2023-2024学年广东省高三下学期一模英语试卷（含详细答案解析）

这是一份2023-2024学年广东省高三下学期一模英语试卷（含详细答案解析），共21页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，阅读七选五，完形填空，语法填空，任务型读写，书面表达等内容，欢迎下载使用。
一、阅读理解：本大题共15小题，共30分。
A
A
Welcme t WSU Libraries! In this guide, weˈll unlck the mysteries f call numbers and lcatin prefixes. Knwing these helps yu quickly lcate and access yur desired bks.
Call Numbers
Bks and material are arranged n ur shelves accrding t the Library f Cngress (LC) classificatin system. These call numbers uniquely identify and rganize items near ther material n the same r similar subjects. Cnsider the call number: LB2395 C65 1991.
♦ LB defines the subject area. The call letters are typically arranged in alphabetical (字母的) rder, starting frm A and cntinuing thrugh the alphabet. Knwing the letter(s) fr yur subject area gives yu a place t start brwsing the shelves. Fr example: A — General wrks; B — Philsphy, Psychlgy, Religin; D — wrld Histry; G — Gegraphy; H— scial sciences; J — Plitical science; K — Law; L— Educatin; M — Music; N — Arts; P— Language and Literature; Q — science. Fr mre, click here.
♦ 2395 is the classificatin number, which further distinguishes the subject matter. Read as a whle number: 1, 2, 3, 45, 100, 2430.
♦ C65 is the Cutter number and usually represents the authrˈs last name. Find C, then 65. Read the number as a decimal (小数).
♦ 1991 is the year f publicatin.
Lcatin Prefixes
Sme call numbers have a lcatin prefix. Lcatin prefixes mean that the bk r material is shelved in a special place, and may have lan restrictins. WSU uses the fllwing prefixes:
1.Which bk maybe identified under the call number “NU238 C719 2013” ?
A. An Intrductin t Mdern Art.B. The ABC f Cmputer science.
C. The Recycling f waste ils.D. A shrt Histry f France.
2.What wuld be the Cutter number if yu are lking fr a bk by Whitney Sherman?
A. C78.B. S53.C. W67.D. L59.
3.Where can yu find the bk “RES AG243 G87 1992”?
A. 0n the 2nd r 4th flr f the library.
B. In the Reference Area n the 1st flr.
C. In the Circulatin Area n the 1st flr.
D. At the Learning Resurces Center n the 2nd flr.
B
B
A Letter frm Willa Cather t President Tmas Masaryk
Hnred sir,
Yur letter, sent t me thrugh yur Legatin at Washingtn, cnfers upn me great hnr and gives me great pleasure. I am glad t have carried a message frm the
Bhemian (波希米亚) neighbrs, whm I grew up with, t their hme cuntry f the Czech Republic. I have just returned t New Yrk, where I had the pleasure f taking Annie Pavelka, the living “Antnia” in my bk My Antnia, and six f her children t the first screening f A Lst Lady. I have the gd frtune t preserve relatins with mst f my characters. “Antnia” and her splendid children are flesh and bld realities. Every time I g back t them, I feel hw much mre interesting and lvable they are than my picture f them. I wish I culd present them t yu in persn.
I regret that I cannt satisfactrily meet yur kind request fr bigraphical (传记的) material. I avid bigraphers, asking them t wait until I get my wrk further alng. My first nvel was published in 1912, and a perid f twelve years is hardly lng enugh fr a writer t find the frm best suited fr writing. I was nt yung when I began t write, and thugh living is a gd preparatin fr writing, I d need mre time t acquire a simple and mdest way f presenting my wrk, hwever well I knw what I wish t present.
I am able t send yu a very gd phtgraph taken recently. I enclse a shrt bigraphical accunt which my publishers use fr publicity purpses, and sme casual reviews. Bigraphies usually begin t cme alng just abut the time a writer has n mre t say, and Id nt feel that time has yet cme t me.
I beg yu, President Masaryk, t believe in my grateful appreciatin f yur letter.
Respectfully yurs,
Willa Cather
4.Wh is Antnia?
A. A directr f a mvie.B. A character in a bk.
C. Catherˈs relative in New Yrk.D. Catherˈs neighbr frm Bhemia.
5.What des the authr need fr a mst suitable writing style accrding t paragraph 3?
A. Time.B. Yuth.
C. Publishersˈ advice.D. Financial supprt.
6.What des writing a bigraphy mean t the authr accrding t paragraph 4?
A. An inspiratin t her readers.
B. A recrd f her achievements.
C. A windw int a writerˈs wrld.
D. An endpint in a writerˈs career.
7.What is the authrˈs purpse in writing this letter?
A. T rebuild her Bhemian cnnectin.
B. T decline the presidentˈs request.
C. T explain her philsphy f writing.
D. T appreciate the presidentˈs interest.
C
C
If yuˈve nticed yuˈre getting less while yur bill almst stays the same, itˈs nt just yu. “Shrinkflatin”— reducing a prductˈs size r quantity while keeping its price stable — is shwing up in shps arund the wrld.
As the glbal ecnmy struggles with inflatin (通货膨胀), rising material csts and higher human cst, cnsumers are bearing the increasing prductin prices. “Cnsumers are mre likely t ntice hw their purchases are affecting their wallets than the amunt f prduct lst when sizes decrease,” says Mark Stiving, the chief pricing educatr at Impact Pricing. As a result, cmpanies use shrinkflatin t make cnsumers “less painful”.
Yet even as shrinkflatin cmes with inflatin, the prblem desnˈt end after inflatin des. Once the new sizes are n the shelf, they are likely t stay that way. “Shppers dnˈt have a chice. They have t adapt themselves t the changes,” adds Stiving. There are rare exceptins, but cmpanies generally take the pprtunity t get mre prfits.
Fr many cmpanies, shrinkflatin seems t be unavidable. In fd industry, fr example, where custmers are highly sensitive t price, lifting prices might make custmers jump ship t anther brand. But facing the cntinuus inflatin, the cmpanies have t d smething t maintain their prfits. Intrducing small reductin in the size f their gds shuld enable them t imprve prfits while keeping their prices cmpetitive. But nce custmers ntice the change, they might feel fled, leading t a lss f trust and cnfidence.
Sme grcers are using stickers t remind shppers f shrinkflatin, but still, itˈs a tugh hit t the bttm line — especially because the price f prducts generally desnˈt fall as inflatin des. Cnsumers may need t examine bth price and size sensibly as they shp, and make sure they dnˈt fall int the trap f that super size n the shelf.
8.Why des shrinkflatin make cnsumers “less painful” accrding t Stiving?
A. Shrinkflatin reduces human cst.
B. Shrinkflatin raises purchasing pwer.
C. Cnsumers becme mre aware f size.
D. Cnsumers experience little increase in cst.
9.What is paragraph 3 mainly abut?
A. The cncerns f shppers.B. The interests f cmpanies.
C. The impact f shrinkflatin.D. The phenmenn f inflatin.
10.What is the authrˈs attitude t the shrinkflatin in paragraph 4?
A. Favrable.B. Objective.C. Dismissive.D. Unclear.
11.What shuld cnsumers d accrding t the last paragraph?
A. Draw a bttm line.B. Put warning stickers.
C. Chse smaller packs.D. Make a cnscius decisin.
D
D
We learn abut the wrld thrugh the knwledge accumulated ver thusands f years. standing n the shulders f great men, we dnˈt have t experience endless trial and errr, just as the wheels d nt have t be reinvented each time t run a car. But where des ur ability t learn frm thers cme frm?
A study led by Markus Paulus, prfessr at Lyla Marymunt University, shws that the ability has its rts in earliest childhd. “Itˈs generally assumed that childrenˈs ability t imitate (模仿) is inbrn, but accrding t ur bservatin, children imitate because they themselves are imitated by caregivers. This interactin enables a cultural transfer f knwledge, which, thrugh generatinsˈ effrts, cnsequently leads t the develpment f human beings,” says Markus Paulus.
In this research, Paulus recrded the interactin between mther and child ver several mnths. The babies came int the lab fr the first time at the age f6 mnths , while their final visit was when they were18 mnths ld. As they engaged in varius play situatins , the interactins and imitatins f mther and child were analyzed. The lng-term study shwed that the mre sensitive a mther was in her interactins with her six- mnth-ld child and the mre ften she imitated the baby, the greater the childˈs verall ability was at the age f18 mnths.
Paulusˈ research shws that mutual imitatin is the keystne f knwledge transfer , thrugh which children successfully learn varius skills, such as hw t use bjects , waving and acquisitin f language. “This interactin is the nucleus f learning and, finally, gives rise t evlutinary success f human,” says Paulus.
“ Cultural learning is an essential part f human evlutin, and it is rted in the imitatin f thers, particularly ur caregivers during ur earliest childhd,” says Paulus. “Thrugh this, we learn frm each ther and pass n knwledge t the next generatin, s certain actins r techniques d nt have t be cnstantly invented again. ”
12.Why des the authr mentin the example f wheels?
A. T praise the inventin f car wheels.
B. T describe the prcess f trial and errr.
C. T emphasize the necessity f new tls.
D. T shw the imprtance f prir knwledge.
13.What can we learn abut Paulusˈ research?
A. Childrenˈs imitatin was recrded by mthers.
B. Sensitive mthers encuraged childrenˈs imitatin.
C. Childrenˈs ability was analyzed thrugh interactin.
D. Effective interactin prmted childrenˈs develpment.
14.What des the underlined wrd “nucleus” mean in paragraph 4?
A. Cre.B. Result.C. Aim.D. Cntent.
15.Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A. Why des Evlutin Matter?
B. Hw t Interact with Children?
C. Imitatin: The Engine f Evlutin
D. Cultural Learning: The Rt f Imitatin
二、阅读七选五：本大题共5小题，共10分。
Getting lder means greater maturity and wisdm. ___16__ In a sciety that is aging fast, it has becme crucial t find ways t prevent related mental and emtinal disrders. Music emerges as a prmising tl fr prmting well-being f the elderly.
Music has a great pwer t cause strng emtins and intense pleasure. ___17___ singing and dancing t music with thers is nt nly fun but als imprves md. Musical activities are great ways t reduce stress because they take ur minds ff prblems. They als help us feel less lnely and mre cnnected with ther peple.
__18___ A sng may becme a sundtrack fr a particular time, such as a delightful party with friends that yu had alng time ag. Listening t that sng allws yu t remember all the happy memries frm that time.
Finally, music cntributes t keeping ur thinking skills sharp. It makes ur brains wrk hard in unique ways t understand the rhythm and meldy. ___19__ Fr example, expsure t backgrund music, particularly classical music, during cgnitive (认知的) tasks is shwn t imprve lder pepleˈs cgnitive prcesses, such as prcessing speed and wrking memry.
In cnclusin, music is a pwerful tl t fight against aging-related emtinal and cgnitive prblems. It is an enjyable and scial activity, available t anyne regardless f their backgrund r previus musical experience. ___20___
A. Music can als pen frgtten drs t ur memries.
B. Recalling happy memries can lift ur md n a bad day.
C. Even passive music listening can help elderly adults think better.
D. This helps peple feel better when they are depressed r anxius.
E. Hwever, it ften invlves a series f physical and mental challenges.
F. The ability t frm new memries is essential fr prcessing infrmatin.
G. Thus, this accessible interventin shuld becme a majr plicy pririty fr healthy aging.
16.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
17.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
18.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
19.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
20.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
三、完形填空：本大题共15小题，共22.5分。
Summer Claytn may nt have children in real life, but heˈs “a prud dad” t 2.8 millin peple n the Internet.
Every week, he sits dwn t dinner and has a ___21___ chat with his “kids”. He lks int the camera and asks abut their day. He ___22___ them hw t shave, and reminds them itˈs OK t be ___23___ when life hurts. T sme, his ne-way cnversatins may seem ___24___ . But his effrts have struck a chrd (引起共鸣) amng peple wh ___25___ a father figure — r just smene wh listens t their___26___in the daily life.
Claytn is a civilian fitness trainer in real life. He started ___27___n the Internet in late 2020 with inspiratinal and hw-t vides, and___28___ jkingly called him “dad”. His first vide t g viral was a shaving hw-t — a ___29___ t smene wh sent him a message asking, “Hey Dad, can yu teach me hw t shave?” The vide ____30____ , earning him tens f thusands f new fans within hurs.
Claytnˈs extended family cmes in all ____31____ . Many f his “kids” are ld enugh t be his parents. Claytnˈs ____32____ desnˈt seem t bther his fans. At 58, Sarah DˈImperi may nt seem like Claytnˈs target audience, but she believes that itˈs a(n) ____33____ idea, especially fr yungsters wh may nt have a paternal (父亲的) rle mdel that listens r has ___34____ t listen. “Itˈs just heartwarming t see smene trying t____35____ a small part f that rle fr anyne,” she says.
21.A. quickB. frmalC. secretD. virtual
22.A. trainsB. cnvincesC. teachesD. supprts
23.A. painfulB. peacefulC. shamefulD. hpeful
24.A. dullB. tughC. sillyD. brief
25.A. findB. needC. admitD. start
26.A. decisinsB. hbbiesC. excusesD. trubles
27.A. pstingB. prfitingC. searchingD. dnating
28.A. criticsB. fllwersC. expertsD. reprters
29.A. suggestinB. prmiseC. rewardD. respnse
30.A. caught upB. came utC. blew upD. held ut
31.A. placesB. agesC. typesD. classes
32.A. faithB. experienceC. yuthD. appearance
33.A. brilliantB. ambitiusC. cmplicatedD. abstract
34.A. luckB. timeC. energyD. hnr
35.A. valueB. createC. defineD. fill
四、语法填空：本大题共1小题，共15分。
36.Brn int an ethnic Mia family in rural Guizhu Prvince, Zhang was expsed frm a yung age t the rich traditin f Mia embridery (刺绣) — ___1___ cultural craft that has been passed dwn thrugh generatins. She spent cuntless hurs as a child ___2___ (bserve) her mther and grandmther stitching fancy patterns nt fabrics by hand. In 2003, hping t mdernize and share this heritage, she pened her first clthing shp in the prvincial capital.
A decade later, Zhang ___3___(establish) her wn clthing brand fcused n cmbining traditinal Chinese-style qipa dresses with clrful custmized embridery patterns. “We have trained hundreds f lcal Mia wmen in the ancient needlewrk techniques,” Zhang ___4___ (prud) remarked. “The clthing line celebrates their breathtaking handiwrk, ___5___ I hpe advances my hme villageˈs revitalizatin.”
Her ___6___ (cmmit) t cultural preservatin and rural develpment was recgnized in 2019, when the China wmenˈs Handicraft Innvatin and Entrepreneurship Cmpetitin ___7___(hld) and Zhangˈs innvative design cllectin wn tp hnrs. In an interview afterwards, she reflected n bth preserving traditinal skills thrugh new media, ___8___expanding ecnmic pprtunities fr artisans. We attach equal imprtance ___9___ cultural inheritance and market expansin,” Zhang stated. “In the future, weˈll cntinue innvating designs ___10___(display) Mia embrideryˈs beauty and diversity.”
(1) ________
(2) ________
(3) ________
(4) ________
(5) ________
(6) ________
(7) ________
(8) ________
(9) ________
(10) ________
五、任务型读写：本大题共1小题，共25分。
37.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
When Mary entered the suth Ple Penguin Research Lab, she saw her friend Tm gently strking (轻抚) a penguin in his arms. As children f the lab scientists, Mary and Tm ften bserved the emperr penguins that were studied t understand hw they adapted t extreme temperatures —insights that culd aid human survival.
“Weˈre thirteen, Tm. Itˈs time t grw up and stp playing with the lab penguins,” said Mary as she started cleaning. “Theyˈre research animals, nt pets.”
“But the birds listen t me1” insisted Tm, his breath frming a clud in the freezing air. “Yuˈre just trying t be a penguin whisperer again,” Mary replied, shaking her head with a gentle smile. The penguins seemed playful as they walked, dve, swam and chased their live fish fr sprt befre eating.
Suddenly , an alarm rang ut and red lights flashed , signaling a prblem. The kids rushed ver t lk int it. “Itˈs clder than befre —thereˈs ice frming n the water,” nted Tm. Thugh always cld, Mary had never seen ice here befre. She checked the habitat mnitr and fund that the temperature had gne dwn a lt. “The heater must be brken!”
Mary quickly sent a message t their parentsˈ research team, wh were cnducting utdr studies. With the adults away, the kids wuld have t deal with the freezing cnditins until help arrived.
Time dragged as Mary and Tm anxiusly waited. The increasing cld caused them t shake. “I wnder what emperr penguins d in extreme cld, since they stay in the Ple all winter instead f ging smewhere warmer,” asked Mary. “They huddle (挤作一团), ” Tm answered. “They huddle tgether tightly s that the birds in the middle will be warm enugh.”“ What abut the nes n the edge?” Mary asked. “They push their way twards the center, and then mve back ut t the edge, and struggle back again. Scientists in the early 21st century recrded it.” He replied as he stared at the large crwd f the penguins in the lab.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150 左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
”I have an idea t stay warm1" Tm shuted excitedly.
_______________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
Tw and a half hurs later , the parents returned with help.
_________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
六、书面表达：本大题共1小题，共25分。
38.假定你是李华，你校将举办“经典文化探索展”，并通过网络进行直播。请你给外国笔友 Hans写封邮件，邀请他在线观看。内容包括：
1. 活动介绍；
2.观看时间、方式；
3.你的期待。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80 左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Hans,
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】A、B、C
【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要讲述的是WSU图书馆使用指南的说明文。它详细解释了如何利用图书馆的藏书系统，特别是如何通过书目的索书号和位置前缀来快速定位并获取所需的书籍。
1. 细节理解题。根据文章Call Numbers部分中的“Fr example: A — General wrks; B — Philsphy, Psychlgy, Religin; D — wrld Histry; G — Gegraphy; H— scial sciences; J — Plitical science; K — Law; L— Educatin; M — Music; N — Arts; P— Language and Literature; Q — science.(例如：A.一般作品；B. 哲学、心理学、宗教；D. 世界历史；G. 地理；H. 社会科学；J. 政治学；K. 定律；L. 教育；M. 音乐；N. 艺术；P. 语言文学；Q. 科学。)”可知，索书号N代表了艺术类书籍，A选项“An Intrductin t Mdern Art.(现代艺术概论)”的索书号可能为“NU238 C719 2013”。故选A。
2. 细节理解题。根据文章Call Numbers部分中的“♦ C65 is the Cutter number and usually represents the authr’s last name. Find C, then 65 . Read the number as a decimal(小数) .(C65是卡特号，通常代表作者的姓氏。先找到C，然后找到65。这个号码需要作为小数来读取。)”可判断，如果想找Whitney Sherman的书，我们可以使用卡特号索引，用作者的姓氏开头字母S。故选B。
3. 细节理解题。根据文章表格中的Res部分中的“1st flr, Circulatin Area”可知，Res开头的索书号存放在图书馆一楼Circulatin Area；书号为“RES AG243 G87 1992”的书可以图书馆一楼Circulatin Area找到。故选C。
4~7.【答案】B、A、D、B
【解析】【文章大意】这是一封应用文。文章介绍了美国作家Willa Cather礼貌谢绝Tmas Masaryk总统索要详尽的个人传记资料的请求。
1. 细节理解题。根据第二段“I have just returned t New Yrk, where I had the pleasure f taking Annie Pavelka, the living “Antnia” in my bk My Antnia, and six f her children t the first screening f A Lst Lady.(我刚刚回到纽约，在那里我有幸带着我的书My Antnia中活生生的“安东尼娅”安妮·帕维尔卡和她的六个孩子去看了《迷失的女人》的第一场放映)”可知，Antnia是书中的人物。故选B。
2. 细节理解题。根据第三段“I was nt yung when I began t write, and thugh living is a gd preparatin fr writing, I d need mre time t acquire a simple and mdest way f presenting my wrk, hwever well I knw what I wish t present.(我开始写作的时候并不年轻，虽然生活是写作的一个很好的准备，但我确实需要更多的时间来掌握一种简单而谦虚的方式来展示我的作品，无论我多么清楚我想展示什么)”可知，作者表达了拒绝的遗憾，并解释她需要时间去完善写作风格。故选A。
3. 推理判断题。根据第四段“Bigraphies usually begin t cme alng just abut the time a writer has n mre t say, and Id nt feel that time has yet cme t me.(传记通常是在作家无话可说的时候开始出现的，而我却不觉得时机已经到了)”可推知，写传记对作者来说意味着作家生涯的终点。故选D。
4. 推理判断题。根据第三段“I regret that I cannt satisfactrily meet yur kind request fr bigraphical (传记的) material.(很遗憾，我不能满意地满足您对传记资料的要求)”以及文章内容可知，这封信的目的是谢绝Masaryk总统索要详尽的个人传记资料的请求。为此，作者首先感谢总统的来信；分享与过去的人和小说中的人物联系的喜悦；解释不能提供传记材料的原因；附上一张近照和一段简短的传记以示对该请求的尊重和感激。故选B。
8~11.【答案】D、C、B、D
【解析】【文章大意】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述一种经济学现象：缩水式通货膨胀，及其原因和影响。
1. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“‘Cnsumers are mre likely t ntice hw their purchases are affecting their wallets than the amunt f prduct lst when sizes decrease,ˈ says Mark Stiving, the chief pricing educatr at Impact Pricing. As a result, cmpanies use shrinkflatin t make cnsumers ‘less painfulˈ.(Impact pricing的首席定价教育专家Mark Stiving表示：‘当尺寸减小时，消费者更有可能注意到他们的购买对他们钱包的影响，而不是产品损失的数量。’因此，企业利用缩水式通胀让消费者‘不那么痛苦’)”可知，相比于商品尺寸的减少，消费者更关注价格的波动，因此，缩水式通货膨胀来使消费者成本几乎没有增加，从而“不那么痛苦”，故选D。
2. 主旨大意题。根据第三段内容，结合前两句“Yet even as shrinkflatin cmes with inflatin, the prblem desnˈt end after inflatin des. Once the new sizes are n the shelf, they are likely t stay that way.(然而，即使缩水式通胀伴随着通胀而来，问题也不会在通胀结束后才结束。一旦新尺码上市，它们很可能会一直保持这种状态)”可知，本段主要讲述缩水式通货膨胀的后续影响，即产品的尺寸一旦减少，后续可能很难再变回来，故选C。
3. 推理判断题。根据第四段“Fr many cmpanies, shrinkflatin seems t be unavidable. In fd industry, fr example, where custmers are highly sensitive t price, lifting prices might make custmers jump ship t anther brand. But facing the cntinuus inflatin, the cmpanies have t d smething t maintain their prfits. Intrducing small reductin in the size f their gds shuld enable them t imprve prfits while keeping their prices cmpetitive. But nce custmers ntice the change, they might feel fled, leading t a lss f trust and cnfidence.(对许多公司来说，缩水式通胀似乎是不可避免的。例如，在消费者对价格高度敏感的食品行业，提高价格可能会让消费者跳槽到另一个品牌。但是面对持续的通货膨胀，公司不得不做些什么来维持他们的利润。把产品的尺寸缩小一点可以使他们在保持价格竞争力的同时提高利润。但是，一旦客户注意到这种变化，他们可能会觉得自己被愚弄了，从而导致信任和信心的丧失)”可知，作者在本段中提到迫于市场的诸多因素，对许多公司来说缩水式通货膨胀是无法避免的，这可以保证其公司在市场的竞争力。但消费者可能会感觉受到了欺骗，导致信任和信心的丧失。因此，作者对于缩水式通货膨胀的态度是客观的，既指出了其带来的问题，也指出了其对公司的好处，故选B。
4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Cnsumers may need t examine bth price and size sensibly as they shp, and make sure they dnˈt fall int the trap f that super size n the shelf.(消费者在购物时可能需要理智地检查价格和尺码，并确保自己不会落入货架上超大尺码的陷阱)”可知，本段提到消费者在购物时需要明智地考虑价格和尺寸，确保自己不会陷入价格陷阱。因此，消费者应该做出明智的决定，故选D。
12~15.【答案】D、D、A、C
【解析】【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了模仿对于人际互动，学习和人类文明演进的重要性。
1. 推理判断题。根据第一段“We learn abut the wrld thrugh the knwledge accumulated ver thusands f years. standing n the shulders f great men, we dnˈt have t experience endless trial and errr, just as the wheels d nt have t be reinvented each time t run a car. But where des ur ability t learn frm thers cme frm?(我们通过几千年积累的知识来了解世界。站在伟人的肩膀上，我们不必经历无尽的尝试和错误，就像汽车的轮子不必每次都重新发明一样。但是我们向别人学习的能力从何而来呢？)”和第二段“Itˈs generally assumed that childrenˈs ability t imitate (模仿) is inbrn, but accrding t ur bservatin, children imitate because they themselves are imitated by caregivers. This interactin enables a cultural transfer f knwledge, which, thrugh generatinsˈ effrts, cnsequently leads t the develpment f human beings(人们通常认为孩子的模仿能力是天生的，但根据我们的观察，孩子模仿是因为他们自己被照顾者模仿。这种相互作用使知识的文化转移成为可能，通过几代人的努力，知识的文化转移最终导致了人类的发展)”可推知，作者提到轮子的例子是为了强调先前知识的重要性。正是站在巨人的肩膀上，我们不必再重新进行研究和试验。故选D。
2. 细节理解题。根据第三段“The lng-term study shwed that the mre sensitive a mther was in her interactins with her six- mnth-ld child and the mre ften she imitated the baby, the greater the childˈs verall ability was at the age f18 mnths.(这项长期研究表明，母亲在与6个月大的孩子互动时越敏感，她模仿孩子的次数越多，孩子在18个月大时的整体能力就越强)”可知，Paulus的研究表明，妈妈越频繁地模仿孩子，孩子的发育水平越好。因此可知，有效的互动促进了孩子们的发展。故选D。
3. 词义猜测题。根据划线词下文“f learning and, finally, gives rise t evlutinary success f human”可知，这种相互作用最终导致了人类进化的成功，说明是学习的核心，故划线词意思是“核心”。故选A。
4. 主旨大意题。根据最后一段““Cultural learning is an essential part f human evlutin, and it is rted in the imitatin f thers, particularly ur caregivers during ur earliest childhd,” says Paulus. “Thrugh this, we learn frm each ther and pass n knwledge t the next generatin, s certain actins r techniques d nt have t be cnstantly invented again.”(“文化学习是人类进化的重要组成部分，它植根于对他人的模仿，尤其是我们童年早期的照顾者，”保卢斯说。“通过这种方式，我们相互学习，并将知识传授给下一代，因此某些动作或技术不必不断地重新发明。”)”结合文章主要讲述了模仿在人类进化中的重要性，强调了模仿对于人类进化的推动作用。因此，最佳标题应该是“模仿：进化的引擎”。故选C。
16~20.【答案】E、D、A、C、G
【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述的是音乐对于老年人身心健康的好处，音乐能够引起强烈的情感和愉悦感、音乐活动有助于减轻压力、音乐能够触发记忆以及音乐有助于保持思维敏锐。
1. 根据空后“In a sciety that is aging fast, it has becme crucial t find ways t prevent related mental and emtinal disrders.(在一个快速老龄化的社会中，找到预防相关精神和情感障碍的方法变得至关重要。)”可知，老年人情感方面会产生问题。选项E“Hwever, it ften invlves a series f physical and mental challenges.(然而，它通常涉及一系列身体和精神上的挑战。)”指出变老会在身体和心理上出现问题，与空前内容“Getting lder means greater maturity and wisdm.(变老意味着更加成熟和智慧。)”形成转折，同时自然引出下文内容，符合语境。故选E。
2. 根据空前内容“Music has a great pwer t cause strng emtins and intense pleasure.(音乐有一种巨大的力量，能引起强烈的情感和强烈的快乐。)”可知，音乐能够引起强烈的情感和快乐。选项D“This helps peple feel better when they are depressed r anxius.(这有助于人们在抑郁或焦虑时感觉好一些。)”中的“this”指的正是上文提到的音乐所具有的力量，而这种力量能让人们在抑郁或焦虑时感觉好一些。故选D。
3. 空处为段首句，为本段主旨句。根据下文“A sng may becme a sundtrack fr a particular time , such as a delightful party with friends that yu had a lng time ag. Listening t that sng allws yu t remember all the happy memries frm that time.(一首歌可能成为某一特定时刻的配乐，比如很久以前你和朋友一起参加的一个愉快的聚会。听那首歌会让你想起那时候所有的快乐回忆。)”可知，本段主要讲述的是音乐可以让你想起曾经的快乐的回忆。选项A“Music can als pen frgtten drs t ur memries.(音乐也可以打开被遗忘的记忆之门。)”指的是音乐可以让我们想起曾经的记忆，与本段内容相符，适合作为主旨句，引领下文。故选A。
4. 根据下文“Fr example, expsure t backgrund music, particularly classical music, during cgnitive(认知的) tasks is shwn t imprve lder peple’s cgnitive prcesses, such as prcessing speed and wrking memry.(例如，在认知任务中，暴露在背景音乐中，特别是古典音乐，被证明可以改善老年人的认知过程，如处理速度和工作记忆。)”可知，下文例子想要表达的是置身于音乐之中就可以改善老年人的认知过程。选项C“Even passive music listening can help elderly adults think better.(即使是被动听音乐也能帮助老年人更好地思考。)”与下文内容一致，指的是音乐可以提高老年人的思维能力。故选C。
5. 根据上文“In cnclusin, music is a pwerful tl t fight against aging-related emtinal and cgnitive prblems. It is an enjyable and scial activity, available t anyne regardless f their backgrund r previus musical experience.(总之，音乐是对抗与衰老相关的情感和认知问题的有力工具。这是一项令人愉快的社交活动，任何人都可以参加，无论他们的背景或以前的音乐经历如何。)”可知，本段是全文的总结，指出音乐是延缓老年人衰老的重要方式。选项G“Thus, this accessible interventin shuld becme a majr plicy pririty fr healthy aging.(因此，这种可获得的干预措施应成为健康老龄化的主要政策优先事项。)”是上文内容的总结，指出既然音乐可以延缓老年人衰老，那么我们可以让这种干预措施成为健康老龄化的主要政策优先事项。故选G。
21~35.【答案】D、C、A、C、B、D、A、B、D、C、B、C、A、B、D
【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了Summer Claytn虽然在现实世界中没有孩子，但他通过在网上扮演父亲的形象和孩子说话，发布了许多具有启发性、指导性的的视频，成为网上280万人的“骄傲爸爸”。
1. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每周，他都会坐下来吃饭，并与他的“孩子们”进行虚拟聊天。A. quick快速的；B. frmal正规的；C. secret秘密的；D. virtual虚拟的。根据上文中的“heˈs ‘a prud dadˈ t 2.8 millin peple n the Internet”和下文中的“He lks int the camera and asks abut their day.(他看着镜头，询问他们一天的情况。)”可知，他在网上和“孩子们”进行虚拟聊天。故选D。
2. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他教他们如何刮胡子，并提醒他们在生活造成伤害时痛苦是正常的。A. trains训练；B. cnvinces使相信；C. teaches教；D. supprts支持。根据下文中的“His first vide t g viral was a shaving hw-t”可知，他教“孩子们”如何刮胡子。故选C。
3. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A. painful困难的，令人痛苦的；B. peaceful和平的；C. shameful丢脸的；D. hpeful抱有希望的。根据空后的“when life hurts”可知，在生活中受伤时，感到痛苦是没什么的。故选A。
4. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对一些人来说，他的单向对话可能看起来很愚蠢。A. dull枯燥无味的；B. tugh艰难的；C. silly傻的，愚蠢的；D. brief短暂的。根据下句But可知，前后句之间是转折关系。根据下句“But his effrts have struck a chrd (引起共鸣) amng peple wh ___5___a father figure — r just smene wh listens t their___6___in the daily life.”可知，他的努力在一些人当中能够引起共鸣，再结合常识可知，他单方面的对话可能在一些人看来很愚蠢。故选C。
5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但在需要一个父亲形象或者只是一个在日常生活中倾听他们烦恼的人的那些人当中——他的努力引起了共鸣。A. find发现；B. need需要；C. admit承认；D. start开始。根据空后的“a father figure — r just smene wh listens t their___6___in the daily life”和下文中的“especially fr yungsters wh may nt have a paternal(父亲的) rle mdel”可知，这些人需要一个父亲形象，或一个在日常生活中倾听他们烦恼的人。故选B。
6. 考查名词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A. decisins决定；B. hbbies爱好；C. excuses借口；D. trubles问题，苦恼。根据上文“He lks int the camera and asks abut their day.”和空前的“listens t their”可知，这里指倾听他们在日常生活中的烦恼。故选D。
7. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：2020年末，他开始在互联网上发布具有启发性和指导性的视频，粉丝们开玩笑地称他为“爸爸”。A. psting发布；B. prfiting获益；C. searching搜索；D. dnating捐赠。根据句中的“with inspiratinal and hw-t vides”可知，这里指的是在网上发布视频。故选A。
8. 考查名词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A. critics批评家；B. fllwers追随者，拥护者；C. experts专家；D. reprters记者。根据上文中的“heˈs ‘a prud dadˈ t 2.8 millin peple n the Internet”可知，他是网上280万人的“爸爸”，由此可知，他的粉丝们（追随者）称呼他“爸爸”。故选B。
9. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的第一段疯传的视频是一段如何刮胡子的视频——这是对一个给他发信息的人的回应，这个人问道，“嘿，爸爸，你能教我刮胡子吗？”A. suggestin建议；B. prmise承诺；C. reward奖励；D. respnse回答，反应。根据空后的“t smene wh sent him a message asking, ‘Hey Dad, can yu teach me hw t shave?ˈ”可知，网上有人问他能否教刮胡子，作为回应，他出了一段如何刮胡子的视频。故选D。
10. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：这个视频大火，在几个小时内为他赢得了数万名新粉丝。A. caught up赶上；B. came ut出来，出现；C. blew up爆发；D. held ut坚持。根据句中的“earning him tens f thusands f new fans within hurs”可知，这个视频在几小时内就涨粉上万人，所以是火爆了。故选C。
11. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Claytn的大家庭来自各个年龄段。A. places地方；B. ages年龄；C. types类型；D. classes班级。根据下文中的“Many f his ‘kidsˈ are ld enugh t be his parents.(他的许多‘孩子’都大到足以当他的父母了。)”可知，他的“孩子们”年龄不同。故选B。
12. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Claytn的年轻似乎并不困扰他的粉丝。A. faith信心；B. experience经验；C. yuth年轻；D. appearance外表。根据上文中的“Many f his ‘kidsˈ are ld enugh t be his parents.(他的许多‘孩子’都大到足以当他的父母了。)”可知，有些粉丝的年纪比Claytn大，但Claytn的年轻并没有困扰粉丝。故选C。
13. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：58岁的Sarah DˈImperi看起来可能不是Claytn的目标观众，但她相信这是一个极好的主意，尤其是对于那些可能没有父亲榜样倾听或有时间倾听的年轻人来说。A. brilliant巧妙的，极好的；B. ambitius有抱负的；C. cmplicated复杂的；D. abstract抽象的。根据下文中的“Itˈs just heartwarming t see smene trying t___15___a small part f that rle fr anyne”可知，她认为Claytn的做法很暖心，这是一个极好的主意。故选A。
14. 考查名词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A. luck运气；B. time时间；C. energy能量；D. hnr荣誉。结合前面的“may nt have a paternal (父亲的) rle mdel”可知，有些青少年的生活中没有能够倾听他们或者匀出时间倾听他们的父亲角色。故选B。
15. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她说：“看到有人试图为任何人扮演这个角色的一小部分，真是令人暖心。”A. value珍惜；B. create创造；C. define给……下定义；D. fill装满，填满，担任。根据上文中的“yungsters wh may nt have a paternal (父亲的) rle mdel”可知，有些人的生活中没有可靠的父亲角色，而Claytn为这些人扮演了一小部分父亲角色。故选D。
36.【答案】【小题1】
a
【小题2】
bserving
【小题3】
established
【小题4】
prudly
【小题5】
which
【小题6】
cmmitment
【小题7】
was held
【小题8】
and
【小题9】
t
【小题10】
t display
【解析】1. 考查不定冠词。句意：张出生在贵州农村的一个苗族家庭，从小就接触到丰富的苗绣传统，这是一种代代相传的文化工艺。分析句子结构可知，此处为同位语，意为“一个被一代代传承下来的手艺”，应用不定冠词，cultural首字母的发音为辅音音素。故填a。
2. 考查非谓语动词。句意：当她还是个孩子的时候，她花了无数的时间观察她的母亲和祖母用手在织物上缝制奇特的图案。此处考查spend … (in) ding sth，意为“花费……做某事”，此处应用动名词作宾语，故填bserving。
3. 考查一般过去时。句意：十年后，张创立了自己的服装品牌，专注于将传统中式旗袍与彩色定制刺绣图案相结合。分析句子结构可知，此处填谓语动词，且前面有时间状语a decade later，表示过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，故填established。
4. 考查副词。句意：“我们已经培训了数百名当地苗族妇女学习古代刺绣技术，”张自豪地说。此处修饰动词remarked，应用副词形式，故填prudly。
5. 考查定语从句。句意：服装系列颂扬他们令人惊叹的手工作品，我希望这能促进我家乡的振兴。分析句子结构可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前文的整句话，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which，故填which。
6. 考查名词。句意：2019年，中国妇女手工艺创新创业大赛举办，她对文化保护和农村发展的贡献得到了认可，她的创新设计系列获得了最高荣誉。结合空前的Her可知，此处用名词作主语，cmmitment“奉献，投入”，不可数名词，故填cmmitment。
7. 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意同上。分析句子可知，此处为非限制性定语从句中的谓语部分，时间状语为in 2019，且比赛是被举行，故用一般过去时的被动语态，主语the China wmenˈs Handicraft Innvatin and Entrepreneurship Cmpetitin表示单数意义，故填was held。
8. 考查并列连词。句意：在随后的采访中，她反思了通过新媒体保护传统技能和为工匠扩大经济机会的问题。分析句子可知，此处考查bth…and…结构，故填and。
9. 考查介词。句意：“我们同样重视文化传承和市场拓展。”张说。分析句子可知，此处考查attach imprtance t…结构，意为“重视”，故填t。
10. 考查非谓语动词。句意：未来，我们将继续创新设计来展现苗绣的美和多样性。根据句意可知，此处指“我们将继续创新设计来展现苗绣的美和多样性”，此处表示目的，应用动词不定式作目的状语，故填t display。
37.【答案】“I have an idea t stay warm!” Tm shuted excitedly. Spreading his arms, he suggested jining the penguin huddles. Wrried that the penguins wuldnˈt let them, Mary hesitated but was sn persuaded by Tmˈs assuring grin. He slwly apprached the crwded penguins, cruching dwn. Gently strking them with care, he whispered sftly. Thugh startled at first, the penguins recgnized Tm and let him int their grup. Mary quickly fllwed. The children squeezed int the huddleˈs edge with the penguins. Just as the birds did, they mved tward the middle and back ut as the grup shifted.
Tw and a half hurs later, the parents returned with help. Rushing in calling fr the kids, they were surprised. The children were safely surrunded by Emperrs in a large bundle. When asked hw they stayed warm, the kids lked at each ther prudly. “We used what the Emperr Penguins d,” they tld their parents. Mary patted Tmˈs shulder with admiratin, calling him a penguin whisperer. With a big smile, Tm gave credit t the penguins wh taught them a lt. Their teamwrk had seen them thrugh the difficult cld with the penguinsˈ aid.
【解析】【文章大意】本文以动物为线索展开，讲述了一个关于爱护动物以及通过学习帝企鹅的保暖方式度过严寒的故事。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“我有一个保暖的主意!”Tm兴奋地喊道。”以及第二段首句内容“两个半小时后，父母带着救援人员回来了。”可知，第一段可描写Tm想到可以向帝企鹅学习度过严寒。
②由第二段首句内容“两个半小时后，父母带着救援人员回来了。”可知，第二段可描写父母惊讶地发现孩子们和帝企鹅团在一起从而保持温暖活了下来。
2.续写线索：Tm和Mary一起在南极企鹅研究实验室观察帝企鹅——他们从小就研究帝企鹅，非常熟悉这些动物——突然Mary发现实验室的加热器坏了——Mary向父母求救，但是父母在户外进行研究——实验室越来越冷，孩子们开始想办法保暖——Tm突然想起帝企鹅在严寒中是如何保暖的——于是，两个孩子加入了实验室的企鹅群，和企鹅们团在了一起——父母回来后，惊讶地发现帝企鹅正围着孩子们，孩子也安然无恙
3.词汇激活
行为类
①建议：suggest/advise
②靠近：apprach/cme clse t
③称赞：give credit t/praise
情绪类
①担忧的：wrried/cncerned/anxius
②惊讶的：surprised/amazed/astnished
【点睛】【高分句型1】When asked hw they stayed warm, the kids lked at each ther prudly.（运用了hw引导的宾语从句）
【高分句型2】With a big smile, Tm gave credit t the penguins wh taught them a lt.（运用了wh引导的定语从句）
38.【答案】Dear Hans,
I hpe this email finds yu well. Iˈm excited t share that ur schl will be hsting a “Classic Culture Explratin Exhibitin,” and I wuld be thrilled if yu culd jin us fr the nline live streaming f the event.
The exhibitin will shwcase a diverse range f classic cultural artifacts, literature, and art, which ffers a fascinating explratin f ur rich heritage. The live streaming will take place at 9 AM Beijing next Friday, and yu can jin in thrugh ur schlˈs fficial website as attached belw.
Iˈm lking frward t having yu virtually with us fr this enriching experience. Yur participatin will surely add t the enjyment f the event.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【解析】【文章大意】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以李华的身份，邀请外国笔友Hans在线观看学校“经典文化探索展”的网络直播，内容包括：活动介绍、观看时间及方式和期待。
【详解】1.词汇积累
提供：ffer→prvide
参加：jin in→participate in
参与：participatin→invlvement
必定：surely→certainly
2.句式拓展
并列句变复合句
原句：The live streaming will take place at 9 AM Beijing next Friday, and yu can jin in thrugh ur schlˈs fficial website as attached belw.
拓展句：The live streaming will take place at 9 AM Beijing next Friday, when yu can jin in thrugh ur schlˈs fficial website as attached belw.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Iˈm excited t share that ur schl will be hsting a “Classic Culture Explratin Exhibitin,” and I wuld be thrilled if yu culd jin us fr the nline live streaming f the event.（运用了that引导宾语从句和虚拟语气）
【高分句型2】The exhibitin will shwcase a diverse range f classic cultural artifacts, literature, and art, which ffers a fascinating explratin f ur rich heritage.（运用了which引导非限制性定语从句）