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【小学冠词考点聚焦】
考点1.不定冠词a与an
在下列名词前填上 a 或an。
1. ________ picture 2. _________ ear 3. _________ duck
4. ________ elephant 5. ________ girl 6. _________ apple
7. ________ hur 8. ________ actr 9. _________ university10. ______useful bk
【答案】1. a 2. an 3. a 4. an 5.a 6. an 7. an 8. an 9. a 10. a
考点2.定冠词the
1. —Wh’s _______by in _______sweater?
—He’s David.
A. a; the B. the; a C. the; the D. a; a
【答案】B
【解析】句意:穿着一件毛衣的男孩是谁?毛衣是可数名词单数,前面用a修饰。男孩特指穿毛衣那个。
2.______ mn ges arund ______ earth.
A. A; anB. The; an C. An; the D. The; the
【答案】D
【解析】mn月球,earth地球,独一无二的事物前要用the。
用a, an或 the填空,若不需要填写, 则划“/”。
1. She is ________ university student.
2. Peter lives in ________ secnd flr.
3. It takes me ________ hur t g t schl.
4. Excuse me, where is ________ bkstre?
5. Tmrrw is ________ Sunday.
【答案】1. a 2.the 3. an 4. the 5. /
【初中冠词考点聚焦】
考点清单
冠词是虚词,本身不能单独使用,也没有词义,它用在名词前,帮助指明名词的含义。
英语中的冠词有三种,一种是定冠词,另一种是不定冠词,还有一种是零冠词。a/an叫不定冠词,the叫定冠词。a用在辅音音素开头的单词之前,an用在元音音素开头的单词之前。如:a university, an hur, a bk, an apple等。
考点一 不定冠词的用法
⑴ a和an均用在单数名词之前,泛指某一类人或事物。如:Jhn is a student. // Mary is an English teacher.
⑵ 表示数量“一”,但数的概念不如ne强烈。如:Pass me an apple, please. // I have a cmputer and a car.
⑶ 指某人或某物,但不具体指明是哪个人或物。如:A student wants t see yu. // A girl is waiting fr yu utside.
⑷ 表示“每一”的意思,相当于every。如:Take the medicine three times a day. // They g t see their parents nce a week.
⑸ 用在序数词前表示“又一,再一”。如:I’ve tried three times. Let me try a furth time.
⑹ 用在某些固定短语中。 如:a few/little, a cup/bttle f, catch a cld/bus, have a gd time, have a lk, in a minute, make a mistake, a lt f, have a rest, half an hur, a kind f, a number f, make a cntributin, have a talk with等。
1.Several years ag, I wrked fr English newspaper which was ding such research.
答案 an 考查冠词。设空处修饰其后的English newspaper,由语境可知,此处表泛指,又因English以元音音素开头,因此设空处填不定冠词an。
2.He culd learn sme new skills with the help f Nathan. It wuld be exciting experience.
答案 an 考查冠词。在本句中,名词experience“经历,体验”是可数名词,此处表泛指,即一次令人兴奋的经历/体验,exciting为元音音素开头的单词,故使用不定冠词an。
3. Ed went t study art in Paris and became artist.
答案 an 考查冠词。这里为泛指,表示一名艺术家,所以填不定冠词,且artist以元音音素开头,因此答案是an。
4.Yur best friend is telling yu jke, but yu can’t catch it!
答案 a 本题考查不定冠词。tell a jke 讲笑话。
5.In the kitchen,there was surprise fr Claudi—his favrite pancakes.
答案 a 本题考查冠词。此处表泛指,且surprise以辅音音素开头,故填a。
6.What’s amazing is that Beth hasn’t ever been t drum lessn.
答案 a 本题考查冠词。此处表示泛指,且drum以辅音音素开头,故填a。
考点二 定冠词用法
⑴ 特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。如:The girl in red is my sister. // The man with a flwer in his hand is Jack.
⑵ 指谈话双方都熟悉的人或事物。如:Pass me the ball, please. // Open the dr, please.
⑶ 指上文已经提到的人或事物。如:I bught a pen yesterday. The pen is fr my brther.
I saw a film last night. The film is abut Jim. // There is a man under the tree. The man is called Rbert.
⑷ 用在世界上独一无二的名词前。如:The sun rises frm the east. // The earth turns arund the sun.
⑸ 用在序数词、形容词最高级(副词最高级前the可省略)以及表示方位的名词的前面。如:Wh is the first ne t g? //Of all the stars, the sun is the nearest t the earth. // There will be strng wind t the suth f the Yangtze River.
【提醒】序数词前通常要加the,但表示在原来基础上另加一(个)时,则在序数词前加a。如:
a secnd language (除母语外的)第二语言
⑹ 用在与play连用的西洋乐器名词前构成固定搭配“play+the+乐器名称”。如:play the pian/the vilin /guitar
⑺ 用在江河、湖泊、海洋、山脉、群岛等名称的前面。如:the Changjiang River;the Pacific Ocean;the West Lake。
⑻ 用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前(如:国家名称、机关团体、阶级)等。如:
the Great Wall;the Frbidden City;the Red Army;// He is frm the United States f America.
⑼ 用在姓氏的复数形式前,表示全家人或夫妇二人。如:
The Lis have mved t Beijing. // The Greens are ging t Munt Emei next mnth.
⑽ 用在某些形容词前,表示一类人或事物。如:the pr穷人;the blind盲人;the rich富人;the ld老人;the sick病人。
⑾ 用于单数可数名词前,泛指某一类。如:The hrse is a useful animal.
⑿ 用于“动词+sb.+介词+the+身体部位”。如:He catch me by the arm. // She hit him n the nse. // I lked him in the face.
⒀ 用在表示“……世纪……年代”的结构前,年份后面加“-s”。如:in the 1990s在二十世纪九十年代
⒁ 用在一些习惯用语中。如:in the sky在天空中;in the middle f…在……的中间;all the year rund一年到头;at the same time (与此同时);make the bed(铺床);in the end(最后);all the time(一直);by the way(顺便说一下);n the way(在路上);in the mrning (afternn, evening);n the left(right);at the end f等。
1.But with scial⁃distancing(社交距离)rules in United States, many summer camps face difficult decisins.
答案 the 考查冠词。the United States美国。
2.Fr first time in his life, Mr Happy lst his smile.
答案 the 句意:Happy先生第一次失去了他的笑容。考查冠词。fr the first time为固定搭配。
3.I tk him t cmputer in my rm and said,“Right here.”
答案 the 考查冠词。设空处后的 cmputer有介词短语in my rm修饰,因此设空处使用定冠词。
4.Fr the rest f the day, three f us travelled tgether.
答案 the 考查冠词。这里the three f us特指我们三个人。
考点三 不用冠词的情况(即“零”冠词的用法)
⑴ 专有名词(包括人名、国名、地名、节日、星期、月份、季节)前不用冠词。 如:
Beijing University;Jack;China; England;Mary;March;Sunday;Natinal Day;spring;
Chairman Ma is a great man. // Beijing is the capital f China. // I’m in Class One.
【注意】①季节,月份,星期后面带有修饰语时,它们前面就要加定冠词the。如:the summer f 2010
②一般情况下以Day结尾的节日前不加the。如:New Year’s Day, Teachers’ Day, Natinal Day等。
③一般情况下以Festival结尾的节日前加the。如:the Spring Festival; the Dragn-Bat Festival; the Mid-Autumn Festival
⑵ 复数名词泛指一类人或事物时,不用冠词。如:They are teachers/nurses.
⑶ 不可数名词(物质名词和抽象名词)前一般不加冠词。如:time时间;water水;fruit水果;lve爱;air空气。
⑷ 名词前已有指示代词、物主代词、名词所有格、不定代词或疑问代词时(this, my, Tm’s, whse, sme, n, each, every等),不用冠词。如:
Cake is my favurite fd. // My pen is much mre expensive than yurs. // I want this bk, nt that ne.
⑸ 球类、棋类、学科、语言、娱乐运动、一日三餐前的名词前,不用冠词。 如:
have Chinese;learn Chinese;have breakfast (lunch/supper);play vlleyball;
He likes playing ftball/chess. // We like English and maths very much.
【注意】①表示三餐的名词前有形容词修饰时,要加定冠词the。如:They had a quick breakfast.
②具体指某一个球时,要加定冠词the。如:Where is the basketball?
⑹ 表示职位、身份、头衔、称呼的名词前,不用冠词。 如:
Lincln was made President f America. // The guards tk the American t General Lee.
⑺ 当两个或两个以上名词并用时,常省去冠词。如:I can’t write withut pen r pencil.
⑻ 当by 与火车等交通工具连用,表示一种方式时,中间无冠词。如:by bus, by train;
⑼ 有些个体名词不用冠词。如:schl, cllege, prisn, market, hspital, bed, table, class, twn, church, curt 等个体名词,直接置于介词后,表示该名词的深层含义。如:
g t hspital去医院看病; g t the hspital去医院 (并不是去看病,而是有其他目的)
⑽ 城市的重要/主要建筑物名称前不用冠词。如:They are nw at Peple’s Cinema.
⑾ 一些习惯用语中不用。如:at/t/frm/ut f/after/fr schl;in/t/fr/after class;in/t/ut f/int bed;after/at/frm/ut f/t wrk;at/t sea;in/frm/dwn/t twn;at/frm hme;at/fr/t breakfast/lunch/supper;at night/nn/midnight;n ft;g t schl/bed;n tp f;in frnt f;n shw/display/duty/watch;in/ut f hspital;at all;n/in time;at first/last/nce;in Chinese/English;take care f等。
⑿ 不用冠词的序数词。如:①序数词前有物主代词。如:This is my first time t cme t Guilin. ②序数词作副词。如:He came first in the race. ③在固定词组中。如:at (the) first, first f all, frm first t last
1.We shuld have breakfast every day t keep healthy.
A.a B.an C.the D./
答案 D 本题考查零冠词。have breakfast吃早餐。故选D。
冠词的位置
⑴ 通常情况:冠词位于名词前,若名词前有形容词修饰,冠词要放在形容词之前。如:a beautiful flwer; an hur。
⑵ 特殊情况:
①不定冠词在half, such, what, many之后。如:such a nice girl (=s nice a girl) // half an hur
Many a student has passed the exam. (= Many students have passed the exam.)
What a beautiful flwer! (= Hw beautiful a flwer!)
②不定冠词在as, s, hw, t修饰的形容词之后。如:Hw cld a day it is! (= What a cld day it is!)
③副词quite和rather可置于不定冠词之前。如:
It’s quite a nice hrse. (=It’s a very nice hrse) // It’s rather a ht day tday. (=It’s a very ht day tday)
④当名词由bth或all, whle修饰时,定冠词须放在bth或all之后, whle 之前。如:
all the students, bth the children, the whle stry
Ⅰ.填空题
1.As symbl f China, the panda, f curse is the favrite f the Olympics.
答案 a 本题考查冠词。根据“symbl f China”可知,此处泛指一种象征,symbl以辅音音素开头,所以用不定冠词a,a symbl f...“一种……的象征”。故填a。
2.Althugh the Olympic Winter Games may nt have as many players as the Olympic Summer Games, they share same Olympic spirit.
答案 the 本题考查冠词。固定短语the same意为“同样”,故填the。
3.And in April 2021, the city decided t start activity asking wners t pick up waste f their pets.
答案 an 本题考查冠词。此处泛指“一项活动”,activity以元音音素开头,设空处用不定冠词an。故填an。
4.Then hw can we find happiness? I asked Sally such questin.
答案 a 本题考查冠词。设空后的questin是可数名词单数,此处为“such+不定冠词+可数名词单数”结构,questin以辅音音素开头,因此使用a。故填a。
5.Once we tried t burn chemicals, chemicals prduced many clrs f flames (火焰),including bright range and dark green.
答案 the 本题考查冠词。根据burn chemicals可知,此处第二次提到chemicals,因此用定冠词the。故填the。
6.And bamb played imprtant rle in it.
答案 an 本题考查冠词。play a rle起作用。imprtant以元音音素开头,因此使用不定冠词an。
7.Wuhan is ne f largest and mst beautiful cities in China.
答案 the 本题考查冠词。设空处后为形容词最高级,因此设空处使用定冠词the。
8.Sn, anther bus driver and ambulance(救护车) arrived t help.
答案 an 本题考查冠词。设空处修饰其后的可数名词ambulance,ambulance为单数形式,第一次出现且以元音音素开头,因此使用不定冠词an。
9.Wish the train culd be less nisy?There might be slutin fr yu.
答案 a 本题考查冠词。设空处修饰其后的可数名词slutin,slutin为单数形式,第一次出现且以辅音音素开头,因此使用不定冠词a。
10.Wang Dewen, great Chinese wdwrker, lives in Wuzhu,Suth China’s Guangxi Zhuang Autnmus Regin.
答案 a 本题考查冠词。设空处修饰其后的可数名词wdwrker,wdwrker为单数形式,第一次出现且设空后的great以辅音音素开头,因此填不定冠词a。
Ⅱ.选择题
1.—Ww, what a cl mdel spaceship!
—Thanks! My father gave it t me as birthday present.
A.a B.an C.the D./
答案 A 本题考查冠词。根据语境可知,此处泛指生日礼物;birthday是以辅音音素开头的单词,present是单数可数名词,应用冠词a。故选A。
2.—May I knw where yu bught cap? It lks nice.
—I bught it nline. Need I send yu the website?
A.a B.an C.the D./
答案 C 本题考查冠词辨析。根据语境可知,此处特指双方都知道的那顶帽子,用定冠词the表特指,故选C。
3.—Excuse me. Did yu see cat passing by?
—Is it wearing a green sweater? I saw it sleeping under the chair just nw.
A.a B.an C.the D./
答案 A 考查冠词的用法。此处泛指“一只猫”,且cat以辅音音素开头,所以用不定冠词a。故选A。
4.A dictinary is really useful tl in English learning.
A.a B.an C.the D./
答案 A 本题考查冠词辨析。此处泛指一个有用的工具,useful以辅音音素开头,应用a。故选A。
5.There are sixty minutes in hur.
A.an B.the C.a D./
答案 A 本题考查冠词。句意:一个小时有六十分钟。根据sixty minutes可知是一个小时,hur以元音音素开头,因此使用不定冠词an。
6.—What d yu think f dish⁃washing machine yu bught several days ag?
—It turns ut t be very useful. It helps save lts f my time.
A.a B.an C.the D./
答案 C 本题考查冠词。此处特指几天前买的洗碗机,应用定冠词,故选C。
7.We shuld have breakfast every day t keep healthy.
A.a B.an C.the D./
答案 D 本题考查零冠词。have breakfast吃早餐。故选D。
8.—Excuse me, sir. Is there pst ffice near here?
—Yes. It’s next t the schl ver there.
A.a B.an C.the D./
答案 A 本题考查冠词。此处表示泛指,且pst以辅音音素开头,因此选A。
小学要求
不定冠词a与an
定冠词the
初中要求
不定冠词a与an的用法;
定冠词the的用法;
3、“零”冠词的用法。
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