09 必修三 Unit 4 语法：语法精讲精练---不定式作定语和状语（原卷版+解析版）2023-2024学年高一英语下学期期末复习高效突破（人教版2019）

这是一份09 必修三 Unit 4 语法：语法精讲精练---不定式作定语和状语（原卷版+解析版）2023-2024学年高一英语下学期期末复习高效突破（人教版2019），文件包含09必修三Unit4语法语法精讲精练---不定式作定语和状语原卷版2023-2024学年高一英语下学期期末复习高效突破人教版2019docx、09必修三Unit4语法语法精讲精练---不定式作定语和状语解析版2023-2024学年高一英语下学期期末复习高效突破人教版2019docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共21页， 欢迎下载使用。
eq \a\vs4\al(一、动词不定式的形式)
动词不定式的形式是t＋原形动词。在某些情况下t可省略。
eq \a\vs4\al(二、动词不定式作定语)
1. 动词不定式作定语常表示将来的动作。
The questin t be discussed at the meeting is very imprtant.
将在会议上讨论的那个问题非常重要。
The airprt t be cmpleted next year will help prmte turism in this area.
明年将要完工的机场将有助于促进这一地区旅游业的发展。
His wish t have a TV set f his wn will cme true.
她想拥有一台自己的电视的希望将会变成现实。
2. 动词不定式(短语)作定语时，一般情况下会将其置于所修饰词的后面，并且与被修饰的词之间构成一定的逻辑关系。
(1)主谓关系
被修饰词是动词不定式动作的发出者。此时被修饰词通常由nly, very, next, last，序数词或者形容词的最高级修饰。
The future t greet us will be very bright.
迎接我们的未来会十分美好。
He’s always the first persn f the team t put the slutin t the prblem.
他总是团队里第一个提出问题的解决方案的人。
(2)动宾关系
被修饰词是动词不定式动作的承受者。此时需要注意，如果动词不定式中的动词是不及物动词，其后应接必要的介词。
The teacher left us a lt f prblems t slve.
老师给我们留了许多道题去解答。
He can find n ne t make friends with.
他找不到可交朋友的人。
Mr Brwn has smething imprtant t deal with at present.
目前布朗先生有重要的事情要处理。
【温馨提示】
当动词不定式与所修饰词之间是动宾关系时，若句中有其逻辑主语或者是说话人做该动作时，用主动形式表示被动意义；若没有其逻辑主语或说话人不做该动作，则用被动形式。
I have a letter t write.
我有一封信要写。(“我”写)
The ld lady has a letter t be written.
老妇人有一封信要写。(老妇人自己不会写信，是让别人帮忙写)
(3)修饰关系
动词不定式对所修饰的词起到补充说明的作用。这些被修饰词一般为：ability, ambitin, attempt, chance, curage, time, decisin, effrt, failure, ffer, prmise, right, way, wish, reasn等。
Nw it is time t begin ur class.
现在是上课的时间了。
Is that the way t pen the can?
那就是打开罐头的方法吗？
The vluntary service gives yu a chance t change lives, including yur wn.
志愿服务给你一个改变生活的机会，包括(改变)你自己的生活。
Yu shuld grasp the ability t slve the cmplex prblems.
你应该掌握解决复杂问题的能力。
eq \a\vs4\al(三、动词不定式作状语)
动词不定式结构可以作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词等，表示目的、原因、结果、条件等。
1. 表示目的
(1)表示目的的动词不定式常置于句首。
T succeed, he must believe in himself first.
要想成功，首先他必须相信自己。
(2)为了强调表示目的的动词不定式结构，特别是在动词不定式结构前有否定词nt时，通常可以在动词不定式符号t之前加上in rder或s as，但是s as t d不能放在句首。
In rder nt t miss the train he went early.
为了不错过那列火车他早早地就走了。
The teacher raised her vice s as t make herself heard.
为了让别人听见，老师提高了音量。
(3)动词不定式结构表示目的时，通常句子的主语就是它的逻辑主语，但也有例外的情况。
They sent a man t mend the windw.
他们派了一个人去修窗户。
2. 表示原因
动词不定式放在系表结构后面表示产生某种情绪或状态的原因。
I am very srry t hear that.
听到这事我很难过。
3. 表示结果
当动词不定式表示事先没有预料到的结果时，应将其放在句子后面。在s t, such t, nly t ...以及t , enugh t d等结构中的不定式都表示结果。
I rushed t the statin as fast as I culd, nly t find the train had already gne.
我以最快的速度赶到火车站，结果发现火车已经开了。
I’m t tired t stay up lnger.
我太累了，不能再熬夜了。
四、单句语法填空：
1.The airprt __________ (cmplete) next year will help prmte turism in this area.
2.The best way __________ (imprve) yur English is t jin an English club.
3.Sme scientists were determined t help humans realise their dream __________ (explre) space.
4.—The last ne __________ (arrive) pays the meal. —Agreed!
5.On 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first persn in the wrld __________ (g) int space.
6.With the wrld changing fast, we have smething new __________ (deal) with all by urselves every day.
7.A grup f yung peple gt tgether __________ (discuss) this questin.
8.First f all, yu must be intelligent enugh __________ (get) a related cllege degree.
9.He gt up late and hurried t his ffice, __________ (leave) the breakfast untuched.
10.Anxiusly, she tk the dress ut f the package and tried it n, nly __________ (find) it didn’t fit.
11.When the grillas and I frightened each ther, I was just glad __________ (find) them alive.
12.The questin was very difficult __________ (answer).
13.The bx is light enugh __________ (carry).
14. __________ (wrk ut) the difficult maths prblem, I have cnsulted Prfessr Russell several times.
15. __________ (learn) mre abut Chinese culture, Jack has decided t take Chinese flk music as an elective curse.
16. Whatever yur age r interests, Buxtn has smething __________ (make) yur visit truly memrable.
17. __________ (enjy) the cnvenience f digital payment, many senir citizens started t use smart phnes.
18. Jennifer Mauer became the first in her large family __________ (earn) bachelr’s degree.
19. __________ (test) the effect f scial influence n eating habits the researchers cnducted tw experiments.
20. Friedman pints ut that the green ecnmy is a chance __________ (keep) American strength.
21. Frtunately, after brief stay in hspital, Ben was well enugh __________ (allw) t leave and later the family met up fr dinner.
22. I was watching the clck all thrugh the meeting, as I had a train __________ (catch).
23. Majr theme parks in Japan have been clsed since as early as February __________ (stp) the spread f COVID--19.
24. I have n ne __________ (blame) but myself fr what I have dne.
25. I have the ability __________ (take) charge f the paper­cutting exhibitin t be held next Sunday.
26. Li Ying is the first persn __________ (jin) the vlunteering club in her class.
27. Mr. Jhnsn is the nly freign teacher __________ (invite) t attend the meeting.
28. Fr 25 days, she never left her baby, nt even t find smething __________ (eat).
29. Our hsts shared many f their experiences and recmmended wnderful places __________ (eat), shp, and visit.
30. There are plenty f pprtunities fr the creative persn __________ (becme) invlved, including wrkshps and events.
31. That is the nly way we can imagine __________ (reduce) the veruse f water in students’ bathrms.
32. A husewarming party is a special party __________ ( hld) when smene buys r mves int a new apartment r huse.
33. T tell the truth, everyne thught she was the mst suitable wman __________ (take) the jb.
34. I’ve heard that a ftball match will be held next Friday and I can’t wait __________ (watch) it.
35. After reaching yur destinatin, yu will have a day __________ (explre) and be amazed by this ancient city.
36. She has the ptential __________ (imprve) individual attainment and becme a famus writer.
37. __________ (make) a film lk real, great effrt must smetimes be made t research, find and build bjects.
38. His parents, like mst, hped he wuld g t a big city __________ (find) a teaching jb.
39. Mre TV prgrams will be prduced __________ (raise) peple’s cncern ver fd safety.
40. __________ (make) it easier t get in tuch with us, yu’d better keep this card at hand.
41. Little Tm went t the stadium in a hurry, nly __________ (infrm) the game had been put ff.
42. I was shcked __________ (hear) that a large number f panglins (穿山甲) were being killed fr their medical value.
43. I am delighted __________ (infrm) yu that this year’s music festival will be held shrtly.
44. As a fan f the writer, I am desperate __________ (have) access t getting his latest bk.
45. Difficult as the prblem was __________ (vercme), they kept n seeking fr pssible slutins instead f giving up hpe.
46. We are very aware f the value f the prduct we are prducing and we are nt scared __________ (charge) fr it.
47. With the wrld changing fast, we have smething new __________ (deal) with all by urselves every day.
48. It’s said that the next Olympic Games __________ (hld)in their cuntry will cver mre events than any ther Olympics did.
49. Backpacker plicies（保险单）are specially designed __________ (meet) yur needs, by ffering a high level f cver fr a lng time f travel.
50. The text is t difficult. The explanatin f ur teacher will help make it easy __________ (understand).
【答案】1. t be cmpleted 2. t imprve 3. t explre 4. t arrive 5. t g 6. t deal 7. t discuss 8. t get 9. leaving 10. t find 11. t find 12. t answer 13. t carry 14. T wrk ut 15. T learn 16. t make 17. T enjy 18. t earn 19. T test 20. t keep 21. t be allwed 22. t catch 23. t stp 24. t blame 25. t take 26. t jin 27. t be invited 28. t eat 29. t eat 30. t becme 31. t reduce 32. t be held 33. t take 34. t watch 35. t explre 36. t imprve 37. T make 38. t find 39. t raise 40. T make 41. t be infrmed 42. t hear 43. t infrm 44. t have 45. t vercme 46. t charge 47. t deal 48. t be held 49. t meet 50. t understand
五、高考真题回顾：
1. (2023·全国甲卷) Fr thusands f years, peple have tld fables (寓言) — __________ (teach) a lessn r t pass n wisdm.
2. (2022·全国I卷) The plan will extend prtectin t a significant number f areas that were previusly unprtected, bringing many f the existing prtected areas fr giant pandas under ne authrity __________ (increase) effectiveness and reduce incnsistencies in management.
3. (2022·新高考全国I卷) He pushed a chair nt the balcny, and climbed up __________ (see) them.
4. (2022·全国甲卷) A visually-challenged man frm Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days t Xi’an, as a first step __________ (jurney) the Belt and Rad rute (路线) by ft.
5. (2022·全国乙卷) __________ (strengthen) the cnnectin with yung peple, the event included a number f public prmtinal activities n scial
6. (2021·全国II卷) I decided t d smething __________ (educate) peple abut this prblem.
7. (2019·全国I卷) Mdern methds f tracking plar bear ppulatins have been emplyed nly since the mid－1980s, and are expensive ___________ (perfrm) cnsistently ver a large area.
8. (2019·江苏卷) __________ (enjy) the cnvenience f digital payment, many senir citizens started t use smart phnes.
9. (2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Yu dn’t have t run fast r fr lng __________ (see) the benefit.
10. (2018·全国卷Ⅱ)The gvernment encurages farmers t grw crn instead f rice ___________ (imprve) water quality.
11. (2017·浙江) Sixteen years earlier, Pahlssn had remved the diamnd ring __________ (ck) a meal.
12. (全国Ⅲ) Skilled wrkers als cmbine varius hardwds and metal __________ (create) special designs.
13. (四川) Fr 25 days, she never left her baby, nt even t find smething __________ (eat)!
【答案与解析】
1.【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：几千年来，人们通过讲寓言来传授知识或传授智慧。根据句意可知，此处表达“来传授知识和智慧”，所以用不定式作目的状语。故填t teach。
2.【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，以提高效率。分析句子可知，空处应填动词非谓语形式作目的状语，故空处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填t increase。
3.【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，此处用动词不定式做目的状语。故用t see。
4.【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，所填的词作定语修饰名词step，所以用动词不定式，故填t jurney。
5.【解析】考查非谓语动词。结合句意可知，此处需用不定式表目的，“为了加强和年轻人的联系，”。故填T strengthen。
6.【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:我决定做一些事情来教育人们这个问题。分析句子结构可知, (educate) peple abut this prblem用做目的状语，所以用动词不定式。故填t educate。
7.【解析】考查非谓语动词。主系表结构之后，常用不定式作原因等状语，句意：跟踪北极熊的现代方法只是在二十世纪八十年代以来开始采用，并且在如此大区域内持续采用是昂贵的，故填t perfrm。
8.【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处是不定式作目的状语。句意：为了享受数字支付的方便，很多老年市民开始使用智能手机。故填不定式T enjy。
9.【解析】考查不定式作目的状语。你不必跑得太快或时间太长就能看到它的好处。此处不定式作目的状语，故填t see。
10.【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了改善水质政府鼓励农民种植玉米而不是大米。没有连词连接且谓语动词是encurages，故imprve应该用非谓语动词。此处表示目的，故用不定式。故填t imprve。
11.【解析】考查不定式作目的状语。Pahlssn当时摘掉钻戒的目的是为了做饭，故用动词不定式作目的状语。故填t ck。
12.【解析】考查不定式作目的状语。句中已有谓语cmbine，故此处应考虑填非谓语动词，cmbine varius hardwds and metal的目的是t create special designs，故填动词不定式作目的状语。故填t create。
13.【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意为：25天中，她寸步不离她的孩子，甚至不去找东西吃！不定式t eat作定语，修饰前面的不定代词smething。故填t eat。
六、语篇语法填空：
(1)
The 78th United Natins General Assembly passed a reslutin (决议) n Friday, fficially 1 (annunce) the Lunar New Year, als knwn as the Spring Festival, as a UN flating hliday. Experts said the mve shws the 2 (significance) influence f Chinese culture and will cntribute 3 the prmtin f the Glbal Civilizatin Initiative.
The Lunar New Year nt nly bears the ideas f peace and harmny 4 (value) by Chinese civilizatin but als carries the cmmn values f humanity such as family harmny and harmnius cexistence between humans 5 nature.
The reasn why the Lunar New Year can pass natinal brders and is increasingly welcmed by many cuntries 6 (lie) mainly in the rich cultural heritage f China and the driving frce f glbalizatin. As the wrld’s secnd-largest ecnmy, China’s cultural elements have spread alngside its ecnmic influence. In the trend f glbalizatin, peple’s interest in diverse cultures is 7 (gradual) increasing, and the Lunar New Year has becme a majr means fr peple 8 (cmmunicate) and cnnect.
Therefre, the fficial 9 (recgnize) f the Chinese New Year as a UN hliday fully reflects an emphasis n the inheritance and innvatin f civilizatin, 10 will prmte exchanges and mutual learning amng diverse wrld cultures and actively embdy the UN’s values f diverse and inclusive cultural ideals.
【答案】1. annuncing 2. significant 3. t 4. valued 5. and 6. lies 7. gradually 8. t cmmunicate 9. recgnitin 10. which
【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。本文主要讲述了联合国第78届大会正式宣布农历新年为联合国流动假日，这表明了中国文化的影响力和全球文明素养的提升。
1. 考查非谓语动词。句意：联合国第78届大会在周五正式宣布农历新年，又称春节，为联合国流动假日。分析句子结构，本句谓语为passed，空格处作非谓语，此处应用动词annunce“宣布”的现在分词形式，作状语，故填 annuncing。
2. 考查形容词。句意：专家表示，这一举措显示了中国文化的重要影响力，有助于推动全球文明倡议。空格处应用形容词作定语，修饰名词 influence，significance是名词，其形容词是significant，意为“重要的”，故填significant。
3. 考查介词。句意：专家表示，这一举措显示了中国文化的重要影响力，有助于推动全球文明倡议。结合句意和空前的cntribute可知，本空填介词t，cntribute t意为“有助于”，为固定搭配。故填t。
4. 考查非谓语动词。句意：农历新年不仅承载着中华文明所崇尚的和平与和谐的理念，也承载着家庭和睦、人与自然和谐相处等人类共同的价值观。分析句子结构，本句谓语为bears，空格处作非谓语，动词value“重视，珍视”与the ideas f peace and harmny是逻辑上的被动关系，应用动词的过去分词形式，作后置定语，故填valued。
5. 考查连词。句意：农历新年不仅承载着中华文明所崇尚的和平与和谐的理念，也承载着家庭和睦、人与自然和谐相处等人类共同的价值观。意为“在……和……之间”，为固定搭配，故填and。
6. 考查动词时态。句意：农历新年之所以能超越国界，并受到许多国家的欢迎，主要是因为中国丰富的文化遗产和全球化的驱动力。lie in“在于”。分析句子结构，空格处作谓语，根据句意和is可知，本句陈述事实，时态为一般现在时，主语是The reasn是第三人称单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式，故填lies。
7. 考查副词。句意：在全球化的趋势下，人们对多元文化的兴趣逐渐增加，农历新年已成为人们交流联系的主要手段。空格处应用副词修饰动词increasing，gradual是形容词，其副词是 gradually，意为“逐渐地”，故填gradually。
8. 考查非谓语动词。句意：在全球化的趋势下，人们对多元文化的兴趣逐渐增加，农历新年已成为人们交流联系的主要手段。分析句子结构，本句谓语为has becme，此处用非谓语动词，用动词cmmunicate“交流”的不定式作后置定语，修饰名词means。故填t cmmunicate。
9. 考查名词。句意：因此，正式承认中国新年为联合国节日，充分体现了对文明传承和创新的重视，将促进世界不同文化之间的交流互鉴，积极体现联合国多元包容的文化理想价值观。空格处应用名词作主语，recgnize是动词，其名词是recgnitin，意为“承认”，是不可数名词。故填recgnitin。
10. 考查定语从句。句意：因此，正式承认中国新年为联合国节日，充分体现了对文明传承和创新的重视，将促进世界不同文化之间的交流互鉴，积极体现联合国多元包容的文化理想价值观。分析句子结构可知，本空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是the fficial recgnitin，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
(2)
Being the biggest and the ldest in America, the Chinatwn in San Francisc is a very ppular turist attractin, 1 can be visited at any time f the year. The place used t be the 2 (settle) f Chinese immigrants. With time 3 (g) by, it turned int a centre fr Chinese culture.
In the 1906 earthquake, mst f Chinatwn 4 (destry), but the city and residents rebuilt it, taking care t include lts f Chinese architecture, such 5 the legendary Dragn Gate, the Tin Hw Temple and Bank f Cantn. On Prtsmuth Square, visitrs can experience 6 (traditin) Chinese culture in real life. Yu can find all kinds f suvenirs, gds, clthing and Chinese herbal medicine there. What’s mre, yu can taste and buy 7 (variety) f Chinese tea. The Chinese fd there is 8 (especial) appealing with traditinal dishes frm all ver China.
Chinatwns play 9 imprtant part in the diverse culture f the USA. They allw visitrs wh have never been t China 10 (experience) traditinal Chinese culture first hand.
【答案】1. which 2. settlement 3. ging 4. was destryed 5. as 6. traditinal 7. varieties 8. especially 9. an 10. t experience
【解析】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍旧金山的唐人街。
1. 考查定语从句。句意：旧金山的唐人街是美国最大、历史最悠久的唐人街，是一个非常受欢迎的旅游景点，一年中的任何时候都可以参观。分析句子结构和意思可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词Chinatwn在从句中作主语，指物，用关系代词which引导。故填which。
2. 考查名词。句意：这个地方曾经是中国移民的聚居地。分析句子结构和意思可知，空格前面有定冠词the，后面用名词，作表语，此处指旧金山的唐人街这个中国移民的聚居地，应用单数形式。故填settlement。
3. 考查非谓语动词。句意：随着时间的流逝，它变成了中国文化的中心。分析句子结构和意思可知，此处考查with复合结构：with+宾语+宾补，time和g之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词形式，表示主动，作补语。故填ging。
4. 考查谓语动词。句意：在1906年的地震中，唐人街的大部分被毁，但这座城市和居民重建了它，并仔细修建了许多中国建筑，如传说中的龙门、天道寺和广州银行。分析句子结构和意思可知，主语mst f Chinatwn和谓语动词destry之间是被动关系，讲述的是过去的事情，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，be动词用was。故填was destryed。
5. 考查固定搭配。句意见第4题详解。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查固定搭配such as，意为“例如”。故填as。
6. 考查形容词。句意：在朴茨茅斯广场，游客可以在现实生活中体验中国传统文化。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里要用形容词修饰后面的名词culture。故填traditinal。
7. 考查固定搭配。句意：此外，您还可以品尝并购买各种中国茶。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查固定搭配varieties f，意为“各种各样的”，故填varieties。
8. 考查副词。句意：那里的中餐特别吸引中国各地的传统菜肴。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里要用副词修饰形容词appealing。故填especially。
9. 考查冠词。句意：唐人街在美国多元文化中扮演着重要的角色。分析句子结构和意思可知，空格后面有可数名词单数part，前面需要用不定冠词修饰，表示泛指，空格后的单词imprtant的第一个音素是元音音素，用an。固定搭配play an imprtant part in，意为“在……中起重要作用”。故填an。
10. 考查动词短语。句意：他们让从未去过中国的游客亲身体验中国传统文化。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查动词短语allw sb. t d sth.，意为“允许某人做某事”。故填t experience。
(3)
A cmputer prgram has beaten a human player at the ancient Chinese bard game G (围棋). It marked an imprtant advance fr the 1 (develp) f artificial intelligence. The prgram, 2 (call) AlphaG, had taught itself hw t win. It beat the Eurpean player in all five games f a match in Octber. The develpers say 3 (it) learning ability may smeday let cmputers help slve real­wrld prblems. Thse culd include making medical diagnses and 4 (explre) scientific research.
Previusly cmputers have beaten humans in ther games. But amng classic games, G has lng been viewed as the mst challenging game fr artificial intelligence t master. Therefre, many peple find it 5 (accept) when AlphaG wn the human player.
G invlves tw players wh take turns putting markers n a checkerbard-like grid (格子). Players btain the ppnent’s pieces 6 surrunding them. The rules are simple, 7 playing it is nt. It’s 8 (prbable) the mst cmplex game ever created by humans.
Martin Mueller, a cmputing science prfessr, 9 (wrk) n G prgrams fr 30 years. He nce said, “The new prgram is really a big step up frm everything else that we’ve seen. It’s a very 10 (amaze) piece f wrk.”
【解析】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了阿尔法围棋人机大战事件，它标志着人工智能的重大进步。
1. develpment 解析：考查名词。句意：这标志着人工智能的发展取得了重大进展。空格前是定冠词the，空处应该用名词。
2. called 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：这个叫阿尔法围棋的程序自学了如何取胜。分析句子可知，这里要用过去分词作后置定语。
3. its 解析：考查代词。句意：开发人员说，将来有一天，这个程序的学习能力可能会让计算机帮助解决现实世界中的问题。分析句子可知，这里的it指代上文的a cmputer prgram，空格后面是名词短语learning ability，所以空格处用形容词性物主代词its。
4. explring 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：那些(问题)可能包括进行医学诊断和探索科学研究。句中and连接两个并列成分，作include的宾语，前面的动词make用了动名词形式，后面的explre也要用动名词形式。
5. unacceptable 解析：考查形容词。句意：因此，当AlphaG战胜人类棋手时，很多人觉得难以接受。这里是句式find it/sth.＋adj.意为“发现某事是怎样的”。unacceptable“不能接受的”。
6. by 解析：考查介词。句意：棋手通过包围对手的棋子来获得他们的棋子。空格后面是动名词，结合句意可知，此处表示一种方式，所以这里用by表示方式。
7. but 解析：考查连词。句意：规则很简单，但是玩起来就不是那么简单了。分析句子可知，空格处缺少连词，结合上下文语意可知，前后两个句子是转折关系，所以用but。
8. prbably 解析：考查副词。句意：这可能是人类创造的最复杂的游戏。空格后是形容词的最高级形式，故用副词修饰形容词。
9. has wrked 解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：计算机科学教授马丁·穆勒从事围棋程序研究已有30年。根据上下文语境和句子中的标志性时间状语fr 30 years可知，本句要用现在完成时，因为句子的主语是第三人称单数，所以用has wrked。
10. amazing 解析：考查形容词。句意：这是一件非常令人惊奇的作品。空格前有系动词is，所以用形容词修饰后面的名词wrk。amaze的形容词形式有两个，amazed“大为惊奇的”，用来修饰人；amazing“令人吃惊的”，用来修饰物或事情，这里用amazing来修饰wrk。
(4)
Peple hld different pinins abut space explratin. Sme peple think 1 (explre) space is a waste f time and mney 2 thers feel this is a shallw view which fails t realise hw explring space is 3 (help) t us.
Firstly, explring space has already made a 4 (different) in the fight against wrld hunger. Scientists use the data 5 (cllect) by satellites t prvide useful recmmendatins and advice 6 farmers. Secndly, space explratin has already prmted technlgical imprvements that are beneficial t us. 7 (final), sending astrnauts int space has helped peple t think abut the wrld’s prblems and even t find ways 8 (slve) them.
In 9 wrd, the space explratin prvides the wrld with varius benefits. Therefre, it shuld cntinue s as t prvide new and 10 (gd) slutins t peple’s shrt-term and lng-term prblems.
【答案】1. explring 2. while 3. helpful 4. difference 5. cllected 6. fr 7. Finally 8. t slve 9. a 10. better
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了人们对太空探索的不同看法。
1. 考查非谓语动词。句意：有些人认为探索太空是浪费时间和金钱，而另一些人则认为这是一种肤浅的观点，没有意识到探索太空对我们有多大的帮助。所填词作从句的主语，所以用动名词形式。故填explring。
2. 考查连词。句意：有些人认为探索太空是浪费时间和金钱，而另一些人则认为这是一种肤浅的观点，没有意识到探索太空对我们有多大的帮助。根据句意可知，句子前后表示轻微的对比，所以用连词while。故填while。
3. 考查形容词。句意：有些人认为探索太空是浪费时间和金钱，而另一些人则认为这是一种肤浅的观点，没有意识到探索太空对我们有多大的帮助。所填的词作表语，所以用形容词形式helpful，表示“有帮助的”，符合题意。故填helpful。
4. 考查名词。句意：首先，探索太空已经在与世界饥饿的斗争中发挥了作用。make a difference起作用。故填difference。
5. 考查非谓语动词。句意：科学家利用卫星收集的数据为农民提供有用的推荐和建议。句中已有谓语动词use，所以空处作非谓语动词。名词data和cllect是被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。故填cllected。
6. 考查介词。句意：科学家利用卫星收集的数据为农民提供有用的推荐和建议。prvide sth. fr sb.为某人提供某物，为固定搭配，故填fr。
7. 考查副词。句意：最后，将宇航员送入太空有助于人们思考世界上的问题，甚至找到解决问题的方法。所填词修饰整个句子，所以用副词形式。故填Finally。
8. 考查非谓语动词。句意：最后，将宇航员送入太空有助于人们思考世界上的问题，甚至找到解决问题的方法。所填的词作定语修饰ways，所以用动词不定式。故填t slve。
9. 考查固定搭配。句意：总之，太空探索给世界带来了各种各样的好处。in a wrd总之。故填a。
10. 考查比较级。句意：因此，它应该继续下去，以便为人们的短期和长期问题提供新的更好的解决方案。根据句意可知，此处暗含了比较，所以用gd的比较级形式。故填better。
(5)
The Wandering Earth is a Chinese science fictin mvie, 1 is based n the nvel f 2 same name by Liu Cixin, and was released n February 5, 2019, the Chinese New Year’s Day.
After learning the sun is dying ut, peple all arund the wrld feel 3 (frighten), s they build giant planet thrusters (行星推进器) 4 (mve) the Earth ut f its rbit and sail 5 t a new star system. The 2,500 years’ jurney cmes with unexpected dangers, but in rder t save humanity, a grup f yung peple cme ut bravely and fight hard fr everyne’s 6 (survive).
We 7 (impress) t see the theme f this film. It desn’t particularly shw smebdy’s ability t save ur wrld 8 shws all the human beings are wrking tgether, 9 (spare) n effrt t save this wrld.
The Wandering Earth is seen by peple as the dawn (开端) f Chinese science fictin mvies. It means that China’s sci­fi mvies have 10 (fficial) set sail.
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了《流浪地球》这部电影的主要内容和意义。
1. which 解析：考查定语从句的关系词。此句是非限制性定语从句，先行词指物，并在从句中作主语，故用关系代词which引导定语从句。
2. the 解析：考查冠词。句意：《流浪地球》是一部中国的科幻电影，改编自刘慈欣的同名小说。same常和定冠词the连用，故填the。
3. frightened 解析：考查形容词。句意：在得知太阳正在消失后，世界各地的人们都感到害怕。feel是系动词，后面接形容词作表语。表示“(人)害怕的”，应用frightened。故填frightened。
4. t mve 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：所以他们建造了巨大的行星推进器，把地球从轨道上移开，把它带到一个新的星系。此处表示目的，用动词不定式，故填t mve。
5. it 解析：考查代词。该空作sail的宾语，指代the Earth，故用it。
6. survival 解析：考查名词。该空作介词fr的宾语，故用名词survival。
7. are impressed 解析：考查动词的时态和语态。该空作谓语，主语we和impress之间是被动关系，且根据上下文语境可知，该句应用一般现在时。故填are impressed。
8. but 解析：考查固定搭配。句意：它并没有特别显示某个人拯救世界的能力，而是显示了所有人都在一起努力，不遗余力地拯救这个世界。nt ...表示“不是……而是……”，是固定搭配。故填but。
9. sparing 解析：考查非谓语动词。此句是非谓语动词作状语，主语all the human beings和spare n effrt之间是逻辑上的主动关系，故用现在分词sparing。
10. fficially 解析：考查副词。句意：《流浪地球》被人们视为中国科幻电影的开山之作。这意味着中国的科幻电影已经正式起航。该空修饰动词短语set sail，故用副词fficially。
形式
主动
被动
一般式
t d
t be dne
进行式
t be ding
现在完成式
t have dne
t have been dne
现在完成进行式
t have been ding