你认为还有哪些有更有效的措施?
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One pssible versin:
Recently we held a class meeting t discuss the prblem f the glbal pllutin. As we can see, ur surrundings have been badly plluted. Our air, water, and sil have becme pisnus. And the weather is nt quite nrmal.
It is really a pity t see all this in ur sciety. T deal with the situatin, the gvernment has taken sme measures. Firms that badly plluted the envirnments are nt allwed t be built. And ur envirnments are under clse attentin by the lcal departments. Things are getting better. Hwever, it will still take a lng time t stp the cnditin. We shuld have a strng sense f envirnmental prtectin right nw.
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半开放式作文Ⅱ
【典题在线】(2009·福建)
某英语报社拟成立“微笑俱乐部”,现向全球征募会员。要求申请者提交一篇题为“I want t Smile”的英语短文。请你以申请者的身份,根据以下思路图的提示用英语写一篇短文。
注意:根据思路图适当展开,以使行文连贯
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【模板展示】
I Want t Smile
(第一要点概括句,例如:There are many advantages f smiling.) (分要点一). (分要点二). S (结论).
First, (第二要点概括). (展开一句或两句). Then (第三要点). (展开一句或两句).
In a wrd, (或In my pinin/Persnally) (总结;提出自己的看法等).
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【佳篇品读】
There are many advantages f smiling. It can nt nly make us happy, but als please thers. If we smile at life, life will smile n us in return. S I want t smile at all whenever and wherever pssible.
First, I wuld like t smile at my parents because they have given me life and taken all the trubles t bring me up. They arrange almst everything fr me. With their help, I have made great prgress. I wuld like t say “Thank yu” t them with a smile. Then my smile shuld g t myself, fr nly in this way can I gain mre cnfidence in smiling my trubles away and live a better life.
In a wrd, let’s greet every day with a smile. Tmrrw is anther day.
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【模仿shw】
假设你叫李华,你的美国笔友Jhnsn想和家人来中国定居,请你帮他在A、B两个城市中做出选择。下面的图表是对这两座城市在就业、娱乐和环境等方面所作的对比。请你根据该表提供的信息用英语给他写封电子邮件,提出你的建议并说明理由。
注意:1. 图表左边的数字说明人们对这两个城市的喜爱程度。
2. 词数:120左右。短文开头和结尾已为你写好,不计入总词数。
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One pssible versin:
Dear Jhnsn,
I’m s glad t learn that yu and yur family are cming t settle dwn in China.
After a careful study f the infrmatin abut the tw cities, I suggest yu chse t live in City A.
First, City A is a mre ppular city t live in. The envirnment in City A is better than that in City B and the climate there is very pleasant. Then, there are many places fr entertainment where yu can enjy yurselves in yur spare time. As fr the emplyment, thugh the jb pprtunities are nt s gd as in City B, yet I dn’t think it’s a prblem fr yu as a teacher f English.
In a wrd, I think City A is a better chice, but it’s up t yu t decide. Hpe t hear frm yu again.
Yurs,
Li Hua
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开放作文
【写作指导】
开放作文只给出主题或两三点提示或一段素材,然后由考生在此基础上充分发挥想像力,自由创作。因此,写作时要把握好给出的材料,然后据此进行拓展延伸,这一点很重要。
【典题在线】(2009·北京)
请根据下面的提示,写一篇短文,词数不少于50。
In yur spken English class, yur teacher shws yu the fllwing picture. Yu are asked t describe the picture and explain hw yu understand it.
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【模板展示】
What an interesting picture! (图画内容的描述). (自己对图画的认识). (由此展开的社会或生活话题).
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【佳篇品读】
What an interesting picture! A Western yung man, sitting at a table, is ready t eat a bwl f ndles. He is hlding tw frks the same way as we Chinese hld chpsticks. He is trying s hard t pick up the ndles that he is sweating a lt. At first glance, I think its a bit funny, fr we Chinese take fr granted that chpsticks are the tls fr eating ndles. The man in the picture is trying t cpy us. Obviusly, he is ding in the hard way. Maybe using ne frk will d a better jb, In my pinin, we dnt need t cpy thers ways f thinking. Smetimes a simpler way f ding things may be a better way.
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【模仿shw】
请根据下面的提示,写一篇短文。词数:不少于50。
In yur spken English class, yur teacher shws yu the fllwing picture. Yu are asked t describe the picture and explain hw yu understand it.
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One pssible versin:
What an interesting picture! A by is climbing a high muntain, sweating all ver and having a tired lk. In spite f many large rcks blcking his way, the exhausted by is still struggling n the steep muntainside, because he knws that there is a rainbw behind the muntain.
What the picture cnveys is that althugh the way t success seems lng and difficult, there is still hpe like the rainbw in ur hearts. S lng as we are cnfident and never give up, we are sure t achieve success. In everyday life, all f us are facing many difficulties and experiencing great hardships just like the by. If we are determined t get t the tp, well see the rainbw!
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从近几年各地的高考试题来看,高考对名词的考查重点是一些易混知识点。如:名词的数、格,名词作定语,抽象名词具体化以及词义辨析等;对冠词的考查重点是冠词的基本用法。下面主要从高考考查重点的角度讲解名词和冠词。
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名词
一、名词的数
1.名词的单复数
1)不可数名词
不可数名词没有复数形式,如果需要表示多少,通常要用“a+表示数量的词+f+名词”来表示。通常抽象名词和物质名词都是不可数名词。同时,不可数名词之间的意义区别是名词的重要考点。常见的不可数名词有:
①物质名词:ice,cffee,sup,grass,clth,clthing,irn,fd,bread等。
②抽象名词:thught, success, advice,knwledge, experience,curage,fun,childhd等。
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种类变化举例
一般情况词尾加spens, bks, tables, cmputers
以-s、-x、-ch、-sh结尾词尾加esbuses, classes, benches, bxes
以辅音字母+y结尾变y为i再加esfamilies, cities,Cuntries
以元音字母+y结尾词尾加sbys, plays, chiefs,
以-f或-fe结尾变f或fe为v,
再加eswlves, knives,wives, lives
直接加sprfs, rfs, beliefs
以字母-结尾
词尾加esheres, ptates,tmates, msquites,
Negres
词尾加sradis, zs,kils, pians
2)可数名词复数的变化
①规则变化
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②不规则变化
种类举例
单复数相同deer, sheep, aircraft, means,
species, series, wrks
单数形式表示复数内容peple, plice, yuth, cattle, crew
复数形式表示单数内容news, physics, plitic
合成词变复数passersby, sns-in-law, plicemen,lkersn, grwnups
词形变化men, wmen, children,
teeth, feet, media
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2.名词的复数类指与冠词
复数可数名词表示泛指,前面一般不加冠词,如果加冠词则表示特指或事物的类别。
—Culd yu tell me the way t Jhnsns,please?
—Srry,we dnt have Jhnsn here in the village.
A.the; the B.the;a C./;the D.the;/
解析:选B。前面“the+姓氏的复数”指一家人或夫妇两个;后面表示“一个姓……的人”,为泛指概念,因此姓氏的前面加不定冠词a。
3.名词在特殊情况下的复数使用
有些名词在使用时总是用其复数形式,如:thanks, clthes,cngratulatins,gds,wrks,shes,trusers 等。有些短语也要求用名词复数形式:
make preparatins fr 为……做准备
take pains t d sth. 努力做某事
make bth ends meet 收支平衡
keep ties with 同……保持联系
be in high spirits 兴致勃勃;情绪很高
d/make repairs 进行修理
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二、名词所有格
1.对于有生命的名词,其单数的所有格一般在名词后面加“’s”,如:the bys bag这个男孩的书包,而以s结尾的人名或复数名词后直接加“ ’ ”,如:Teachers’ Day教师节,Charles’ hme查理的家。
无生命的名词的所有格可用f表示所属关系,如:the tp f the muntain山顶。
但有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市、团体、机构等无生命的名词后也可以加“’s”构成所有格,如:an hur’s wrk一个小时的工作。
The ntice frm the students unin,which I learned frm tday’s schl paper,calls n all f us t dnate mney t help the girl student wh is seriusly ill.
我从今天的校报上了解到,学生会号召我们大家捐资帮助那个生了重病的女同学。
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2.表示所属物的名词前有冠词、数词、不定代词或指示代词时,用“f+名词所有格”的形式来表示所属关系构成双重所有格。
A bk f Mary’s has been made int a mvie.
玛丽的一本书被拍成了电影。
3.所修饰的名词为商店、住宅或其他处所时,名词常省略。如:at the dctrs(clinic)在诊所;in the managers(ffice)在经理办公室。
4.表示并列名词“共有某物”时,只在最后一个名词后加“’s”;如果表示“各自所有”时,则在每个名词后加“ ’s ”。
America and England’s prblem
美英两国共同的问题
America’s and England’s prblems
美英两国各自的问题
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三、名词作定语
名词作定语的情况如下:
1.表示材料的名词作定语,说明被修饰的名词是什么原料制成的。如:a diamnd necklace 一条钻石项链; silk bk 帛书。
2.表示用途、性质的名词作定语。如:light waves光波; sprts shes 运动鞋。
3.如果两个名词构成部分与整体的关系,则表示整体的名词可以作定语(常指物)。如:animal bnes动物骨头; cigarette ends烟头。
4.表示地点的名词作定语,说明被修饰的名词存在或发生的地方。America’s culture 美国文化
5.表示性别或身份的名词作定语。如:a female elephant一头母象。
6.表示泛指的时间名词作定语。如:evening dress 晚礼服; rster year stamp 鸡年邮票。但表示具体的时间名词作定语,则要用所有格形式来表达。如:yesterday’s news 昨天的消息;an hur’s drive 开车一小时的路程。
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注意:名词作定语时,一般用单数形式,但在特殊情况下,要用复数形式。如:sprts meet 运动会; the United States gvernment美国政府; the students
Reading-rm 学生阅览室; gds train 货车;tw
men-dctrs 两个男医生。
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冠词
一、不定冠词的用法:
1. 不定冠词一般用在单数可数名词前表示某一个;用在某些物质名词或抽象名词前表示“一种、一类、一份、一阵、一场”等。
2. 指事物的单位,含有“每……”之意。
3. 另外还要注意以下几点:
1)指某人或某物,但不具体说明何人或何物。
2)三餐名词,表示独一无二的名词和专有名词前有形容词修饰时,用不定冠词。
3)有时在星期、月份和日期前加不定冠词,表示泛指。如:n a Friday在一个星期五。
4)在序数词前加不定冠词,表示“再次,又一个”。如:a secnd man又一个人。
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4. 单数可数名词前a/an的选择
1)不定冠词a,an用于单数可数名词前,表示“一个/一本/一辆……”。an用于以元音开头的名词前(注意:不是以元音字母开头的词)。
如:a bk; a hspital; a traffic accident
an apple; an range; an easyging man
2)用a还是用an,需注意如下几点:
①以u开头的单词读[ju:]时用a,读[ ∧ ]时用an。
如:an unhappy by; a useful language; a university
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②有些单词开头的辅音字母h不发音时,应该用an。
如:an hur, an hnest man
③英文字母前用a还是用an。
在26个英文字母中,a,e,i,,f,h,l,m,n,r,s,x等12个字母的读音是以元音开头的,其余字母则是以辅音开头的。以元音开头的字母前用an,以辅音开头的字母前用a。
如:an “s”;an “f”; an “h”
a “b”;a “t”; a “p”
④注意有些合成词前不定冠词的使用。
如:an 800-wrd cmpsitin; a ne-legged table
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二、定冠词的用法:
1. 定冠词用来特指某些人或某些事物,或指说话双方都知道的人或事物以及复述上文中提到的事物。
2. 定冠词用于某些单数的可数名词或某些形容词之前,表示一类事物或一类人。
3. 定冠词用于序数词、形容词最高级或nly(唯一的),very(正是那个)前表示次序或特指。
4. 在表示世界上独一无二的事物或表示方位的名词前,要用定冠词。
5. 在表示乐器或发明物的名词前,要用定冠词the,但中国独有的乐器前不加the。
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6. 在江河、海洋、山脉、群岛、沙漠、海峡、海湾等专有名词前用定冠词the, 如:the Pacific Ocean 太平洋。
7. 在姓氏的复数形式前加定冠词the,表示一家人。
8. 在“主语+动词+宾语+介词+the+身体部位名词”的固定结构中,要特别注意不能用物主代词代替定冠词,在此结构中常用的动词有:pat 轻拍,strike 击打;攻击,beat 击打,catch 抓住等。
9. 用于世纪的年代前,表示“在某世纪几十年代”。
如:in the 1980s 在二十世纪八十年代。
10. 在含有普通名词的专有名词前和表示某机关团体、党派等组织或机构的名称前用定冠词the。
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三、不用冠词的情况:
1.在专有名词(人名、地名)、物质名词、抽象名词等名词前,一般不用冠词。如:Asia 亚洲。
2.表示职位、头衔的名词前,一般不用冠词。如:bss 老板, mnitr 班长, headmaster 校长, mayr市长等。
3.三餐、球类、棋类运动、星期几、月份和日期等名词前一般不用冠词,季节名词前用不用the意义无区别。
4.当bike,car,taxi,bus,train,bat,ship,plane,e-mail等交通、通信工具与介词by 连用,表示交通、通信方式时,不用冠词。
5.有些名词与介词搭配表示抽象意义,不加冠词,常作状语。如:in surprise/wnder/danger/tears,in lve with, under pressure, beynd expressin等。
6.表示场所和时间的名词用于某些固定短语中,名词前不用冠词。如:at night在夜里。
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四、另外特别要关注的几个难点:
1. 抽象名词具体化与冠词连用
抽象名词单纯表示一种概念时是不可数名词;但如果表示具体的人或物时,就成了可数名词。这就是我们这里要说的“抽象名词具体化”。这些名词没有复数形式,一般与不定冠词连用。如下表:
不可数名词汉语意义可数名词汉语意义
Cffee咖啡a cffee一份咖啡,一杯咖啡
beauty美丽a beauty一位美人
Success成功a success一个成功的人或事
Knwledge知识a gd
knwledge f对……的了解
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2. 冠词有无,意义不同
在某些词组中,用不用冠词,含义有所不同。如下表:
g t schl去上学in hspital住院
g t the schl去那所学校in the hspital在那家医院
in frnt f在……的前面ut f questin没问题
in the frnt f在……的前部ut f the questin根本不可能
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3. 特殊群体名词与谓语动词的单复数
特殊群体名词主要指集体名词。英语中的集体名词的“数”有三种情况:
1)形单义复的名词,谓语动词用复数,如:plice 警察,peple 人们,yuth 青年,flk 人们。
2)单义单形名词,谓语动词用单数,如:baggage 行李,clthing 衣服, furniture家具, machinery 机器。
3)有些集体名词当整体意义讲时,谓语用单数;当一个个成员讲时,谓语用复数,且形式不变。如:family 家,gvernment 政府,grup 组,team 队,class 班级,audience 听众。
4. 同义、近义名词在不同语境中的辨析,此时特别注意以下几点:
1)注意名词意义上的差异;
2)注意名词的内涵和外延;
3)注意名词的搭配关系;
4)注意名词所用的场合和语境。
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例1:—He says that my new car is a f mney.
—Dn’t yu think thse wrds are just sur grapes?(2009·山东)
A. lackB. ladC. questinD. waste
解析:选D。句意为:——他说我的新车只是在浪费钱而已。——难道你不觉得那种话有吃不着葡萄说葡萄酸的感觉吗?a lack f 缺少;a questin f ……的问题;a waste f 浪费。
例2:Let’s g t cinema-thatll take yur mind ff the prblem fr while.(2009·宁夏)
A. the; theB. the; aC. a; theD. a; a
解析:选B。句意为:让我们去电影院吧——这会使你暂时不去想那个问题。g t the cinema 和fr a while均为固定词组。
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例3:This area experienced heaviest rainfall in mnth f May.(2009·辽宁)
A. /; a B. a; the C. the; the D. the; a
解析:选C。句意为:该地区五月份经历了最大的降雨。heaviest为形容词的最高级,前面用the, in the mnth f May是习惯用法。
例4:The system has been designed t give students quick and easy t the digital resurces f the library.(2009·浙江)
A. access B. passage C. way D. apprach
解析:选A。句意为: 这个系统的目的在于让学生们方便快捷地使用图书馆的数字资源。access t为固定用法,意为:可以利用,可以达到。
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例5:I dn’t understand what the engineer means, but
I’ve gt rugh idea f prject plan.(2009·浙江)
A. the; a B. /; the C. the; / D. a; the
解析:选D。句意为:我不理解工程师的意思,但是对于这项工程计划我已经有了一个大致的想法。第一个空表示泛指,第二个空表示特指。
例6:We can never expect bluer sky unless we create less plluted wrld.(2009·安徽)
A. a; aB. a; theC. the; aD. the; the
解析:选A。句意为:如果我们不创造一个减少环境污染的世界,我们永远不要期望能拥有一片更蓝的天空。根据句意,“bluer sky”和“less plluted wrld”为可数名词且表示泛指,所以都用不定冠词。
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例7:China has gt a gd fr fighting against the flu with its careful and smth rganizatin. (2009·安徽)
A. Reputatin B. influence
C. Impressin D. knwledge
解析:选A。句意为: 因为中国在防控流感方面认真和顺利的组织而使中国赢得了好的声誉。influence 影响; impressin 印象; knwledge 知识,均不符合题意。
例8:What I need is bk that cntains ABC f il painting.(2009·全国Ⅱ)
A. a; / B. the; / C. the; an D. a; the
解析:选D。句意为:我需要的是一本包括油画基础知识的书。bk是泛指,前需加a, 而ABC则特指油画的入门知识,故应加the。
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例9:The biggest whale is blue whale, which grws t be abut 29 meters lng-the height f 9-stry building.(2009·北京)
A. the; the B. a; a C. a; the D. the; a
解析:选D。the blue whale表示“一类……”, 即“the +名词”的形式;a 9-stry building一座9层高的大楼。
例10:—Shall we g ut fr a walk?
—Srry. This is nt the right t invite me. I am t tired t walk.(2008·江西)
A. Mment B. situatin C. Place D. chance
解析:选A。考查名词辨析。由第二句的后半句“说话者拒绝了对方的邀请,并说明理由是太累了”可知,那个人邀请的“不是时候”,因此用mment; situatin 情况,局面; place 地点;chance 机会。
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代词是用来代替名词及起名词作用的词。代词是高考英语试题中考查较多的词类之一,除考查引导从句的连接代词和关系代词外,重点考查不定代词,对人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词和疑问代词等也有不同程度的考查。代词的数量有限,但种类变化却非常多,应注意辨析掌握它们的用法。以下是代词的分类及考点分析。
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类别例词
人称代词主格I, we, yu, yu, he, she, it, they
宾格me, us, yu, yu, him, her, it, them
物主代词形容词性物主词my, ur, yur, yur, his, her, its, their
名词性物主代词mine, urs, yurs, yurs, his, hers, its, theirs
反身代词?myself, yurself, himself, herself, itself, urselves, yurselves, themselves
指示代词this, that, these, thse
相互代词each ther, ne anther
不定代词可数each, ne, many, (a) few, bth, anther, either, neither
不可数much, (a) little
可数、不可数all, sme, nne, such, any, ther
复合不定代词smething, smene, smebdy, anything, anyne, anybdy, everything, everyne, everybdy, n ne, nbdy, nthing
疑问代词what, which, wh, whm, whse
连接代词what(ever), which(ever), wh(ever), whm(ever), whse(ever)
关系代词wh, whm, whse, which, that, as
一、代词的分类
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二、考点分析
1. 人称代词主格与宾格
人称代词的主格在句中作主语,宾格在句中作动词或介词的宾语。
She and I are gd friends. 她和我是好朋友。
Have yu heard frm him? 你收到他的来信了吗?
注意:人称代词用作表语或单独使用时常用宾格形式。
—Wh is that? 你是谁?
—It’s me. 是我。
—Glad t see yu again. 很高兴再见到你。
—Me t. 我也是。
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2. 名词性物主代词和形容词性物主代词
形容词性物主代词只能在名词前作定语,名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”,在句中作主语、宾语、表语或与f连用作后置定语,但不能独立作定语。
This is nt my shirt. It’s his. 这不是我的衬衫。这是他的。
My pen is brken. May I use yurs?
我的钢笔坏了。我可以用你的吗?
Kate and her sister went n hliday with a cusin f theirs.
凯特姐俩和她们的一位表妹一起度假去了。
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3. 反身代词
反身代词在句中可以作宾语、表语、同位语,不能作主语。
Make yurself at hme. 别客气。
I am nt quite myself tday. 我今天感觉不太好。
Yud better ask the girl herself. 你最好问问那个女孩本人。
The headmaster himself will give away the prizes t the students at the meeting.
校长将在会上亲自给学生颁发奖品。
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4. 指示代词
指示代词有this, that, these, thse等。其用法需注意以下几点:
1) this, these是时间或空间上的“近指”,可与here连用;that, thse是时间或空间上的“远指”,可与there连用。
I was very busy thse days, but I’m free these days.
那些日子我很忙,但这些日子我很清闲。
2) 指上文提到的事一般用that,指下文的事常用this。
I shall say this t yu: he is an hnest man.
我要对你说这一点:他是一个诚实的人。
He was ill. That’s why he didn’t cme.
他病了。那就是他没来的原因。
3) 打电话时,用this来介绍自己,用that来问对方,不用I或yu。
4) this和that还可作表示程度的副词,意为“如此,那么”,相当于s,作状语。
I’m afraid I can’t walk that far. 我恐怕走不了那么远。
The bk is abut this thick. 那本书大约有这么厚。
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5. 疑问代词
疑问代词有what, which, wh, whm, whse等。用法要点如下:
1) what除了可以用来询问人的身份之外,一般指物;which可指人也可指物;wh, whm, whse一般指人。
Wh/Whm are yu lking fr? 你在找谁?
Whse is this car? 这辆车是谁的?
2) 没有一定的范围时,用what,意为“什么”;有一定范围时,用which,意为“(其中的)哪一个(哪一些)”。
What sprt d yu like best? 你最喜欢什么样的运动?
Which f the stries is the mst interesting?
这些故事当中哪个最有趣?
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6. 替代词it, ne(s), that, thse
为避免重复,it,ne(s),that,thse都可以用来代替上文出现的名词,但它们的用法不同。
1) it代替的是前面提到的同一名称的同一事物,即同名同物。所代替的名词可以是可数名词,也可以是不可数名词。
My mbile phne is missing. Have yu seen it?
我的手机不见了。你看见过吗?
2) ne代替的是前面提到的同名异物中的任何一个,所代替的名词是可数名词,其前面可带冠词或修饰语。如果代替复数名词,则用nes。
The ppulatin prblem may be the greatest ne in the wrld tday. 人口问题可能是当今世界上最大的一个问题。
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—Which cards are yurs?
哪些卡片是你的?
—The blue nes.
蓝色的(是我的)。
3) that代替前面提到的同名异物中特指的事物,所代替的名词可以是可数名词,也可以是不可数名词,其前面通常不能有修饰语,但可以有后置定语。
Mary’s handwriting is far better than that f Peter’s.
玛丽的书法比彼得的好很多。
4) thse代替前面提到的同名异物中特指的事物,只能指代可数名词复数,相当于the nes。
The cmputers in yur ffice are mre expensive than thse in ur schl.
你们办公室的电脑比我们学校的电脑要贵。
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7. 常见不定代词的用法
1) sme, any
表示“一些”时,sme用于肯定句以及表示请求、建议或希望对方作出肯定回答的疑问句中;any用于否定句和疑问句中,用于肯定句时,只和单数名词或不可数名词连用,表示“任何”。
Wuld yu mind buying me sme stamps?
你能给我买些邮票吗?
The medicine is n sale everywhere. Yu can get it at any chemist’s.
这种药到处都卖。你可以在任何一家药店买到。
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2) bth, neither, either
表示两者“都”用bth,表示两者“都不”用neither,表示两者中的“任一”用either。
Bth teams were in hard training; neither was willing t lse the game.
两个队都在刻苦训练,谁都不愿意输掉这场比赛。
—D yu like tea r cffee?
你想喝茶还是咖啡?
—Either is OK.
什么都行。
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3) all, nne, any
表示三者或三者以上“都”用all,表示“都不”用nne,表示其中的“任一”用any。
They were all tired, but nne f them wuld stp t have a rest.
他们都累了,但没有一个人愿意停下来休息。
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4) nne, n ne, nthing
nne可指人或物,常接表示范围的f短语,可回答hw many或hw much;而n ne只能指人(=nbdy),不能接f短语,可回答wh;nthing指物,一般回答what引起的提问。
—Wh is in the rm?
谁在房间里?
—N ne.
没有人。
—Whats in the bx?
盒子里有什么?
—Nthing.
什么也没有。
—Hw much paper is left?
还剩多少纸?
—Nne.
一张也没有了。
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5) each, every
each强调个体,表示两个或两个以上中的“每一个”,可作形容词或代词,可作主语、宾语、同位语和定语。every强调整体,表示三者或三者以上中的“每一个”,只能作形容词,在名词前作定语。
Each f us has ur private views abut it.
我们每个人对这件事都有自己的看法。
Every classrm is equipped with a cmputer.
所有的教室都配备了电脑。
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6) ther, thers, the ther, the thers, anther
ther表示泛指,常与复数名词或不可数名词连用;thers表示泛指,相当于“ther + 复数名词”;“the ther+单数可数名词”特指两者中的另一个,常有“ne ther ...”一个……另一个……的搭配;其复数形式the thers或“the ther +复数名词”特指在某些人或物中,除去一部分后,“其余的”或“剩下的”人或物;anther常用于三者或三者以上中的“另一个”,表示泛指,后接单数名词,也可用于“anther+数词+名词复数”。
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There are ther ways t d this exercise.
做这个练习还可以可用别的方法。
It is hard t tell the twin brthers ne frm the ther.
这对孪生兄弟很难辨认。
Sme bys are reading; thers are listening t the radi.
有些孩子在阅读,有些则在听收音机。
We’ve decided t stay in Shanghai fr anther tw weeks.
我们决定在上海再待两个星期。
7) 复合不定代词
这类不定代词有:everything, everyne, everybdy, smething, smene, smebdy, anything, anyne, anybdy, nthing, n ne, nbdy等。
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8. it的用法
it可用作人称代词、指示代词等。
1) 指物、人或事。
—Where’s yur car?
你的汽车在哪儿呢?
—It’s in the garage.
在车库里。
The baby next dr kept me awake. It cried all night.
隔壁的孩子吵得我睡不着觉。他整夜哭个没完。
The manager has resigned. Have yu heard abut it?
经理辞职了。你听说这件事了吗?
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2) 指时间、距离、天气等。
It is five miles t the nearest hspital frm here.
这里离最近的医院也有五英里。
It’s warmer tday than yesterday. 今天比昨天暖和。
3) 充当形式主语或形式宾语,而把真正的主语或宾语(动词不定式、动名词、从句等)放在后面。
It’s n use arguing abut that. 争论那件事是没有用的。
We must make it clear t the public that smething shuld be dne t stp pllutin.
我们必须使公众明白应该采取措施制止污染。
4) 用于强调结构“It + be + 被强调部分 + that(wh) + 其他”。
It was nt until then that I realized what had happened.
直到那时我才意识到发生了什么。
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例1:Charles was alne at hme, with lking after him.(2009·全国Ⅱ)
A. Smene B. anyne C. nt ne D. n ne
解析:选D。考查复合不定代词的用法。句意为:查理一个人在家,没有人照顾他。由句中的关键词alne可知,应选n ne, n ne=nbdy。
例2:Being a parent is nt always easy, and being the parent f a child with special needs ften carries with extra stress.(2009·北京)
A. it B. them C. ne D. him
解析:选A。考查不定代词的用法。句意为:做家长不容易,做一个有特殊需要的孩子的家长通常会更多了一份压力。it在句中指代being the parent f a child with special needs。
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例3:I felt s bad all day yesterday that I decided this mrning I culdn’t face day like that.(2009·山东)
A. ther B. anther C. the ther D. thers
解析:选B。anther day 另外一天。句意为:昨天我一整天都感觉很糟糕,以至于今天早晨我决定再也不能那样面对另外一天了。是指在未来的日子中的一天,故用anther。
例4:Jane was asked a lt f questins, but she didn’t answer f them.(2009·陕西)
A. Other B. any C. nne D. sme
解析:选B。考查不定代词。所填词与nt构成全部否定,四个选项中只有any与nt可以构成nt any结构,等于nne,表示全部否定,故选B。
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例5:—Ww! Yu’ve gt s many clthes.
—But f them are in fashin nw.(2009·上海)
A. All B. bth C. neither D. nne
解析:选D。表示三者及三者以上的全部否定用nne。
例6:I like this huse with a beautiful garden in frnt, but I dn’t have enugh mney t buy .(2009·四川)
A. One B. it C. this D. that
解析:选B。句意为:我喜欢这个前面有一个美丽花园的房子,但是我没有足够多的钱去把它买下来。第一句话中的this huse在该语境中是特指的用法,所以答案为it,表示特指。该题容易误选ne,要注意的是ne表示泛指。
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例7:—I’ve read anther bk this week.
—Well, maybe is nt hw much yu read but what yu read that cunts.(2009·浙江)
A. This B. that C. there D. it
解析:选D。考查it的用法。分析句子结构可知,此句为强调句,故用it。
例8:Nine in ten parents said there were significant differences in their apprach t educating their children cmpared with f their parents.(2009·江苏)
A. Thse B. ne C. bth D. that
解析:选D。that为特指,指代上文提到的their apprach。thse指代名词复数;ne为泛指。
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例9:Make sure yu’ve gt the passprts and tickets
and befre yu leave.(2008·山东)
A. Smething B. anything
C. Everything D. nthing
解析:选C。考查复合不定代词的用法。根据句意“在你们离开之前,确保你们已带好护照,车票以及所有的一切”,所以选everything。
例10:Isn’t it amazing hw the human bdy heals after an injury?(2008·江西)
A. himself B. him C. itself D. it
解析:选C。考查反身代词。句中表达的是“人体受伤之后能自愈”,the human bdy为物,所以应选itself。
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在语境中选择适当的形容词或副词成为高考中的重点之一, 如何选择恰当的形容词和副词要考虑几下几点,即:语境中需要的词性,恰当的语篇含义,同义、近义词辨析。在此章节中我们分别学习形容词和副词。
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一、形容词的常见考点:
1.表语形容词:只作表语或宾补,不能作定语。如:afraid,alive,asleep,awake,able,sure,ill,well;而作定语时,要用frightened,live,sleeping,waking,sick,healthy;但个别单词作定语时另有含义,如:able men有能力的人;ill effect坏影响。
2. 形容词的语序:限定词(the, a)+描绘性形容词+size(大小)+shape(形状)+age(年龄、时间)+clur(颜色)+rigin(国籍,来源)+material(原料)+purpse(目的)+名词。
注意:限定词指冠词、物主代词、指示代词、数词等。
熟记口诀:限定描绘大长高,形状年龄和新老,颜色国籍跟材料,作用类别往后靠。
three very cmfrtable dark blue chairs
三把非常舒服的深蓝色的椅子
the cludy gray mrning sky
早晨阴云密布的灰色的天空
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3. 形容词的级(原级、比较级和最高级)
1) 原级比较(又叫同级比较):as ...“……和……相同”,否定形式用nt as(s) ...“前者不如后者……”。
Well give yu as much help as we can.
我们要尽量多地给你帮助。
但是,as 前可以加nearly,almst,exactly,just,twice,three times等表示程度或倍数的词。
We prduced twice as much cttn this year as we did last year.我们今年生产的棉花是去年的两倍。
2) 比较级:比较级 + than ...“……比……更加……”。
Mary is taller than Jhn but less active than Jhn.
玛丽比约翰要高但不如约翰活跃。
注意:①比较级前可加far, much,even,still,slightly,a lt,a little,a bit, (three)times等,而by far常放在比较级之后,最高级之前。
This stry is mre interesting than that ne by far.
这个故事远比那个有趣。
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②比较级和否定副词连用可以表示最高级。
I have never seen a better film than the ne I saw last night.
我从没看过比昨天晚上看的更好的电影。
③可修饰比较级的词或短语有:a bit, little, rather , much, far, by far, many, a lt, a great deal, any, still, even, twice等。
3) 最高级:the +形容词的最高级(+f/in/amng ),常用于三者以上的比较。
I’m the yungest in my family.
我是我们家年龄最小的。
4. 其他关于比较级的常用句型:
mre and mre越来越……
the mre mre ... 越……就越……
mre A than B 与其B倒不如A
n+比较级+than ... 两者同样不……
A+less+原级+than+B A不如B……
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二、副词的常见考点:
1. 副词的种类
1) 时间副词:nw,then,tday,later,recently等;
2) 地点副词:here,there,everywhere,away,ff等;
3) 方式副词:well,hard, happily, nervusly, carefully等;
4) 程度副词:almst,much,(a)little,nearly,rather,t等;
5) 频度副词:always,ften,usually,ccasinally,smetimes, hardly,seldm,never等;
6) 疑问副词:when,where,why,hw等,引导特殊疑问句;
7) 连接副词:where,when,why,hw,引导主语从句、宾语从句或表语从句;
8) 关系副词:when,where,why,引导定语从句;
9) 其他副词:seriusly,instead,besides等。
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2. 常见同根副词
hard→hardlylate→latelywide→widely
mst→mstlyhigh→highlydead→deadly
3. 副词的级
副词的级类同于形容词,只是副词的最高级前的the常可以省略不用。
Peter plays tennis mre ften than Dick des.
彼得打网球比迪克更频繁。
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三、形容词和副词的倍数表达句型:
1. ...倍数+形容词(或副词)的比较级+than ...
This rpe is twice lnger than that ne.
这根绳子的长度是那根绳子的三倍。
This hall is five times bigger than ur classrm.
这个大厅比我们的教室大五倍。
2. ...倍数+as+形容词(或much)或副词+as ...
This big stne is three times as heavy as that ne.
这块大石头的重量是那一块的三倍。
The plane flew ten times as high as the kite.
那架飞机的飞行高度是那个风筝的十倍。
3. ...倍数+the size(length,height ...)f ...
This street is fur times the length f that street.
这条街是那条街的四倍长。
This hill is fur times the height f that small ne.
=The height f this hill is fur times that f that small ne.
这座山的高度是那座小山的四倍。
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例1:It seems that living green is easy and affrdable. A small step makes a big difference.(2009·福建)
A. Exactly B. frtunately
C. Surprisingly D. hardly
解析:选C。考查副词辨析。exactly准确地;frtunately幸运地;surprisingly惊讶地,出乎意料地;hardly几乎不。句意为:看来绿色生活是出乎意料的简单可行且能够承担得起,小小的行动能带来很大的不同。
例2:Hw much she lked withut her glasses!(2009·海南)
A. Well B. gd C. best D. better
解析:选D。考查形容词和副词的比较级。句意为:她不戴眼镜看起来漂亮多了! 句子暗含比较之意,且much修饰比较级,故用gd的比较级better。
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例3:I can be a teacher. Im nt a very patient persn. (2009·湖南)
A. Seldm B. ever C. never D. always
解析:选C。考查副词词义辨析。句意为:我永远不会成为一名老师。我不是一个很有耐心的人。故用否定副词never。
例4:It was a nice huse, but t small fr a family f five.(2009·天津)
A. Rarely B. fairly C. rather D. pretty
解析:选C。考查副词词义辨析。句意为:那是一所漂亮的房子,但对于一个五口之家来说就太小了。rather表示“相当”,修饰t small。
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例5:I’m nt surprised that he became a writer. Even as a child he had a imaginatin.(2009·天津)
A. Clear B. cautius C. funny D. vivid
解析:选D。考查副词词义辨析。句意为:我并不为他当上了作家而感到惊奇,即使在他还是一个孩子的时候,他就有着丰富的想象力。其他三项含义不正确。
例6:—D yu think its a gd idea t make friends with yur students?
— , I d. I think it’s a great idea. (2009·安徽)
A. Really B. Obviusly C. Actually D. Generally
解析:选C。考查交际用语。在回答第一句的提问时,答语说“是的,事实上,我认为这是个很好的想法”,故选C。
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例7:The questinnaire takes ten t fifteen minutes t cmplete and can be used alng with the assessment interview. (2009·湖北)
A. Mainly B. punctually C. apprximately D. precisely
解析:选C。考查副词词义辨析。apprximately大约,近似地; mainly 主要地;punctually 准时地;precisely 准确地;确切地。
例8:Last night Mr Crk didnt cme back at the usual time. , he met sme friends and stayed ut until midnight.(2008·江苏)
A. Meanwhile B. Hwever C. Instead D. Yet
解析:选C。考查句意连接词。前后两句之间缺少连接词,表示“取而代之,相反”,故选C。meanwhile其间;同时;hwever 尽管;然而;yet 而,表转折时为连词。
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例9:Yu’re driving t fast. Can yu drive ?(2008·全国Ⅰ)
A. mre slwly a bit B. slwly a bit mre
C. a bit mre slwly D. slwly mre a bit
解析:选C。考查副词比较级前的修饰语。由于车开得太快而希望开得慢一点,故用比较级,选C。
例10:It is t spend mney n preventing illnesses by prmting healthy living cnditin rather than spending it trying t make peple after they are ill. (2008·辽宁)
A. gd; gd B. well; better
C. better; better D. better; gd
解析:选C。考查形容词的比较级。无论是 “花钱预防生病”和“花钱使生病的人好起来”还是“生病后使人康复”,两者都是比较,所以都用比较级,故选C。
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连词分为并列连词和从属连词两大类。并列连词是连接主语与主语,谓语与谓语,句子与句子,分词与分词的词,它要求前后两部分有相同的形式和语法作用;而从属连词一般连接主句与从句,从句形式有名词性从句,定语从句和状语从句等。这里主要就并列连词的考点做逐一分析,从属连词的用法见各类从句考点分析。
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高考中并列连词的考点可以分为以下四类:
第一类是以and为代表的表示意义引申的并列连词,如:and(和),as well as(既……又),bth (不仅……而且;……和……都),nt nly als(不仅……而且),nt (不是……而是),neither (既不……也不)等;
第二类是以r为代表的表示选择的并列连词,如:either (不是……就是),r(或者)等;
第三类是以but为代表的表示意义转折的并列连词,如:but (但是),yet(然而),while(然而)等;
第四类是表示缘由的并列连词fr(因为),还有s(所以),when(这时)等。
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连词考点详解:
一、以and为代表的表示意义引申的并列连词
1. and 与r引导两个并列的词、词组或句子。
I saw tw men sitting behind and whispering there.
我看见两个人坐在后面低声耳语。
and与r 还可以和祈使句或名词词组连用表示条件。
Make up yur mind, r yu’ll miss the chance.
下定决心,不然,你就会错失良机。
If yu make up yur mind, yu’ll get the chance.
如果你下定决心,你就会把握住机会。
One mre effrt, and yu’ll succeed.
再努力一点,你就会成功。
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比较and和r:
①并列结构中,r通常用于否定句,and用于肯定句。
②但有时and 也可用于否定句。请注意其不同点:
There is n air r water n the mn.
月球上既没有空气,也没有水。
There is n air and n water n the mn.
月球上没有空气,没有水。
在否定中并列结构用r 连接,但含有两个否定词的句子实际被看作是肯定结构,因此要用and。
—I dn’t like chicken fish.
—I dn’t like chicken, I like fish very much.
A. and;and B. and;but
C. r;but D. r;and
解析:选C。否定句中表示并列用r; but 表示转折。
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2. bth 两者都……
She plays (bth) the pian and the guitar.
她既弹钢琴,也弹吉他。
3. nt nly (als), as well as不仅……而且。
She plays nt nly the pian, but (als) the guitar.
她不仅弹钢琴,也弹吉他。
注意:nt nly als 连接两个分句时,一个分句因有否定词nt 而必须倒装。
Nt nly des he like reading stries, but als he can even write sme.
他不仅喜欢读故事,而且自己也能写一些故事。
4. neither 意为“既不……也不……”,谓语动词采用就近原则,与nr之后的词保持一致。
Neither yu nr he is t blame.
应受责备的,既不是你,也不是他。
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二、以r为代表的表示选择的并列连词
1. r意思为“否则”。
I must wrk hard, r I’ll fail in the exam.
我必须努力学习,否则会通不过考试的。
2. either 意思为“或者……或者……”。注意谓语动词的主谓一致上采用就近原则。
Either yu r I am right.
或者你或者我是正确的。
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三、以but为代表的表示意义转折的并列连词
1. but表示转折,while表示对比。
Sme peple lve cats, while thers hate them.
有些人喜欢猫,但有些人就讨厌猫。
—Wuld yu like t cme t dinner tnight?
—I’d like t, I’m t busy.
A. And B. s C. as D. but
解析:选D。but与前面形成转折,符合句意。而表示并列的and,表示结果的s,表示原因的as都不符合句意。
2. nt ...意思为“不是……而是……”,后面的用词要遵循一致原则。
They were nt the bnes f an animal, but (the bnes) f a human being.
它们不是动物的骨头,而是人类的骨头。
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四、表示缘由的并列连词fr,还有s(所以),when(这时)等
1. fr是并列连词,不能置于含两个并列分句的句子的句首,只能将其放在两个分句中间。
He is absent tday, fr he is ill.
他今天缺席是因为生病了。
2. s为连词, therefre一般为副词。
He hurt his leg, s he culdn’t play in the game.
他伤到腿了,所以没能参加比赛。
I think; therefre I exist.
我思,故我在。
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3. 比较s和 such:
such 是形容词,修饰名词或名词词组;s是副词,只能修饰形容词或副词。s 还可以与表示数量的形容词many,few,much, little连用,形成固定搭配。
s+adj. s flish
s+adj.+a(n)+n. s nice a flwer
s+adj.+n. (pl.) s many/few flwers
s many peple
s+adj.+n.(不可数) s much/little mney
such+a(n)+n. such a fl
such a nice flwer
such+n.(pl.) such nice flwers
such a lt f peple
such+n.(不可数) such rapid prgress
s many 已成为固定搭配,a lt f 虽然相当于 many,但 a lt f 为名词性短语,只能用such修饰。s 与such 之间的转换可视为 s与such之间的转换。
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例1:Jhn plays basketball well, his favurite sprt is badmintn.(2009·北京)
A.S B.r C.yet D.fr
解析:选C。考查转折连词的用法。句意为:约翰篮球打得很好,但他最喜欢的运动是羽毛球。根据句意,应用转折连词,所以选C。
例2:Peter was s excited he received an invitatin frm his friend t visit Chngqing.(2009·重庆)
A.where B.that C.why D.when
解析:选D。考查表示缘由的连词。句意为:彼得收到朋友的请柬邀请他到重庆参观,他非常激动。s 构成因果关系,所以选D。
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例3:He fund it increasingly difficult t read, his eyesight was beginning t fail.(2008·山东)
A.Thugh B.fr C.but D.s
解析:选B。考查表示缘由的连词。句意为:由于他的视力开始下降,他发现读东西越来越困难了。fr表示补充说明,所以选B。
例4:It is ften said that the jy f travelling is in arriving at yur destinatin in the jurney itself.(2008·江苏)
A./;but B./;r C.nt;r D.nt;but
解析:选D。考查表示转折的连词。句意为:人们常说,旅游的乐趣不在于你抵达目的地,而在于旅程本身。nt 为固定短语,意为“不是……而是……”,所以选D。
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例5:Stand ver there yu’ll be able t see the il painting better.(2008·全国Ⅱ)
A.but B.till C.and D.r
解析:选C。考查表示并列的连词。句意为:站在那边,你就能更好地观看这幅油画了。and连接两个句子,所以选C。
例6:I thught we’d be late fr the cncert, we ended up getting there ahead f time.(2008·湖南)
A.But B.r C.s D.fr
解析:选A。考查表示转折的连词。句意为:我原本以为我们会迟到,但结果我们提前赶到了。but表示转折,所以选A。
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例7:The artist was brn pr, pr he remained all his life.(2008·重庆)
A.and B.r C.but D.s
解析:选A。考查表示并列的连词。句意为:这位艺术家一出生就很贫穷,并且他一生一直都很贫穷。and连接并列句,表示递进,所以选A。
例8:In sme places wmen are expected t earn mney men wrk at hme and raise their children.(2008·四川)
A.but B.while C.because D.thugh
解析:选B。考查表示转折的连词。句意为:在有些地方女人赚钱,而男人持家照顾孩子。while此处表示并列对比,所以选B。
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例9:I cannt tell whether the bk is wrth reading, I haven’t read it myself.(2008·四川延考区)
A.but B.s C.r D.fr
解析:选D。考查表示缘由的连词。句意为:我不能说这本书是否值得阅读,因为我自己没有读过。fr在此处引导并列句,表示补充说明原因,因此选D。
例10:Between the tw generatins,it is ften nt their age, their educatin that causes misunderstanding.(2007·全国Ⅰ)
A.Like B.as C.r D.but
解析:选D。考查表示转折的连词。句意为:在两代人之间,不是他们的年龄而是他们所受到的教育容易引起误解。nt ...表示“不是……而是……”,因此选D。
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高考一直侧重对动词各种用法的考查,其中又以考查动词的时态和语态为重中之重。考生要通过特定的语境进行判断,选择使用正确的时态和语态。考生在日常学习中要理解和区别各种时态和语态,注重将动词放在具体的语言环境中学习和运用。
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一、动词的时态
1.一般现在时
(1) 表示习惯性或反复发生的动作。
He writes t his parents nce a mnth.
他每月给父母写一封信。
She is always late fr class.
她上课总是迟到。
(2) 表示客观事实、普遍真理,特别是用于表示科学事实、客观存在的事物和格言等。
The earth ges arund the sun.
地球绕着太阳转。
Practice makes perfect.
熟能生巧。
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(3) 表示现阶段存在的状态。
I dn’t agree with yu.
我不同意你的观点。
The bk is mine.
这本书是我的。
(4) 一些动词如:cme,g,leave,arrive,return,start,begin等常用一般现在时表示将来意义上的时间,表示按规定、计划或安排将要发生的动作。
The term starts at the beginning f September.
这个学期从九月份开始。
(5) 在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。
When he arrives, he’ll tell us all abut the match.
当他到的时候,他会告诉我们这场比赛的经过。
I can’t cme unless my brther agrees.
我不能来,除非我哥哥同意。
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2.一般过去时
(1) 表示过去某一时刻或一段时间内发生过的动作或存在的状态。
I wasn’t in last night.
昨晚我不在家。
(2) 表示过去的习惯性动作。
When he was a child, he ften swam in the river.
当他还是小孩儿的时候,经常在这条河里游泳。
(3) 在条件从句中表示与现在或将来事实相反的假设。
If I were yu, I wuldn’t accept the ffer.
如果我是你,我不会接受这个提议。
(4) 用于I wish, I’d rather, It’s (high) time后的that从句中,表示与现在或将来的事实相反的主观设想。
It’s time yu went t bed.
你该睡觉了。
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3.一般将来时
(1) “will/shall+动词原形”表示将要发生的动作或状况。
There will be a meeting at fur.
4点钟要开会。
They will fly t Beijing in three days.
三天后他们将乘飞机去北京。
—Yu’ve left the light n.
你没关灯。
—Oh, s I have. I’ll g and turn it ff.
噢,确实是。我这就去把它关掉。
(2) “is/am/are ging t+动词原形”表示说话者明确地打算或根据某种迹象认为要发生某事。
They are ging t hld a meeting t discuss it.
他们打算开个会来讨论这件事。
Lk at the cluds. It’s ging t rain.
看天上的云彩,要下雨了。
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(3) “is/am/are t+动词原形”表示计划安排做某事或命令做某事。
I am t meet Mr Brwn at eleven this mrning.
我要在今天上午11点见布朗先生。
Yu are t return the bk befre Friday.
你务必在星期五之前归还这本书。
(4) “is/am/are abut t+动词原形”表示即将要发生的动作,但不可与将来的时间状语连用,如sn, tmrrw, immediately等。
The meeting is abut t begin.
会议就要开始了。
They are abut t start.
他们即将动身。
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4.过去将来时
表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。
常见结构有:
(1) wuld+动词原形
(2) was/were ging t+动词原形
(3) was/were t+动词原形
(4) was/were abut t+动词原形
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5.现在进行时
(1) 表示说话时正在进行的动作。
I am waiting fr the bus.
我正在等公共汽车。
(2) 表示现阶段正在进行的动作。
He is translating a bk.
他正在翻译一本书。
(3) 有些动词如:arrive, g, cme, start, leave,stay,begin等的现在进行时可以表示将来的动作。
My grandmther is cming t see me next week.
我奶奶下周要来看我。
(4) 与always,cnstantly等时间副词连用,表示不满、抱怨或赞赏等情感。
She is always finding fault with thers.
她老是挑别人的毛病。
Jhn is always thinking f thers.
约翰总是为别人着想。
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6.过去进行时
(1) 表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。
I was reading a bk when yu came in.
你进来时我正在看书。
(2) 表示过去某一阶段正在进行的动作。
He was writing a nvel last year, but I dn’t knw whether he has finished it r nt.
他去年在写一部小说,但我不知道他是否已写完。
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7.将来进行时
(1) 表示将来某时刻正在进行的动作。
What will yu be ding at this time next Mnday?
下星期一的这个时间你会在做什么?
When he cmes t my huse tmrrw, I will be writing the reprt. 明天他来我家时,我将会在写报告。
(2) 表示预定的将来的动作或对将来的预测。
I will be wrking in the department stre next mnth.
下个月我将在这个百货大楼里上班。
After yu take the medicine, yu will be feeling much better.
服药之后你会感觉好得多。
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8.现在完成时
(1) 表示到现在为止的一段时间内发生的情况或动作,强调的是对现在的影响,可能是已经完成的动作,也可以表示多次动作的总和,或习惯性的行为。
I have cut my finger.
我割破了手。
I’ve always walked t schl.
我一直步行去学校。
(2) 表示一个动作发生在过去,但一直延续到现在,并可能继续进行下去,这时常常与表示一段时间的状语连用。
I have studied English fr fur years.
我学英语已经有四年了。
He has lived in Shanghai since 1992.
自从1992年以来他一直住在上海。
(3) 现在完成时用于将来的情况,即:主句为一般将来时,时间和条件从句中的谓语用现在完成时表示将来某时刻完成的动作。
I’ll lend the magazine t yu as sn as I’ve finished reading it. 我一看完这本杂志就借给你。
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9.过去完成时
(1) 过去完成时表示在过去某一动作或时间之前,另一个动作已经结束,它强调“过去的过去”。
When I gt t the airprt, the flight had taken ff.
当我到达机场时,飞机已经起飞了。
He tld me he had finished all the wrk.
他告诉我他已完成了所有的工作。
By the end f that mnth Jack had cllected mre than a hundred freign stamps.
到那个月底,杰克已收集了一百多张外国邮票。
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(2) 在由if, if nly, as if, as thugh, I’d rather, I wish等引导的从句中,表示与过去事实相反的主观愿望或想法。
If the driver had been careful enugh, all the passengers wuld be safe nw.
如果这个司机能足够小心,那么所有的乘客现在就都安全了。
(3) intend,mean,hpe,want,think,plan等动词的过去完成时可表示一种未实现的愿望或想法。
They had wanted t cme t help us, but culdn’t get here in time.
他们本想来帮助我们,但没能及时赶到这里。
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10.将来完成时
将来完成时表示在将来某个日期或某一动作发生之前,另一个动作将要结束。
They’ll have hit the year’s target by the end f Octber.
到十月份末他们将会实现年度目标。
By next mnth I will have studied German fr just tw years.
到下个月我学德语正好两年了。
11.现在完成进行时
现在完成进行时主要表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作,这个动作可能仍然在进行,也可能停止了一会儿。
She is ill. She’s been lying in the bed fr tw weeks.
她病了,已经卧床两个星期了。
We have been lking fr yu fr an hur.
我们找了你一个小时了。
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12.过去完成进行时
过去完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时间之前开始,到过去某一时间仍在进行或刚刚结束,必须以某一特定的过去时间为前提。
He tld me he had been writing the paper fr ne mnth.
他告诉我他写论文已经一个月了。
I had been ringing utside fr half an hur befre she called me in. 在她叫我进去之前,我已经在外面等了半个小时了。
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二、动词的语态
动词的语态有两种:一是主动语态,二是被动语态。主语是动作的发出者,则为主动语态;主语是动作的承受者,则为被动动态。
1.被动语态的构成
被动语态主要由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成;而时态则由助动词的各种变化来表示,要注意助动词be的时态必须与相应的主动句保持一致。被动语态还可以由get构成,这也是高考试题中常出现的语言点之一。
Jhn was fired last week.
约翰上周被解雇了。
My finger gt badly burnt, nw it becmes swllen.
我的手指被伤得很重,现在肿起来了。
可与get相搭配的过去分词有:
brken, burnt, killed, hurt, washed, lst, cnfused, married, dressed, divrced, engaged等。
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2.被动语态的时态
一般现在时: is (am, are)+过去分词
一般过去时: was (were)+过去分词
现在进行时: is (am, are)+being+过去分词
过去进行时: was (were) +being+过去分词
现在完成时: have (has)+been+过去分词
过去完成时: had +been+过去分词
一般将来时: shall (will)+be+过去分词
过去将来时: shuld (wuld)+be +过去分词
Page N.1311
3. 主动表示被动的几种情况:
(1) 不及物动词与状语连用,用以表示主语的品质和状态。
常见的动词有:cut,sell,read,write,ck,lck,wash,drive,keep等。
These bks sell well.
这些书销售得不错。
The pen writes smthly.
这支笔写起来很流畅。
Meat wn’t keep lng in such ht weather.
肉在这样热的天气里不宜久放。
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(2) 连系动词的主动式+形容词。
常见动词(短语)有:lk,smell,taste,sund,feel,turn ut等。
The apples taste gd.
这些苹果很好吃。
The flwer smells wnderful.
这花闻起来很香。
Cttn feels sft.
棉花摸起来很柔软。
(3) 不定式用在某些形容词之后,且与主语有动宾关系。
常见形容词有:hard,difficult,easy,heavy,fit,gd,cmfrtable,cnvenient等。
The questin is difficult t answer.
这个问题难以回答。
The bx is heavy t carry.
这个盒子搬着很沉。
Page N.1313
例1:—Why des the lake smell terrible?
-Because large quantities f water .(2009·福建)
A. have plluted B. is being plluted
C. has been plluted D. have been plluted
解析:选D。考查动词时态,语态和主谓语一致。根据前一分句可知,所填动词表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响,故时态用现在完成时;动词与主语是被动关系,故用被动语态。主语是large quantities f water,其中心词是quantities,为复数,谓语动词用复数,故选D。
例2:Accrding t the literary review, Shakespeare his characters live thrugh their language in his plays. (2009·福建)
A. will make B. had made C. was making D. makes
解析:选D。考查动词时态。题干是陈述一个客观事实,用一般现在时,故选D。
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例3:Wuld yu please keep silent? The weather
reprt and I want t listen.(2009·湖南)
A. is bradcast B. is being bradcast
C. has been bradcast D. had been bradcast
解析:选B。考查时态和语态。句意为:请保持安静行吗? 我想听正在播放的天气预报。说话时正在发生的动作,应用进行时,同时表示被动含义。故选B。
例4:—The fd here is nice enugh.
—My friend me a right place.(2009·湖南)
A. Intrduces B. intrduced
C. had intrduced D. was intrducing
解析:选B。考查时态的用法。句意为:——这里的食物不错。——我的朋友给我介绍了一个正确的地方。表示过去的行为。
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例5:I was ut f twn at the time, s I dnt knw exactly hw it . (2009·山东)
A. was happening B. happened
C. Happens D. has happened
解析:选B。考查具体语境中的时态,后半句隐藏的时间状语是at the time。
例6:This is the first time we a film in the cinema tgether as a family. (2009·陕西)
A. See B. had seen C. saw D. have seen
解析:选D。考查动词时态。“This is the+序数词+time”引导的时间状语从句中动词时态用现在完成时。故选D。
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例7:—Why dn’t we chse that rad t save time?
—The bridge t it . (2009·四川)
A. has repaired B. is repaired
C. is being repaired D. will be repaired
解析:选C。考查时态和语态。根据语境可知,不走另一条路的原因是因为桥正在被修。所以用现在进行时的被动语态作为该题的答案。
例8:Daniel’s family their hliday in Huangshan this time next week.(2009·安徽)
A. are enjying B. are t enjy
C. will enjy D. will be enjying
解析:选D。考查时态的用法。表示在将来的某个时间点做某事用将来进行时。
Page N.1317
例9:She stared at the painting, wndering where
she it.(2009·重庆)
A. Saw B. has seen C. sees D. had seen
解析:选D。考查时态的用法。根据句意,“以前在什么地方看过这幅画”应在stared之前,所以用过去完成时。
例10:Over the past decades, sea ice in the Arctic as a result f glbal warming.(2009·浙江)
A. had decreased B. decreased
C. has been decreasing D. is decreasing
解析:选C。考查时态的用法。根据句意,“北冰洋上的冰在过去的几十年里一直在减少”,可知这种状况依然在持续,所以使用现在完成进行时。
Page N.1318
对于情态动词,考纲要求学生要掌握情态动词的基本用法和辨析。最近几年高考试题中常常借助语境来考查情态动词的基本用法及其区别,因此在平时学习时准确理解和掌握情态动词的基本用法十分重要。情态动词的用法复杂多变,在高考试题中,命题者常常利用语境和句子之间意义上的细微差别来考查学生对情态动词的理解和掌握。对于情态动词,除了要求考生能够准确掌握它们的基本用法外,还要充分利用高试题所设置的语境来分析句子之间所体现的特殊关系。
对于虚拟语气,考纲要求考生能掌握基本情态动词的用法、在各种句式、隐含条件句、混合条件句等句中的虚拟语气的用法。根据考纲的要求,虚拟语气部分主要考查情态动词的选择、虚拟语气在条件句、名词性从句、简单句或日常交际中的使用等基本用法。因此,依据语境来判断虚拟语气的不同形式是高考试题的主要设题方法之一。在近年的高考试题中,出现了对陈述语气与虚拟语气辨析的考查,虚拟语气在各种从句中的应用是该部分的重点掌握内容。
Page N.1319
情态动词的常见考点:
1.can和culd (culd为can的过去式) 的基本用法
(1)表示能力。
He can speak English better than yu.
他的英语讲得比你好。
(2)在疑问句和否定句中表示“怀疑”、“猜测”或“可能性”。
Can this green bike be Liu Dng’s?
这辆绿色的自行车会是刘冬的吗?
(3)表示“许可”时can可以和may换用。
Yu can (may) g hme nw.
你现在可以回家了。
(4)如果要表示语气委婉,可用culd代替can,这时culd不再是can的过去式。
Culd yu cme again tmrrw?
你明天能再来吗?
(5)can和be able t都可表示能力,两者在意思上没有什么区别。但是can只能有现在式和过去式,而be able t则有更多的形式。
He will be able t d the wrk better.
他将可以把这项工作做得更好。
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2.may和might (might为may的过去式)的基本用法
(1)表示允许或征询对方许可,有“可以”之意。
Yu may use my dictinary.
你可以用我的字典。
在回答对方说“可以做某事”或“不可以做某事”时,一般多不用may或 may nt,以避免语气生硬或不客气。而用比较委婉的说法进行回答。
—May I use this dictinary?
我可以用这本字典吗?
—Yes, please./Certainly.
是的,可以/当然可以。
在请求对方许可时,如果用Might I 就比用May I 语气更委婉些。
Page N.1321
May I have a lk at yur new cmputer?
我可以看一下你的新电脑吗?
但是表示“阻止”或“禁止”对方做某事时,要用must nt代替may nt。
—May we swim in this lake?
我们在这个湖里游泳好吗?
—N, yu mustn’t. It’s t dangerus.
不,不可以。太危险了。
(2)may或 might都可以表示可能性,表示“或许”、“可能”之意,如果用might表示可能性,则语气更加不肯定。
They may (might) be in the library nw.
他们现在可能在图书馆。
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3.must的基本用法
(1)must表示“必须”、“应该”之意,其否定式 must nt,缩写形式为mustn’t,表示“不应该”、“不准”、“不许”或“禁止”之意。
We must study hard and make prgress every day.
我们必须好好学习,天天向上。
Yu mustn’t tuch the fire.
你不准玩火。
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(2)对以must提出的疑问句,如果作否定回答时,要用needn’t或dn’t (desn’t) have t (不必)来回答,而不用mustn’t,因为mustn’t表示的是“禁止”或“不许可”之意。
—Must we finish the wrk tmrrw?
我们明天必须完成这项工作吗?
—N, yu needn’t (dn’t have t), but yu must finish it in three days.
不,不必。但是你们必须在三天内完成。
(3)在肯定句中must可以表示推测,表示“一定”或“必定”之意。
—Whse new bike can it be?
这会是谁的新自行车呢?
—It must be Liu Dng’s. I knw his father has just bught him a new ne.
这一定是刘冬的。我知道他爸爸刚给他买了一辆新的。
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4.can, culd, may, must后接完成时的用法
(1)can, culd后接完成时的用法
①在否定句或疑问句中表示对过去发生过的事情的“怀疑”或“不肯定”的态度。
Culd he have said s?
他这样说过吗?
②在肯定句中,可以表示过去可能做到而实际并未做到的事情,有“劝告”或“责备”的语气。
—When did yu answer her letter?
你什么时候给她回的信?
—Only yesterday.
就在昨天。
—It’s t late. Yu culd have answered it earlier, I am sure.
太迟了。我确定你本可以早点回信的。
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(2)may, might后接完成时的用法
①表示对过去某事的推测,认为某一件事情在过去可能发生了。如果使用might,语气就比较委婉或更加不肯定。
Mary might have learned sme Chinese befre.
玛丽以前可能学过一些汉语。
②表示过去本来可以做到而实际没有做到的事情,有“劝告”或“责备”的语气。
Yu didn’t d the wrk well that day. Yu might have dne it better.
你那天工作没有做好。你本可以做得更好的。
(3)must后接完成时的用法:表示对过去某事的推测,认为某事在过去一定做到了。
Liu Dng isn’t in the classrm. He must have gne t the library.
刘冬不在教室,他一定去了图书馆。
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5.have t 的基本用法
have t和must的意义相近,只是 must侧重表示说话人的主观看法,而have t 则表示客观需要。
I must study hard.
我必须努力学习。
I had t give it up because f illness.
因为有病,我不得不放弃它了。
6.ught t的基本用法
(1)表示根据某种义务或必要“应当”做某事,语气比shuld强烈。
Everyne ught t bey the traffic regulatins.
每个人都必须遵守交通规则。
Page N.1327
(2)表示推测,注意与must表示推测时的区别。
He must be hme by nw.
他现在一定到家了。(断定他已到家)
He ught t be hme by nw.
他现在可能到家了。(不十分肯定)
This is where the il must be.
这一定就是石油的所在地了。(比较确定)
This is where the il ught t be.
这可能就是石油的所在地了。(比较含蓄)
(3)“ught(t)+have+过去分词”表示过去应做某事而实际未做。
Yu ught t have helped him. (but yu didn’t)
你本应去帮助他,但你没有。
这时,ught与 shuld可以互换使用。
注意:在美国英语中ught t 用于否定和疑问句时t可以省略。
Ought yu smke s much?
你应该吸这么多烟吗?
Yu ughtn’t smke s much.
你不应该吸这么多烟。
Page N.1328
7.dare的基本用法
(1)dare (dared为其过去式) 作情态动词用时,主要用于否定句,疑问句和条件从句中。
Dared he break the traffic regulatins again?
他敢再次违反交通规则吗?
(2)在现代英语中dare常用作行为动词,其变化与一般行为动词相同。
She dares t stay at hme alne at night.
她敢晚上一个人在家。
Page N.1329
8.need的基本用法
(1)need作情态动词用时,主要用于否定句和疑问句中。
He needn’t wrry abut us nw.
他现在不必担心我们。
(2)need也可作行为动词用,可用于肯定句,否定句和疑问句中,其后可接名词、代词、动名词或带 t 的动词不定式作宾语。
Yu need t practise reading alud every day.
你需要每天练习大声朗读。
(3)neednt后接完成时可以表示过去做了一件本来不必要做的事情。
—Did yu answer the letter yesterday?
你昨天回信了吗?
—Yes, I did.
是的,我回了。
—But yu needn’t have answered it.
但是你本没必要回信的。
Page N.1330
9.shall的基本用法
(1)shall用作情态动词时,用于第二、三人称,表示说活人的意愿,可表示“命令”、“警告”、“强制”、“威胁”或“允诺”等意。
He shall g first, whether he wants t r nt.
无论他想不想,他将第一个走。
(2)在疑问句中,shall用于第一、三人称,表示说话人的征询对方意见或请求指示。
Shall I pen the dr?
我可以开门吗?
Page N.1331
10.shuld的基本用法
(1)shuld作为情态动词可以表示“建议”或“劝告”,有“应该”之意。
Yu shuld learn frm each ther.
你们应该互相学习。
(2)shuld后接完成时表示过去没有做到本来应该做的事情,或是做了本来不应该做的事情。
Yu shuld have given him mre help.
你应该给予他更多的帮助。
Page N.1332
11.will的基本用法
(1)用于各种人称,可以表示“意志”或“决心”。
I have tld him again and again t stp smking, but he will nt listen.
我一遍又一遍地告诉他不要吸烟,但他就是不听。
(2)在疑问句中用于第二人称,表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问对方的意愿。
Will yu please tell me hw t get t the Capital Gymnasium?
你能告诉我去首都体育馆怎么走吗?
(3)will可以表示一种习惯性的动作,有“总是”或“会要”之意。
Every mrning he will have a walk alng this river.
每天早晨他总会沿着这条河散步。
Page N.1333
12.wuld的基本用法
(1)wuld作为will的过去式,可用于各种人称,表示在过去时间的“意志”或“决心”。
He prmised he wuld never smke again.
他决定再也不吸烟了。
(2)在疑问句中,用于第二人称,表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问对方的意愿时,比用will语气更加委婉。
Wuld yu like sme mre cffee?
你需要再来些咖啡吗?
(3)在日常生活中,常用“I wuld like t ...”表示“我想要……”或“我愿意”之意,以使语气委婉。
I wuld like t d it first.
我想第一个做。
Page N.1334
(4)wuld可以表示过去的习惯动作,比used t正式,并没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。
Last year ur English teacher wuld smetimes tell us stries in English after class.
去年,我们的英语老师常常在课后用英语给我们讲故事。
During the vacatin he wuld visit me every week.
在放假期间,他每周都会来看我。
(5)表示料想或猜想。
It wuld be abut ten when he left hme.
他离开家时应该是10点左右。
What wuld she be ding there?
她正在那里做什么呢?
I thught he wuld have tld yu abut it.
我以为他会告诉你这件事。
Page N.1335
13.used t, had better, wuld rather的基本用法
(1)used t表示过去的习惯动作或状态,现在已不存在。在间接引语中,其形式可以不变。
He tld us he used t play ftball when he was yung.
他告诉我们,他年轻时经常踢足球。
在疑问句、否定句、否定疑问句或强调句中,可有两种形式。
疑问句:Did yu use t/Used yu t g t the same schl as yur brther? 你和你哥哥去的是同一所学校吗?
否定句:I usedn’t t/didnt use t g there. (usedn’t 也可写作usen’t)我不常去那里。
否定疑问句:Usen’t yu t/Didn’t yu use t be interested in drama? 你过去对戏剧感兴趣吗?
强调句:I certainly used t/did use t smke, but it was a lng time ag.
我以前常常吸烟,但那是很久以前的事情了。
Page N.1336
其反意疑问句或简略回答中,也有两种形式:
She used t be very fat, didn’t she?/use(d)n’t she?
她过去很胖,不是吗?
—Did yu use t play chess?
你过去常玩象棋吗?
—Yes, I did.
是的。
—Used yu t get up early in the mrning?
从前,你经常早起吗?
—Yes, I did/used t.
是的。
Page N.1337
(2)had better意为“最好……”,后接不带t的不定式。
—We had better g nw. 我们最好现在就走。
—Yes, we’d better/we had better. 是的。
Hadn’t we better stp nw? (Had we better nt stp nw?)
我们现在最好不要停吗?
I think I’d better be ging. 我想我最好立即走。
(用于进行时态,表示“最好立即”)
Yu had better have dne that. 你最好已经做了。
(用于完成时态,表示未完成动作)
注意:had better用于同辈或小辈,对长辈不可以用。
(3)wuld rather意为“宁愿”,表示选择,后接不带t的不定式。
I’d rather nt say anything.
我宁愿什么也没说。
Page N.1338
Wuld yu rather wrk n a farm?
你宁愿在农场工作吗?
—Wuldn’t yu rather stay here?
你不愿意待在这里吗?
—N, I wuld nt. I’d rather g there.
是的,我不愿意。我宁愿去那边。
由于wuld rather表示选择,因而其后可接than。
I wuld rather wrk n a farm than in a factry.
我宁愿在农场工作也不愿意在工厂工作。
I wuld rather watch TV than g t see the film.
我宁愿看电视也不愿看电影。
I’d rather yu didn’t talk abut this t anyne.
我宁愿你没有告诉任何人这件事。
(句中的wuld rather不是情态动词,wuld 在此是表示愿望的实义动词)
Page N.1339
虚拟语气的常见考点:
一、非真实条件句
1.虚拟语气可以表示过去,现在和将来的情况,时态的基本特点是时态往后推移。
2.虚拟语气表
时间从句主句例句
与现
在事
实相
反的
假设
一般过去时( be 用were)
wuld/shud/culd/might/ught t+动词原形1.If they were here, they wuld help yu.
2.If we had enugh mney, we wuld buy a cmputer.
3.If I were yu, I wuldn’t d it.
4.If it rained tmrrw, we’d stay at hme.
5.It wuld be dd if she were awarded the first prize.
Page N.1340
时间从句主句例句
与过
去事
实相
反的
假设
过去完成时
shuld/wuld/culd/might+have+过去分词1.If he had cme yesterday, I shuld have tld him abut it.
2.If I had been in her psitin, I’d have quit.
3.If the weather hadnt been s bad, we might have gne ut.
4.If he had aplgized, yu shuld have dne s t.
对将来
不大可
能发生
的事情
的假想
一般过去时shuld/
wuld/
culd/
might/
ught t+动词原形1.If yu succeeded, everything wuld be all right.
2.If they invited me, I wuld certainly attend it.
3.If he went, wuld yu g t?
与将来
事实相
反的假
设
were+不定式shuld/
wuld/
culd/might/ught t+动词原形1.If she were t lse her place, they wuld be ruined.
2.If yu were t speak t him, it wuld carry mre weight.
Page N.1341
二、混合条件句(错综时间条件句)
有时,主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间,主句和从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同,这种条件句叫作混合条件句。
三、含蓄条件句:是指非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表示出来,只暗含在上下文中。含蓄条件句常见的表达方式有:
1.定语从句和状语从句
Anyne wh had married such a girl as she wuld have been regretful. 谁娶了像她这样的姑娘都会后悔的。
Help was prmised where it shuld becme necessary.
要是需要的话就答应给予帮助。
Page N.1342
2.介词及介词短语:but that, but fr, withut, with, under, under , suppsing, suppse, n cnditin that, in the past等。
Withut yur help, I culdnt have achieved all this.
要不是有你帮助,我不会取得这些成就。
But fr the fg we wuld have reached ur destinatin lng ag. 要是没有雾的话,我们很早就到目的地了。
Under mre favurable cnditins we culd have finished the task.
如果条件对我们更有利,我们就会把工作完成得更好了。
Page N.1343
3.连词therwise, r, but
He wuld have given yu mre help, but he has been s busy.
他本来可以多给你一些帮助的,只是他太忙了。
Seize the chance, therwise yu wuld regret it.
如果不抓住这个机会,你会后悔的。
He felt very tired yesterday, r he wuld have helped yu.
他昨天觉得太累了,不然他会帮你的。
Page N.1344
4.通过分词短语表示条件
Given mre time, we culd have dne it better.
如果多给一点时间,我们会做得更好的。
Legalizing this drug wuld have disastrus cnsequence.
使毒品合法化会有灾难性的后果。
5.用动词不定式表示条件
It wuld be a mistake nt t help him.
没有帮助他是个错误。
She wuld have dne anything t make amends.
她会做任何事来弥补。
Page N.1345
四、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用
1.虚拟语气用在wuld rather,wuld(just)as sn,wuld sner,wuld prefer(希望)等后接的宾语从句中。
表示某人宁愿让另一个人做某事,其后的宾语从句的谓语动词需用虚拟语气。若表示现在或将来要做某事,从句谓语动词需用一般过去时;表示过去已经做的事,从句谓语动词用过去完成时。
The manager wuld rather his daughter did nt wrk in the same ffice.
经理宁愿她女儿不与他在同一间办公室工作。
Wuldn’t yu rather yur child went t bed early?
你不愿让你的孩子早点上床吗?
Page N.1346
【点拨】
①若某人宁愿自己做某事,wuld rather后用动词原形。
I wuld rather stay at hme tday.
我今天宁愿待在家里。
I wuld rather stay at hme than g ut tday.
我今天宁愿待在家里也不愿出去。
Page N.1347
2.在表示命令、建议、要求等动词后面的从句中,像rder, suggest, prpse, require, demand, request, insist, cmmand, insist+(shuld) d。
I suggest that we (shuld) hld a meeting next week.
我建议下周召开个会议。
He insisted that he (shuld ) be sent there.
他要求被派到那儿去。
【点拨】
如果suggest, insist不表示“建议” 或“坚持要某人做某事”时,即它们用于其本意“暗示,表明”、“坚持认为”时,宾语从句用陈述语气。
(错) Yur pale face suggests that yu (shuld)be ill.
(对) Yur pale face suggests that yu are ill.
(错) I insisted that yu (shuld)be wrng.
(对) I insisted that yu were wrng.
Page N.1348
3. wish的用法
(1)wish后面的从句,表示与事实相反的情况,或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望时,其宾语从句的动词形式为:
情况主句从句
从句动作先于主句动词动作现在时过去时
从句动作与主句动作同时发生过去时/现在时过去完成时
将来不大可能实现的愿望
将来时/现在时Wuld
/culd +动词原形
Page N.1349
wish yu wuldn’t leave yur clthes all ver the flr.
我真希望你不把衣服丢得满地都是。
I wish that he had nt made s much fuss abut it.
但愿那时他对这件事不那么大惊小怪的。
I wish that the rain wuld stp.
要是雨停就好了。
(2)在“it is wished that”句型以及作名词所引起的表语和同位语从句中也要求使用虚拟语气,用法同上。
(3)wish t d;wish sb./sth. t d
I wish t see the manager. = I want t see the manager.
我希望见一见经理。
I wish the manager t be infrmed at nce.
=I want the manager t be infrmed at nce.
我希望经理能马上得到消息。
Page N.1350
五、虚拟语气在表语从句或同位语从句中的运用
当某些表示建议、请求、命令等主观意向的名词作主语时,其后的表语从句或同位语从句需用虚拟语气,其表达形式为:shuld+动词原形或直接用动词原形。这类名词常见的有:advice,suggestin,prpsal,rder, demand,desire,request,requirement,recmmendatin, aim, wish, necessity, preference, mtin, plan,idea,reslutin。
We are all fr yur prpsal that the discussin be put ff.
我们都赞成你提出的将讨论延期的建议。
The suggestin that the mayr present the prizes was accepted by everyne.
由市长颁奖的建议被每个人所接受。
Page N.1351
六、虚拟语气在其他状语从句中的使用
1. 虚拟语气用在目的状语从句中
在由lest, fr fear that, in rder that, s that, in case等引导的目的状语从句中需用虚拟语气,表示“以防,以免”等意思,其谓语动词多由“shuld/culd/might+动词原形”构成,shuld也可以省略。
He was punished lest he shuld make the same mistake again.
他被处以惩罚以免他再犯同样的错误。
I will nt make a nise fr fear that I shuld disturb him.
我不会出声的,以免打扰他。
He put his cat ver his sn in case he shuld catch cld.
他把大衣盖在儿子身上以免他着凉。
注意:如果 in rder that 和 s that 前的主句是现在时,其后的从句有时也可用“can/may+动词原形”。
Page N.1352
Ask him t hurry up with the letters s that I can sign them.
让他带着信赶快来以便我签字。
在以lest 和in case 引导的目的状语从句中谓语动词若属于过去时,一般要用虚拟语气,由“shuld+动词原形”构成;若谓语动词不是过去时,也可以用陈述语气。
Take warm clthes in case the weather is cld.
带上厚衣服以防天气变冷。
Page N.1353
2.虚拟语气用在方式状语从句中
在as if (as thugh)引导的方式状语从句中,常用虚拟语气,表示“似乎,好像”的意思,其动词形式与wish后接宾语从句中的形式相同。
He talks abut pyramids as thugh he had seen them himself.
他谈起金字塔来,就好像亲眼见到过似的。
I feel as if we had knwn each ther fr years.
我感觉我们好像已经认识好多年了。
It lks as if it might rain.
看上去好像要下雨了。
Page N.1354
七、虚拟语气的倒装形式
在书面语中,如果条件从句含有 were, had, shuld,可将连词 if 省略,再将 were, had 或 shuld 移至句首,构成非真实条件句的倒装语序。
Were they here nw, they culd help us.
=If they were here nw, they culd help us.
如果他们现在在这里的话,就会帮助我们了。
Had yu cme earlier, yu wuld have met him.
=If yu had cme earlier, yu wuld have met him.
你来得早一点,就会碰到他了。
Shuld it rain, the crps wuld be saved.
=Were it t rain, the crps wuld be saved.
假如下雨,庄稼就有救了。
Page N.1355
八、其他句型
1.虚拟语气用在“It is+形容词+that”的主语从句中
在某些表示愿望、建议、请求、命令等形容词后的主语从句中,需用虚拟语气。其表达形式为:“shuld +动词原形”或省略shuld直接用动词原形。这类形容词有:advisable(明智的),apprpriate(适当的),cmpulsry(必须的),crucial(紧急的),desirable(理想的),essential(必要的),imperative(迫切的),imprtant(重要的),incredible(惊人的),natural(自然的),necessary(必要的),pssible(可能的),preferable(更好的), prbable(可能的),strange(奇怪的),urgent(紧迫的), vital(极为重要的)。
It is essential that these applicatin frms be sent back as early as pssible.
这些申请表应尽早地寄回,这是很重要的。
It is vital that enugh mney be cllected t fund the prject.
重要的是募集足够的钱,为这个项目提供资金。
Page N.1356
2. 虚拟语气用在“It is+过去分词+that”的主语从句中
在“It is+过去分词+that”的主语从句中,常用虚拟语气,表示愿望、建议、请求等主观意向,谓语用 shuld +动词原形或省略shuld只用动词原形。这类过去分词有:decided,demanded,desired,insisted,rdered,prpsed,suggested,recmmended,requested, required等。
It is desired that we(shuld)get everything ready this evening.
希望我们今晚一切都准备就绪。
3.虚拟语气用在“It is (abut/high) time +that”定语从中
在“It is (abut/high)time +that”定语从句中需用虚拟语气,表示“该做……的时候了”,其动词形式用一般过去时或shuld +动词原形。
It’s already 5 ’clck nw. Dn’t yu think it’s abut time we went hme?
已经5点钟了,你不认为我们应该回家了吗?
Page N.1357
【点拨】
①在this is the first time/secnd time that ...句型中,从句中谓语动词用陈述语气的完成时态。
Is this the first time that yu have visited Hngkng?
这是你第一次参观香港吗?
②It’s time t d smething后跟动词不定式;It’s time that后接从句。
It’s time that we shuld d the hmewrk.
到时间我们应该写作业了。
It’s time fr us t d the hmewrk.
到我们写作业的时间了。
Page N.1358
4.比较if nly与nly if
nly if表示“只有”;if nly则表示“如果……就好了”。If nly引导的句子,用一般过去时或wuld+动词原形表示与现在或未来事实相反;用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反,也可用于陈述语气。
I wake up nly if the alarm clck rings.
只有闹钟响了,我才会醒。
If nly I had listened t my parents.
要是我听取了父母的话该多好啊。
Page N.1359
5. but 或 but that 表达的含蓄条件的特殊含义。
but 或 but that 表示“如果不……”,意思相当于“if nt”,其后面不可以接虚拟模式,应接陈述式的现在时动词或过去时动词,即“but that+主语+现在时动词/过去时动词”,而主句要用虚拟语气。
But that yu help him, he wuld fail.
如果没有你的帮助,他会失败的。
But that yu helped him, he wuld have failed.
如果没有你的帮助,他早就失败了。
Page N.1360
6. didn’t need t d与needn’t have dne
Didn’t need t d表示过去不必做某事, 事实上也没做;needn’t have dne表示过去不必做某事, 但事实上做了。
Jhn went t the statin with the car t meet Mary, s she didn’t need t walk back hme.
约翰开车去车站接玛丽,所以她不必步行回家了。
Jhn went t the statin with the car t meet Mary, s she needn’t have walked back hme.
约翰开车去车站接玛丽,所以她本不必步行回家的。 (Mary步行回家了,没有遇上Jhn的车)
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7.不定式的完成时用在 intend, mean, plan, suppse 等动词后,表示原打算做而实际未能做成的事,因而含有虚拟的意思。
8. need/needn’t+have dne 结构也可以表示虚拟语气,意为“本来有/没有必要做某事”。
9.as it were 常插在句子中,表示“姑且这样说,可以说是”这类的意思。
He is a grwnup baby, as it were.
他可以说是一个大孩子了。
He became, as it were, a kind f her frm a strange land.
他仿佛成了一个来自异乡的英雄。
10. wuld think 本身就是虚拟语气,表示“会认为,想到”。
Anyne wuld think yu were in lve with the girl.
谁都会认为你是爱上这个姑娘了。
Anyne wuld think he wns the place, the way he talks.
听他这样谈话谁都会认为他是这里的老板。
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11. wuld have thught 本身也是虚拟语气,表示“谁会想到;原本会以为”。
Wh wuld have thught t see yu here.
谁会想到在这里碰到你。
Wh wuld have thught shed end up dancing fr a living.
谁会想到她最后落得靠跳舞谋生。
12. wh/what shuld ...表示“原来是……”。
Wh shuld cme in but his first wife.
进来的原来是他的第一任妻子。
When I gt ff the bat whm shuld I see but Rry.
我下船的时候见到的一个人,原来是罗里。
What shuld I find but an enrmus spider.
我看到的原来是一只特大的蜘蛛。
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13. wuld rather/sner+不定式
I wuld rather/sner be a miner than a bank clerk.
我宁愿当矿工,也不愿当银行职员。
If I’d lived in 1400, I’d rather have been a knight than a mnk.
如果我活在1400年,我宁愿当骑士而不当和尚。
14. if need be 表示“如果有必要”。
If need be, help him t d it.
如果有必要,帮他去做。
I’ll wrk at night if need be.
如果有必要我可以晚上工作。
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15. 虚拟语气用于表示祝愿的祈使句中,动词一般要使用原形,同时要注意的是句子的主谓要倒装。
Lng live the Peple’s Republic f China!
中华人民共和国万岁!
May yu have a merry Christmas!
祝你圣诞快乐!
Gd bless yu!
愿上帝保佑你!
16. 在表示客气、遗憾以及祝愿等场合中,使用虚拟语气。
Yu shuldn’t have been fllwing him s clsely; yu shuld have kept yur distance.
你不应该一直这样紧紧地跟着他,而应该和他保持一定的距离。
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例1:—Hi,Tm.Any idea where Jane is?
—She in the classrm.I saw her there just nw. (2009·重庆)
A.shall be B.shuld have been
C.must be D.might have been
解析:选C。考查情态动词表推测的用法。句意为:——你好,汤姆。知道简在哪里吗?——她一定在教室里,我刚才看见她在那里。B项和D项表示对过去事情的推测,shall be则表示将来。故选C。
例2:What d yu mean,there are nly ten tickets?
There be twelve.(2009·宁夏、海南)
A.shuld B.wuld
C.will D.shall
解析:选A。考查情态动词的用法。句意为:你这是什么意思,只有十张票?应该有十二张啊。根据句意,应该选A项。
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例3:The traffic is heavy these days. I arrive a bit late,s culd yu save me a place?(2009·辽宁)
A.can B.must C.need D.might
解析:选D。考查情态动词的用法。句意为:这几天交通很拥挤,我可能晚到一会儿,因此给我留个位子好吗?四个选项中,只有might表示“可能”,故选D。
例4:Sme peple wh dnt like t talk much are nt necessarily shy;they just be quiet peple.(2009·安徽)
A.must B.may C.shuld D.wuld
解析:选B。考查情态动词表示推测的用法。句意为:一些不喜欢多说话的人不一定是害羞,他们可能只是安静的人。根据句意,答案选B。
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例5:One f the few things yu say abut English peple with certainty is that they talk a lt abut the weather.(2009·北京)
A.need B.must C.shuld D.can
解析:选D。考查情态动词的用法。句意为:对于英国人,你能确定的几件事情之一就是他们经常谈论天气。need需要;must必须;shuld 应该;can能够。故选D。
例6:It have been Tm that parked the car here,as he is the nly ne with a car. (2009·上海)
A.may B.can C.must D.shuld
解析:选C。考查情态动词表示推测的用法。由“as he is the nly ne with a car”可知前面应推测一定是汤姆把车停在这儿的。must用于肯定句,表示语气肯定的推测,故选C。
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例7:But fr their help,we the prgram in time. (2009·安徽)
A.can nt finish B.will nt finish
C.had nt finished D.culd nt have finished
解析:选D。考查虚拟语气的用法。but fr表示“要不是……”,此处But fr their help是一个隐含的虚拟条件句,说明过去情况的虚拟语气应用“情态动词+have dne”。句意为:要不是他们帮忙,我们就不能及时完成这个项目了。故选D。
例8:But fr the help f my English teacher, I the first prize in the English Writing Cmpsitin. (2009·福建)
A.wuld nt win B.wuld nt have wn
C.wuld win D. wuld have wn
解析:选B。考查虚拟语气的用法。but fr表示“要不是……”,表明了一个隐含条件的虚拟语气。“获奖”的事情发生在过去的比赛当中,所以与过去情况相反的虚拟语气的主句部分用wuld/culd /shuld+have dne,故选B。
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例9:The dctr recmmended that yu swim after eating a large meal.(2009·浙江)
A.wuldn’t B.culdn’t
C.needn’t D.shuldn’t
解析:选D。考查虚拟语气的用法。句意为:医生建议你吃过饱饭后不要游泳。recmmend作“建议”讲时,后面的宾语从句用虚拟语气,谓语动词为“shuld (nt)+动词原形”。
例10:He did nt regret saying what he did but felt that he it differently. (2009·江苏)
A. culd express B. wuld express
C. culd have expressed D. must have expressed
解析:选C。考查虚拟语气的用法。根据语境可知,后半句表示对过去某种情况的推测,所以首先排除A和B两个选项。另外选项C表示“本能够做某事而没有做”;选项D则表示“过去一定做过某事”。根据语境,故选C。
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非谓语动词也称作非限定动词,即:不在句中单独作谓语的动词形式,分为:不定式,动名词和分词。下面就其用法作简要总结。
1. 动名词和分词作定语
动名词作定语时并不强调主动或者被动关系,而是说明其所修饰的词的性质或用途;而分词分为现在分词和过去分词,现在分词作定语时与所修饰的名词构成逻辑上的主动关系,强调动作的正在进行性;而过去分词作定语时与所修饰的名词为被动关系,所表达的含义有两种情况:①仅仅表示被动,②表示被动的同时,该动作也已完成。比较:
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This was nce a hiding place fr peple there at war.这里在战时曾是那里的人们的一个藏身之所。(hiding作定语,表示用途)
Lk at the sleeping baby! Hw wnderful!看那个熟睡的婴儿,多好啊!(sleeping作定语,表示动作的进行性)
It is said that cars made in this factry are nw at least as gd as thse made abrad.
据说这个工厂制造的汽车现在至少和国外制造的汽车一样好了。(两个made仅表示动作的被动性)
There still remain a lt f prblems in the hmewrk dne by him yesterday.
他昨天做的作业里面仍然有很多问题。(dne表示被动和完成)
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2. 现在分词和过去分词作表语
同一动词的现在分词和过去分词作表语时的区别:过去分词作表语,主要表示主语(多指人,也可指物)的心理感受或所处的状态,含有被动的意思;而现在分词作表语多表示主语(多指物,也可指人)所具有的特征,含有主动的意思。
The stry was very mving and we were greatly mved.
这个故事很感人,我们都被深深地感动了。
The disappinting by disappinted his father fr his failure again in the exam.
这个令人失望的男孩再次考试不及格,让他爸爸很失望。
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3. 分词和不定式作宾语补足语
(1) 表示动作的现在分词作宾语补足语表示正在发生或进行的动作,常用在表示感觉和心理状态的动词后。常见的感官动词和使役动词有:
感官动词:see, hear, find, watch, ntice, bserve, smell, lk, listen等。
使役动词:have, set, keep, get, catch, leave, send等。
I heard her singing an English sng when I passed by her rm yesterday.
昨天我经过她的房间的时候听见她正在唱一首英文歌。
I fund the girl playing the pian when I came in.
我进来的时候发现这个小女孩正在弹钢琴。
(2) 过去分词作宾语补足语表示动作已经完成或被动,宾语和宾语补足语之间是动宾关系。
He gt the rm cleaned.
他把房间打扫干净了。
I cant make myself understd.
我无法让别人理解我。
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(3)动词不定式作宾语补足语说明宾语的行为、状态或特征,宾语和不定式之间在逻辑上是主谓关系。常见的可以跟不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:
① 感官动词see, hear, find, watch, ntice, bserve, smell等和使役动词have, let, make等,其后跟不带t的不定式作宾语补足语。
注意:当这些词用于被动结构时,则要加上不定式符号t。
He was ften heard t sing freign sngs.
人们常听他唱外国歌曲。
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② advise, allw, ask, frbid, frce, persuade, request,cause, beg, drive, encurage, expect, get, intend, invite, permit, remind, teach, tell, trust, urge, warn, want 等后跟带t的动词不定式作宾语补足语。
The schl desn’t allw the students t use the mbile phne in class.
这所学校不许学生课上使用手机。
Thugh he ften made his sister cry, tday he was made t cry by his sister.
虽然他经常把妹妹弄哭,但今天他却被妹妹弄哭了。
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4. 动名词和不定式作宾语
(1) 下列动词或动词短语只能用动名词作宾语。常见的动词:cnsider, suggest, advise, excuse, pardn, admit, delay, fancy, practice, escape, appreciate等。常见的动词短语: lk frward t, give up, can’t help, insist n, devte t, lead t, stick t, be fnd f, feel like, be used t, succeed in, pay attentin t, put ff, can’t stand等。
Yu can’t delay sending the medicine.
你不可以延误送药的时间。
(2) 下列动词只能跟不定式作宾语。常见的动词:decide, determine, learn, want, expect, hpe, wish, refuse, manage, care, pretend, ffer, prmise, chse, plan, agree, ask, beg等。
She pretended nt t see me when I passed by.
当我经过时,她假装没看见我。
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(3)下列动词既可以跟动名词也可以跟不定式作宾语,注意其在意义上的区别。
①frget ding sth. 忘记已经做过某事
t d sth. 忘记去做某事
②remember ding sth. 记得做过某事
t d sth. 记住去做某事
③regret ding sth. 遗憾做过某事
t d sth. 遗憾地要做某事
④stp ding sth. 停止做某
t d sth. 停下来去做另一件事
⑤try ding sth. 试着做某事
t d sth. 努力做某事
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⑥mean ding sth. 意味着做某事
t d sth. 打算做某事
⑦g n ding sth. 继续不停地做某事(指同一动作 的继续)
t d sth. 完成一件事后接着做另一件事
⑧can’t help ding sth. 情不自禁地做某事
t d sth. 不能帮助做某事
⑨be used t ding sth. 习惯于做某事
d sth. 被用来做某事
used t d sth. 过去常做某事
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She didn’t remember meeting him smewhere befre.
她不记得以前在哪里见过他。
This dictinary can’t help t learn the language.
这本辞典不能帮助学习语言。
My grandpa isn’t used t living in the city.
我爷爷不习惯住在这个城市。
I used t smke a lt, but I have given up.
我过去吸烟很厉害,但现在戒了。
Bamb can be used t build huses in the suth f China.
竹子在中国的南方可用来建房子。
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例1:We are invited t a party in ur club next Friday. (2009 ·山东)
A. t be held B. held
C. being held D. hlding
解析:选A。考查非谓语动词的用法。由next Friday可知,时间是在将来,party是将被举行的,故选A。
例2: nt t miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set ut fr the airprt in a hurry. (2009 ·福建)
A. Reminding B. Reminded
C. T remind D. Having reminded
解析:选B。考查非谓语动词的用法。非谓语动词作状语,逻辑主语是句子的主语the manager,非谓语动词与句子主语之间是被动关系,且其表示的动作在谓语动词set ut之前已经发生,非谓语动词用过去分词,故选B。
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例3:With the wrld changing fast, we have smething new with all by urselves every day.(2009 ·重庆)
A. Deal B. dealt C. t deal D. dealing
解析:选C。句意为:因为世界在飞速地发生着变化,所以我们每一天都有许多新的事情要处理。此处考查句型结构have smething new t d,不定式作定语修饰smething,故选C。
例4:Please remain ;the winner f the prize will be annunced sn.(2008·辽宁)
A.seating B.seated C.t seat D.t be seated
解析:选B。句意为:请坐好,获胜者的名字马上就要宣布。seated是分词形式的形容词,表示状态。remain是系动词,seated作表语。
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例5:Susan wanted t be independent f her parents.She tried alne,but she didn’t like it and mved back hme.(2008·湖南)
A.Living B t live
C.t be living D.having lived
解析:选A。句意为:苏珊不想依赖父母。她尝试一个人生活,但并不喜欢,于是又搬回了家。try后可以接不定式,表示“努力做……”;也可以接动名词,表示“尝试做……”,根据句意应该用动名词。
例6:I hear they’ve prmted Tm,but he didn’t
mentin when we talked n the phne.(2008·江西)
A t prmte B. having been prmted
C.having prmted D. t be prmted
解析:选B。句意为:我听说他们已经提拔了汤姆,但我们打电话时他却没有谈及被提拔的事。mentin为及物动词,后接动名词作宾语,“被提拔”是已经发生的动作,且为被动语态,故选B。
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例7:We had an anxius cuple f weeks fr the results f the experiment.(2008·四川非延考区)
A. Wait B. t be waiting
C. Waited D. waiting
解析:选D。句意为:我们度过了焦急的几周,等待着实验结果。have a/an gd/hard/anxius time (in) ding sth.为固定用法,此句的time 换成了cuple f weeks。此处用现在分词waiting作伴随状语,故选D。
例8:Due t the heavy rain and flding, ten millin peple have been frced their hmes.(2008·上海)
A. leaving B. t leave C. t be left D. being left
解析:选B。考查动词frce的用法。frce sb. t d sth.迫使某人做某事。句子使用了被动语态,leave和主语peple之间是主动关系,故选择不定式的主动形式。
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例9:—Rbert is indeed a wise man.
—Oh,yes.Hw ften I have regretted his advice! (2007·安徽)
A.t take B.taking C.nt t take D.nt taking
解析:选D。regret nt ding sth.表示“为未做某事而后悔”,表示否定,故选D。
例10:As the light turned green,I std fr a mment,nt ,and asked myself what I was ging t d.(2007·湖南)
A.mved B.mving
C.t mve D.being mved
解析:选B。空白处在句中作伴随状语,主语与mve是逻辑上的主谓关系,所以应用现在分词的主动形式。
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一、句子成分
组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。英语中句子成分有主语,谓语,表语,宾语,宾语补足语,定语,状语等。 在句子中的顺序一般是主语,谓语,宾语,宾语补足语,而表语,定语,状语的位置要根据情况而定。
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1.主语
主语是句子主要说明的人或事物,一般由名词,代词,数词,不定式等充当。
Tm is gd at playing ftball.
汤姆擅长踢足球。
2.谓语
谓语主要说明主语的动作,状态或特征。由动词(或短语动词)构成,可以有不同的时态,语态和语气。
We are studying English nw.
我们现在正在学英语。
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3.表语
表语是谓语的一部分,它位于系动词be之后,说明主语的身份,特征,属性或状态。一般由名词,代词,形容词,副词,不定式,介词短语等充当。
We are Chinese.
我们是中国人。
4.宾语
宾语表示动作或行为的对象,跟在及物动词之后。能作宾语的有:名词,代词,数词,动词不定式等。
另外,有些及物动词可以带两个宾语,往往一个指人,一个指物,指人的叫间接宾语,指物的叫直接宾语。
He gave me a bk.
他给我一本书。
有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语,意思才完整,宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。
We elected him mnitr.
我们选他做班长。
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5.定语
在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。用作定语的主要是形容词,代词,数词,名词,副词,动词不定式,介词短语等。形容词,代词,数词,名词等作定语时,通常放在被修饰词的前面。
He is a new student.
他是个新生。
但副词,动词不定式,介词短语等作定语时,则通常放在被修饰词之后。
The bike in the rm is mine.
房间里的自行车是我的。
6.状语
修饰动词,形容词,副词以及全句的句子成分,叫做状语。用作状语的通常是副词,介词短语,不定式和从句等。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。
We will have the meeting in the big hall.
我们将在那个大厅里开会。
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7. 同位语
用于说明前面某一个名词或代词的内容的成分就叫同位语。通常由名词、名词词组、反身代词、同位语从句充当。
Tm, mnitr f ur class, is always ding well in the exam.
汤姆,我们班的班长,考试总是考得很好。
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二、句子种类
从句子的结构来讲,句子分为简单句,并列句和复合句三类。
(一) 简单句
由一个主语(或者并列主语)和一个谓语(或者并列谓语)所构成的句子叫简单句。简单句分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句四种。
1. 陈述句
凡是说明一件事情,指出看法,或者表达一种心情的句子是陈述句。陈述句分为肯定句和否定句。尤其注意由否定词构成的否定句;两者全部否定用neither或nr;两者的部分否定用nt+bth;三者以上的否定用nne, nthing, nbdy, n ne等。
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Neither Jhn nr Mary is here.
约翰和玛丽都不在这里。
Nbdy agrees with what yu said.
没有人同意你所说的话。
同时还要注意否定转移的情况,这类动词主要有think, believe, suppse, feel, expect等,但是hpe不发生否定转移。
I dn’t think he has time t play with me.
我想他没有时间和我玩。
I hpe yu weren’t ill.
我想你没生病吧。
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2. 疑问句
疑问句用以提出问题,按结构分为四类:一般疑问句,特殊疑问句,反义疑问句和选择疑问句。
(1) 一般疑问句:对某一情况是否属实提出疑问,一般用yes或n来回答,有两种形式:
be/have+主语+其他?
助动词(情态动词)+主语+行为动词+其他?
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(2) 特殊疑问句:用疑问词(what, wh, hw, why, when, where ...)提问,一般有两种结构:疑问词+一般疑问句型结构。
What are yu ding?
你正在做什么?
疑问词作主语或主语的定语时用陈述语序。
What is yur name?
你叫什么名字。
(3) 反意疑问句:表示提问者有一定的主观看法,但没有把握,希望对方来证实;有四种形式:前肯定后否定、前否定后肯定、前后都肯定、前后都否定,较为常用的有两种:前肯定后否定、前否定后肯定。
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注意:
①反意疑问句的回答应该以事实为依据,而不能依照中文的习惯回答。
—He isn’t a student, is he?
他不是一名学生,是吗?
—N. He isn’t.(是啊,他不是学生。)
/Yes. He is.(不,他是个学生。)
②注意反意疑问句否定提前时的情况。
I dnt think he is hnest, is he?
我认为他不诚实,是吗?
③一般来说句子里包含表示否定的副词,反意疑问部分选用肯定式; 如果包含的是表示否定的动词则不遵循此规则。
He has never been t the US, has he?
他从来没到过美国,是吗?
He dislikes such a man, desn’t he?
他不喜欢像这样的人,是不是?
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④在并列句中,反意疑问句部分要和第二个分句保持一致。
She isn’t a diligent student, fr it is the third time that she has been late fr schl, isn’t it?
她不是一个勤奋的学生,因为这是她第三次迟到了,是不是?
⑤反意疑问句的构成形式为:主语+表示想法的状态动词+宾语从句,如果主句主语为第一人称,反意疑问的为宾语从句的主语;如果主句的主语为二、三人称,那么反意疑问的为主句的主语。
I dn’t think he is lazy, is he?
我认为他不懒惰,是吗?
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Yu all knw that he is hnest, dn’t yu?
你们都知道他诚实,是不是?
注意:英语口语中常用句型: (主语)祈使句 ...等+will yu?往往表示一种建议、命令、恳求等,与反意疑问句有点相似。
Yu clean the flr tday, will yu?
今天你擦地,好吗?
Thse bys ver there please cme here, will yu?
那边的那些男孩来这里,好吗?
(4) 选择疑问句:形式上与一般疑问句相似,但里面包含两个答案,用“r”连接,不能简单地用yes/n回答。
Are yu frm Sctland r England?
你是来自苏格兰还是英格兰?
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3. 祈使句
祈使句表示请求、命令、叮嘱、号召等,谓语动词用原形。当说话对象是第二人称时,一般省略主语,但如果要特别强调对方或表达某种情绪时可以有主语或加称呼语。若说话对象是第一人称或第三人称时,常用“Let+宾语+动词原形”。
Dn’t be careless!
别粗心大意!
Yu be quiet!
你给我安静点!
Let’s g nw, shall we?
让我们现在走吧,好吗?
Let us g nw, will yu?
我们现在走吧,怎么样?
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4. 感叹句
感叹句表示喜怒哀乐等情绪,句末用“!”;多用what或hw引起:what用来修饰名词;hw用来修饰形容词、副词或动词。
What a beautiful park it is!
那是一个多么美丽的公园呀!
Hw beautiful the park is!
那个公园多美呀!
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(二)并列句
包含有两个或更多互不依从的主谓结构的句子,就是并列句。并列句的分句通常由一个并列连词来连接。
常见的并列连词有and, but, thugh, hwever, while, r, fr, s, therefre, nt nly als ..., either ...等。
It is raining utside, s we will stay at hme.
外面正在下雨,因此我们待在家里。
He culdn’t g t schl, fr he was pr.
他不能去上学,因为他很穷。
Jane was dressed in brwn while Mary was dressed in blue.
珍妮穿着棕色的衣服,而玛丽穿的衣服是蓝色的。
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(三)复合句
如果一个句子包含两个或者更多的主谓结构,其中一个(或更多)主谓结构充当句子的某一(些)成分,就是复合句。充当句子成分的主谓结构称为从句,从句只能是句子的一个成分,不能独立,常由从属连词引出,总是用陈述语序。根据从句在句子中的作用,可分为名词性从句,形容词性从句(定语从句)和副词性从句(状语从句)三类。
Whether she will cme r nt is still a questin.
她是否会来仍是个问题。
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The questin is wh can cmplete the difficult task.
问题是谁能完成这个困难的工作。
D yu knw wh (whm) they are waiting fr?
你知道他们在等谁吗?
The dctr whm yu are lking fr is in the rm.
你正在找的那个医生在房间里。
When he was eating his breakfast, he heard the drbell ring.
当他正在吃早饭时,听到门铃响了。
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例1:He must be helping the ld man t water the flwers, ?(2009·陕西)
A. is he B. isnt he C. must he D. mustn’t he
解析:选B。must表示推测时,反意疑问句的助动词与must后面的动词相呼应,但有时间状语时,反意疑问句的助动词应根据时间状语来确定。
例2:Please d me a favur- my friend Mr. Smith t Yuth Theater at 7:30 tnight.(2009·湖南)
A. t invite B. inviting
C. Invite D. invited
解析:选C。句中破折号表示解释说明,空格处表示的语气应为祈使意义,所以用动词原形。
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例3:Yu and I culd hardly wrk tgether, ?(2009·湖南)
A. culd yu B. culdn’t I
C. culdn’t we D. culd we
解析:选D。根据主语yu and I可以判断,反意疑问部分主语应为第一人称复数,又因为题干中出现了否定副词hardly,所以反意疑问部分用肯定形式。
例4:It’s the first time that he has been t Australia, ?(2009·辽宁)
A. isn’t he B. hasn’t he C. isn’t it D. Hasn’t it
解析:选C。该句主语和谓语动词分别是it和is,所以反意疑问部分用isn’t it。
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例5:—I wnder yu’ll water this kind f flwer.
—Every ther day.(2009·四川)
A. hw ften B. hw lng
C. hw sn D. hw much
解析:选A。根据下一句的回答可知,此处问的是频率,故应用hw ften提问。
例6:At first he hated the new jb but decided t give himself a few mnths t see it gt any better.(2009·北京)
A. when B. hw C. why D. if
解析:选D。if在此引导宾语从句,意为“是否”。
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例7:Stand ver there yu’ll be able t see the il painting better.(2008·全国Ⅱ)
A. but B. till C. and D. r
解析:选C。分析句子结构可知,此句为“祈使句+and+陈述句”结构。
例8:Yu didn’t use t like him much when we were at schl, ?(2008·上海春)
A. were we B. weren’t we
C. did yu D. didn’t yu
解析:选C。句中的主语和谓语动词分别是yu和didnt use t,所以反意疑问部分应为did yu。
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例9:In sme places wmen are expected t earn mney men wrk at hme and raise their children.(2008·四川)
A. but B. while C. because D. thugh
解析:选B。由并列连词while连接两个简单句,表示对比。
例10: the website f the Fire Department in yur city, and yu will learn a lt abut Firefighting.(2008·湖南)
A. Having searched B. T search
C. Searching D. Search
解析:选D。分析句子结构可知,此句为“祈使句+and+陈述句”结构。
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在句子中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句 (Nun Clauses)。 名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词性从句可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。其关联词有连接词that,if,whether;连接代词wh,whm,whse,what,which,whever,whmever,whatever,whichever;连接副词when,where,why,hw等。
名词性从句
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一、主语从句
作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。that在句中无具体词义,只起连接作用;连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义,又起连接作用,在从句中充当从句的成分。
What he wants t tell us is nt clear.
他要跟我们说什么,还不清楚。
Where the English evening will be held has nt yet been annunced.
英语晚会将在哪里举行,还没有宣布。
Whever breaks the law shuld be punished.
任何违法的人都要受到惩罚。
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有时为避免句子头重脚轻,常用it代替主语从句作形式主语置于句首,而把主语从句置于句末。常用句型如下:
(1) It+be+名词+that从句
(2) It+be+形容词+that从句
(3) It+be+动词的过去分词+that从句
(4) It+不及物动词+that 从句
It is a pity that he cant cme t my birthday party.
很遗憾,他不能来参加我的生日晚会。
It is quite clear that the whle prject is dmed t failure.
很清楚,整个计划注定要失败。
It is knwn t us hw he became a writer.
我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。
It happened that I didnt take any mney with me.
碰巧我身上没带钱。
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二、宾语从句
用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句,在句中可以作及物动词或介词的宾语。由连接词that引导宾语从句时,that在句中不担任任何成分,在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去,但若从句是并列句时,第二个及后面分句前的that不可以省略。宾语从句要使用陈述语序。
The reprt shws (that) we are making sme prgress but that we need t make grater effrts.
这份报告表明我们正在取得一些进步,但还需要作出更大的努力。
I want t knw what he has tld yu.
我想知道他告诉了你什么。
She always thinks f hw she can wrk well.
她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。
She will give whever needs help a warm supprt.
凡是需要帮助的人,她都会给予热情的支持。
注意:如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语,则要用it作形式宾语,而将宾语从句后置。
He has made it clear that he will nt give in.
他清楚地表明他不会屈服。
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三、表语从句
在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句,表语从句位于连系动词之后。
The fact is that we have lst the game.
事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。
That’s just what I want.
这正是我想要的。
This is where ur prblem lies.
这就是我们的问题所在。
It lks as if it is ging t rain.
看上去要下雨了。
需要注意的是,当主语是reasn时,表语从句要用that引导而不是because。
The reasn why he was late was that he gt caught in a traffic jam n the way.
他迟到的原因是在路上遇到了交通堵塞。
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四、同位语从句
同位语从句跟在一个名词之后,对该名词的具体内容作进一步解释说明。后跟同位语从句的常见名词有:advice, demand, dubt, fact, hpe, idea, infrmatin, message, news, rder, prblem, prmise, questin, request, suggestin, truth, wish, wrd等。
The news that we wn the game is exciting.
我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。
I have n idea when he will cme back hme.
我不知道他什么时候回来。
The thught came t him that Mary had prbably fallen ill.
他想到玛丽可能生病了。
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五、注意以下几个问题:
1. whether与if
都可当“是否”讲时,在下列情况下一般用whether,不用if:
1) 引导主语从句并在句首时;
2) 引导表语从句时;
3) 引导从句作介词宾语时;
4) 从句后有“r nt”时;
5) 引导同位语从句时;
6) 后接动词不定式时。
Whether there is life n the mn is an interesting questin.
月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。
The questin is whether she will accept ur ffer.
问题是她是否会接受我们的提议。
Everything depends n whether we have enugh mney.
一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。
I cant decide whether t stay.
我不能决定是否留下。
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2. that引导同位语从句和引导定语从句的区别
that引导定语从句时,充当句子成分,具有双重作用,在从句中作宾语时可以省略; that引导同位语从句时,只起连接作用,没有词汇意义,不充当句子成分,一般不能省略。
试比较下面两个例句:
I had n idea that yu were here.(that引导同位语从句,不能省略)
我不知道你在这里。
Have yu gt the idea(that)this bk gives yu f life in ancient Greece?(that引导定语从句,作宾语,可以省略)
你通过这本书对古希腊人的生活了解了吗?
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例1:We shuld cnsider the students’ request the schl library prvide mre bks n ppular science.(2009?重庆)
A. that B. when C. which D. where
解析:选A。that引导的从句作request的同位语,起解释说明的作用。
例2:Many yung peple in the West are expected t leave culd be life’s mst imprtant decisin-marriage-almst entirely up t luck.(2009?江苏)
A. As B. that C. which D. what
解析:选D。只有what能引导宾语从句,并且在从句中作主语。
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例3:The little girl wh gt lst decided t remain she was and wait fr her mther.(2009?山东)
A. where B. what C. hw D. wh
解析:选A。remain是系动词,后接表语从句,由句意可知,从句缺地点状语,故选A。
例4:She is very dear t us. We have been prepared t d it takes t save her life.(2009?湖南)
A. whichever B. hwever
C. whatever D. whever
解析:选C。空格处既要引导宾语从句,又要在从句中充当take的宾语。句意为:她对我们来说非常宝贵,我们要不惜一切代价来拯救她的生命。
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例5:The fact has wrried many scientists the earth is becming warmer and warmer these years.(2009?江西)
A. What B. which C. that D. thugh
解析:选C。考查间隔式同位语从句的用法。先行词the fact 和that引导的同位语从句中间隔了谓语部分。
例6:The hw-t bk can be f help t wants t d the jb.(2009?陕西)
A. wh B. whmever
C. n matter wh D. whever
解析:选D。whever引导的从句作t的宾语,又在从句中作主语。whever作代词,相当于any persn wh,表示“任何人,无论谁”。
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例7:As a new diplmat, he ften thinks f he can react mre apprpriately n such ccasins.(2009?上海)
A. what B. which C. that D. hw
解析:选D。hw引导的从句作介词f的宾语,并在从句中作方式状语。
例8:News came frm the schl ffice Wang Lin had been admitted t Beijing University.(2009?四川)
A. which B. what C. that D. where
解析:选C。在该题中that引导了一个同位语从句,来解释说明news的内容,该题把同位语从句后置了,应注意分析句子结构。
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例9:It is bvius t the students they shuld get well prepared fr their future.(2009?天津)
A. as B. which C. whether D. that
解析:选D。that引导主语从句,It为形式主语。
例10:—Is there any pssibility yu culd pick me up at the airprt?
—N prblem.(2009?浙江)
A. When B. that C. whether D. what
解析:选B。that引导同位语从句,对pssibility作进一步解释说明。
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定语从句是中学英语学习的主要语法内容之一,也是高考英语的常考知识点。在历年的高考试题中,相对集中地考查了非限制性定语从句、关系代(副)词的用法、语义重复、主谓一致及“介词+which(whm)”等有关定语从句的知识。
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定语从句常见考点
一、非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句是高考试题中出现频率最高的考点。
1.引导非限制性定语从句时,可以用引导词which(但不可以用that)。
She heard the terrible nise , brught her heart int her muth.
A.it B.which C.this D.that
解析:选B。which指代前面的先行词nise,引导非限制性定语从句,并在从句中作主语。
2.有时引导词which可以指代前面整个句子的含义。
Drthy was always speaking highly f her rle in the play, ,f curse, made the thers unhappy.
A.wh B.which C.this D.what
解析:选B。which在句中引导非限制性定语从句,指代前面整个句子的内容。
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3.除which外,还可用when,where,wh(m)等关系代、副词引导非限制性定语从句。
Finally I decided t stay in Chng qing, where I finished my cllege study.
最终,我决定留在重庆,在那我完成了大学生活。
4.在限制性定语从句中,关系代词作宾语时可以省略,但引导非限制性定语从句的连词不能省略。
He was eager t g t the hspital t see his stepmther,whm he lved as his wn mther.
他急切地想去医院看望他的继母,他像爱自己亲妈妈一样爱她。
5.置于句首时,非限制性定语从句只能用as引导,而置于句中、末时as和which都可以用。
is knwn t all,China will be an and pwerful cuntry in 20 r 30 years time.
A.That; advancing B.This; advanced C.As; advanced D.It; advancing
解析:选C。as引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作主语,指代后一句内容。但是当非限制性定语从句表示否定意义时,只能用which引导。
The weather turned ut t be very gd, was mre than we culd expect.
A.What B.which C.that D.if
解析:选B。句中mre than的本意为“超过”,“超过了我的预料”即为:“我没有预料到”。这里不能用as代替which。
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二、先行词是表示地点或时间的名词时,引导词的选择
After living in Paris fr 50 years he returned t the small twn he grew up as a child.
A.Which B.where C.that D.when
解析:选B。因为表示地点的先行词the small twn在从句中作状语,故用where引导定语从句。
I visited the cuntry had been bmbed by the US-led NATO(美国为首的北约)a mnth befre.
A. Where B. that C. / D. as
解析:选B。当表示地点的先行词在从句中作主、宾、表语时,则要用that或which引导定语从句。
I shall never frget the years I lived in the cuntryside with the farmers , has a great effect n my life.
A.that;which B.when;which C.which;that D.when;wh
解析:选B。先行词the years在句中作时间状语,which引导非限制性定语从句,指代前面整个句子。
I’ll never frget the years I spent with my cusin in Australia.
A. When B. that C. wh D. as
解析:选B。the years在句中作spent的宾语,此时引导词 that /which可以省略。
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三、“介词+关系代词(which /whm)”引导的定语从句
In the ffice I never seem t have time until after 5:30 pm ,many peple have gne hme.
A.whse time B.that C.n which D.by which time
解析:选D。by which time即:by“after 5:30”(到五点三十分以后)。介词的选择,取决于这个介词与先行词或从句之间的关系。又如: Lei Feng, frm whm we have nce learned a lt,is nw an example t the sldiers f West Pint Military Schl(西点军校)f America. 关系代词前面的介词frm,与从句中的谓语动词learn构成习惯表达learn frm(向……学习)。
四、语义的重复
He made anther wnderful discvery, f great imprtance t science.
A.which I think is B.which I think it is
C.which I think it D.I think is
解析:选A。选项B重复了宾语it,因为关系代词which是think的逻辑宾语;此外,引导非限制性定语从句的连词不能省略,故选项D也不正确。
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五、“介词+whm”引导的定语从句与 wh /whm引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时的区别
试比较:
It was a matter f wuld take the psitin.
A.Wh B.whever C.whm D.whmever
Kennedy and Jhnsn,bth f were murdered in their terms,nce cwrked as president and vice-president.
解析:分别选A,C。前一例是宾语从句, wh引导的整个宾语从句作介词f的宾语,同时wh在从句中作主语,所以不能用 whm引导。后一例是定语从句,whm作介词 f的宾语(所以不能用wh引导),构成介、宾结构,作bth的定语,而bth才是定语从句的主语。
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六、定语从句中的主谓一致问题
试比较:
The Oscar is the nly ne f the film prizes ffered t any Chinese actr r actress by far.
A. which is n B. that have nt been
C. that has nt D. that has nt been
The Oscar is ne f the film prizes ffered t any Chinese actr r actress by far.
A.which is n B.that have nt been
C.that has nt D.that has nt been
解析:分别选D,B。前一例的先行词是 the nly ne,且指代它的引导词在从句中作主语,故从句的谓语动词必须用单数;又因为先行词ne被nly修饰,所以只能用that引导。当ne没有被the nly或the very等修饰时,则介词f后面的the film prizes是先行词,从句中的谓语动词就必须用复数,而且引导词既可以用that也可以用which(第二例)。总之,当引导词在句子中作主语时,谓语动词的单、复数形式应该与该主语保持一致。
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定语从句难点分析
定语从句是高中阶段的重点语法项目之一。因此,有必要全面弄清其用法。定语从句从句型上讲,它与以下六种句式相似,十分容易混淆。为了分清定语从句与这六种句型的差异,现将其分类例析如下:
一、定语从句与并列句
用一个恰当的单词完成下列句子,使之完整与正确。
①Mr Li has three daughters,nne f is an engineer.
②Mr Li has three daughters,but nne f is a dancer.
③Mr Li has three daughters; are dctrs.
定语从句与并列句的主要区别在于:并列句有and,but,s等并列连词或两个句子用分号连接,这时就不能再用引导定语从句的关系词了。从结构上看,①小题是定语从句,故填whm;②小题有并列连词but,是并列句,故填代词 them;③小题是两个并列分句,无需连接词,缺少主语,故填nne或they。
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二、定语从句与地点状语从句
用一个恰当的单词完成下列句子,使之完整与正确。
①Rice desnt grw well there is nt enugh water.
②I still remember the farm my parents wrked ten years ag.
定语从句与地点状语从句的主要区别在于:定语从句有表示地点的先行词,而地点状语从句则没有;定语从句的关系词根据需要可以用“介词+which”来代替where,而地点状语从句则通常只能由 where引导。因此,从结构上看,①小题无表示地点的先行词,故为表示地点的状语从句,填where;②小题中the farm是先行词,是定语从句,故填where,此处的where可以用n which替换。
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三、定语从句与强调句
用一个恰当的单词完成下列句子,使之完整与正确。
①It is n the mrning f May 1st I met Liang Wei at the airprt.
②It is the factry Mr Wang wrks.
定语从句与强调句的主要区别在于:强调句的结构为“It is/was+被强调部分+that+从句”。被强调部分可以是除谓语以外的任何成分,当被强调部分是人时,还可用wh代替that。在这个句型中,一定不能因为被强调部分是表示时间或地点的词就用when或where代替 that。从结构上看,①小题是强调句,故填 that。此种情况检测的标准是:先把强调句中的It is/was that去掉,再把被强调部分还原,在不增加或减少任何单词的情况下,如果句子仍然成立则为强调句,否则为定语从句。将第①小题改为:I met Liang Wei n the mrning f May 1st at the airprt.显然,这句话是正确的,故为强调句。②小题则是定语从句,用上述方法转换便知the factry前缺少一个介词in,故填 where。
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四、定语从句与结果状语从句
用一个恰当的单词完成下列句子,使之完整与正确。
①I have the same cmputer yu have.
②She is such a kind and funny girl all f us like t make friends with her.
定语从句与结果状语从句的主要区别在于(这里只讨论the same 和such 两种情况):在这两种情况下,如果as/that既引导从句,同时又在从句中充当一定的成分,则as/that引导的是定语从句。在the 结构中,用as指同样的,但不是同一个事物;用that指同一物品,故①小题填as;如果as/that在从句中不作任何成分,只起连接作用,则as/that引导的是结果状语从句,故②小题填that。
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五、定语从句与习惯句型
用一个恰当的单词完成下列句子,使之完整与正确。
①It is the first time she has been t Shanghai.
②It was the time Chinese peple had a hard life.
这里①小题是一个习惯句型,其结构为:It is/was the first/secnd ... time +that从句。故①小题填that。句意为:这是她第一次来到上海。②小题的the time是先行词,其后是表示时间的定语从句,故填 when。
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六、定语从句与简单句
用一个恰当的单词完成下列句子,使之完整与正确。
①The mther tld the lazy by t wrk, didn’t help.
②The mther tld the lazy by t wrk. didn’t help.
含有定语从句的复合句与简单句的主要区别在于:前者有主句,有从句,必须有关系词;而后者则是两个单独的句子,不需要任何关联词。①小题两个句子用逗号连接且没有并列连词,显然应该是主从句关系,因此需用关系词which引导,前面整个句子作先行词;②小题则填It,代替前面的整个句子。解题时,要注意标点符号的运用。
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例1:Whenever I met her, was fairly ften,she greeted me with a sweet smile.(2009·山东)
A.wh B.which C.when D.that
解析:选B。考查非限制性定语从句。which引导非限制性定语从句,指代后面的整个句子,而that不能引导非限制性定语从句,所以选B项。
例2:She brught with her three friends,nne f I had ever met befre. (2009·宁夏、海南)
A.them B.wh C.whm D.these
解析:选C。考查定语从句的关系代词。根据句中的标点符号可知,本句后一部分是一个非限制性定语从句,故排除不能引导定语从句的选项A和D,又因关系代词在从句中指代人,作介词f的宾语,因此选C项。
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例3:Because f the financial crisis,days are gne lcal 5-star htels charged 6000 yuan fr ne night. (2009?江苏)
A.if B.when C.which D.since
解析:选B。考查定语从句。先行词在后面的定语从句中作时间状语,所以选B项。
例4:A persn e-mail accunt is full wn’t be able t send r receive any e-mails.(2009?天津)
A.Wh B.whm C.whse D.whever
解析:选C。考查定语从句。whse引导的定语从句修饰前面的persn,表示所有格,所以选C项。
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例5:They have wn their last three matches, I find a bit surprising actually. (2009?辽宁)
A.that B.when C.what D.which
解析:选D。考查定语从句。根据句子结构判断,句子的后半句是非限制性定语从句,所以首先排除A、C两项,又因为这里的关系代词代指前面分句的情况,并在从句中作find的宾语,所以选D项。
例6:I have reached a pint in my life I am suppsed t make decisins f my wn. (2009?浙江)
A.which B.where C.hw D.why
解析:选B。考查定语从句。句意为:我已经到了人生中的一个关键地步,我应该做出自己的决定。where在此处引导定语从句,修饰a pint,在从句中作状语,所以选B项。
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例7:It’s helpful t put children in a situatin they can see themselves differently.(2009?福建)
A.that B.when C.which D.where
解析:选D。考查定语从句。a situatin后面的从句对其起修饰作用,为定语从句。而从句中不缺少代词性成分,不能用关系代词which/that。从句中缺少表示地点的副词性成分,所以选D项。
例8:Many children, parents are away wrking in big cities,are taken gd care f in the village. (2009?安徽)
A.their B.whse C.f them D.with whm
解析:选B。考查定语从句连词的用法。用whse引导定语从句,修饰many children, whse在定语从句中充当定语。句意为:许多父母远在大城市工作,他们的孩子在这个村子得到了很好的照顾。
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例9:—What d yu think f teaching,Bb?
—I find it fun and challenging.It is a jb yu are ding smething serius but interesting.(2009?北京)
A.where B.which C.when D.that
解析:选A。考查定语从句。句意为:——鲍勃,你认为教学怎么样?——有趣又富有挑战性。这是一份既严肃又有趣的工作。where引导后面的定语从句说明a jb是一种什么样的形式或者状况,因此选A项。
例10:I was brn in New Orleans, Luisiana, a city name will create a picture f beautiful trees and green grass in ur mind.(2009?湖南)
A.Which B.f which C.that D.whse
解析:选D。分析句式结构可知,空格处在句中作定语修饰name,其先行词是a city, 所以用whse引导定语从句。如果用which,需使用the name f which的结构。
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状语从句在高考试题中由于其他从句的干扰,以及倒装句,强调句的介入,使得状语从句更为复杂。状语从句是一种副词性从句,通常由一个从属连词或一个起连词作用的词组引导。
状语从句
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1. 时间状语从句
常见的连词(组):
when, while, as, befre, after, nce, till, until, as sn as, nw that, hardly , scarcely , n sner 等。
可以引导时间状语从句的副(介)词(短语)或名词短语:
directly, instantly, immediately, by the time, the mment, the secnd, the minute, the instant, every time, each time, next time, the last time等。
注意点如下:
(1) when, while, as引导的时间状语从句
as表示“当……的时候”,往往和when/ while通用,但它着重强调主句与从句的动作或事情同时或几乎同时发生。when(at r during the time)既可以表示在某一点的时候,又可以表示在某一段时间内,主句与从句的动作或事情可以同时发生也可以先后发生。while强调一段时间,仅表示从句和主句的动作同时发生,并且有延续意义,该从句中的动词一般要用延续性动词,从句中常用过去进行时态或一般过去时态;当when表示a perid f time时,两者可以互换。
She came up as I was cking.(同时)
在我做饭时,她走了过来。
When we were at schl, we went t the library every day.(在一段时间内)
当我们在学校时,每天都去图书馆。
While they were watching TV, I was preparing myself fr the cming examinatin.
他们在看电视,而我在为即将到来的考试做准备。
Strike while the irn is ht. 趁热打铁。 ( 不可用as或when,这里的while意思是“趁……”)
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(2) befre引导状语从句时的常见重点句型
①It will (nt) be ...
还要……才,要不了多久就……
It was (nt) ... 过了……才(没多久就……)
It was a lng time befre I gt t sleep.
过了好长时间我才睡着了。
It wasnt lng befre he tld me abut the news.
没多久他就告诉了我那条新闻。
② 不等……就……; 在……之前就……
The telephne rang ff befre I culd answer it.
我还没来得及接电话,电话就挂断了。
③ 刚……就……
He hardly entered the rm befre he heard the telephne ring.
他刚进屋电话铃就响了。
④ 先……再……
Yu can have a few days t think abut it befre yu make yur decisin.
做决定之前你还有几天时间考虑。
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(3)since 引导的从句用延续性动词的过去式(包括过去完成时)时,则从句的动作已经结束,从句意思是否定的。如果从句的动词是延续性动词的现在完成时态,则从句意思是肯定的。
He has never been t see me since I was ill.
我病愈后,他一直未来看我。(不再生病了)
He has never been t see me since I have been ill.
我病了,他一直未来看我。
I havent heard frm him since he lived here.
自他从这里搬走,我就没有收到他的信。(不住在这儿了)
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(4) till, until
如果till与until用在肯定句中时,则主句中谓语动词部分所表示的动作或状态一直延续到某时或某个动作发生时才结束。注意它的倒装句和强调句。
I didnt recgnize she was my classmate until she tk ff her dark glasses.
=Nt until she tk ff her dark glasses did I recgnise she was my classmate
=It was nt until she tk ff her dark glasses that I recgnised she was my classmate.
直到她摘下墨镜,我才认出她是我的同学。
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2. 原因状语从句
引导原因状语从句的常见连词或短语:as, because, since, nw that, cnsidering that, seeing that(鉴于……)。注意以下几点:
(1) because, since, as, fr, nw that
because语气最强,用于回答why的提问,可与强调词nly, just 以及否定词nt 连用。但不可以与s连用。
since 引导的从句语气次于because引导的从句,常表示稍加分析后而推断出的原因,或指人们已知的事实,比as正式一些,常置于句首。
as 语气最弱,其原因只是对结果的附带说明,一般放在句首。
fr虽然解释为“因为”但只是一个并列连词,它也常引导句子表示原因,但不是原因状语从句,它是一个并列句。fr所提供的理由是一种补充性的说明,表示推测的理由。
nw that意为“既然,由于”。表示由于人们已知的事实或正在发生的事而产生某个结果。
He failed because he was careless.他因粗心而失败了。
Since everyne has cme, lets begin ur meeting.
既然大家都来了,我们开会吧。
As all the seats were full, he std there.
所有的座位都满了,他只好站那儿。
It might have rained last night fr the grund is wet.
昨晚可能下雨了,因为地面是湿的。
Nw that the kids have left hme we have a lt f extra space.
由于孩子们离开了家,所以我们有了额外的空间。
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3. 地点状语从句
地点状语从句常由下列连词引导:where, wherever等。
Yu may find him where his brther lives.
你可能会在他哥哥居住的地方找到他。
Yu are free t g wherever yu like.
你可以去你想要去的任何地方。
Anywhere he went, he gt warm welcme.
无论他走到哪儿,都受到热烈欢迎。
The girl takes the dll with her everywhere she ges.
这个女孩无论去哪都带着她的布娃娃。
Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成。
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4. 结果状语从句
结果状语从句常由下列连词引导:s ,such ,s that等。要注意以下几个问题:
(1) 五种结构:
① s+adj./adv.+that ...
② such (a/an+adj.)+n.+that ...
③ s+adj.+a/an+n.+that=such a/an+adj.+n.+that ...
④ s many/much/few/little(少)+n.+that ...
⑤ such+(adj.) +n. (u/pl.)+ that
He spke s fast that I culdnt fllw him.
他说的如此的快,我跟不上他。
It was such a lvely day / s lvely a day that we all went swimming.
今天天气如此的好,我们大家都去游泳了。
(2) s或such置于句首时,主句常用倒装。
It was such a lvely day / s lvely a day that we all went swimming.
=Such a lvely day was it that we all went swimming.
今天天气如此的好,我们大家都去游泳了。
(3)注意以上结构与定语从句s/such 的区别。
This is such an interesting/s interesting a film that everyne wants t see it.
这是一部很有趣的电影以至于每个人都想去看。
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5. 目的状语从句
目的状语从句由下列连词引导:s that, in rder that, fr fear that, in case等。(注:s that也可用来引导结果状语从句)
s that, in rder that引导的目的状语从句中常需用情态动词。
s that引导的目的状语从句只能放在主句之后。
in rder that 引导的目的状语从句可以放在主句之前或之后。
We set ut early s that we culd see the sunrise.
我们很早出发以便能看到日出。
He sent the letter by air mail s that it might reach them in time.
他空邮这封信以便他们能及时收到。
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6. 条件状语从句
条件状语从句分为真实条件句和非真实条件句(用在虚拟语气中)。注意:在真实条件句中,常用一般时态代替将来时。常由下列连词引导条件状语从句:if, unless, suppse, suppsing, prviding (that), prvided (that), given (that), in case, n cnditin that, as lng as, s lng as, s far as等。
(1) unless=if nt
Yu will fail unless yu study hard.
除非你努力,否则你就要失败。
(2) suppse, suppsing, prviding(that), prvided(that), given(that)= if
Given that he supprts us, well win the electin.
如果他支持我们,我们就会赢得选举。
(3)n cnditin that, as lng as, s lng as = nly if
As lng as yu dnt lse heart, yu will succeed.
只要你不灰心,你就会成功。
(4) as(s) far as ...
S far as I am cncerned, Im in favur f “mercy killing”.
就我个人而言, 我支持安乐死。
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7. 让步状语从句
引导让步状语从句的连词:althugh, thugh, as, even if, even thugh,while, whether , whever, whatever, hwever, n matter+疑问词等。注意以下几点:
(1) althugh, thugh引导让步状语从句时,主句前不能用but,但可以加yet, still。
Thugh it was raining hard, yet they didnt stp wrking.
尽管下着大雨,他们仍然在工作。
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(2) as引导让步状语从句时,必须用前置结构,通常是从句中的表语、状语或动词原形放在句首,放在句首的名词前的冠词要去掉。
Thugh he is a child, he knws a lt.=Child as(thugh)he is, he knws a lt.
尽管他是个孩子,但他仍知道的很多。(注意:在child前不要用冠词)
Thugh I like it very much, I wnt buy it.=Much as I like it, I wnt buy it.
尽管我非常喜欢它,但我也不会买它。
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(3)whether (nt ) 引导的从句,提供两个对比的“尽管”情况,含有条件意味。
(Whether yu)Believe it r nt, it is true.
信不信由你,这是真的。
Whether yu cme here r we g there, the tpic f discussin will remain unchanged.
不管是你来这儿还是我们去那儿,讨论的主题保持不变。
(4) 疑问词+ever=n matter +疑问词
Whever yu are, yu must shw yur pass.
无论你是谁,你都必须出示你的通行证。
Whenever yu cme, yu are welcme.
无论你什么时候来,都欢迎。
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8. 方式状语从句
引导方式状语从句的连词或短语:as, as if, as thugh,the way等。注意以下几点:
(1) as引导方式状语从句时意为“按照”,“如同”,前面常用加强语气。
I did it just as yu tld me.
= I did it just as tld t.
我是按照你的吩咐做的。
He didnt win the match as expected.
他没有像预料的那样赢得比赛。
(2) as if和as thugh 引导的从句中,谓语常用虚拟语气,有时也用陈述语气。
It seems as if it were ging t rain.
天似乎要下雨了。
(3)连词while 和whereas 可以表示对比。
Whereas he is rather lazy, she is quite energetic.
她相当的有活力,而他却很懒惰。
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注意:状语从句中的省略现象
(1) 连接词+过去分词
Unless repaired, the washing machine is n use.
除非洗衣机被修好了,否则它就没用了。
(2) 连词+现在分词
Lk ut while crssing the street.
过马路时,要小心。
(3)连词+形容词/其他
常见的有if necessary,if pssible,when necessary,if any等。
(4) 比较状语从句中的省略
He arrived hme half an hur earlier than (he had been) expected.
他比预想的早到家半个小时。
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例1:My parents dn’t mind what jb I d I am happy.(2009?陕西)
A. even thugh B. as sn as
C. as lng as D. as thugh
解析:选C。考查状语从句。根据题干意思可知,此处是条件状语从句。as lng as只要;even thugh引导让步状语从句,意为“即使”;as sn as引导时间状语从句,意为“一……就……”;as thugh引导方式状语从句,意为“仿佛,好象”。
Page N.1454
例2:—Shall we have ur picnic tmrrw?
— it desn’t rain. (2009?山东)
A. Until B. While C. Once D. If
解析:选D。考查交际用语。答句句意为:如果明天不下雨的话。
例3:She had just finished her hmewrk her mther asked her t practise playing the pian yesterday.(2009?福建)
A. when B. while C. after D. since
解析:选A。考查状语从句。由句意可知,此处when用作并列连词,意为“这时”。
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例4:Yud better nt leave the medicine kids can get at it.(2008?山东)
A.even if B.which C.where D.s that
解析:选C。句意为:你最好不要把药放在小孩子够得着的地方。where引导地点状语从句。even if 即使;which不引导状语从句;s that 为了;以至于;引导目的或结果状语从句。
例5:There were sme chairs left ver everyne had sat dwn.(2008?四川)
A. when B. until C. that D. where
解析:选A。句意为:大家都坐下之后,还有一些椅子空着。when 当……时候,引导时间状语从句,符合题意。until 直到,引导时间状语从句,但与题意不符;that不引导状语从句;where引导地点状语从句。
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例6:Occasins are quite rare I have the time t spend a day with my kids.(2008?山东)
A.wh B.which C.why D.when
解析:选D。句意为:我很少有机会和孩子在一起待上一天的时间。when在此处引导定语从句,修饰先行词ccasins(机会),并在从句中作时间状语。wh和which是关系代词,定语从句中不缺少主语、宾语、表语,故排除;why引导定语从句时表示原因,与题意不符。
例7:Tmrrw is Tm’s birthday.Have yu gt any idea the party is t be held?(2008?陕西)
A. what B.which C.that D.where
解析:选D。句意为:明天就是汤姆的生日了,你知道生日聚会在什么地方进行吗?idea后的部分是同位语从句,说明idea的内容;根据题意判断用where引导。
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例8:The last time we had great fun was we were visiting the Water Park.(2008?天津)
A. Where B.hw C. when D.why
解析:选C。句意为:我们最后一次玩得很痛快是在游览水上公园时。was后的部分是一个表语从句,从句中缺少状语,根据题意判断用when引导。
例9:Dn’t prmise anything yu are ne hundred percent sure.(2008?浙江)
A. whether B. after
C. hw D. unless
解析:选D。句意为:不要承诺什么,除非你有百分之百的把握。unless 如果不,除非;符合题意。whether 是否;after ……之后;hw 如何。
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例10: well prepared yu are, yu still need a lt f luck in muntain climbing.(2008·上海)
A. Hwever B. Whatever
C. N matter D. Althugh
解析:选A。考查hwever 的用法。hwever相当于n matter hw, 但n matter不能单独使用;句中的well是副词,所以用hwever而不用whatever修饰;althugh引导的让步状语从句不倒装。
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在英语中,谓语动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致,这就是所谓的“主谓一致”。寻其规律,大致可归纳为语法一致原则,逻辑意义一致原则,就近一致原则。下面就这三个原则分别论述如下:
主谓一致
Page N.1460
一、语法一致原则
语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语单、复数形式上保持一致。
1. 以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式;主语为复数时,谓语动词用复数形式。
What she said is very imprtant fr us all.
她的话对我们都很重要。
Between the tw hills stands a mnument.
这座纪念碑矗立在两座小山之间。
另外,由what 引导的主语从句,后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式,但若表语是复数或what 从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时,主句的谓语动词用复数形式。
What I bught were three English bks.
我买的东西是三本英语书。
What I say and d is (are) helpful fr yu.
我所说的所做的对你是有帮助的。
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2. 由连接词and或连接起来的合成主语后面,要用复数形式的谓语动词。
The by and the girl were surprised when they heard the news.
当他们听到这个消息后,都惊呆了。
①若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时,它后面的谓语动词应用单数形式。
Our teacher and friend is Mr. Li.
李老师既是我们的老师又是我们的朋友。
②由and 连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有 n, each, every, 或mre than a(an)/ne, many a (an)修饰时, 其谓语动词要用单数形式。
Many a wrker and engineer has succeeded in the experiment.
在这次试验中,许多工人和工程师取得了成功。
Mre than ne student is here.
不只一个学生在这儿。
Each pen and each paper is fund in its place.
纸和笔散落一地。
注意:如果是mre+名词的复数+than ne这一结构时,后面的谓语动词要用复数形式。
Mre students than ne are here.
很多学生都在这儿。
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3. 主语为单数名词或代词,尽管后面跟有 with, tgether with, except, but, like, as well as, n less than, rather than, besides, alng with, including, in additin t 等引起的短语,谓语动词仍用单数形式;若主语为复数,谓语动词用复数形式。
E-mail, as well as telephne, is playing an imprtant part in daily cmmunicatin.
邮件和电话在日常交往中起着重要的作用。
Mr. Green, tgether with a baby was n the bus.
格林先生和一个孩子在车上。
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4. either, neither, each, every 或n+单数名词和由sme, any, n, every构成的复合不定代词作主语时,谓语用单数。
Everything arund us is matter.
一切都由物质构成。
注意:①在口语中当either或neither 后跟有“f +复数名词(或代词)”作主语时,其谓语动词也可用复数。
Neither f the texts is(are)interesting.
两篇课文没有一篇令人感兴趣。
②若nne f 后面的名词是不可数名词,它的谓语动词就要用单数;若它后面的名词是复数,它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。
Nne f us has (have) been t America.
我们都没有去过美国。
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5. 如果集体名词指的是整个集体,它的谓语动词用单数形式;如果它指的集体的成员,其谓语动词用复数形式。peple, plice, cattle, militia, pultry等名词都多用作复数。
The plice are lking fr the lst child.
警察正在寻找那个失踪的孩子。
而有些集体名词如family, class, crwd, cmmittee, ppulatin, audience 等有时作单数看待,有时作复数看待,主要根据意思来确定。
My family was here tw years ag.
两年前,我家搬到了这儿。
My family arent enjying music.
我们家人都不喜欢音乐。
Class Fur are unable t agree upn a mnitr.
四班的同学就班长人选未达成一致。
Class 4 is n the third flr.
四班在三楼。
Page N.1465
6. 由“a lt f, lts f, plenty f, a (large) quantity f, the rest f+名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语时,其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。
Three furths f the surface f the earth is sea.
地球表面的34是由水覆盖。
50 percent f the students in ur class are girls.
我班50%的学生是女孩。
此外,还有“a number f +复数名词”作主语时,谓语用复数,但“the number f +复数名词”作主语时,谓语用单数。
The number f peple invited was fifty, but a number f them were absent fr different reasns.
邀请了50人但一些因不同原因缺席。
但是large quantities f和large amunts f引导的短语作主语时,谓 语动词要用复数。
Large quantities f mney were spent n the bridge.
建这座大桥花了很多钱。
Page N.1466
7. 如果主语是由“a kind f, a series(a species) f等+名词”构成,谓语动词通常用单数形式。
Is this kind f bicycle made in Shanghai?
这种自行车是由上海制造的吗?
但是bicycles f this kind 或these kinds f bicycles作主语时后面的谓语动词要用复数形式。
Bks f this kind sell well.
这种书销售的好。
如果种类不是一种而是多种,谓语动词应为复数。
There are many kinds f pears.
梨有很多种。
Page N.1467
二、逻辑意义一致原则
意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致。(因有时主语形式为单数,但意义为复数;有时形式为复数,但意义为单数)
1.what, wh, which, any, mre, mst, all等代词可以是单数,也可是复数,主要靠意思来决定。
Are any f yu gd at English?
你们都擅长英语吗?
All that can be dne has been dne.
该做的都做了。
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2.表示“时间、重量、长度、价值”等的名词的复数作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式,这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体。
Thirty minutes is enugh fr the wrk.
这活三十分钟足够了。
3.若主语是书名、影片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式,其谓语动词通常用单数形式。
The United States is smaller than China.
美国比中国小。
4.表示数量的短语“ne and a half ”后边接复数名词作主语时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。
One and a half apples is left n the table.
桌子上有一个半苹果。
Page N.1469
5.算式中表示数目(字)的主语通常作单数看待,其谓语动词常用单数形式。
Fifty-six divided by eight is seven.
56除以8等于7。
6.一些以 -ics结尾的学科名词如mathematics, plitics, physics 等, 都是形式上的复数名词,实际上却为不可数名词,它们作主语时,其谓语动词常用单数形式。
I dn’t think physics is easy t study.
我认为物理难学。
7.复数形式的单、复数同形的名词作主语时,谓语动词的形式主要取决于句子的意思。谓语动词用单数,表示单数概念;谓语动词用复数,表示复数概念。这类名词主要有means(方式、方法), wrks(工厂), species(种类)等。
Every means was tried t make him give up smking.
试了每种方法让他戒烟。
All pssible means have been tried t make him give up smking.
所有可能的方法都试了让他戒烟。
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8.trusers, glasses, clthes, shes, scissrs(剪刀)等词作主语时,谓语用复数,但如果这些名词前有a (the)pair f等量词修饰时(clthes被a suit f修饰),谓语动词用单数。
The pair f shes under the bed is his.
床下面的那双鞋子是他的。
The tw pairs f trusers are brken.
两条裤子都破了。
9.“定冠词the +形容词或过去分词”,表示某一类人时,谓语动词用复数;若表示某一类东西时,谓语动词用单数。
The ld are taken gd care f there.
在那儿,老人们受到很好的照顾。
The beautiful gives pleasure t all.
美好的事情令人愉悦。
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三、就近一致原则
1.当两个主语由either , neither , nt als..., 连接时,谓语动词和邻近的主语保持一致。
Either the teacher r the students are ur friends.
不论老师还是学生都是我们的朋友。
Neither they nr he is whlly right.
无论他们还是他都是错误的。
2.there be句型中,be动词的单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语,则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。
There are tw chairs and a desk in the rm.
房间里有两把椅子和一张桌子。
There is a desk and tw chairs in the rm.
房间里有一张桌子和两把椅子。
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例1:The teacher tgether with the students discussing Reading Skills that newly published in America.
(2009?四川)
A. are; were B. is; were C. are; was D. is; was
解析:选D。句中的谓语动词要与tgether with前面的主语the teacher(第三人称单数)一致;Reading Skills是书名,属于单数。
例2:The ppulatin f Jiangsu t mre than twice what it was in 1949. The figure is nw appraching 74 millin. (2009?江苏)
A. has grwn B. have grwn
C. grew D. are grwing
解析:选A。从后面的is nw appraching 74 millin判断出时态应该用完成时态。又因为ppulatin作主语时谓语动词应该用单数,所以答案为A项。
Page N.1473
例3:Dr. Smith, tgether with his wife and daughters, visit Beijing this summer. (2009?陕西)
A. is ging t B. are ging t
C. was ging t D. were ging t
解析:选A。tgether with前面的主语是第三人称单数,再由句子结构及句意可知,应该是一般将来时态。
例4:Either yu r ne f yur students t attend the meeting that is due tmrrw. (2009?湖南)
A. are B. is C. have D. be
解析:选B。句子的谓语动词应该与either 后面的名词ne f yur students一致,所以谓语动词应该为第三人称单数形式。
Page N.1474
例5:At present, ne f the arguments in favr f the new airprt that it will bring a lt f jbs t the area. (2009?江西)
A. is B. are C. will be D. was
解析:选A。句子的主语为ne f the arguments为单数,所以句子的谓语动词形式应该是第三人称单数,再由“it will ...”可知,选A。
例6:The number f freign students attending Chinese universities rising steadily since 1997. (2009?山东)
A. is B. are C. has been D. have been
解析:选C。句子的主语是“the number f+n.”,所以谓语动词应该用第三人称单数形式,又因为句中的时间状语引导词since“自从”,所以应该用现在完成时态。
Page N.1475
例7:—Did yu g t the shw last night?
—Yeah. Every by and girl in the area invited.(2008?陕西)
A. were B. have been C. has been D. was
解析:选D。由and连接的主语如果由every修饰时, 其谓语动词要用单数形式。
例8:Prfessr James will give us a lecture n the Western culture, but when and where yet.
(2007?浙江)
A. hasnt been decided B. haven’t decided
C. isnt being decided D. aren’t decided
解析:选A。因为主语是when and where,所以谓语动词应该用第三人称单数形式,又根据句子中的yet判断,应该为现在完成时态。
Page N.1476
例9:We live day by day, but in the great things, the time f days and weeks s small that a day is unimprtant.(2007?湖南)
A. Is B. are C. has been D. have been
解析:选A。根据句意可知,the time f days and weeks表述的是一个集体的概念,所以谓语动词用单数形式。
例10:A survey f the pinins f experts that three hurs f utdr exercise a week gd fr ne’s health. (2007?江西)
A. shw; are B. shws; is
C. shw; is D. shws; are
解析:选B。句子的主语是a survey是单数形式,同时three hurs f utdr exercise a week表达的是一个整体的概念,所以谓语动词应该用第三人称单数形式。
Page N.1477
1.强调句
(1) 强调人时可用wh,强调其他任何部分都用that。所强调的可以是单词、短语,也可以是句子,但结构必须完整。被强调的成分可以是主语、宾语和状语,但不能是定语或谓语。
It is nt nly blind men wh make such stupid mistakes.
不仅是盲人才会犯这种愚蠢的错误。
It is American mvies that he likes t watch.
他喜欢看的是美国电影。
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(2) 强调句型的一般疑问句只需把is/was提前。
Was it in 1933 that the Secnd Wrld War brke ut?
第二次世界大战是在1933年爆发的吗?
Is it American films that he likes t watch mst?
他最喜欢看的是美国电影吗?
(3) 强调句型的特殊疑问句结构是“疑问词+ is/was+it+that从句”。
Why is it that smking is nt allwed here?
为什么不允许在这儿抽烟?
(4) 原因状语从句中只有because引导的从句可以被强调。
It was because her mther was ill that she didn’t cme t schl yesterday.
是因为她妈妈病了她昨天才没来上学的。
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(5) 在nt ...结构中,对until引导的短语或从句进行强调时,需用It isnt/wasnt until ...这一固定句型。that从句中谓语动词用肯定形式。
It was nt until she tk ff her dark glasses that I recgnized she was a famus film star.
直到她摘下墨镜我才认出她是一位著名的影星。
注意:It is/was ...结构不能强调谓语,如果需要强调谓语时,用助动词d,did或des+动词原形,且只限于祈使句和肯定的陈述句。
D be careful when crssing the street.
过马路时一定要当心。
Mike des enjy playing ftball.
迈克确实喜欢踢足球。
Page N.1480
2.省略句
(1) 在when, while, whenever, till, as sn as, if, unless, as if, thugh, as等引导的状语从句中,若从句中的谓语有be动词,而从句的主语又与主句主语相同或主语是it时,从句的主语和be常被省略。
Unless (I am) invited, I wnt g t the party.
如果没被邀请,我是不会去参加那个聚会的。
When (yu are) wrking,yu must pay attentin.
工作时,你必须全神贯注。
(2) 在as, than, hwever, whatever, n matter what等引导的从句中常省略某些成分。
I must get it dne whatever the cst (may be).
无论代价多大,我都要把这件事情办好。
I can nly d it the way as was tld t(d it that way).
我只能按照吩咐去做。
Page N.1481
(3)虚拟条件句常省略if,将were,had,shuld提前构成倒装。
Shuld there be a fld(=If there shuld be a fld),what shuld we d?
如果发洪水,我们该怎么办?
(4)有些状语从句置于句末,可以作句尾省略,有时也可以省略整个从句。
Jhn will g there if my brther will(g).
如果我哥哥去那儿,约翰也去。
I wuld have cme yesterday (If I had wanted t).
我昨天本来可以来的。
Page N.1482
3.倒装句
(1) 表示否定意义或半否定意义的词置于句首时,常用部分倒装。常见的词有:seldm, never, hardly, n, nt, little等。
Little did he knw that the plice were arund.
他一点儿也不知道警察就在旁边。
Never befre has ur cuntry been as united as it is.
现在我们的国家空前团结。
(2) 由nly,nt until引导的状语置于句首时,常用部分倒装。
Only by wrking hard can we succeed.
只有努力工作,我们才能取得成功。
(3) n sner , hardly 等结构中,n sner和hardly置于句首时,主句用倒装形式。
N sner had he arrived hme, he began t prepare the supper.他一到家就开始准备晚饭。
Hardly had he entered the rm, it began t rain.
他一进屋就开始下雨了。
Page N.1483
(4) 在s/such 引导的结果状语从句中,s或such引导的部分置于句首时主句用倒装。
S shallw is the lake that n fish can live in it.
湖水那么浅,以致于没有鱼能在里面生存。
Such a gd by is he that we all lve him.
他是那么好的一个孩子,我们都喜欢他。
另外,“s/neither/nr+be/助动词/情态动词+主语”s与前面的肯定句呼应,neither/nr与前面的否定句呼应。其中动词的形式取决于前一句的动词。表示前者的情况也(不)适用于后者或一者(不)具备两种情况。
After that we never saw her again,nr did we hear frm her.
从那以后我们再也没见过她,也没有收到过她的信件。
I saw the film last week.S did she.
上周我看了这部电影,她也看了。
(5) 省略if的虚拟条件句以had/were/shuld开头引起的倒装。
Were she my friend, I wuld ask her fr help.
如果她是我的朋友,我就会请她帮忙。
Page N.1484
例1:The cmputer was used in teaching. As a result, nt nly , but students became mre interested in the lessns.(2009?全国Ⅰ)
A. saved was teachers energy
B. was teachers energy saved
C. teachers energy was saved
D. was saved teachers energy
解析:选B。考查倒装句。否定副词nt nly, little, never 等位于句首时,它后面的句子用部分倒装。
例2:Every evening after dinner, if nt frm wrk, I will spend sme time walking my dg. (2009?湖南)
A. being tired B. tiring C. tired D. t be tired
解析:选C。考查特殊句式的省略形式。if nt tired = if I am nt tired。
Page N.1485
例3:Little abut her wn safety, thugh she was in great danger herself.(2009? 陕西)
A. did Rse care B. Rse did care
C. Rse des care D. des Rse care
解析:选A。little是具有否定意义的副词,位于句首时句子用部分倒装且根据从句时态可知用一般过去时,所以选A项。
例4:S sudden that the enemy had n time t escape. (2009?山东)
A. did the attack B. the attack did
C. was the attack D. the attack was
解析:选C。考查句子倒装。在s ..., such 的句子结构中,若s, such 和与其所修饰的词置于句首时,用部分倒装,又因为sudden是形容词,作表语,所以选项C正确。
Page N.1486
例5:—What‘s the matter with Della?
—Well, her parents wuldn’t allw her t g t the party, but she still .(2009?江苏)
A. hpes t B. hpes s C. hpes nt D. hpes fr
解析:选A。考查省略句。答句句意为:噢,她的父母不让她参加这个聚会,但是她仍然希望能去参加这个聚会。根据but这个并列连词以及hpe的用法可知此处应该用hpes t。
例6:Bill wasn‘t happy abut the delay f the reprt by Jasn, and .(2008?辽宁)
A. I was neither B. neither was I
C. I was either D. either was I
解析:选B。考查倒装句。表示一种情况同时适合两者的“……也不”,否定句式用“neither/nr+助动词+主语”。either用于否定句句末,如果A项为“I was nt, either”也正确。
Page N.1487
例7:It was nt until midnight they reached the camp site.(2008?重庆)
A. That B. when C. while D. as
解析:选A。考查强调句。强调句型为:It is/was ... that,句中强调的是nt until所引导的时间状语,故选项A正确。
例8:It was alng the Mississippi River Mark Twain spent much f his childhd. (2008?天津)
A. hw B. which C. that D. where
解析:选C。考查强调句。强调句式:It is/was 强调的是句中的地点状语,若强调的成分是指人的名词时,句式中的that可以换成wh,其他情况一律用that。
Page N.1488
例9:It was annunced that nly when the fire was under cntrl t return t their hmes. (2008?江西)
A. the residents wuld be permitted
B. had the residents been permitted
C. wuld the residents be permitted
D. the residents had been permitted
解析:选C。考查句子倒装。在that引导的主语从句中,nly修饰的状语位于句首时,主句用倒装语序,故排除A、D两项;主句的动作发生在从句的动作之后,故不用过去完成时,正确选项为C。
例10:—Wuld yu like t jin me fr a quick lunch befre class?
— , but l prmised Nancy t g ut with her.(2008?全国Ⅰ)
A. I’d like t B. I like it C. I dn’t D. I will
解析:选A。考查省略句。句意为:——你愿意课前跟我一起吃顿简单的午饭吗? ——我愿意,可是我已经答应南希跟她一起出去了。口语中,如果不定式中的动词在上下文中相同可以将该动词省略,只保留t,所以选项A正确。
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