【暑假衔接】专题10.简单句式(小初考点差异及衔接)-小升初英语暑假衔接资料
展开【小学简单句考点聚焦】
考点1.陈述句
按要求写句子。
1. There's sme rice in the bwl.(改为否定句)
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That is a kite.(改为复数句)
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This is a bk. It's my sister's.(将两句话合并成一句话)
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They did a lt f hmewrk at schl.(改为否定句)
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I have sme bks in my backpack.(改为否定句)
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考点2.疑问词
He is a teacher.(改为一般疑问句)
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I'm ging t the z this Sunday.(就划线部分提问)
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Jim can help his mther with husewrk.(改为一般疑问句)
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Daming ften ges t wrk by bus.(就划线部分提问)
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考点3.祈使句
1. Yu mustn't lk ut f the windw.
________ __________ ___________ ___________ the windw.
2. Yu may let the children play the pian.
_________ ___________ __________ play the pian.
3. Yu shuldn't drive t fast.
__________ __________ ___________ ______________.
考点4.感叹句
用hw 或 what 引导感叹句。
1.__________ a gd girl!
2. __________slwly the rabbits run!
3.__________ delicius the egg is!
4.__________ an interesting film!
5.__________ pleasant weather it is!
【初中简单句考点聚焦】
考点清单
考点一 英语简单句的五大基本句型结构
1、主语+连系动词+表语。如:The bike is new. 这辆自行车是新的。// The hat lks nice n yu! 你戴这顶帽子真好看。
除了be动词外,还有下列动词:feel, smell, sund, taste, keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, seem (t be), appear (t be), lk, becme, grw, get, cme, turn, fall (asleep, ill, silent), g, run, prve, turn ut等也可以用作系动词。
2、主语+不及物动词。如:He runs fast. 他跑得快。 // We study hard. 我们努力学习。
He swims in the river every summer. 他每年夏天都在这条河里游泳。
3、主语+及物动词+宾语。如:
He studies English. 他学习英语。// Children ften sing this sng. 孩子们经常唱这首歌。
(1)常用-ing形式, 而不用不定式作宾语的动词有:enjy, finish, feel like, cnsider, practise, keep, suggest, mind等。如:
I finished reading the bk last night. 昨晚我看完了这本书。
She enjys reading nvels and swimming. 她喜欢读小说和游泳。
(2)常用不定式,而不用-ing形式作宾语的动词有:wish, hpe, agree, plan, decide, refuse, want等。如:
Where d yu wish t sit? 你想坐哪里?// Tm agreed t lend me sme mney. 汤姆同意借我一些钱。
(3)有些及物动词既可用不定式,又可用-ing形式作宾语,但意义不同。这类动词常见的有:remember, frget等。如:Please remember t pst the letter fr me. 请记住替我寄了这封信。
I remember psting the letter. 我记得那封信寄过了。
(4)有些及物动词的宾语,既可用不定式,又可用-ing形式,意义基本相同。这类动词常见的有:begin, start, cntinue。如:We began learning/t learn English when we came t junir middle schl. 我们来初中学习时才开始学习英语。
4、主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语。
(1)及物动词之后跟有双宾语,往往一个指人,一个指物。指人的为间接宾语,指物的为直接宾语。一般情况下,间接宾语在前,直接宾语在后。若要把间接宾语放在直接宾语之后,间接宾语前需加介词。如:
Please pass me a cup f tea.= Please pass a cup f tea t me. 请递给我一杯茶。
Shw me yur new bk, please. =Please shw yur new bk t me. 请把你的新书给我。
(2)把间接宾语放在直接宾语之后,间接宾前有时加介词t,有时加介词fr,这主要取决于谓语动词。一般在动词give, tell, sell, lend, shw之后加t。在动词buy, make, get等之后加fr。如:
Mr. Li bught Jim a pair f new shes. = Mr. Li bught a pair f new shes fr Jim. 李先生给吉姆买了一双新鞋。
Wuld yu lend me yur dictinary, please? =Wuld yu lend yur dictinary t me, please? 请你借你的字典给我好吗?
5、主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语。如:
We keep ur classrm clean and tidy. 我们保持教室干净整洁。
(1)及物动词后跟有复合宾语,一个是宾语,一个是宾语补足语。宾语和宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系。如:
We call him Jack. 我们叫他杰克。// Dn’t get yur hands dirty. 不要把你的手弄脏。
(2)在及物动词之后,用不定式作宾语补足语和用-ing形式作宾语补足语表示的意思往往不同。用不定式作宾语补足语指事情的全过程;用-ing形式作宾语补足语指正在进行的动作的一部分。如:
I heard him sing that sng. 我听他唱过那首歌。
When I came back, I heard him singing in the rm. 我回来时,听见他正在房间里唱歌。
(3)在感官动词see, hear, feel, watch, listen t, lk at和使役动词let, make, have等的复合宾语中,不定式须省去t。但变为被动句时,省去的t要加上。如:
I saw him g int the rm. 我看见他进了房间。→He was seen t g int the rm. 他被看见进了房间。
考点二 陈述句的构成形式及基本用法
陈述句是用来陈述一个事实或表达说话人看法的句子。通常用降调,句末用句号“.”。 它有肯定式和否定式两种形式。
1. 肯定句。肯定句的基本结构是“主语+谓语”。如:I have a new friend. 我有一个新朋友。
I bught a bk in the shp last Sunday. 上个星期天我在书店里买了一本书。
2. 否定句。否定句分为完全否定句和部分否定句。
(1)完全否定句:
① 若肯定陈述句谓语部分含有助动词、情态动词或连系动词be,则只需在这些动词后加nt即可构成完全否定句。如:
He is playing the guitar.(肯定)→ He is nt playing the guitar.(否定)
We can get there befre dark.(肯定)→ We can’t get there befre dark.(否定)
② 如果陈述句的谓语动词是实义动词,而其中又没有情态动词或助动词时,则需根据人称和时态在该实义动词前加dn’t, desn’t或didn’t,同时把该实义动词变为原形,即可构成完全否定句。如:
He plays the vilin well.(肯定)→ He desn’t play the vilin well.(否定)
She wn the game.(肯定)→ She didn’t win the game.(否定)
③ 如果句子是there be结构或谓语动词是have/has(有),则只需在be和have/has后加nt,即可构成完全否定句。如:
He has sme bks. → He has nt any bks.
There is sme water in the cup. → There is nt any water in the cup.
④ 除nt外,否定词n, n ne, nthing, nbdy, never, neither等也可构成完全否定句。如:
I have seen the film. → I have never seen the film.
There is smething wrng with his bike. → There is nthing wrng with his bike.
【注意】英语中,有些单词在变为否定句后,有所改变。如:sme改为any,t改为either,already改为yet,and改为r,lts f改为many或much。
I have already had breakfast. → I haven’t had breakfast yet.
There is sme water in the cup. → There is nt any water in the cup.
Jim has brthers and sisters. → Jim desn’t have brthers r sisters.
There are lts f bks in the library. → There aren’t many bks in the library.
(2)部分否定句:
① 用hardly, seldm, few, little等词表示部分否定。如:
I can hardly see anything in the rain. 在雨中我几乎什么东西也看不见。
② nt和bth, all, each, every, quite, always等连用表示部分否定。如:
Nt all students cme t schl by bus. 并非所有的学生都乘公共汽车来上学。
考点三 疑问句的构成形式及基本用法
用来提出问题的句子叫做疑问句,句末用问号。疑问句可分为:一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句。
1. 一般疑问句:
一般疑问句用来询问事物或某种情况是否属实,以助动词、情态动词、be动词或have/has(有)开头,通常要求以yes,或n来回答的疑问句,读时通常用升调。
(1)一般疑问句的肯定结构:①Be+主语+其他(?) ②助动词(或情态动词)+主语+谓语(动词原形)+其他(?) 使用一般疑问句时应特别注意问句与答句在人称、数和时态上要保持一致。对一般疑问句作肯定回答时,通常是:Yes, 主语+be/助动词/情态动词;作否定回答时,通常是:N, 主语+be/助动词/情态动词+nt;nt一般要与前面的词构成缩略形式。如:
---- Can yu swim? 你会游泳吗? ---- Yes, I can. 是的,我会。// ---- N, I can’t. 不,我不会。
---- Is Tm a dctr? 汤姆是一个医生吗?---- Yes, he is. 是的,他是。// ---- N, he isn’t. 不,他不是。
---- D yu knw Mr. Smith? 你认识史密斯先生吗? ---- Yes, I d. 是的,我认识。// ---- N, I dn’t. 不,我不是。
【注意】一般疑问句也可用表示肯定或否定的词来回答,如certainly(当然),surely(当然),f curse(当然),I think s(我想是的),all right(好吧) certainly nt(当然不是), nt at all(一点也不),never(从不),srry(很抱歉),nt yet(还没有) I’m afraid nt(恐怕不是)等。从而使语气变得客气、委婉。如:
---- Can yu cme and play badmintn with me? 你能和我一起去打羽毛球吗?
---- I’m afraid nt. I have many things t d. 恐怕不能,我有许多事情要做。
(2)一般疑问句的否定结构:一般是以助动词、情态动词、be动词或have/has(有)与nt的缩略形式开头,往往表示惊讶、赞叹、怀疑等语气。与汉语不同的是,英语一般疑问句否定结构的答语是否定还是肯定,全由答语的否定或肯定来决定。若答语是肯定的,则用yes加肯定结构;若答语是否定的,则用n加否定结构。但其汉语翻译与其原意正好相反。如:
---- Wn’t she like it? 难道她不喜欢它?---- Yes, she will. 不,她喜欢。// N, she wn’t. 是的,她不喜欢。
---- Aren’t yu a ftball fan? 难道你不是一个足球迷吗?---- Yes, I am. 不,我是。// N, I’m nt. 是的,我不是。
2. 特殊疑问句:
以特殊疑问词开头的疑问句叫特殊疑问句。基本结构为:“特殊疑问词+一般疑问句”。但如果疑问词在句子中作主语或作主语的定语,就用“特殊疑问词+陈述句”。 特殊疑问句不能用yes或n回答,要根据询问的内容具体回答。读时用降调。疑问词包括疑问代词、疑问副词和疑问词组。
疑问代词可提问主语、谓语、表语或定语,常用的疑问代词有wh(谁),whm(谁),whse(谁的),which(哪一个),what(什么);疑问副词有when(何时),where(何地),why(为什么),hw(如何)以及疑问词组:hw sn (多久);hw lng (多长时间);hw far (多远);hw ften (多久一次);hw many/much (多少)等。
常用的特殊疑问句和疑问词组用法辨析:
1.— did yu wrk ut the prblem in such a shrt time?
—With Mr.Li’s help.
2.— is yur father?Des he still wrk as an engineer?
—Yes,he has been an engineer fr thirty years.
二、单项选择
1.—Excuse me, is this T-shirt?
—It’s 88 yuan.
A.hw muchB.hw manyC.hw lngD.hw ld
2.— will the Jinniu Lake Animal Kingdm be pen?
—Maybe in the secnd half f this year.
A.WhenB.WhC.WhatD.Where
3.— d yu usually g t schl, Mary?
—By bike.
A.WhenB.HwC.WhereD.Why
4.— d yu brush yur teeth?
—Twice r mre a day.
A.Hw snB.Hw farC.Hw lngD.Hw ften
3. 选择疑问句:
选择疑问句是说话者提出两种或两种以上的不同情况,让对方选择回答的疑问句。其结构是“一般疑问句+r+供选择部分”。r前面的部分读升调,r后面的部分读降调。选择疑问句不能用yes或n回答,而必须具体的选择答复。选择疑问句可分为一般选择疑问句和特殊选择疑问句。
一般选择疑问句的结构:一般疑问句+r+供选择部分? 如:
---- Shall we g there by bus r n ft? 我们乘坐公共汽车去还是步行去?
---- We’ll g by bus. 我们乘坐公共汽车去。
特殊选择疑问句的结构:特殊疑问句,+A r B/A, B r C? 如:
---- Which d yu like better, tea r cffee? 茶和咖啡,你更喜欢哪种?
---- I like tea better. 我更喜欢茶。
考点四 祈使句的构成形式及基本用法
祈使句是用来表示命令、请求、建议、劝告、号召等的句子,谓语动词用原形,句末用感叹号“!”或句号“.”。朗读时一般用降调。
1. 肯定的祈使句:
(1)祈使句主语是yu时,yu常省略,但如果要特别强调对方或表达某种强烈的情绪时可以有主语或称呼语。如:
Be quiet. 安静! // Yu be quiet! 你安静!
(2)“D+祈使句”表示一种强烈的感情或请求,d起强调作用。如:
D cme n time! 一定要准时来!// D lk ut! 一定要小心!
(3)有时为了表示一种客气、委婉的语气,可在句首或句末加please,但please加在句末时,前面必须用逗号与其余部分分开。如:Open the windw, please. 请打开窗! // Please listen t me carefully. 请认真听我讲。
(4)Let引导祈使句时,后面需跟上人称代词或称呼语,人称代词一般只用第一、第三人称。如:
Let Jack wait a minute. 让杰克等一分钟。 // Let’s g t schl. 让我们去上学吧。
(5)在祈使句中,Let’s和 Let us是有区别的。Let’s包括说话者在内,而Let us不包括说话者在内。这点从反意疑问句时可明显看出。如:
Let’s g skating, shall we?(表示内部的建议) // Let us try again, will yu?(表示向别人发出请求)
2. 否定祈使句:
(1)Dn’t/Never+动词原形。如:Dn’t be late.不要迟到。// Dn’t d that again! 别再那样做了!
Never leave tday’s wrk fr tmrrw! 决不要把今天的工作留到明天!
(2)Let型的否定式有两种:“Dn’t+let+宾语+动词原形+其它成分”和“Let+宾语+nt+动词原形+其它成分”。如:
Dn’t let him g.= Let him nt g. 别让他走。
Dn’t let me g with her tmrrw.=Let me nt g with her tmrrw. 不要让我明天跟她一起去。
(3)在公共场合的提示语中,否定祈使句常用“N+名词/V-ing形式”结构,表示“禁止做某事”。如:
N fishing! 禁止钓鱼! // N smking! 禁止吸烟! // N parking! 禁止停车!// NO PHOTOS! 禁止拍照!
3.祈使句的反意疑问句需特别注意(见本专题考点三)
4.应答祈使句用将来时。如:
---- Dn’t talk in class.“不要在课堂上讲话。”---- Srry, I wn’t.“对不起,我不会了。”
---- Remember t clse the windw when yu leave. “记得离开时关窗户。”---- Yes, I will. “好的,我会的。”
5.“祈使句+and/r+结果状语”句型,此句型可以转换成if引导的条件状语从句的主从复合句。如:
Hurry up, r yu will be late. 快点,否则你就迟到了。
=If yu dn’t hurry up, yu will be late. 如果不快点,你就会迟到。
=If yu hurry up, yu wn’t be late. 如果快点,你将不会迟到。
1. me an email befre yu cme t Hhht, and I’ll meet yu at the train statin.
A.SendB.SendingC.T sendD.Sent
4. everyne with pliteness even thse wh are very rude t yu, nt because they are nice, but because yu are.
A.TreatB.TreatingC.TreatedD.T treat
考点五 由what, hw引导的感叹句的构成形式、用法及区别
感叹句是表示喜、怒、哀、乐以及惊异等感情的句子。句末用感叹号“!”,读时用降调,感叹句往往由what或hw引导,what修饰名词,hw修饰形容词,副词或动词。
1. what引导的感叹句:
(1)what + a/an +形容词+单数可数名词+主语+谓语!如:
What a tall by yur brther is! 你哥哥是一个多么高的男孩!
(2)what+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词+主语+谓语!如:
What beautiful pictures they are! 那些图画多美丽呀! // What terrible weather it is! 天气多么糟糕啊!
2. Hw引导的感叹句:
(1)Hw+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!如:Hw cld it is! 天气多么冷啊!// Hw hard he wrks! 他工作多么努力啊!
(2)Hw+主语+谓语!如:Hw he lves his sn! 他多么爱他儿子啊!// Hw I miss yu! 我多么想你啊!
(3)Hw+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+主语+谓语!如:Hw tall a tree it is! 它是一颗多么高的树啊!
3. what和hw引导的感叹句有时可以互换,但是要注意词序的变化。如:
What a clever by he is!=Hw clever a by he is!=Hw clever the by is! 他是多聪明的孩子!
1.—S far,Su Bingtian is the nly Chinese wh finished the 100-meter race in less than 10 secnds.
— fast he runs!
2. imprtant it is fr kids t imagine freely!
3.—What prgramme is s attractive?
—The guard f hnr(仪仗队)f the PLA are taking part in the parade n Red Square.
— an exciting event!
4. smart the driverless car is!I really want t have ne.
A.WhatB.What aC.What anD.Hw
5. special classes we had! We have learned a lt abut paper cutting.
A.WhatB.What aC.Hw aD.Hw
Ⅰ.填空题
1.The schl Science Day was wnderful. happy Kate’s grup was!
2.“ interesting it is! This is simply fantastic!” he cried excitedly.
3.Just befre the lights turned dark, I saw my father rush int the hall and take the seat beside my mther.
a pleasant surprise it was!
4.In fact, many peple arund the wrld lve these black and white animals. cute and lvely they are!
5.“Ww! beautiful it is!” we screamed.
6.One day a yung man came t visit him and asked plitely,“Please sir, are great peple like yu dressed in such a way?”
Ⅱ.选择题
1. a fresh spring mrning it is!
A.Wh B.Why C.What D.Hw
2.— have yu been in Beijing?
—Fr tw weeks. And I went t the Great Wall.
A.Hw sn B.Hw lng C.Hw ften D.Hw far
3.— will the Whites return frm France?
—In a week I think. They’ll have an imprtant meeting next week.
A.Hw lng B.Hw snC.Hw fast D.Hw ften
4.— can we learn frm this subject, scientific knwledge r cmmn sense?
—Bth, and yu will get lts f useful knwledge after finishing this curse.
A.Why B.When C.What D.Hw
5.— infrmatin yu bring me!Thanks a lt!
—My pleasure!
A.Hw great B.Hw a greatC.What great D.What a great
6.— will yu stay at this htel, Mary?
—Fr abut tw days. I will have a meeting here.
A.Hw sn B.Hw lngC.Hw far D.Hw ften
小学要求
陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句、There be 句型
初中要求
简单句的五大基本句型结构;
陈述句的构成形式及基本用法;
祈使句的构成形式及基本用法;
疑问句的构成形式及基本用法;
5、由what, hw引导的感叹句的构成形式、用法及区别。
询问内容
疑问词或句型
例 句
回 答
职业,身份
what
What is yur father?
He is a dctr.
姓名或关系
wh
Wh is that by?
He is Jack.
He is my brther
相貌特征
What be…like?
What d/des…like?
What is she like?
What des she lk like?
She is kind/friendly.
She lks like her mther.
目的
what…fr?
What did they cme here fr?
T attend a meeting.
原因
why
Why did they cme here?
Because they have a meeting t attend.
天气
hw
what…like?
Hw is the weather tday?
What is the weather like tday?
It’s fine.
颜色
what clr…?
What dlr is her skirt?
It’s red.
服装尺寸
what size
What size des he wear?
He wears 40.
几点钟
what time
What time is it?
It’s 7:30.
星期几
what day
What day is tday?
It’s Tuesday.
几号,日期
what is the date…?
What is the date tday?
It’s May 2.
年龄(多大)
hw ld
Hw ld is he?
He is 38.
持续多长时间(多久)
hw lng
Hw lng have yu been here?
Fr five mnths.
长度(多长)
hw lng
Hw lng is the bridge?
It’s 500 metres.
距离(多远)
hw far
Hw far is it frm here t the z?
It’s 6 kilmetres.
频度(多久一次)
hw ften
Hw ften d yu cme back?
Once a week.
时间经过(多久)
hw sn
Hw sn will she arrive?
In a week.
数量
(多少)
hw many(可数名词)
hw much(不可数名词)
Hw many jackets d yu have?
Hw much cffee d yu want?
Three.
Tw cups.
价格
hw much
Hw much is it?
Hw much des it cst?
Five dllars.
高度(多高)
hw tall(人,树)
hw high(山,建筑物)
Hw tall is she?
Hw high is the twer?
She’s 1.73 metres.
It’s 450 metres.
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