07 必修三 Unti 3-Unit 4 重点词汇及短语拓展（原卷版+解析版）2023-2024学年高一英语下学期期末复习高效突破（人教版2019）

这是一份07 必修三 Unti 3-Unit 4 重点词汇及短语拓展（原卷版+解析版）2023-2024学年高一英语下学期期末复习高效突破（人教版2019），文件包含07必修三Unti3-Unit4重点词汇及短语拓展原卷版2023-2024学年高一英语下学期期末复习高效突破人教版2019docx、07必修三Unti3-Unit4重点词汇及短语拓展解析版2023-2024学年高一英语下学期期末复习高效突破人教版2019docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共52页， 欢迎下载使用。
1. __________ adv.肯定；确实→__________ adj.明确的；确定的→__________ n. 释义；定义
2. __________ adj.不同的；多种多样的→__________ n. 多样性；差异(性)；不同(点)
3. __________ n. 机会；运气→__________ adj.幸运的；巧合的→__________ adv.幸运地→__________ adv.不幸地
4. __________ adj.(有关)历史的→__________ adj.历史上的；历史上重要的→__________ n.历史
5. __________ n. (外来)移民；外侨→__________ vi.移入；移居→__________ n. 移民人数；移居(入境)
6. __________ vt.选择；挑选；选拔→__________ n. 选择；挑选；选拔→__________ adj.精选的
7. __________ n. 少数民族；少数派；少数人→__________ adj.较小的；次要的vi.辅修
8. __________ n. 诗集；诗歌；诗作→__________ n. 诗人→__________ n. 诗；韵文
9. __________ adj.引起中毒的；有毒的；分泌毒素的→__________ n. 毒物；毒药；毒素vt.毒死；毒害
10. __________ vt.包；裹；折叠vt.& vi.(可)折小；(可)叠平→__________ vt.打开；呈现→__________ adj. 折叠的、褶曲的
11. __________ n. 作品集；收集物；收藏品→__________ vt.收集；采集→__________ adj. 集体的、共同的
12. __________ vt.& vi.定居；结束(争论)；解决(纠纷)→__________ n. 移民；定居点→__________ n. 移民；殖民者→__________ adj.稳定的；舒适自在的
13. __________ n. 建筑；建造；建造物；(句子、短语等的)结构→__________ v. 建造；修建→__________ adj. 建设性的、有助益的
14. __________ vt.适合；满足……需要；相配；合身n.西服；套装→__________ adj.适当的；合适的
15. __________ vt.包含；含有；容纳→__________ n. 集装箱；容器
16. __________ adj.精神的；思想的→__________ adv.精神上；智力上；思想上
17. __________ adj.有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的→__________ n. 智力；才智；智慧
18. __________ vt.查明；确定；决定→__________ adj.有决心的；意志坚定的
19. __________ adj.失望的；沮丧的→__________ vt.使失望→__________ n. 失望
20. __________ adj.独立的；自立的→__________ adv.独立地；自立地
21. __________ vt.& vi.标志着；标明；发信号 n. 信号；标志→__________ n. 迹象；符号，记号；手势；指示牌
22. __________ vt.& vi.继承；继任→__________ n. 成功，胜利；成功的人或事物→__________ adj.成功的；有成就的→__________ adv.成功地；顺利地
23. __________ n. 世界；地球仪；地球→__________ adj.全球的；全世界的→__________ adv.全球地；全世界地
24. __________ vt.& vi.论证；争辩；争论→__________ n. 争论；论点；争吵
25. __________ v. 分析→__________ n. (对事物的)分析；分析结果(pl.__________)
26. __________ adj.定期的；经常的；正常的→__________ adv.定期地；经常→__________ adj.不规则的
27. __________ adj.有限的→__________ v. 限制；限定 n. 限制；范围，界限→__________ n. 限制；局限
28. __________ n. 神秘事物；谜→__________ adj.神秘的
II. Unit 1-Unit 2重点短语和句型
一、重点短语
1. head t ____________________2. seek ne’s frtune ____________________
3. earn a living ____________________4. ethnic peple ____________________
5. apart frm ____________________6. diverse culture ____________________
7. used t ____________________8. in fact ____________________
9. the street art ____________________10. a gld rush ____________________
11. chse frm ____________________12. pen up shps ____________________
13. cme t____________________14. be prud f ____________________
15. (at) first hand ____________________16. t name but a few ____________________
17. a very ppular turist draw ____________________
18. all year rund ____________________19. settle in ____________________
20. turn int ____________________21. traditinal Chinese culture ____________________
22. in the 1906 earthquake ____________________23. lts f/a lt f ____________________
24. the majrity f ____________________25. a taste f ____________________
26. a range f ____________________27. suit everyne’s taste ____________________
28. varieties f ____________________29. lk frward t ____________________
30. be curius abut ____________________31. plenty f ____________________
32. knw abut ____________________33. carry n ____________________
34. n bard ____________________35. in the hpe f ding sth. ____________________
36. s as t (d sth.) ____________________37. figure ut ____________________
38. due t ____________________39. be keen t d sth. ____________________
40. a shallw view ____________________41. make a difference ____________________
42. result in ____________________43. as a result ____________________
44. prvide fr sb. ____________________45. in clsing ____________________
46. run ut ____________________
二、重点句型
1. 句型公式：It＋系动词＋n./adj.(＋fr/f sb. /sth.)＋t d sth.
教材原句：I have t admit that it definitely feels gd t be back in the city again.
翻译：__________________________________________________
e.g. ①They all think that it seems very easy fr him t finish the wrk.
他们都认为，对他来说完成这项工作似乎很容易。
②I admit that it feels excellent t g back t my hmetwn t see my grandparents.
我承认，回到家乡看望祖父母的感觉真是太好了。
③The teacher thught that it appeared unlikely fr them t arrive n time.
老师认为看来他们不太可能准时到达了。
2. 句型公式：which引导非限制性定语从句
教材原句：In the same year, gld was discvered near San Francisc, which started a gld rush.
翻译：__________________________________________________
e.g.①Chinese dumpling is a traditinal Chinese fd, which is essential during hlidays in nrthern China.
饺子是中国的传统食物，在北方的节日中不可或缺。
②She was very patient twards the children, which her husband seldm was.
她对孩子们很耐心，她丈夫却很少这样。
③He said that he had never seen her befre, which was nt true.
他说以前从没见过她，这不是真的。
3. 句型公式：It is ...强调结构
教材原句：It is a very ppular turist draw that receives mre visitrs each year than even the Glden Gate Bridge.
翻译：__________________________________________________
e.g.①It is in the gym that he ften plays basketball with his classmates n weekends.
是在体育馆，他经常在周末和同学打篮球。
②It was an American man called Henry Frd wh / that created the mtr car as we knw it tday.
今天我们知道，是一个名叫Henry Frd的人创造了汽车。
③It was all his prperty that Mr. Smith left t his wife in 2013.
2013年史密斯先生留给他妻子的是他的全部财产。
4. 句型公式：with的复合结构
教材原句：It has a lng and famus histry, with the authr Rbert Luis Stevensn having spent much time writing there.
翻译：__________________________________________________
e.g.①Frm space the earth lks like a huge water-cvered glbe with a few patches f land sticking ut abve the water.
从太空看，地球就像一个巨大的被水覆盖的球体，水面上露出几块陆地。
②In parts f Asia yu must nt sit with yur feet pinting at anther persn.
在亚洲的一些地方，你不能坐在那里，双脚指着另一个人。
③The girl sat there quite silent and still with her eyes lking at the ceiling f the huse.
女孩静静地坐在那里，一动不动地盯着房子的天花板。
5. 句型公式：make＋宾语＋宾语补足语
教材原句：These disasters made everyne sad and disappinted, but the desire t explre the universe never died.
翻译：__________________________________________________
e.g. ①The news that ur team had wn made us very happy.
我们队获胜的消息使我们大家非常高兴。
②Our English teacher ften makes us retell the texts.
我们的英语老师经常让我们复述课文。
③It’s t nisy. I can’t make my vice heard.
太吵了。我无法让别人听到我的声音。
6. 句型公式：This is because... 这是因为……
教材原句：This is because peple believe in the imprtance f carrying n space explratin despite the huge risks.
翻译：__________________________________________________
e.g.①This is because peple want t challenge themselves in the face f difficulties.
这是因为人们想要在困难面前挑战自己。
②This is because hydrgen fuel cells cst mre.
这是因为氢燃料电池成本更高。
③That is because if investrs grw less certain abut interest rates, they als lse cnfidence abut where value is in the credit r equity markets.
这是因为，如果投资者对利率变得不那么确定，他们也会对信贷或股票市场的价值丧失信心。
7. 句型公式：nt als... 不但……而且……
教材原句：Despite the difficulties, scientists hpe future discveries will nt nly enable us t understand hw the universe began, but als help us survive well int the future.
翻译：__________________________________________________
e.g. ①He’s nt nly very fast, but he’s als gt marvellus technique.
他不仅很快，而且技术高超。
②He nt nly washed the car, but plished it t (as well).
他不仅冲洗汽车，而且还擦拭了它。
③He nt nly ges t wrk n weekdays, but als n weekends.
他不仅工作日去上班，在周末也去上班。
8. 句型公式：can’t wait t d sth. 迫不及待做某事
教材原句：Yeah, I can’t wait t see Captain Brwn!
翻译：__________________________________________________
e.g. ①They can’t wait t see the new manager.
他们迫不及待地见到新经理。
②She can’t wait t see her child.
她迫不及待地见到孩子。
③The ld man can’t wait t build a new huse.
这位老人迫不及待地建一座新房子。
9. 句型公式：省略句
教材原句：Cuntries arund the glbe are spending billins f dllars and lts f time n varius space missins, whether t Mars r ther planets much further away.
翻译：__________________________________________________
e.g. ①Where t g tmrrw has nt been decided.
明天到什么地方去尚未决定。
②He has t learn hw t cllect water, hunt fr fd, and make fire.
他得学会收集淡水、寻找食物，生火什么的。
③Yu als need t learn the basic skills f rafting, such as hw t handle the raft, hw t paddle and hw t get in and ut f the raft.
你还需要学习基本划木筏的技巧，比如驾驭木筏的方法，划桨方法，上下木筏的方法。
III. 知识点精讲：考点精析
1. diverse adj.不同的；多种多样的
…explre the diverse cultures f the wrld. (教材P25)
……探索世界上不同的文化。
★情景探究
①The wild life in Africa is diverse frm that in Asia.
非洲的野生动物与亚洲的不同。
②Lily has a great diversity f interests; she likes sprts, travel and phtgraphy.
莉莉的兴趣非常多样，她喜欢运动、旅游和摄影。
③One f the best ways t imprve yur vcabulary is t read widely and diversely.
提高词汇量最好的方法之一就是广泛而多样地阅读。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
①be diverse frm ... 和……不同
②diversity n. 差异(性)；不同(点)；多样性a great/wide diversity f 多种多样的
③diversely adv.不同地；各种各样地
★学以致用
【单句填空】
①Frslan’s bject is t gather as great a __________ (diverse) f genetic material as pssible.
【一句多译】
②她的兴趣与她姐姐不同。
→Her interests ____________________ her sister’s.
→Her interests ____________________ her sister’s.
2. frtune n. 机会；运气
Every Chinese restaurant in America has frtune ckies.(教材P26)
在美国，每家中国餐馆都有幸运曲奇。
★情景探究
①The girl was frtunate enugh t have her mther as a bsm friend.
这个女孩十分幸运有她的妈妈做知心朋友。
②Unfrtunately, she lcked herself ut f the flat fr leaving withut keys this mrning.
因为今天早上没带钥匙出门，她很不幸地把自己锁在了门外。
③Frtunately, the situatin there is imprving, as the prcess f plitical settlement is making prgress.
幸运的是，随着政治协议的进程正在取得进展，那里的局势正在改善。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
①try ne’s frtune 碰运气make a frtune 发财；赚大钱have the gd frtune t d ...有幸做……
②frtunate adj.幸运的unfrtunate adj.不幸的
③frtunately adv.幸运地unfrtunately adv.不幸地
★学以致用
【单句填空】
①__________ (frtune), after a brief stay in hspital, Ben was well enugh t be allwed t leave and later the family met up fr dinner.
②I was frtunate __________ (enjy) such attractive scenery in yur hmetwn.
【完成句子】
③现在，社会上很多年轻人梦想着不努力工作就可以发大财。
Nw there are many yung peple in ur sciety dreaming f ______________________________.
3. admit vi.& vt.承认vt.准许进入(或加入)
I have t admit that it definitely feels gd t be back in the city again.(教材P28)
我得承认，再次回到城里的感觉实在是太棒了。
★情景探究
①She aplgised t me and admitted taking/having taken my umbrella by mistake.
她向我道歉并承认错拿了我的伞。
②Yu will nt be admitted t the theatre after the perfrmance has started.
演出开始后不许进入剧场。
③Hw des ne gain admissin t the Buckingham Palace?
怎样才能获准进入白金汉宫？
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
①admit ding sth./having dne sth. 承认做了某事admit that ... 承认/认可……
admit sb. int ... 允许某人进入……be admitted t/int 被(某校)录取；允许进入
②admissin n. 【C】承认，供认；【U】准许加入；【U】入场费
★学以致用
【单句填空】
①Fr example, I have successfully gt __________ (admit) as a vlunteer fr ur schl’s sprts meeting, which is scheduled t be held at the end f this August.
②__________ (admit) t British universities depends n examinatin results.
【完成句子】
③她被北京大学录取了。这让她的父母非常高兴。
She __________ Peking University, which made her parents very happy.
4. head t (朝……)前进；(向……)去
In the afternn, I headed t a lcal museum that shwed the histrical changes in Califrnia. (教材P28)
下午，我前往当地一家博物馆参观，博物馆展示了加利福尼亚的历史变迁。
★情景探究
①After the meeting I sent the recrding file t the Lndn ffice and headed back t the airprt.
会议结束后我将录音文件发送给伦敦办事处然后返回了机场。
②Tw heads are better than ne.
三个臭皮匠，顶个诸葛亮。
③That husewife kept her head and telephned the fire department immediately.
那个家庭主妇保持冷静，并立即给消防队打了电话。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
①head vi.朝(某方向)行进vt.带领；居……之首；主管head twards/fr ... 朝……方向前进
head back t 回到head nrth/suth 朝北/南走
②head n. 头部；首领；(表示农场或牧群等的牲畜的数目)头
keep ne’s head 保持冷静
★学以致用
【单句填空】
①I saw Tm heading __________ me, but I avided meeting him.
②We lifted ur __________ (head) t breathe in the fresh and clean air.
【完成句子】
③他意识到了他正在朝错误的方向前进。
He realized that he ______________________________.
5. seek vt. & vi.寻找；寻求；争取；(向人)请求
Over 300,000 peple came frm all ver the wrld t seek their frtune, and San Francisc quickly became a big city. (教材P28)
来自世界各地的30多万人前来寻找成功致富之路，旧金山迅速成为了一座大都市。
★情景探究
①We seek t find a way t make us get alng well with the peple arund us.
我们试图找到一种方法使我们和周围的人相处融洽。
②He is seeking after wealth and pwer all his life.
他一生都在追求财富和权力。
③The turists sught ut a shady spt where they sat dwn and rested.
游客找到一处阴凉的地方坐下休息。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
①seek thrugh 找遍；搜查遍②seek t d sth. 试图做某事
③seek ne’s frtune 寻找成功致富之路；闯世界④seek after/fr 追求，寻求
⑤seek ut 挑选出；找出
★学以致用
【单句填空】
①Legal advice shuld __________ (seek) befre yu take any further actin.
②The farmers seek __________ (harvest) all the crps befre it rains.
【完成句子】
③当你遇到麻烦的时候，你可以向你的老师寻求建议。
When in truble, yu can ______________________________.
6. earn vt.& vi.挣得；赚得；赢得；博得
T earn a living, sme pened up shps and restaurants in Chinatwn. (教材 P28)
为了谋生，有些人在唐人街开商店和餐馆。
★情景探究
①Saving a girl frm the river earned him a gd reputatin.
从河里救起那个女孩为他赢得了好名声。
②The yung man earns 100,000 dllars a year.
那个年轻人一年挣十万美元。
③Yur utstanding ability will earn yu a place n the team.
你非凡的能力会为你在团队中赢得一席之地。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
①earn/make a living by/frm 靠……谋生earn mney/a frtune 挣钱/大钱
earn sb. praise/respect/a reputatin 赢得赞扬/尊敬/名声earn a place 获得一席之地
②earnings n. 收入；利润
★学以致用
【单句填空】
①What d yu suppse us d __________ (earn) respect frm thers?
②Devted t his wrk, Mr Brwn finally __________ (earn) his wrkmates’ respect by achieving success.
【完成句子】
③许多住在海边的人以渔业为生。
Many peple wh live alng the cast __________ in fishing industry.
7. select vt.选择；挑选；选拔
I selected a Cantnese restaurant that served its fd n beautiful China plates.(教材P29)
我选择了一家粤菜馆，那里的菜用漂亮的瓷盘盛着。
★情景探究
①Can yu select a persn as/t be a candidate t equal the engineer in ability?
你能挑选一个与这位工程师能力相当的候选人吗？
②The final team selectin will be made tmrrw.
明天将确定队伍的最后人选。
③He was selected frm a great number f candidates.
他从众多的候选人中被选出来。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
①select sb. t d sth. 选择某人做某事select sb. /sth. as ... 挑选某人/某物作为……
select sb. /sth. frm ... 从……中选出某人/某物
②selectin n. 挑选；选拔
③selected adj.挑选出来的；精选的
★学以致用
【单句填空】
①We ran ut f the wd and I was selected __________ (g) and gather mre.
②The players wh __________ (select) frm the whle cuntry are expected t bring us hnr in this summer game.
【句式升级】
③Selecting a mbile phne fr persnal use is n easy task because technlgy is changing s rapidly.
→____________________ a mbile phne fr persnal use because technlgy is changing s rapidly. (it作形式主语)
8. bring abut 导致；引起
What d yu think brught abut the cultural diversity? (教材P29)
你认为是什么导致了文化的多样性？
★情景探究
①A crisis brings ut the best in her.
在紧急关头她会展现出优秀的品质。
②His new suggestin was brught up at the meeting.
他的新方案在会议上被提出来了。
③His wrk brings him in 1,000 dllars a mnth.
他每月有1 000美元的工作收入。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
①bring ut 生产；出版；使显现②bring in 提出；赚得；吸引；宣布
③bring n 使发展；促使提高④bring up 抚养；抚育；呕吐；提出
⑤bring dwn 降低；减少
【名师点津】
除bring abut外，常见的表示“引起；导致”的词汇还有：cause, result in, lead t, cntribute t等。
★学以致用
【单句填空】
①In spite f turism bringing __________ a lt f mney t the lcals, it brings __________ mre than ne prblem in turn.
②In the discussin, Jack came up with an idea that they shuld bring __________ the price f the bicycles.
【句式升级】
③I’m wndering what brught abut the failure f the business.
→I’m wndering ____________________ the failure f the business.(强调句型)
9. claim vt. & n. 夺取(生命)；宣称；断言
Over 3,000 lives were claimed in the 1906 San Francisc earthquake and the series f fires that ccurred after it. (教材P29)
1906年的旧金山地震和之后发生的一系列火灾夺去了3,000多人的生命。
★情景探究
①He claimed that it was all a trick against him.
他声称这一切都是一个针对他的诡计。
②Yu can claim yur mney back if the gds are damaged.
如果货物有损坏， 你可以要求退款。
③It is claimed that sap pwders have plluted the water we drink.
据说肥皂粉污染了我们的饮用水。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
①claim t d sth. 声称做某事claim sth. back 要回某物
It is claimed that ... 据称……
②make a claim fr ... 向……索赔
★学以致用
【单句填空】
①The scientist claimed __________ (invent) a new kind f car.
②The victims in the accident made a claim __________ damages.
【一句多译】
③人们声称已经发现了一种治愈这种疾病的方法。
→Peple ____________________ a cure fr the disease.
→__________ a cure fr the disease has been discvered.
10. escape vi.& vt.逃走；逃脱；避开n.逃跑；逃脱；解脱
After visiting the suthern part f Yunnan, I have t admit that it is the best prvince f China t escape the cld winter. (教材P29)
在游览了云南南部之后，我必须承认它是中国最适合躲避寒冷冬天的省份。
★情景探究
①He narrwly escaped being killed in the big earthquake.
他在大地震中险些丧命。
②The baby’s mther escaped frm the fire alng with tw ther children.
婴儿的母亲和另外两个孩子一起逃离了火海。
③He had a narrw escape frm the fire, but the surface f his skin was severely burned.
他在这次火灾中死里逃生，但是体表被严重烧伤。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
①escape (ding) sth. 逃脱(做)某事escape frm/ut f ... 从……逃跑，逃走
escape ne’s attentin/ntice 逃过某人的注意；被某人遗忘
②have a narrw escape 死里逃生make ne’s escape 逃脱；逃走
★学以致用
【单句填空】
①The driver narrwly escaped __________ (kill) in the traffic accident.
②The wrld I nce knew as being s simple is becming mre cmplex, I find myself needing a way __________ (escape).
【句型转换】
③She was lucky t escape punishment.
→She was lucky t escape __________.
11. fld vt.包；裹；折叠vt.& vi.(可)折小；(可)叠平
I really like that paper flding bk, and my sn likes that paper flding bk, t.(教材P30)
我真的很喜欢那本折纸书， 我儿子也喜欢那本折纸书。
★情景探究
①The brder guard flded his arms acrss his chest and glared the frnt.
边防战士双手交叉于胸前，怒视前方。
②Mst umbrellas can fld up, s it’s easy t carry them.
大部分的伞可以折叠，所以方便携带。
③Many peple just std with flded arms, watching them fight wildly.
许多人只是抱着双臂站在那里，看着他们激烈地打架。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
①fld up 折叠起来a flded letter 一封折叠的信unfld vt.& vi.(使)展开；打开
②flder n. 文件夹
③flding adj.可折叠的
★学以致用
【单句填空】
①He was sitting with his arms __________ (fld).
②The table __________ (fld) up when nt in use.
【完成句子】
③他把信对折放进一个信封里。
He __________ in half and put it in an envelpe.
12. cllectin n. 作品集；收集物；收藏品
……it is even mentined in the ldest cllectin f Chinese petry.(教材P31)
……它甚至在中国最古老的诗集中被提及。
★情景探究
①All the students cllected n the playgrund t d mrning exercises.
所有的学生都在操场上集合做早操。
②The cllectin f these cins tk him eight years.
收集这些硬币花了他8年时间。
③We are ging t make a cllectin t buy flwers fr Janet, wh is ill in the hspital.
我们打算凑钱给珍妮特买花，她生病住院了。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
①art/cin/stamp cllectins 艺术品/硬币/邮票收藏
②a cmplete cllectin f ...……的全集
③a large/small cllectin f ...大/少量的……
④make a cllectin fr 为……募捐
★学以致用
【单句填空】
①The attractin f the museum and gardens lies in the fact that its __________ (cllectin) date frm the Middle Ages.
②The __________ (cllect) f these stamps cst me ten years.
【完成句子】
③她从收藏品中挑选了一枚钻石戒指。
She selected a diamnd ring ____________________.
13. settle vt.& vi.定居；结束(争论)；解决(纠纷)
Histrically, Chinese immigrants settled in the area during the railrad cnstructin and gld rush perid. (教材P32)
历史上，在修筑铁路和淘金热时期，来自中国的移民定居于此。
★情景探究
①There is n dubt that it is the best way t settle the prblem.
毫无疑问这是解决问题的最佳方式。
②They settled dwn t a serius discussin ver cffee.
他们喝着咖啡，开始了认真的讨论。
③It is said that the first settlers f this cuntry were sldiers.
据说第一批到达这个国家的移民是士兵。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
①settle in/int 安顿下来；习惯于；适应settle dwn 舒适地坐下；(在某地)定居下来
settle dwn t ding sth. 开始认真做某事
②settlement n. 移民；定居点settler n. 移民；殖民者
settled adj.稳定的；舒适自在的
★学以致用
【单句填空】
①Befre we settle dwn t __________ (discuss) ther things, I have a questin t ask yu.
②It is reprted that the strikers have reached a __________ (settle) with the emplyers.
【句式升级】
③She has a lt f difficult prblems t settle, s Meng is having a hard time.
→______________________________, Meng is having a hard time. (with的复合结构)
14. cnstructin n. 建筑；建造；建造物；(句子、短语等的)结构
Histrically, Chinese immigrants settled in the area during the railrad cnstructin and gld rush perid. (教材P32)
历史上，在修筑铁路和淘金热时期，来自中国的移民定居于此。
★情景探究
①The hut was cnstructed frm trees that grew in the nearby frest.
这间小屋是用附近森林中的树木盖成的。
②China’s ambassadr called the talks “very cnstructive” and said they wuld cntinue.
中国的大使称这次会谈“很有建设性”，并且说他们会继续下去。
③Our university drmitry is nw under cnstructin n a hillside in the nrth f the city.
我们的大学校舍正在兴建中，它建在这个城市北部的山坡上。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
①under cnstructin 在建设中
②cnstruct v. 修建；建造cnstruct a bridge 建一座桥
cnstruct a thery 创建一个理论be cnstructed frm 由……建造而成
③cnstructive adj.建设性的
【联想助记】
其他“under＋名词”的结构
①under age 未成年；未达到规定年龄②under attack 遭受攻击
③under cnsideratin 在考虑中④under cntrl 在控制中
⑤under discussin 在讨论中⑥under examinatin 在检查中
⑦under pressure 在压力下⑧under repair 在修理中
★学以致用
【单句填空】
①We must hurry up with the __________ (cnstruct) wrk s that we can finish it befre the rainy seasn.
②A new highway is __________ cnstructin between the tw twns.
【句式升级】
③This great stne castle was cnstructed five hundred years ag.
→__________ five hundred years ag ______________________________. (强调结构)
15. suit vt.适合；满足……需要；相配；合身n.西服；套装
There is Chinese fd t suit everyne’s taste, with traditinal dishes frm all ver China. (教材P32)
这里有来自中国各地的传统菜肴，满足每个人的口味需求。
★情景探究
①Chinese gvernment try t prvide assistance specifically designed t suit different regins and peple during the epidemic.
中国政府努力提供针对不同地区、不同人群的疫情援助。
②I want a suit f wrkmanship and suitable fr frmal meetings.
我想要一套做工好并且适合参加正式会议的西装。
③Many f the fish caught fr fun are nt suitable fr eating, s they are thrwn away.
许多为了娱乐而钓来的鱼并不适合食用， 所以它们又被扔掉了。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
①suit sb. /ne’s needs/taste 适合某人/某人的需要/口味
②suitable adj.适当的；合适的be suitable fr sb. /sth. 适合于某人/某物
be suitable t d sth. 适合做某事
③a suit f 一套……
【易混辨析】
suit/fit/match
The size f the shirt fits me well and its clur matches my tie, s it really suits me.
这件衬衫的尺寸很适合我，颜色也和我的领带很相配，所以它真的很适合我。
★学以致用
【单句填空】
①T students, yu’d better chse the activity which interests yu and __________ (suit) yu.
②__________ (suit) schl unifrms can nt nly shw gd discipline but als make us lk mre active.
【一句多译】
③因为我精通英语，所以我的确认为我适合这项志愿者的工作。
→I d believe I __________ this vluntary wrk, because I have a gd knwledge f English.
→I d believe this vluntary wrk __________, because I have a gd knwledge f English.
16. cntain vt.包含；含有；容纳；克制
Des the city/twn intrductin cntain all the imprtant infrmatin？(教材P33)
城市/城镇介绍包含所有重要信息吗？
★情景探究
①She was unable t cntain her excitement.
她无法抑制内心的激动。
②I was s angry. I just culdn’t cntain myself.
我气愤极了，简直无法克制自己。
③I want a cntainer fr these ckies.
我想要一个容器装这些饼干。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
①cntain neself 克制自己cntain ne’s feelings 抑制某人的感情
cntain ne’s anger 抑制某人的怒火cntain ne’s excitement 控制某人的激动
②cntainer n. 容器
【易混辨析】
cntain/include
His schlbag cntains a lt f bks，including a strybk.
他的书包里有很多书，包括一本故事书。
★学以致用
【单句填空】
①He was wrried, because he lst his bag __________ (cntain) his passprt, ID card and a lt f mney.
②When he was criticized by the bss, he was s angry that he culdn’t cntain __________ (he).
【一句多译】
③饭后，她把一个装着一支旧钢笔的小盒子放在我的手里。
→After the meal, she placed a little bx ____________________ in my hand. (分词作定语)
→After the meal, she placed a little bx ____________________ in my hand. (定语从句)
17. determined adj.有决心的；意志坚定的
Hwever, sme scientists were determined t help humans realise their dream t explre space.(教材P40)
然而，一些科学家下定决心要帮助人类实现探索太空的梦想。
★情景探究
①She was determined t lse weight successfully this time.
这一次，她下定决心一定要减肥成功。
②His father made a determined effrt t quit smking.
他爸爸下定决心戒烟。
③It takes hard wrk and determinatin t reach the gals that we want t achieve.
达到我们想要实现的目标需要努力和决心。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
①be determined t d sth. 下定决心做某事
②determine vt.查明；确定；决定determine t d sth. 决定做某事
determine n/upn (ding) sth. 决定(做)某事determine that ... 决定……
③determinatin n. 决心；决定
【名师点津】
be determined (nt) t d sth.表示一种延续的状态，可以与表示一段时间的状语连用，而determine t d sth.表示动作，不能与表示时间段的状语连用。类似用法的单词还有：
① eq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\c1(prepare fr（表动作）,be prepared fr（表状态）))
② eq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\c1(wrry abut（表动作）,be wrried abut（表状态）))
★学以致用
【单句填空】
①__________ (determine) t lk after his parents well, he mved t live with them.
②He fught the illness with curage and __________ (determine).
③I have determined __________ being an astrnaut after graduatin.
18. disappinted adj.失望的；沮丧的
These disasters made everyne sad and disappinted, but the desire t explre the universe never died. (教材P41)
这些灾难让每个人都感到悲伤和失望，但对宇宙探索的渴望从未消失。
★情景探究
①He felt disappinted but he tried t put n a brave face.
他感到很失望，但还是强颜欢笑。
②Fr me, this is a disappinting result.
这对我来说是一个令人失望的结果。
③He was disappinted at nt getting the jb, but he sn gt ver it.
没有得到这个工作机会，他很失望。但很快，他克服了这种失落感。
④T my disappintment, he did nt cme.
使我失望的是他没有来。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
①be disappinted t d sth.因做某事而失望be disappinted at/by sth.对某事感到失望
be disappinted with sb. 对某人感到失望
②disappinting adj.令人失望的
③disappintment n. 失望t ne’s disappintment 令某人失望的是
★学以致用
【单句填空】
①When hearing the __________ (disappint) news that he was banned frm driving, the ld man was very __________ (disappint).
②There were many peple waiting at the bus stp, and sme f them lked very anxius and __________ (disappint).
③T my great __________ (disappint), the cuncil refused t cnsider my prpsal.
19. desire n. 渴望；欲望vt.渴望；期望
the desire t explre the universe never died. (教材P41)
……但对宇宙探索的渴望从未消失。
★情景探究
①I desire her t set t wrk at nce.
我希望她立即开始工作。
②One thing they desired fr themselves and their children was “plenty f wrk”.
他们只替自己和孩子祈求一件事，那就是：“人人有工作。”
③There is a desire fr peace universally.
全世界都渴望和平。
④It is desired that we get everything ready by tnight.
希望我们在今晚之前把一切准备好。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
①have a strng desire eq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\c1(t d sth. 迫切地想要做某事,fr sth. 迫切地想得到某物))
②desire t d sth. 渴望做某事desire sb. t d sth. 想要某人做某事
desire that ...(shuld) d sth.渴望……
【语境助记】
He has a strng desire t get his desirable things, he als desired that his sn be admitted by a key university, s he desired his sn t wrk hard at schl.
他有一种强烈的欲望去得到他想要的东西，他也渴望他的儿子被一所重点大学录取，所以他渴望他的儿子在学校努力学习。
★学以致用
【单句填空】
①This pht reminds us that we all appreciate beauty and that we all share a cmmn desire __________ pleasure.
②I desire that these letters __________ (burn) after I leave.
③I desire __________ (cntact) him fr sme suggestins n imprving my listening.
20. carry n 继续做，坚持干
This is because peple believe in the imprtance f carrying n space explratin despite the huge risks.(教材P41)
这是因为尽管存在巨大的风险，人们仍然相信进行太空探索的重要性。
★情景探究
①Dn’t stp. Please carry n.
别停。请继续。
②She threw the ball back t the by and then carried n reading her bk.
她把球扔回给男孩，然后继续看她的书。
③Can yu carry n with yur wrk while I am away?
我不在的时候你能继续做你的工作吗？
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
①carry n (with) sth./ding sth. 继续(做)某事/做某事
②carry ut 执行，实施；进行
③carry thrugh 帮……渡过难关；把……进行到底
④carry ff 成功地完成；赢得，获得(奖项)
★学以致用
【单句填空】
①The well­disciplined sldiers carried __________ their rders withut questin.
②That family has carried __________ a hardware business fr five generatins.
③His determinatin carried him __________ the sufferings.
④I was flattered t be ffered the jb but wasn’t sure if I culd carry it __________.
21. signal n. 信号；标志vi.& vt.标志着；标明；发信号
This signalled ne step further in China’s plan t establish a space statin in the future.(教材P41)
这标志着中国在未来建立空间站的计划又向前迈出了一步。
★情景探究
①Befre the traffic signal turns green, please dn’t crss the street.
在交通信号灯转换到绿灯以前，请不要穿越马路。
②The pliceman signalled the driver t crss the rad.
警察示意这位司机过马路。
③The guard seems t be signalling t us with his arms.
警卫似乎正在挥臂向我们发信号。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
①a danger/warning signal 危险/警告信号traffic signals 交通信号
send ut a signal 发出信号
②signal (t) sb. t d sth. 示意某人做某事signal (sb.) that ...示意(某人)……
★学以致用
【单句填空】
①The plice __________ (signal) (t) the driver t stp his car by raising his hand.
②Drivers wh give __________ (signal) befre turning r stpping help prevent accidents.
【句式升级】
③A man std up and signalled that he was strngly ppsed t the plan.
→A man std up, ____________________ he was strngly ppsed t the plan. (分词作状语)
IV、练习提升
一、阅读理解
A
Every language has a certain rhythm (节奏) and a certain way f appraching things r thinking abut them. Learning r frgetting a language is thus nt nly abut having r lsing a means f cmmunicatin. It is abut seeing an entire culture either appear r fade away.
Frm the very first day f schl, many schlchildren have the experience f discvering ne language — and the wrld f ideas which cmes with it —and frgetting anther ne: the language they have knwn since infancy (婴儿期). Wrldwide, fur ut f ten students d nt have access t educatin in the language they speak r understand best; as a result, the fundatin fr their learning is fragile.
This distancing frm the mther tngue affects us all, fr the diversity f language is the cmmn gd. And the prtectin f it is a duty.
Technlgy can prvide new tls fr prtecting the diversity f language. Such tls, fr example, encuraging their spread and analysis, allw us t recrd and preserve languages which smetimes exist nly in ral (口头的) frm. Put simply, they make lcal languages a shared heritage.
Hwever, because the Internet pses a risk f unifrmizatin (一致化), we must als be aware that technlgical prgress will serve plurilingualism (多语主义) nly when we make the effrt t ensure that it des. The designing f digital tls in several languages, the supprting f media develpment, and the supprting f access t cnnectivity all need t be dne s that peple can discver different languages withut giving up their mther tngues.
The Internatinal Decade f Indigenus Languages, which began this year, shuld, by directing the effrts f researchers, bradcasters and speakers, push ahead with the prtectin f these invaluable surces f knw-hw and wrldviews. As the lead agency fr Decade-related wrk, UNESCO is fully cmmitted t this cause.
On this Internatinal Mther Language Day, I thus call n everyne able t d s t defend the diversity f language and culture, which makes up the cmmn grammar f ur shared humanity.
1. What d we knw frm paragraph 1?
A. Learning a new language isn’t easy.B. Sme ideas in languages are ften misread.
C. A language reflects the philsphy f its culture.D. Different languages are independent f each ther.
2. What des the underlined wrd “fragile” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Insecure.B. Unfair.C. Satisfactry.D. Nticeable.
3. What des the authr advise tech cmpanies t d?
A. Keep track f Internet users.B. Develp tls supprting multiple languages.
C. Make their every prgress knwn t the public.D. Lk fr talented speakers f different languages.
4. What is the authr’s appeal t everyne?
A. Prtecting mther tngues.B. Learning mre than ne language.
C. Having a gd understanding f grammar.D. Learning abut the develpment f languages.
B
As humanity sets their sights n deep space explratin, the mn becmes a stepping stne, with cuntries hping t build lunar bases t supprt such missins. T slve the “lunch” prblem, scientists have been explring the pssibility f grwing plants n the mn. A new study by Chinese scientists has fund that bacteria in sil frm Earth culd ffer a slutin.
Researchers frm China Agricultural University tested five species f bacteria n a material that simulated (模拟) lunar sil. Within a perid f 10 t 21 days, three f the bacteria species had dubled their amunt f phsphrus (磷) cntent, a key element fr plant grwth.
They then grew mdel plants in the lunar sil cntaining these three bacteria species. They bserved that the plants had lnger stems and rts after six days f grwth cmpared with thse grwn withut the bacteria. The plants als had heavier and wider leaves after 24 days f grwth. Besides, levels f chlrphyll (叶绿素) — respnsible fr harvesting energy frm light — in the mdel plants were abut duble that f thse grwn withut bacteria.
“The study results have imprtant implicatins fr future lng-term stays n the mn,” the study’s lead researcher, Sun Zhencai, tld Xinhua. Earth bacteria may help astrnauts make better use f lunar resurces, such as creating lunar greenhuses. In their fllw-up research, they hpe t experiment with real lunar sil samples and grw crps like rice, cm and ptates.
Since the duratin f space missins is increasing, carrying all fd supplies t space becmes unsustainable. Hence, “space farmers” becmes critical.
During the Shenzhu XI missin, astrnauts managed t grw lettuce, frm swing t harvest. In the later missins, the “space farmers” have successfully grwn wheat, rice and thale cress (拟南芥), accrding t CCTV News.
The mst recent visitrs t China’s space statin, the Shenzhu XVII astrnauts, are nw grwing lettuce, scallin and cherry tmat. These “space farmers” nt nly prvide astrnauts with fd but als mre xygen and water.
5. What d scientists hpe the bacteria in sil frm Earth can d?
A. Change lunar sil. int Earth sil.B. Remve pllutants in lunar sil.
C. Help cultivate crps n the mn.D. Get nutrients frm the lunar sil.
6. The scientists divided the plants used in the experiment int grups based n ________.
A. plant speciesB. bacteria species
C. the grwth rate f the plantsD. the presence f the bacteria
7. What is the main fcus f the last tw paragraphs n China’s “space farming”?
A. Future missins.B. Recent achievements.C. Planting methds.D. Prductin prcesses.
8. Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A. Bacteria frm: Earth May Help Grw Crps n the Mn
B. Bacteria Play a Key Rle in Grwing Crps Nwadays
C. China Has Made Many Achievements Regarding Crp Harvest
D. The Origin and Develpment f Space Explratin Wrldwide
二、七选五
The 24 slar terms are part f the traditinal Chinese calendar. The Chinese peple divided a year in-t 24 segments (片段) based n the sun’s psitin in the zdiac (黄道十二宫). 9 They reflect the changes f the seasns, climate and phenlgy (生物气候学). The Yellw River Basin in nrth-ern China is believed t be the cradle (摇篮) f the slar terms system.
Slar terms were instructins fr agricultural prductin and peple’s daily lives. They mark things like seasns, temperature, precipitatin(降水), grwth f the crps and weather cnditins. 10 Mst f the slar terms bear with them rich scial and cultural meanings. Fr instance, during the “Start f Winter”, peple eat dumplings. 11 , when peple pay respect t thse they have lst.
The ancient calendar remains relevant t this day. 12 , and we must prtect it. The cultural legacy reflects the Chinese peple’s respect fr nature and traditin, their unique understanding f the universe, their wisdm t live in harmny with nature and the wrld’s cultural diversity, said Zhang Ling, an fficial with the Ministry f Culture in 2017.
13 . Their creativity and cnsciusness can bring new life t ancient culture. Many yung peple have already been cntributing their energy and strength t this feat. In fact, they have been living up t this challenge thrugh rather artistic means. Many phts, essays and paintings have centered arund the theme f the 24 slar terms and expressed the vitality and rich traditin f Chinese histry.
A. Each segment is called a slar term
B. The “Pure Brightness” is als referred t as Tmb-Sweeping Day
C. The sun’s psitins bring abut many things related t human life
D. Their wisdm fr life and nature made the traditinal festival ppular tday
E. It is the yuth f China wh can best help carry n this significant part f ur culture
F. Many farmers still rely n the slar terms t wrk in the fields
G. This has lng been a central element f life in China
三、语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Wang Yaping, China’s secnd female astrnaut wh is nw n a six-mnth missin n bard the cuntry’s space statin, has recently recrded a vide message fr the United Natins ffice, 1 (send) her greetings t wmen arund the wrld.
She said there are n significant differences in the ability f the sexes t adapt and wrk in space. “I hpe all girls wh are 2 (passin) abut space guard yur dreams. In space 3 (explre), wmen can cmplete the same training and assessment as men. 4 is predictable that mre wmen will participate in manned spaceflight missins. It will have a very imprtant impact 5 human explring space. Althugh ur natinalities, ethnicities and 6 (ccupatin) are different, we are making the wrld mre lively, mre harmnius and 7 (warm). I’d like t take this pprtunity t thank every female fr their selfless devtin,” she said.
Wang went int space n bard the Shenzhu-13 Spaceship and entered the space statin n Oct. 16, 2021, barding n the six-mnth space missin. Wang 8 (be) in rbit fr mre than 130 days, with Wang setting a recrd fr the mst days in space by a Chinese astrnaut.
On June 20, 2013, 9 Wang tk her first space missin in the Shenzhu-10 Spaceship, she 10 (deliver) a 40-minute pen class, China’s first live space lecture, t schl children natinwide.suit
多指需要、口味、性格、条件、时间或衣物的颜色、款式的适合等
fit
多指大小、尺寸合适
match
多指色调、形状、性质相配
cntain
着重指容纳或装载的量，或表示包含在内的成分
include
着重指被包含者只是整体的一部分