必修一 Unit 4 Natural Disasters 单元培优综合测试卷 -2025年新高考英语一轮总复习培优方案

这是一份必修一 Unit 4 Natural Disasters 单元培优综合测试卷 -2025年新高考英语一轮总复习培优方案，文件包含必修一Unit4NaturalDisasters单元培优综合测试卷原卷版docx、必修一Unit4NaturalDisasters单元培优综合测试卷解析版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共29页， 欢迎下载使用。
第一节(共15小题;每小题2. 5分，满分 37. 5 分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
（2024·重庆·三模）ONE CEREMONY, SEVERAL FIRSTS
The Opening Ceremny f the 2024 Olympic Games will be bld, riginal and unique. On 26 July 2024, Paris 2024 will ffer an Opening Ceremny that is certain t jin the mst memrable mments in Olympic histry.
A ceremny utside a stadium
Fr the first time in the histry f the Olympic Summer Games, the Opening Ceremny will nt take place in a stadium. Paris 2024 is breaking new grund by bringing sprts and the Opening Ceremny int the city, set t be held in the heart f the city alng its main river: the Seine (塞纳河).
A ceremny n the river
Taking n a new lk, the parade f athletes will be held n the Seine with bats fr each natinal delegatin (代表团). These bats will be equipped with cameras t allw televisin and nline viewers t see the athletes up clse. Winding their way frm east t west, the 10,500 athletes will crss thrugh the centre f Paris.
A ceremny with free admissin fr many spectatrs
Hlding a ceremny pen t a large audience, with n admissin fee fr mst f its spectatrs, is a majr first. Fans wn’t need tickets t access the upper quays (码头), but thse wishing t access the lwer quays will need t buy tickets. Eighty giant screens and strategically placed speakers will allw everyne t enjy the magical atmsphere f this shw thrughut Paris.
A ceremny designed fr and by athletes
By pening with the parade f athletes, Paris 2024 is breaking with traditin. Athletes will be featured n stage during the intrductin t and thrughut the ceremny as part f Paris 2024’s cnstant aim t hld Games created fr and by athletes.
1．Where will the Opening Ceremny f Paris 2024 be held?
A．On the quays beside the Seine.
B．In the city center alng the Seine.
C．In a stadium near the heart f Paris.
D．On the eastern and western ends f Paris.
2．What d we knw abut the admissin fee?
A．N admissin fee is required.
B．Access t the lwer quays is free.
C．Tickets shuld be bught fr the upper quays.
D．Sme viewers pay fr watching the ceremny.
3．What is the main idea f this text?
A．The histry f the Olympics.B．The prcedure f Paris 2024.
C．The nvel pints f a ceremny.D．The charging rules f a ceremny.
B
（23-24高三上·黑龙江·期中）Living n the Flrida Emerald Cast, peple view a hurricane (飓风) ‘as a cmmn thing. S it is nt unusual fr a family t have several full gas cans and bttled water stred in their huses all summer.
Thugh unwilling t evacuate (撤离) frm a hurricane, n September 15, my family was frced t leave ur hme fr my grandfather’s huse several miles away. We spent the early part f that evening watching the hurricane draw clser n the Weather Channel. Arund nine ’clck, a lud sund shk the huse, turned ver the rf and carried it ff. Sn came an indr rainstrm.
Realizing the damage, my grandfather began t be afraid. The strm had started, but he still ran ut int the heavy rain and wind t see hw much f the rf was left. We gt him back inside. I had never seen him s scared. Mm finally asked him t lie dwn in his rm.
The leak (渗漏) had prgressed rapidly. It sn became a race against time t prtect what t be saved. Sme peple may think it necessary t save material things, but I hped t save thse items with emtinal value, such as the phts. I still feared the strm, but I mre feared the influence it brught.
The next mrning, it started t clear up. Thankfully, my family came safely thrugh the strm, thugh the same culd nt be said fr the huse. Only the wden beams (梁) remained, but inside many f the things were safe. My mm and I had wrked tirelessly thrugh the night.
It was late, but we were still unwilling t g t bed. We discussed the rebuilding f the huse. Under the beautiful sky, we suggested lking after my grandfather mre ften in the future. After this disaster, I realized the truth that the hurricane itself was nt s terrible if we lved each ther.
4．What can we infer frm the first paragraph?
A．Many residents living near the cast tend t leave the place.
B．Many residents are unwilling t prepare fr hurricanes.
C．Hurricanes ften strike the Flrida Emerald Cast.
D．Hurricanes seldm hit the Flrida Emerald Cast.
5．Why did the authr’s grandfather g ut int the rain and wind?
A．T prtect smething utside.B．T see the cnditin f the rf.
C．T avid the danger in the huse.D．T knw hw serius the rain was.
6．What is the main idea f the furth paragraph?
A．Why the authr feared the strm.B．Hw the strm influenced the huse.
C．Hw peple helped each ther in the strm.D．What the authr was ready t save frm the strm.
7．What des the underlined sentence in paragraph 5 mean?
A．The huse cntained many valuable things.B．The huse was destryed in the disaster.
C．The huse culd be easy t repair.D．The huse survived the hurricane.
C
（2024·湖南长沙·三模）Rgues (疯狗浪), called “extreme strm waves” by scientists, are large, unexpected, and dangerus waves that are at least twice as high as the ther waves arund them, accrding t the Natinal Oceanic and Atmspheric Administratin (NOAA). These abnrmal waves, which happen every day and all ver the wrld, are highly unpredictable and can destry ships that meet with them.
Rgue waves appear t frm when large rugh waves pass thrugh ne anther, cmbining t frm huge walls f water, accrding t NOAA．Hwever, why and where they appear is unclear. But using 700 years’ wrth f cean data including histrical recrds and data frm buys (浮标) in 158 lcatins arund the wrld, researchers have nw created a system fr predicting these “huge beasts”.
“They are caused by a cmbinatin f many factrs that, until nw, have nt been cmbined int a single risk assessment,” said lead authr Din Häfner. Häfner and his c-wrkers mapped the factrs that may lead t rgue waves and used AI t make a single mdel that culd determine the likelihd that a rgue wave will frm.
The team trained a neural netwrk using histrical wave data. This generated a system that learned the causes f rgue waves by itself and culd wrk t predict them. But the AI’s methds were hid in a black bx. This means scientists culdn’t knw hw the AI did its wrkings. S Häfner’s team applied anther frm f machine learning, which prduced an equatin (综合体) when fed data, rather than just a single predictin, helping the researchers t understand hw the AI reached its predictins.
“Our analysis demnstrates that abnrmal waves ccur all the time. In fact, we registered 100,000 waves in ur data set that can be defined as rgue waves,” Häfner said. This system effectively shws the sign f a rgue wave, Häfner added, and can better prtect ships frm being destryed as the sail arund the wrld. Ship cmpanies can use the device with the system t predict when and where rgue waves might arise t seek an alternative curse.
8．Hw des the authr intrduce the tpic?
A．By using an example.B．By giving a definitin.
C．By drawing a cmparisn.D．By making an assumptin.
9．What can the system d accrding t paragraph 2?
A．Mnitr huge sea creatures.B．Guide ships arund in the sea.
C．Prevent ruge waves frm ccurring.D．Frecast the hitting f rgue waves.
10．What is the disadvantage f the AI’s methds?
A．They aren’t visually available.B．They depend n t many factrs.
C．They make inaccurate predictins.D．They dn’t prcess data systematically.
11．Hw des Häfner find the system?
A．It requires mre field tests.B．It has been widely used.
C．It needs further imprvement.D．It has a prmising future.
D
（2024·广西南宁·二模）In Japan, the new year began with disaster as a 7.5 magnitude earthquake struck the Nt Peninsula (能登半岛) n the cuntry’s western edge n Mnday. Mre than 2,000 active fault lines (断层线) lie beneath Japan, making it ne f the mst earthquake-prne cuntries in the wrld.
Many scientists have lng cnsidered earthquake frecasting t be impssible. But given recent imprvements in artificial intelligence, sme researchers have been studying whether that culd change.
Last fall, researchers at the University f Texas at Austin increased such hpes fr earthquake predictin with a seven-mnth trial in China. In all, the algrithm (演算法) successfully frecast 14 earthquakes, each within abut 200 miles f its actual epicenter (震中). Meanwhile, it missed ne quake and predicted eight that never happened. The trial was part f an internatinal A．I.-design cmpetitin, ne f a few such events held in recent years t advance earthquake predictin technlgies.
Sergey Fmel, a gescientist at UT Austin and a member f the research team, says in a statement. “We’re nt yet clse t making predictins fr anywhere in the wrld, but what we achieved tells us that what we thught was an impssible prblem is slvable in principle.”
Additinally, machine learning culd help detect hidden patterns in data r cllect mre data t better infrm earthquake frecasting, Hutchisn writes fr MIT Technlgy Review. Fr example, sme researchers are shwing hw A．I. might use recrdings frm a specific seismic site t anticipate an earthquake’s magnitude. One team has built and trained neural netwrks t predict where aftershcks may ccur after an initial strike. And thers are using machine learning t identify and extract seismic waves—the vibratins that spread thrugh the earth during tectnic activity (构造活动)—frm ther nises in the grund.
12．What’s the functin f the first paragraph?
A．T explain a cncept.B．T intrduce a new tpic.
C．T supply a summary.D．T prvide an example.
13．What made sme researchers ptimistic abut the earthquake frecasting?
A．The recent prgress in theries.B．The use f traditinal methds.
C．The increasing number f earthquakes.D．The advancements in artificial intelligence.
14．What d we knw frm the third paragraph?
A．The trial was cnducted by Chinese.B．The algrithm was ttally successful.
C．A．I. shws prmise in earthquake predictin.D．The A．I. cmpetitin nly fcused n earthquakes.
15．What is the best title fr the passage?
A．Japan’s Vulnerability t EarthquakesB．Helper in Predicting Earthquakes—A．I.
C．The Impssibility f Earthquake PredictinD．Internatinal Effrts t Predict Earthquakes
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
（2024·重庆·模拟预测）This summer, climate change cntinues t push Earth’s weather t extremes. 16 We invite sme experts t discuss the science behind exercising in the heat, hw t keep yur bdy safe, and what t d if yu suspect yu r smene yu’re with has heat exhaustin.
17 If yu had a heavy meal like a cheeseburger, yu’ll want t wait tw t three hurs befre yur ht utdr exercise, since that fat and prtein-rich meal will take even lnger t mve thrugh the digestive prcess. Shuld yu eat after that ht run? N. Yu can hydrate right away, but wait until yu’ve cled ff t eat. That’s because digesting fd will delay getting yur bdy back t its usual temperature.
Prtect yur skin — it’s the bdy’s cling system. Yur skin and related tissues are incredibly designed t mve warm bld away frm yur cre t keep yur vital rgans cl. Any damage t yur skin r the underlying tissue prevents yur bdy frm being able t air cnditin itself. T prtect yur skin, start with sunscreen. 18 .
Wear materials that will help yur bdy breathe. 19 Wear sweat-wicking athletic clthing that allws yur skin t cl. Avid materials like cttn that basically keep the heat clse t yur bdy.
Hydrate befre, during and after exercise. Dehydratin can really happen t yu. 20 Besides, keep drinking while yu’re wrking ut.
A．Dn’t eat right befre yu head ut.
B．Try mre heat-friendly frms f exercise.
C．The type f suitable clthing yu wear can als help yu stay cl.
D．But high utside temperatures in a dry climate can als be dangerus.
E．Is a daytime run r bike ride in ht summer weather OK fr ur bdies?
F．And cnsider wearing sun-prtective clthing that blcks the sun, and include a hat.
G．Make sure yu are drinking water at least an hur befre yu head ut t exercise.
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
（2024·广东肇庆·二模）Elmer Whitaker sighed as he lked ver his muddy crps. A terrible 21 had swept thrugh his farm the night befre, and his crps were nw cvered in 22 and destryed. His neighbr, a kind yung man named Thmas, 23 t ffer his help.
"What a disaster, “Whitaker said.” My whle family has always survived n the harvests f this field. I feel 24 and dn't knw what t d nw.
Thmas calmed him dwn and thught fr a mment. “I see this nt as a disaster but as an 25 ,” he said. Whitaker lked at him 26 . “Hw can it be?” he asked. Thmas smiled 27 , “Nw yu have a chance t try smething new. Yu’ve always grwn beans and cabbages. Why nt try planting 28 crps that will als fit in this sil? Yu can diversify and therefre 29 yur farm nce again.”
Elmer Whitaker cnsidered this. Thmas was right-he had becme set in his ways. This disaster culd push him t make his farm 30 and sustainable in a new way. “Yu have 31 me,” Whitaker said. He clapped Thmas n the back. “Thank yu fr shwing me the pprtunity in this difficulty. ”
And s Whitaker 32 new crps and sn, the farm was full f life again. Farmers frm neighbring twns were 33 with the wnder f Whitaker’s fields, and they began t 34 their crps as well. Elmer Whitaker’s farm has becme a 35 f adaptability and hpe, telling everyne that in every strm, there is a chance fr new grwth.
21．A．frceB．smkeC．warD．strm
22．A．mudB．grassC．mistD．dust
23．A．went nB．set ffC．came byD．burst in
24．A．specialB．desperateC．sensitiveD．tireless
25．A．pprtunityB．agreementC．intentinD．element
26．A．as usualB．in disbeliefC．n purpseD．with pride
27．A．inncentlyB．gratefullyC．plitelyD．cheerfully
28．A．majrB．traditinalC．differentD．natural
29．A．restreB．exchangeC．dnateD．abandn
30．A．frmalB．diverseC．realisticD．bvius
31．A．infrmedB．demandedC．enlightenedD．prmised
32．A．tastedB．plantedC．sharedD．received
33．A．carefulB．trubledC．familiarD．impressed
34．A．diversifyB．remveC．deliverD．bserve
35．A．mannerB．dreamC．symblD．cause
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
（2024·辽宁·二模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The main structure f the Datengxia water resurces management facility in Suthwest China has been cmpleted fur mnths ahead 36 schedule, the Ministry f Water Resurces said n Saturday.
The prject, 37 is lcated in the Xijiang River, has eight pwer generatin 38 (unit), each with an installed capacity f 200,000 kilwatts (千瓦). It can 39 (annual) generate mre than 6 billin kilwatt hurs f electricity.
In cperatin with ther reservirs (水库), the prject can help Wuzhu, a city with 40 ppulatin f ver 2.8 millin in Guangxi, deal with nce-in-a-hundred-year flds. Previusly, the city was nly able t hld flds that ccur nce every 50 years. The prject als enables sme cities in the Pearl River Delta 41 (resist) flds that happen nce every tw centuries.
The ministry said the Datengxia facility will als prvide strng supprt fr rural develpment, ffering irrigatin (灌溉) water t 80,000 hectares f farmland and 42 (address) drinking water shrtage fr almst 1.4 millin peple in Guangxi.
The prject has already played 43 (significance) rles in the past three years when it was put int trial peratin. Fr example, in June last year, it helped prevent 44 stre abut 700 millin cubic meters f fldwater when the Xijiang River 45 (hit) by a fld. In the peak, it reduced water flw by 3,500 cubic meters per secnd.
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (满分15分)
（2024·江西萍乡·二模）你校最近开展了一次消防演练活动，请你为校英文报写一份主题为“Fcus n Fire Safety, Cherish Life”的新闻报道，内容包括：
1. 活动目的；
2. 活动过程和感受。
注意：1. 写作同数应为80个左右。
2. 参考词汇：灭火器 fireextinguishers; 消防栓 fire hydrants
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第二节 (满分25分)
（2024·江西南昌·三模）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Samantha and Jake had always been clse t nature. Grwing up in a small cttage situated deep within a thriving frest, they fund cmfrt and wnder in the beauty f the natural wrld. Their daily adventures included explring the wds, listening t the birdsng, and gazing at the starry night sky. Hwever, as the years passed, they culdn’t help but ntice the gradual changes in their belved frest.
By the time Samantha turned sixteen and Jake was thirteen, they began t witness the effects f defrestatin n their wnderland. The sund f chainsaws (电锯) and the sight f fallen trees became increasingly cmmn. The siblings were feeling extremely shcked and sad by the lss f the frest they had cherished since childhd.
One day, after a particularly disheartening walk thrugh the decreasing wds, Samantha came acrss a bk abut envirnmental heres. These individuals had devted their lives t preserving the natural wrld, and their stries f resilience (恢复力) and impact lighted a spark within Samantha’s heart. She believed that if they culd make a difference , s culd she and Jake.
Samantha culdn’t wait t share her new-fund inspiratin with her brther. She rushed hme , her mind filled with ideas f hw they culd prtect their frest. When she explained her thughts t Jake, he ndded in agreement. “Our frest is like family t us,” he said, ”We can’t just stand by and watch it disappear. “
With firm determinatin, Samantha and Jake decided t take actin. They began by rganizing tree-planting events in their cmmunity, enlisting (征募) the help f friends and neighbrs. Each sapling they planted was a symbl f hpe fr the future f their frest.
Sn , their effrts gained favr. The lcal schls jined their cause, incrprating envirnmental educatin int the curriculum and the cmmunity united behind them. Samantha and Jake’s frest restratin prject had becme a mvement that united peple f all ages.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Mnths passed, and the nce-thinning frest began t shw signs f recvery.
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One day, a lcal news statin reached ut t Samantha and Jake.
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