必修一 Unit 4 Natural Disasters 核心单词+重点句型讲义 -2025年新高考英语一轮总复习培优方案

这是一份必修一 Unit 4 Natural Disasters 核心单词+重点句型讲义 -2025年新高考英语一轮总复习培优方案，文件包含必修一UNit4NaturalDisasters核心单词+重点句型筑基讲义原卷版docx、必修一UNit4NaturalDisasters核心单词+重点句型筑基讲义解析版docx等2份学案配套教学资源，其中学案共44页， 欢迎下载使用。
词汇
1.Envirnment n. 环境
2.pwerful adj.强大的
3.prtect vt.保护
4.prevent vt 防止
5.decrease v. 减少
6.damage n. 损害
7. destry vt 毁灭
8. rescue vt 拯救
9. spil vt 破坏
10.cnstruct vt 建设
11. beautify vt. 美化 .
12.earthquake n.地震
13.typhn n.台风
14.erupt vt. 爆发
15.eruptin n.爆发
16.vlcan n.火山
17.drught n.干旱
18.catastrphe n.大灾难
19.disaster n.灾难
20.shcking adj.震惊的
精品句式
1. A terrible strm hit/struck ... , killing ..
一个可怕的地震发生在….杀死了….
2. It was a cl autumn night when the earthquake happened. A large number f buildings fell dwn and rads were destryed, leaving a great many peple hmeless.
地震发生在一个凉爽的秋夜。大量的建筑物倒塌，道路被毁,许多人无家可归。
3. With the help f the rescue team, peple wh were the trapped in the fld were saved.
在救援队的帮助下，困在洪水中的人们得救了。
4. Clearly/Obviusly/In my pinin/It seemed that peple were shcked.
显然/在我看来/似乎人们震惊了。
6.The whle city was in ruins after the earthquake.
地震后整个城市成了一片废墟。
7. Human activity is an indispensable factr causing natural disasters.
人类自身的活动是造成自然灾害的一个不可或缺的因素。
8. In the past hundred years, there have been frequent natural disasters, such as flds, drughts, earthquakes, and new deserts.
在过去的几百年里，自然灾难不断，例如洪水，干旱，地震和沙漠化。
9. The disasters have killed millins upn millins f peple, destryed cuntless hmes, and wiped ut numerus pieces f fertile land.
灾难杀死了无数人，损毁了很多房子，破坏了很多肥沃的土地。
10. Nw mre and mre peple becme aware that thse disasters have much t d with what we have dne t the earth.
现在越来越多的人意识到了灾难在很大程度上与我们人类的行为有关。
02-单元重点词汇背记
1． adj. 最重要的；最高级别的 n. (公司或机构的)首领；酋长
2． adj. 附近的；邻近的 adv. 在附近
3． vi. 应在(某处)；适应
4． n. 地方；地点；位置
5． n. 战役；搏斗 vi.&vt. 搏斗；奋斗
6． adj. 极有吸引力的；迷人的
7． n. 收费；指控；主管 vt. 收费；控告；充电
8． n. 金额；数量
9． n. 方法；途径；接近vt. 接近；接洽；着手处理vi. 靠近
10． vt. 保证；确保；担保
11． adj. 慷慨的；大方的；丰富的
12． n. 位置；姿态；职位
13． adj. 热切的；渴望的
14． n. 诗人
15． n. 风俗；习俗；习惯
03-单元核心词形拓展
1．die vi.死；死亡→ n．死；死亡→ adj.死去的→ adj.致命的
2．affect vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动→ n. 感情；喜爱
3．effect n．影响；结果；效果→ adj.有效的→ adv.有效地
4．shck n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克vt.(使)震惊→ adj.令人震惊的→ adj.震惊的
5．electricity n．电；电能→ adj. 用电的；电动的→ adj.与电有关的
6．breath n．呼吸→ vi.&vt.呼吸
7．wisdm n. 智慧；才智→ adj. 充满智慧的；明智的；英明的
8．suffer vt.遭受；蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→ n．折磨；苦难
9．survive vi.生存；存活vt.幸存；艰难度过→ n．幸存→ n．幸存者
10．pwer n．电力供应；能量；力量；控制力→ adj.有权势的；强有力的→ adj.无权的；无能力的
11．deliver vt.&vi.递送；传达vt.发表→ n．传送；递送；演讲方式
12．lng adj.长的→ n．长；长度→ v. (使)变长
04-单元阅读词汇识记
magnitude n．
2．evacuate vt. & vi. 3．revive vt.&vi.
4．unify vi.&vt.
5．cntext n.
6．tap vi.&vt. n.
7．pipe n.
8．whistle vi. n.
9．emergency n.
10．kit n.
05-单元重点词块闪记
1． 似乎；好像；仿佛
2． 严重受损；破败不堪
3． 震惊；吃惊
4． 结束；终结
5． 挖掘出；发现
6． ……的数目
7． 仅仅；只是
8． 吹走
9． 横穿
10． 站起来
11． 露天；在户外
12． 执行；实施；贯彻；完成
13． 出于感激
14． 跌倒；倒塌
15． 朝四面八方
Part 2 单元核心词汇精讲精练
考点1 .affect vt.影响;(疾病)侵袭;深深打动
[教材原句] 82 killed,500,000 affected (P49) 82人丧生,50万人受影响
【拓展】
(1)be affected by 受……的影响；被……感动
be affected/infected by 感染……疾病
(2)affectin n. 喜爱
shw/have/feel much/an affectin fr... (非常)喜欢……，(非常)喜爱……
(3)effect n. 作用；影响
have an effect n /upn sth 对……产生影响
in effect事实上;实际上;有效的
cme int effect/take effect(法律、规划或制度)生效;实施
f n effect 没有效果的;没有影响的
side effect副作用
put/bring sth int effect实施;实行;使生效
cause and effect因果
(4)effective adj.有效的
effectively adv.有效地;实际上
【经典练】
[写出下列句中affect的含义]
The places where we live can affect ur thughts and behaviurs. __________
(2)Deeply affected by the film,the audience culdn’t hld back tears._____________
(3)A lack f exercise leaves yur bdy weak and easily affected by disease.___________
[单句语法填空]
(4)As I _________by the shw the White Snake Legend,I began t develp a deep ________ fr Peking Opera. (affect)
(5)Sandstrms als reduce visibility,________ (affect) airplanes and rad transprtatin.
(6)[2018·全国卷Ⅰ]While running regularly can’t make yu live frever,the review says it is mre __________(effect) at lengthening life than walking,cycling r swimming.
(7)[2020·北京卷]Peple wh regularly practise psitive thinking tend t slve prblems mre ________ (effect).
[写美]
(8)鲁迅一生创作了大量的小说，对中国文学产生了深远的影响。
During his lifetime, Lu Xun wrte a great number f excellent nvels，_______________________________________．
(9)I was deeply affected by the film Hi Mm and culdn't hld back tears.
→______________________，I culdn't hld back tears.(分词短语作状语)
[小话题写作]
(10)交通问题不仅影响着我们的日常生活,而且也可能威胁到人们的生命。
The traffic issue nt nly ____________________,but may als threaten peple’s lives.
考点2.bury vt.埋葬；安葬
[教材原句]Sn after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 sldiers t Tangshan t dig ut thse wh were trapped and t bury the dead.
地震发生后不久，部队派出了15万名士兵奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中抢救出来，并掩埋了死者。
(1) bury... in... 把……埋到……里；使……沉浸于……
bury ne's face in ne's hands 双手掩面
(2)be buried in... = Bury neself in (ding.)... 埋头于；专心于；沉浸于
【经典练】
单句语法填空
①The girl was sitting n the bench in the park, ________ (bury) herself in the bk.
②Thugh _________(bury) in the ruins fr abut 70 hurs after the earthquake, the man managed t survive.
[写美句]——句式升级
Because he buried himself in playing the flute, he didn't knw it was raining .
→③______________ playing the flute , he was nt aware it was raining . (现在分词短语作状语)
→④__________ playing the flute, he was nt aware it was raining . (过去分词短语作状语)
[佳句]⑤He _______________________________ when his team lst the game.
当他的球队输掉比赛时，他掩面而泣。
表示“专心于；致力于”的短语还有：
①be absrbed/engaged in
②be devted t=devte neself t
③be lst in =lse neself in
④fcus/cncentrate n
⑤ be immersed in 沉浸在
⑥fix/cncentrate ne's attentin n
考点3.effrt n. 努力;艰难的尝试;尽力
[教材原句] With strng supprt frm the gvernment and the tireless effrts f the city’s peple,a new Tangshan was built upn the earthquake ruins.(P50) 在政府的大力支持和全市人民的不懈努力下,一个崭新的唐山在地震废墟上崛起。
【拓展】
with great effrt努力
withut effrt毫不费力地
in an effrt t d sth为了做某事
put effrt int (ding) sth努力做某事
spare n effrt t d sth不遗余力地做某事
it takes effrt t d sth做某事需要努力
make every effrt t d sth尽全力做某事
make an effrt/effrts t d sth努力做某事
【经典练】
【单句语法填空】
①A gd envirnment depends n the ______(effrt) made by everyne.
②N ne can achieve anything _______effrt.
[完成句子]
(3)父母为孩子安排好一切,不遗余力地为他们的成功铺路。
Parents arrange everything fr their children and ______________ pave the way fr their success.
(4)我厌恶那些不努力的人。
I dislike peple wh dn’t ______________.
(5)公司为节省资金解雇了150名工人。
The cmpany has laid ff 150 wrkers ____________________save mney.
(6)He_________________________________________(不遗余力地练习说英语) every day.
【写作佳句】
If I am lucky enugh t be elected, _________________________________ serve fr the benefit f students and ur club.
如果我有幸当选,我将尽最大努力为同学们和俱乐部的利益服务。
考点4.supply n. [pl.] 补给品;供应(量);补给vt. 供应;供给
[教材原句] The supplies which were prvided t the disaster area were cllected frm arund the cuntry.(P52) 向灾区提供的物资是从全国各地收集来的。
【拓展】
(1)water supply供水
be in shrt supply供不应求
a supply/supplies f...……的供应
supply and demand供求关系
medical supplies 医疗用品
(2)supply sb/sth with sth=supply sth t sb/sth给……提供某物
[联想] 表示“为某人提供某物”的短语还有：
prvide sb. with sth.＝prvide sth. fr sb.
ffer sb. sth.＝ffer sth. t sb.
give away sth. t sb.
【经典练】
[单句语法填空]
(1)They used the mney t supply (supply) the schl with new textbks.
(2)Whenever she ges ut with her baby,she always takes a large supply f baby fd with her.
(3)Fd supplies (supply) in the fld-stricken area are running ut.
(4)During the utbreak f the epidemic ,medical masks were ____ shrt supply in every area.
(5)[2021·全国乙卷]Fr the biggest stadiums in the wrld, we have used data ________ (supply) by the Wrld Atlas list s far.
[写美]——一句多译
政府在地震后已经向当地人民提供了大量的食物和衣物。(supply)
(6)The gvernment ____________________________ the lcal peple since the earthquake ccurred.
(7)The gvernment ________________________________________ since the earthquake ccurred.
考点5.shck n. 震惊;令人震惊的事;休克 vt. (使)震惊
[教材原句] Peple were in shck—and then,later that afternn,anther big quake shk Tangshan again.(P50) 人们惊呆了——接着,在那天下午晚些时候,另一场大地震再次震撼了唐山。
【拓展】
(1)be a shck t ... 使……吃惊
in shck 震惊；吃惊
(2)shcked adj. 震惊的；惊讶的
be shcked at/by 对……吃惊
be shcked t d sth. 做某事很吃惊
(3)shcking adj. 令人震惊的
(4) cultural shck 文化冲突
[名师点津]
shck表示“吃惊;震惊;令人震惊的事情”时是可数名词,表示“(身心受到的)打击;震惊”和“休克”时是不可数名词。
【经典练】
[单句语法填空]
(1)Everyne in the street ________ (shck) when they heard the news.
(2)________ (shck) by the explsin,peple ran abut in the street.
(3)His nt passing the final exam was a great shck________ his parents.
(4)I was shcked ________ (hear) that ur factry wuld have t clse.
(5)The great fire was _____ great shck t us all.
(6)We are _________ (shck) that s many peple were injured r died in the Wenchuan earthquake.
(7)I was shcked ________ (hear) that a large number f panglins (穿山甲）were being killed fr their medical value.
(8)The news f his sudden death is s _______ that everyne is very much shcked at it.(shck)
[完成句子]
(9)他们在过去的几年里取得了惊人的成就,令许多人震惊。
____________________________________________________.
考点6.suffer vt.遭受;蒙受 vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦
[教材原句]Sme were fund alive,thugh they were suffering frm terrible injuries,but thers had already stpped breathing when they were discvered.(P51) 有些人被发现时还活着,虽然他们受了重伤,但其他人被发现时已经停止了呼吸。
【拓展】
(1)suffer pain/defeat/hardship/damage遭受痛苦/失败/艰难/破坏
suffer frm 受……折磨；患……病
(2)suffering n. 痛苦；苦恼；让人痛苦的事
sufferer n. 受难者；患病者
【经典练】
单句语法填空
(1)Amng bese children,abut 30 percent als suffer ________high levels f bld sugar and fat.
(2)The ld man is said t have gne thrugh varieties f ________ (suffer) during the war.
(3)Shrtly after________(suffer) frm a massive earthquake and being reduced t ruins,the city tk n a new lk.
(4)Relief fd and clthing shuld be quickly sent t the ________ (suffer) frm the great fire.
[小话题写作]
(5)尽管遭受如此严重的自然灾害,但只要不灰心,我们终会克服困难。
______________________________________________________________________________.
考点7.cme t an end 结束；终结
【拓展】
at the end f 在……尽头；在……末端
by the end f 到……结束时；到……时候为止(常与完成时态连用)
in the end 最后；终于
be at an end 结束
(2)put/bring ... t an end
put an end t ...使……结束
cme t an end 完成；结束
(3) make (bth) ends meet 使收支相抵；量入为出
(4) end up with 以……结束
end up ding 最终在做某事
【经典练】
1.At first she refused t admit her mistake , but she ended up ___________ (aplgize) t the public．There was n dubt that her acting career ___________________( 即将结束）.
2.When ur day’s wrk was ________________, everybdy felt tired and hungry.
当一天工作结束时，大家觉得又累又饿。
3.__________________________ we had sld ver 2000 tickets.
到本周末为止，我们已经售完2000张票。
He tried many times t pass the exam and _____________ he succeeded.他尝试了许多次，最后终于成功通过了。
考点8.in ruins严重受损；破败不堪；成为废墟；毁灭
[教材原句] In less than ne minute,a large city lay in ruins.(P50) 不到一分钟,一座大城市化为了废墟。
【拓展】
(1)ruin neself自我毁灭
ruin ne’s hpe/chance/fame/future毁坏某人的希望/机会/名誉/未来
(2)in ruins严重受损;破败不堪
be/lie in ruins成为废墟;毁灭
fall int ruins成为废墟
ruin使……毁灭;使……没落
【经典练】
(单句语法填空)
1.Shrtly after suffering frm an earthquake and being reduced t ______ (ruin), the city tk n a new lk.
2.The whle twn ________ (ruin) by the terrible hurricane last night.
3.Having gne thrugh tw wrld wars, the castle has fallen______ ruin.经历了两次世界大战，那座城堡已经破败不堪了。
[完成句子]
(4)地震之后整个城市成了一片废墟,这让我们彻夜未眠。
The whle city lay in ruins after the earthquake,which made us awake all night.
(5)我们的假期被台风给毁了。
Our vacatin ________ by the typhn.
(6)宫殿被彻底摧毁了,而不是轻微受损,无法修复,留下的只是废墟。
The palace was destryed cmpletely rather than was slightly damaged,which can’t be repaired,____________.
Part 3 单元重点句型精讲精练
考点1.as if似乎;好像;仿佛
It seemed as if the wrld were cming t an end!
仿佛世界末日即将来临！
【拓展】
(1)as if表示“仿佛,好像”,在句中引导表语从句,其意义和用法与as thugh相同。常跟在特定动词后面,如seem、lk、taste、sund、feel等。
(2)as if引导方式状语从句时,常置于行为动词之后。
(3)as if/as thugh引导从句的语气:
①当从句所表达的情况有明显的依据或实现的可能性比较大时,as if引导的从句要用陈述语气。
①Hurry up! It lks as if the train is ging t mve.
快点！看起来好像火车要开了。
②当从句所陈述的是不真实的或不可能发生(存在)的情况时，从句谓语常用虚拟语气，结构如下：
②It was Jhn wh brke the windw. Why are yu talking t me as if I had dne it?
打破窗户的是约翰。为什么你对我说好像是我打破的似的？
[名师点津]
如果as if引导的从句中的主语和主句的主语相同,且含有be动词,可省略从句主语和be动词,这样as if 后就只剩下名词、不定式、形容词(短语)、介词短语或分词。
【经典练】
单句语法填空
①He described the characters in the nvel as if he _______(meet) them face t face.
②Eliza remembers everything exactly as if _________________________(好像发生在昨天).
③It seemed as if they _______________________(决不会有) the chance f wrking again.
④He pened his muth as if____________ (say) smething.
⑤The child talks t us as if he ______(be) a grwn­up.
⑥He talks big _______________________________.
他夸夸其谈，好像什么都知道似的。
⑦Mary’s descriptin f the party was s vivid that I felt as if I ________(be) there.
玛丽对晚会的描述很生动, 以至于我感觉好像我在那里一样。
⑧Lk at the cluds in the sky! It lks ____________________________.
看看天上的云彩！看起来要下雨。
[写美]——读后续写佳句
⑨[2021·浙江卷6月，读后续写]靠近房子的时候，我注意到爸爸
妈妈站在那辆旧卡车旁边，一脸悲伤。 好像发生了什么不愉快的
事情。
Upn appraching the huse, I nticed my dad and mm standing beside the ld truck, lking sad.____________________________.
考点2.句型：be ding sth. when... 正在做某事，这时(突然)……
(教材原句)I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my hme.我和我的三个孩子正在吃早饭，突然水开始涌入家中。
【拓展】
be abut t 正要做……这时(突然)……
be n the pint f 正要做……这时(突然)……
had just 刚做完……这时(突然)……
【经典练】
单句语法填空
1.She had just finished her hmewrk ________ her mther asked her t play the pian.
2.I was abut t give up ________ my best friend encuraged me t g n.
[完成句子]
3.约翰正在房间里学习,突然听到了一声尖叫。
Jhn ________ in his rm ______ he heard a scream.
4.我正要放弃,这时我最好的朋友鼓励我继续下去。
I ____________________________ my best friend encuraged me t g n.
5.她刚刚做完作业,妈妈就让她练习弹钢琴。
She _____________________________ her mther asked her t practise playing the pian.
[写美句]——应用文佳句
6.[浙江卷，写作]上周一，我正在街上散步，这时突然看到一位老人从自行车上摔了下来。
Last Mnday, I____________________________ I suddenly saw an ld man fall ff his bicycle.
7.2001年的一天，贾晓玲和她的母亲在骑自行车时被一辆车撞倒。
One day in 2001,Jia Xialing and her mm ______________________________________.
Part 4单元核心词汇+句型即时跟踪检测
单词拼写
1.Everyne was shuting; it was difficult t keep __________（冷静的）in that cnditin.
2.I like getting up early in the mrning because the mrning air is gd t ______________ (呼吸).
3.It is assumed that a cmet （撞击） int the earth lng ag, thus causing the disappearance f dinsaurs.
4.There is a fire ____________ (通道) n each flr f the building.
5.It's ur hpe that we will play an increasingly greater rle in the marketplace and, therefre, ______（提供） mre jbs.
6.Yu can guess the meaning f the wrd frm the ______ (上下文).
7.Smking will cause ___________（损害） t ur health, which really matters a lt.
8.The accident resulting frm her careless driving led t three ___________ (死亡).
9.The vlunteers will get all the supplies ___________ (派送) t the fld-hit area.
10.Many peple were a______________ (影响) by the virus and everyne hped the disaster wuld cme t an end.
11.The miners were __________（陷入困境）deep undergrund.
12.We are very much aware f the lack（缺少）f fd______________（供应，储备）.
13.When I was 50, my weight prblem began t ______ (影响) me seriusly.
14.She had an accident and was trapped in her car. Luckily tw passers-by came t her a
（帮助）.
15.Leaflets have been d （递送） t every husehld.
16.In 1972 he was given a special Oscar fr his lifetime utstanding ______ (成就).
17.We must make ___________ (安排) fr the meeting.
18.We have _________（帮助） him in finishing the wrk ahead f time.
19.It was difficult t cmprehend（理解）the full scale f the __________（灾难）.
20.The great success is achieved thrugh ur ________（努力）.
单句语法填空
1.Munt Kilauea is ne f the mst active vlcanes in Hawaii.The____________ (erupt) f it is always taking peple by surprise.
2.Lcal peple expect the___________ (revive) f this ld traditin.
3.What they have dne leads t the develpment f________________(electricity) engineering.
4.It is nt always easy t tell whether yu are faced with a real_____________(emergent).
5.Peple in earthquake-hit areas began t recver slwly frm their nightmare f pain and_________(suffer).
6.It (strike) Tm that what he'd said abut Helen applied t him t.
7.A great many huses ______ (destry) in the earthquake and many peple became hmeless.
8.I was cmpletely ________ (breath) when I gt t the tp f the muntain.
9.The plane ____________(crash) int the muntain, but luckily the pilt survived.
10.He tk a deep ______ (breathe) and dived int the pl.
11.His parents always had him weeding the garden, carrying ut the garbage and ______ (deliver) newspapers.
12._____________ (bury) in his wrk, Jim simply frgt fd and sleep.
13.The smell is prving t be an increasingly________________(pwer) tl in encuraging peple t buy.
14.The sldiers did all they culd t rescue the nly__________ (survive) regardless f the danger f after shck.
15.He is nt such a fl as he lks like.In fact, he's a man f great_____________(wise) wh seems stupid.
完成句子
1. 地震之后，这座教堂成为了废墟。
After the earthquake, this church 2.他已经经历了所有的困难，最终获得了成功。
He all the difficulties and achieved success eventually.
3. 在考试中，要确保你写的所有东西都是跟问题相关的。
In the exam, that everything yu write is related t the questins yu have been asked.
4.那位老人自 1997 年就患有呼吸道疾病。
The ld man respiratry diseases since 1997.
5. 他表现得好像没有事情发生一样。
He behaved nthing had happened.
6.我发现他像往常一样在花园里做着美梦。
I fund him in the garden, dreaming away
医生建议青少年应该在户外锻炼。
The dctr suggests that teenagers shuld exercise
8. 他专心致志地学习，甚至没有注意到别人已经离开。
study, he didn’t even ntice that ther peple have left.
9.现在，先用你手上现有的东西完成任务。
Nw then, use what yu have t finish the task first.
10.我们谈话中提及的那部电影很棒。
The mvie in ur cnversatin was great.Part 1
单元词汇过关（写作词汇+核心词汇+高频词汇词性转换+重点句型）
Part 2
单元核心词汇精讲精练
Part 3
单元重点句型精讲精练
Part 4
单元核心词汇+句型跟踪检测
与现在事实相反
从句谓语动词用过去时(be动词用were)
与过去事实相反
从句谓语动词用过去完成时(had dne)
与将来事实相反
从句谓语动词用wuld/culd/might d