08 选择性必修三 Unit 5语法：语法精讲精练--定语从句复习（原卷版+解析版）2023-2024学年高二英语下学期期末复习高效突破（人教版2019）

这是一份08 选择性必修三 Unit 5语法：语法精讲精练--定语从句复习（原卷版+解析版）2023-2024学年高二英语下学期期末复习高效突破（人教版2019），文件包含08选择性必修三Unit5语法语法精讲精练--定语从句复习原卷版2023-2024学年高二英语下学期期末复习高效突破人教版2019docx、08选择性必修三Unit5语法语法精讲精练--定语从句复习解析版2023-2024学年高二英语下学期期末复习高效突破人教版2019docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共27页， 欢迎下载使用。
一、复习定语从句
I.关系代词引导的定语从句
1. 常用的关系代词：that, which, wh, whm, whse, as(在从句中作主语、宾语、定语、表语)。
2. 意义及作用：
(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Here’s a handful f ways that will set yu in the right directin.
这里有一些方法可以帮你找到正确的方向。(that在从句中作主语)
Is he the man wh/that wants t see yu?
他是那个想见你的男人吗？(wh/that在从句中作主语)
He is the man (whm/that/wh) I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whm/that/wh在从句中作宾语)
The package (which/that) yu are carrying is abut t cme unwrapped.
你拿的那个包裹快要散开了。(which/that在从句中作宾语)
The girl whse parents are bth teachers is wrking hard.
这个父母都是教师的女孩学习很刻苦。(whse在从句中作定语)
3. 定语从句的先行词为事或物时，只能用that不能用which引导的情况：
(1)先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰。
That is ne f the mst interesting bks that are sld in the bkshp.
那是这家书店出售的最有趣的书之一。
(2)先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰。
The first thing that we shuld d is t get sme fd.
我们应该做的第一件事是弄点食物。
(3)先行词是不定代词时，如all, few, little, much, anything, nthing, smething等。
Nthing that the teacher des desn’t influence his students.
老师所做的事情没有不影响到学生的。
(4)先行词既有人又有物时。
The writer and his nvel that yu have just talked abut are really well knwn.
你刚才谈到的那位作家以及他的小说确实很出名。
(5)先行词被nly, the very, n, ne f等修饰时。
My necklace is nt the nly thing that's missing.
我不只是丢了一条项链。
(6)在由which, wh, whm引导的问句中，为避免重复，常用that。
Which is the mvie that yu like best?
哪部电影是你最喜欢的？
(7)先行词在主句中作表语，或者关系代词本身作从句的表语时宜用that。
China is n lnger the cuntry that she was.
中国再也不是原来的那个国家了。
4. 只能用which而不能用that的情况：
(1)当先行词表示事物意义，并且在从句中作介词的宾语，那么就只能用which。
The wrld in which we live is made f matter.
我们生活的世界是由物质组成的。
(2)在非限制性定语从句中，当关系词表示事物意义时，只能用which。
The sun heats the earth, which makes it pssible fr plants t grw.
太阳给予大地热量，这就使植物的生长成为可能。
5. 只能用wh而不能用that的情况：
(1)先行词是ne, nes, anyne, thse或被thse修饰，指人时，只用wh引导。
One wh des nt wrk hard will never succeed.
不努力工作的人永远不会成功。
(2)在There be...句型中，先行词为人时。
There is a cmrade utside wh wants t see yu.
外面有个同志要见你。
(3)在非限制性定语从句中，关系词指人时。
I met a friend f mine in the street, wh had just cme frm America.
我在街上遇见了一个刚从美国来的朋友。
【即学即练1】 用适当的关系代词填空
①The prfessr wh/that taught me chemistry in 1980 did the research.
②This is the by whse father died three years ag.
③The film that/which we saw the day befre yesterday is very interesting.
④They wrk in a factry which/that makes radi parts.
⑤This is the visin phne thrugh which we can see and talk t ur friends.
⑥Thse wh want t g t the cmputer rm write yur names here.
⑦Wh is the persn that is standing at the gate?
⑧He talked abut the teachers and schls that he had visited.
II.关系副词引导的定语从句
(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)But like all perfrmances, there are mments when things g wrng.
但就像所有的表演一样，也会有出错的时候。
This is the village where we wrked ten years ag.
这就是十年前我们工作过的那个村庄。
D yu knw the reasn why he is absent?
你知道他缺席的原因吗？
【名师点津】关系副词与关系代词的易混点：
若先行词为一些表示地点的抽象名词，如situatin, pint, stage, psitin, part, cnditin, case等，且关系词在从句中作状语，则常用关系副词where或“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句。如果关系词在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，则用关系代词that或which引导。
I have cme t the pint where/at which I can’t stand him.
我已经到了无法容忍他的地步。
He’s gt int the situatin where/in which he is in debt.
他已经陷入负债累累的境地。
At last he gt the psitin (that/which) he had been dreaming f.
他最终得到了他梦寐以求的那个职位。
【即学即练2】用适当的关系词填空
①This is the case where he’s had all his mney stlen.
②The treatment will cntinue until the patient reaches the pint where he can walk crrectly and safely.
③There are several research centres in China where a certain disease called bird flu is being studied.
④The time is nt far away when mdern cmmunicatins will becme widespread in China’s vast cuntryside.
⑤Can yu help me t think f a reasn that/which seems reasnable fr my being absent?
III.“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
Recently, I bught an ancient vase, the price f which was very high.
最近，我买了一个古代的花瓶，它的价格很高。
He has ten cusins, the yungest f whm is very clever.
他有十个表兄弟，最小的那个很聪明。
We are lking fr the persn t whm the bk belngs.
我们正在寻找这本书的主人。
There is a big windw in my rm, frm which I can see the railway statin.
我的房间里有一个大窗户，透过它我可以看到火车站。
Lily might pssibly cme, in which case I’ll ask her.
莉莉可能会来，要是那样的话我就去问她。
【名师点津】关系代词前介词选择三原则：
一看先行词，二看动词，三看意义。
(1)一看先行词，即根据定语从句中介词与先行词的搭配关系选择。
I never frget the day n which I came t this schl.
我永远忘不了我来这所学校的那一天。
(2)二看动词，即根据定语从句中谓语动词与介词的搭配关系选择。
This is the iPad n which I spent 3,000 yuan.
这就是我花了三千元买的苹果平板电脑。
(3)三看意义，即根据定语从句的意义来确定介词。
This is my pair f glasses withut which I cannt see clearly.
这就是我的那副眼镜，没有它我看不清楚。
【即学即练3】用适当的“介词＋关系代词”结构填空
①100℃ is the temperature at which water will bil.
②Wind pwer is an ancient surce f energy t which we may return in the near future.
③Great changes have taken place in the city in which she grew up.
④They have fur children, the daughter f whm is wrking in that big cmpany nw.
⑤Scientists have advanced many theries abut why human beings cry tears, nne f which has been prved.
⑥He wrte many children’s bks, nearly half f which were published in the 1990s.
IV. which与as引导非限制性定语从句的区别
His wrk is prgressing smthly, as we expected.
正如我们所预期的那样，他的工作正在顺利地进展。
He failed in the experiment, which was unexpected.
他试验失败了，这是没有料到的。
As we all knw, paper was first made in China.
正如大家所知，纸最早被中国发明。
【即学即练4】用适当的关系词填空
①He didn’t pass the exam, as we had expected.
②There is lts f air in lse snw, which can keep the cld ut.
③As is knwn t all, the earth is rund.
④“Yu can’t judge a bk by its cver,” as the ld saying ges.
二、单句语法填空：
1. The musicians were t play jkes n each ther as well as play music, mst f __________ was based lsely n the Beatles.
2. In tday’s cmpetitive ecnmy __________ everyne is trying t d mre with less, yu’ve gt t figure ut a way t prfit frm the very beginning.
3. Bill Gates, fr __________ mney isn’t a prblem, still lives a very simple life nw.
4. The reasn __________ he explained t us was that he hadn’t read it befre.
5. This is the pilt with __________ my brther has wrked fr ten years.
6. At that mment an attractive yung lady __________ nticed my bk came up t me.
7. Lng, lng ag, the King f the Skies had a lvely daughter, t __________ he made many careful plans fr her future.
8. She created a charity in memry f her grandmther, __________ passed away frm Alzheimer’s disease.
9. The valley including a museum claims t be the nly place __________ visitrs can safely bserve wild Asian elephants.
10. Accrding t a study published in the UK recently, thse __________ like jgging and d this kind f exercise regularly fr at least ne hur a week have very high chances t live a lnger life.
11. As the weather gets warmer and the air becmes drier, peple tend t feel their muths and tngues are dry, __________ can cause clds r cughs.
12. The Crescent Spring, __________ beauty attracts turists frm hme and abrad, has becme a rmantic paradise fr visitrs.
13. While it’s wnderful fr peple __________ want t see what these museums ffer and teach them, it’s nt always the best fr the museums facing increasing hardships in terms f Funding.
14. Tai Chi Chuan, __________ is famus as a kind f martial art, has been practiced China fr centuries.
15. The 2020 Summer Olympics, __________ were planned fr this summer in Tky, have been frmally put ff until 2021 because f COVID-19.
16. In Aug 2019, Liang wn the gld medal at the 45th Wrld Skills Cmpetitin in Electrnics in Kazan, Russia, __________ is the biggest vcatinal educatin and skills excellence event in the wrld, rganized every secnd year by the Wrld Skills Internatinal with an aim t shw the skills and prmte career f yuth.
17. Still, when yu start yur jurney f psitive thinking, yu shall meet wnderful new peple, with __________ yu can share psitive attitude.
18. There they met peple frm ther parts f the cuntry, __________ had als vlunteered t help.
19. It marked the successful cnclusin f China’s current three-step lunar explratin prgram f rbiting and landing, and bringing back samples, __________ began in 2004.
20. In tday’s wrld glbal __________ warming is a serius issue, the bicycle is a perfect way f reducing ur carbn ftprint.
21. The rising number f wild birds in the reserve has brught a benefit fr birdwatchers, even utside the reserve, __________ are able t spt riental strks (东方白鹤) and ther wild birds.
22. The University f Virginia researchers __________ ran the study fllwed 169 subjects aged 15 t 25 every year fr a decade.
23. Originally the leaves were baked int a brick, a part f __________ culd be brken ff and made int a pwder.
24. The sample, __________ includes 1,700 grams f lunar rcks and sil, is larger than previus nes.
25. Passengers nw can travel frm Beijing’s center t Xingan New Area within 50 minutes, thanks t the Beijing-Xing Intercity Railway, __________ was fficially put int use n Sunday, a significant step in bsting the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei city cluster.
26. While flying thrugh the wind, it prduced sund like the music prduced by guzheng, __________ is a traditinal Chinese musical instrument.
27. Learn hw t make use f eye cntact and ther bdy language flexibly s that yu are perceived t be plite, and s that yu can better cnnect with peple __________ are freign t yu!
28. The tables quickly turned fr an 89-year-ld pizza delivery driver __________ received a surprise delivery f his wn frm “regulars”.
29. It als helps lder passengers and thse __________ need help walking the last few steps t the barding gate. saved many peple’s lives in 2003.
30. Kataria als ffer bks and DVDs t peple __________ dn’t have access t a lcal Laughter Club.
31. The pem implies that Lu Xun wuld serve the peple heart and sul and wuld never give in t enemies, __________ fully expresses the pet’s lyalty t the peple.
32. His breakut vide, __________ his prcess f painting Qi tian Dasheng (Mnkey King) is shwn, has wn mre than 408,000 likes, making him ppular n the platfrm.
33. Nw as a Chinese internatinal, Wu is wrking hard t shw that “there are players in China __________ can shine in the best leagues in the wrld”, he tld Glbal Times.
34. The mst famus f these is the Great Red Spt, __________ is s big that Earth culd fit inside it.
35. As Gan’s fame grew, they began t sell fruit frm their family rchard, __________ sn fell shrt f demand.
36. Yung adults __________ have been expsed t lud nise ver a perid f time may have sme hearing lss symptms.
37. He became interested in tw theries __________ pssibly explained hw chlera killed peple.
38. Practising yga r Tai Chi can help t keep ur bdies supple, __________ in turn can lwer jint pain and help t prtect us frm injury.
39. The rad itself has already been cmpleted, and nw it’s nly a matter f cnnecting the grid (输电网), __________ is expected t be finished by the end f the year alngside the cmpletin f the Jinan Expressway’s suth sectin.
40. Granddaughter Gayle Parks, 31 --- __________ wrks alngside her in the family business —said it remained unknwn as t wh nminated Irene fr the award.
41. His mvie wn several awards at the film festival, __________ was beynd his wildest dream.
42. It was n the farm __________ we wrked that I gt t knw her. wanted t buy it.
43. Tday, we’ll discuss a number f cases __________ beginners f English fail t use the language prperly.
44. It is reprted that tw schls, bth f __________ are being built in my hmetwn, will pen next year.
45. Thse successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity __________ sight matters mre than hearing.
46. I find teaching fun and challenging, which is a jb __________ yu are ding smething serius but interesting
47. It’s helpful t put children in a situatin __________ they can see themselves differently.
48. __________ is mentined abve, the number f the students in senir high schl is increasing.
49. Many children, __________ parents are away wrking in big cities, are taken gd care f in the village.
50. I was brn in New Orleans, Luisiana, a city __________ name will create a picture f beautiful trees and green grass in ur mind.
【答案】
1. which 2. where 3. whm 4. that / which 5. whm 6. wh 7. whm 8. wh 9. where 10. wh 11. which 12. whse 13. wh / that 14. which 15. which 16. which 17. whm 18. wh 19. which 20. where 21. wh 22. wh / that 23. which 24. which 25. which 26. which 27. wh / that 28. wh / that 29. wh 30. wh 31. which 32. where 33. wh / that 34. which 35. which 36. wh / that 37. that / which 38. which 39. which 40. wh 41. which 42. where 43. where 44. which 45. where 46. where 47. where 48. As 49. whse 50. whse
三、高考真题回顾：
1. (2023·全国乙卷) But fr all its ancient buildings, Beijing is als a place __________ welcmes the fast-paced develpment f mdern
2. (2023·新课标全国III卷) Sme peple think that the great Chinese schlar Cnfucius, __________ lived frm rughly 551 t 479 B.C., influenced the develpment f chpsticks.
3. (2022·新高考全国I卷) The GPNP is intended t prvide strnger prtectin fr all the species __________ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly imprve the health f the ecsystem in the area.
4. (2022·全国甲卷) On the 1,100-kilmeter jurney, the man Ca Shengkang, __________ lst his eyesight at the age f eight in a car accident, crssed 40 cities and cunties in three prvinces.
5. (2021·新高考全国II卷) I decided that if I learned f a cmpany __________ used a lt f plastic, I’d send it an email urging it t cut back.
6. (2020·新高考全国I卷) The 80,000 bjects cllected by Sir Hans Slane, fr example, frmed the cre cllectin f the British Museum __________ pened in 1759.
7. (2020·全国I卷) Because the mn’s bdy blcks direct radi cmmunicatin with a prbe, China first had t put a satellite in rbit abve the mn in a spt __________ it culd send signals t the spacecraft and t Earth.
8. (2020·新高考全国II卷) The Digital Wrld is a set f vlumes __________ aim t describe hw digital systems influence sciety and help readers understand the nature f digital systems and their many interacting parts.
9. (2020·新高考全国III卷) In ancient China lived an artist __________ paintings were almst lifelike.
10. (2019·新课标II卷) Nw Irene Astbury wrks frm 9 a.m. t 5 p.m. daily at the pet shp in Macclesfield, __________ she pened with her late husband Les.
11. (2019·新课标III卷) They were well trained by their masters __________ had great experience with caring fr these animals.
12. (2019·浙江卷) On the edge f the jacket, there is a piece f clth __________ gives ff light in the dark.
13. (2019·江苏卷改编) We have entered int an age __________ dreams have the best chance f cming true.
14. (2019·天津卷改编) Their child is at the stage __________ she can say individual wrds but nt full sentences.
15. (2019·北京卷) The students benefiting mst frm cllege are thse __________ are ttally engaged (参与) in academic life.
16. (2018·全国卷Ⅰ) Tw f the authrs f the review als made a study published in 2014 __________ shwed a mere five t 10 minutes a day f running reduced the risk f heart disease and early deaths frm all causes.
【答案与解析】
1.【解析】考查定语从句。此空修饰前面表示地点的名词，并同时在从句中做主语，只能用关系代词。故填that / which。
2.【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。空前有逗号，说明是非限制性定语从句，先行词是Cnfucius孔子，定语从句缺少主语，且指人，故填wh。
3.【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子可知，空处应用限制性定语从句的关系词，指代先行词species，指物，并在从句中作主语，且先行词前有all修饰，故只能用关系代词that。故填that。
4.【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句。先行词是Ca Shengkang，关系词在非限制性定语从句中作主语，所以填wh。
5.【解析】考查定语从句。句意:我决定，如果我知道有哪家公司大量使用塑料，我就给它发邮件，敦促它减少使用塑料。分析句子结构可知，所填的词引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a cmpany，关系词在从句中做主语，所以用which或that。
6.【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，所填的词引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the British Museum，关系词在从句中做主语，所以用which或that。故填which / that。
7.【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句。先行词是表示地点的spt，关系词在非限制性定语从句中作状语，故填where。
8.【解析】考查定语从句。所填的词引导限制性定语从句，修饰前面的名词vlumes，指物，并在从句中作主语，故填that/which。
9.【解析】考查定语从句引导词。此处为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词artist,指人，且定语从句中缺少定语，故填whse。
10.【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，先行词为the pet shp，在非限制性定语从句中作pened的宾语，故用which。
11.【解析】考查定语从句。句意：它们被他们的主人训练地很好，它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。先行词为masters(主人)，且从句缺主语。故关系词填wh。
12.【解析】考查定语从句。此空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是clth，指物，且从句中缺少主语，因此用that或which引导。故填that/which。
13.【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们已经进入了一个时代，在这个时代梦想实现的机会最大。句中先行词为an age(一个时代)，且从句中缺少时间状语，所以关系词用when。
14.【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他们的孩子正处于能说单个单词而不能说完整句子的阶段。句中she can say individual wrds but nt full sentences是一个定语从句，先行词是the stage，定语从句中缺少地点状语，故用关系副词where。
15.【解析】考查定语从句。句意：从大学中获益最多的学生是那些完全投入学术生活的学生。此空引导定语从句，修饰先行词thse，空格处在句中作主语，代指人，故填wh。
16.【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。此处引导定语从句，a study是先行词，其在定语从句中作主语，故填that或which。
四、语篇语法填空：
(1)
As a famus prductive pet, Lu Yu frm the Sng Dynasty 1 (write) mre than 20,000 pems in his lifetime. The reasn 2 Lu Yu culd write s much petry was that he was talented, but mre 3 (imprtant), he als lived a lng life. Accrding t histrical recrds, he lived t be 85 years ld, the 4 (lng) living pet in the Sng Dynasty.
Hwever, Lu Yu was weak when he was a child. Lu Yu jined the military as 5 adviser in his middle age and started t exercise his bdy and learn martial arts. After training fr tw years, Lu Yu culd sht dwn a flying eagle 6 (use) a bw and arrw, and he even killed a tiger.
During his later years, Lu Yu started the bdy building 7 (call) chsh, r shuts, a lng and lud cry. Chsh was quite ppular in ancient 8 (time), which was nt raring r whistling, but a 9 (skill) health methd. When ancient peple did chsh, they pened their bdy, breathed in deep and then breathed ut in rhyme.
Chsh can relax yur bdy and put yu in a gd md. 10 Lu Yu, chsh helped him get rid f diseases and medicine.
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了宋朝的著名诗人陆游长寿的原因。
1. wrte 考查动词的时态。根据时间状语in his lifetime可知，空处应用一般过去时。故填wrte。
2. why 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是reasn，关系词在从句中作原因状语，应用why引导此定语从句。故填why。
3. imprtantly 考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处应用副词作状语，修饰整个句子。故填imprtantly。
4. lngest 考查形容词的最高级。根据空前的定冠词the可知，此处表示“寿命最长的诗人”，应用最高级。故填lngest。
5. an 考查冠词。此处表示泛指，意为“作为一名顾问”；adviser是可数名词，且其发音以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an。故填an。
6. using 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句子的谓语是“culd sht dwn”，故空处应用非谓语动词形式。由于use与主语Lu Yu之间为逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词形式作方式状语。故填using。
7. called 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句子谓语是started，故空处应用非谓语动词形式。call与被修饰词bdy building之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用其过去分词形式作后置定语。故填called。
8. times 考查名词的数。空处表示“时代”，应用time的复数形式。故填times。
9. skillful 考查形容词。空处修饰名词词组health methd，应用形容词形式作定语，表示“一种有技巧的保健方式”。故填skillful。
10. Fr 考查介词。此处指“对于陆游来说，长啸帮助他远离了疾病和药物”。空处表示“对于”，应用介词fr，且位于句首，单词首字母大写。故填Fr。
(2)
Du Fu: China’s Greatest Pet, a BBC ne-hur dcumentary, was launched n April 6 this year. It was the first time that Du’s life 1 (put) in a glbal cntext.
Fr the Chinese, Du, 2 style f petry is called realism, is mre than a pet; he has been the guardian f the mral f the natin. The BBC gave great 3 (recgnise) t the wrks f Du fr his unique 4 (way) t express his cncern fr his cuntry and peple.
T explre his life and discver what the pet means t China and the Chinese peple, the film crew had an 5 (extreme) tugh time tracking the ftsteps f the eighth-century pet.
6 Du’s pems were mstly written in plain and simple language, they are nt an easy watch fr many freigners. T help verseas audiences make sense f the pet’s great achievements in literature, Du is cmpared 7 Shakespeare in this dcumentary. Als, the prgram invited McKellen, 8 screen actr wh played Gandalf in The Lrd f the Rings mvies, 9 (read) 15 f Du’s pems that had been translated int English. With all these effrts 10 (make), freigners can better understand what makes Du’s wrks s special.
【解析】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了BBC推出的一部名为《杜甫：中国最伟大的诗人》的纪录片，并对杜甫作了简单介绍。
1. 考查动词时态和语态，句意：这是杜的生活第一次被置于全球背景下。空处为谓语动词，It was the first time that...“这是某人第一次做某事”，固定句型，从句谓语动词应使用过去完成时，主语Du’s life与put之间为被动关系，所以应用过完成时的被动语态。故填had been put。
2. 考查定语从句。句意：对中国人来说，杜的诗歌风格被称为现实主义，他不仅仅是一个诗人；他一直是民族道德的守护者。此处为定语从句，先行词为Du，从句缺少定语，应用关系代词whse，修饰style f petry。故填whse。
3. 考查名词。句意：英国广播公司对杜的作品给予了高度的认可，因为他以独特的方式表达了对国家和人民的关注。由句意及空前的The BBC gave great可知应填名词形式，作宾语。故填recgnitin。
4. 考查名词复数。句意：英国广播公司对杜的作品给予了高度的认可，因为他以独特的方式表达了对国家和人民的关注。由句意及空前的fr his unique可知应填名词复数形式ways，作宾语。故填ways。
5. 考查副词。句意：为了探索他的生活，发现这位诗人对中国和中国人民意味着什么，摄制组花了非常艰难的时间来追踪这位8世纪诗人的足迹。由句意及空后的形容词tugh可知应填副词形式，作状语，修饰tugh。故填extremely。
6. 考查让步状语从句。句意：虽然杜的诗大多是用朴素的语言写的，但对许多外国人来说，这些诗并不容易看懂。此处为让步状语从句，从句位于句首，应用引导词thugh/althugh /while，且首字母大写。故填Althugh/Thugh/While。
7. 考查介词。句意：为了帮助海外观众理解这位诗人在文学上的伟大成就，在这部纪录片中将杜与莎士比亚进行了比较。be cmpared with/t“与……进行比较”，固定搭配。故填with/t。
8. 考查冠词。句意：此外，该节目还邀请了曾在《指环王》系列电影中饰演甘道夫的演员麦克莱恩朗读了杜诗的15首英译诗。由句意此处表示“一位银幕演员”，应用不定冠词，表示泛指。故填a。
9. 考查不定式。句意：此外，该节目还邀请了曾在《指环王》系列电影中饰演甘道夫的演员麦克莱恩朗读了杜诗的15首英译诗。invite sb t d...“邀请某人做某事”，不定式作宾语补足语。故填t read。
10. 考查过去分词。句意：通过这些努力，外国人可以更好地理解杜的作品如此特别的原因。空处应填非谓语动词，effrts与make之间为被动关系，应用过去分词表示被动，构成with复合结构。故填made。
阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
(3)
The animated film Chang An has becme a surprise hit, earning 1 impressive 600 millin yuan at the bx ffice f the Chinese mainland within just ten days f its release. It has appealed t audiences f all ages, wh 2 (passinate)recite petry alngside the characters n screen, taking them n a fantastic jurney. This film nt nly identifies with the Chinese peple but als allws the wrld 3 (explre) the rich traditin f Tang petry and the “Chinese Petry Universe.”
The stry centers arund the deep friendship between pet Ga Shi and the rmantic pet Li Bai ffering a brief lk int the glrius histry f the Tang era, 4 is knwn fr its ecnmic prsperity and cultural advancement. The 48 Tang pems 5 (feature) in the mvie present a view f the mst excellent pets f that time as well as their plitical ambitins and ideals. These pems transprt audiences 6 deserts t mist-filled regins alng the Yangtze River.
Chang An is undubtedly a masterpiece that shws the unique 7 (characteristic) f Chinese culture t the wrld. In China, pets and their pems 8 (cnsider)natinal treasures. These pems describe nt nly the histrical changes f a dynasty, but als 9 (peple) understanding f the wrld. The film has raised the audiences’ 10 (aware) and enhanced their lve and belief in Chinese culture.
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一部名为《长安》的动画电影，该电影在中国大陆上映仅十天就取得了6亿元的票房成绩，吸引了各个年龄段的观众。
1. 考查冠词。句意：动画电影《长安》出人意料地大受欢迎，上映仅十天就在中国大陆获得了令人印象深刻的6亿元票房。分析句子结构，因空白处后面有名词，根据冠词的用法，名词前需使用不定冠词，表示“一个”含义，因空白处后面词的第一个发音音素为元音，故填an。
2. 考查副词。句意：它吸引了各个年龄段的观众，他们热情地朗诵诗歌与屏幕上的角色一起，带他们踏上一段奇妙的旅程。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中修饰谓语动词recite作状语，使用副词，故填passinately。
3. 考查非谓语动词。句意：这部电影不仅认同了中国人，也让世界探索了唐诗的丰富传统和“中国诗歌宇宙”。分析句子结构，allw sb t d为固定短语，含义为“使得……得以做某事”，符合句意，故填t explre。
4. 考查定语从句。句意：故事围绕诗人高适和浪漫主义诗人李白之间的深厚友谊展开，简要回顾了唐代以经济繁荣和文化进步而闻名的辉煌历史。分析句子结构，这是一个包含定语从句的复合句，先行词为：Tang era，因关系词指代先行词在定语从句中作主语，指物，使用关系代词which引导定语从句，故填which。
5. 考查非谓语动词。句意：影片中的48首唐诗展现了当时最优秀的诗人以及他们的政治抱负和理想。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作定语，使用非谓语动词，因与其逻辑主语Tang pems之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，使用过去分词，故填featured。
6. 考查介词。句意：这些诗歌将观众从沙漠带到长江沿岸薄雾弥漫的地区。分析句子结构，transprt sth frm…t…为固定短语，含义为“把某物从……带到……”，符合句意，故填frm。
7. 考查名词。句意：《长安》无疑是一部向世界展示中国文化独特特色的力作。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作宾语，使用名词，因此处表示的是数目不确定的名词，使用复数形式，故填characteristics。
8. 考查时态和语态。句意：在中国，诗人及其诗歌被视为国宝。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作谓语，因与主语之间为被动关系，使用被动语态，又因句子表示的是一个客观情况，谓语动词使用一般现在时的被动语态，故填are cnsidered。
9. 考查名词所有格。句意：这些诗不仅描述了一个朝代的历史变迁，也描述了人们对世界的理解。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作定语，使用名词所有格，故填peple’s。
10. 考查名词。句意：这部电影提高了观众的意识，增强了他们对中国文化的热爱和信仰。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作宾语，使用名词，aware为形容词，其名词为：awareness，故填awareness。
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
(4)
Percy Shelley, an English pet, was brn n August 4th, 1792. He is 1 (wide) knwn as ne f the mst imprtant 2 (figure) f the Rmantic Mvement in English literature. Shelley received early educatin at hme and later and 3 (admit) t Etn Cllege at the age f 12, which has a lng histry f mre than 500 years, 4 (date) back t the 15th century. Then he attended Oxfrd University shrtly after he turned 18.
As 5 rmantic pet, sme f his pems, like Ode t the West Wind and Ode t A Skylark, are amng the mst famus pems in English. 6 , in his wn time, Shelley was very unppular fr his plitical and 7 (religin) views. Frtunately, he successively (先后地，连续地) met Byrn and Keats and befriended with them during his tur arund Eurpe after he married Mary Gdwin, his secnd wife, 8 later became famus as Mary Shelley, the authr f the nvel Frankenstein.
Abut a mnth befre his 30th birthday, Shelley went t Leghrn 9 (welcme) his friend Leigh Hunt. During the strmy return vyage, his small bat sank and he drwned. It was his bdy 10 wasn’t washed ashre until days later .
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是英国诗人珀西·雪莱的生平。
1. 考查副词。句意：他被公认为英国文学浪漫主义运动的重要人物之一。空格处用副词修饰形容词knwn，wide的副词为widely，意为“广泛地”，故填widely。
2. 考查名词的复数。句意：他被公认为英国文学浪漫主义运动的重要人物之一。ne f后跟名词的复数，即figures，故填figures。
3. 考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：雪莱在家中接受了早期教育，12岁时考入伊顿公学。伊顿公学已有500多年的历史，可以追溯到15世纪。Etn Cllege是伊顿公学，是大学，“被大学录取”为固定短语be admitted t，主语Shelley是单数，由at the age f 12可知，时态用一般过去时，因此空格处为一般过去时的被动语态was admitted。故填was admitted。
4. 考查现在分词。句意：雪莱在家中接受了早期教育，12岁时考入伊顿公学。伊顿公学已有500多年的历史，可以追溯到15世纪。句中谓语为received early educatin at hme and later and 3 (admit) t Etn Cllege at the age f 12，空格处用非谓语形式，date的逻辑主语Etn Cllege与date之间为主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词表主动，作后置定语， 故填dating。
5. 考查不定冠词。句意：作为一个浪漫主义诗人，他的一些诗，如《西风颂》和《云雀颂》，是最著名的英文诗。pet是可数名词，此处表泛指，前面需加不定冠词，rmantic为辅音音素开头，因此不定冠词用a，故填a。
6. 考查连词。句意：然而，在他自己的时代，雪莱的政治和宗教观点非常不受欢迎。根据前面的the mst famus pems和was very unppular可知，前后两句为转折关系，因此空格处用表示转折的连词hwever，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Hwever。
7. 考查形容词。句意：然而，在他自己的时代，雪莱的政治和宗教观点非常不受欢迎。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词views，religin的形容词为religius， 意为“宗教的”， 故填religius。
8. 考查定语从句的引导词。句意：幸运的是，他在与第二任妻子玛丽·戈德温(后来以小说《弗兰肯斯坦》的作者玛丽·雪莱而闻名)周游欧洲后，接连遇到了拜伦和济慈，并与他们成为朋友。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词Mary Gdwin, his secnd wife指人，因此空格处用关系代词wh，故填wh。
9. 考查不定式。句意：大约在他30岁生日的前一个月，雪莱去里窝那欢迎他的朋友利·亨特。由Shelley went t Leghrn 9 (welcme) his friend Leigh Hunt可知，空格处用不定式表目的，故填t welcme。
10. 考查强调句。句意：他的尸体几天后才被冲上岸。根据It was和句意可知，句子为强调句，其结构为it is/was+被强调的部分+wh/that+其他部分，句中被强调的部分his bdy，是物，因此空格处用that，故填that。
(5)
At the back f King’s Cllege there is a memrial stne in white marble t hnur the Chinese pet Xu Zhim. 1 (mve) t the UK in 1921, Zhim spent a year studying at King’s where he 2 (fall) in lve nt nly with the rmantic petry f English pets like Jhn Keats, but als with Cambridge 3 (it).
His pem, Secnd Farewell t Cambridge, 4 is cnsidered t be his mst famus ne, is nw a cmpulsry text n Chinese literature, 5 (learn) by millins f schl children acrss ur cuntry every year. The pem 6 (vivid) paints a prtrait f King’s and the River Cam, and serves 7 a reminder f Xu Zhim’s fndness fr his time in Cambridge.
While the pem had been set t music many times befre, the English cmpser Jhn Rutter, ne f the mainstream classical 8 (musician), was invited by King’s Cllege t make the first musical setting f the text. The new piece, written and recrded in 9 (celebrate) f the near 100­year link between King’s Cllege 10 Xu Zhim, has been released n a new album n the King’s Cllege Recrd Label.
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要为剑桥国王学院官网上关于《再别康桥》专辑的介绍。
1. Mving 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本句的谓语为spent，而且没有连词，且主语Zhim与mve 之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，应用现在分词。故填Mving。
2. fell 考查动词的时态。根据前面的spent 可知，此处要用一般过去时。故填fell。
3. itself 考查代词。根据语境可知，徐志摩不仅爱上了浪漫诗歌，而且还爱上了剑桥本身，应用反身代词。故填itself。
4. which 考查定语从句。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，所以用关系代词，先行词为his pem，指物，应用which来引导该从句。故填which。
5. learnt 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处应用非谓语动词形式，且“诗歌”与“学习”是逻辑上的被动关系，所以用过去分词。故填learnt。
6. vividly 考查副词。此处修饰动词paints，应用副词形式。故填vividly。
7. as 考查介词。serve as“当作，作为”，为固定短语。故填as。
8. musicians 考查名词的数。ne f 后用名词复数形式。故填musicians。
9. celebratin 考查名词。in celebratin f“为了纪念……”，为固定短语。故填celebratin。
10. and 考查连词。“在……和……之间”，为固定搭配。故填and。成分
代替人
代替物
主语
wh/that
that/which
宾语
whm/wh/that
(可省略)
that/which
(可省略)
定语
whse/f whm
whse/f which
关系副词
先行词
句法功能
when
时间
时间状语
where
地点
地点状语
why
原因
原因状语
构成
用法
名词/代词＋介词＋关系代词
可转化为“whse＋名词”结构
数词/形容词的最高级＋f＋关系代词
数词还可以被sme, many, mst, each等不定代词替换
介词(短语)＋关系代词
关系代词只能用which或whm且不能省略，但可与关系副词互换
介词＋关系代词＋名词
关系代词常用which 和whse
which
as
先行词
先行词可以是一个名词，也可以是一个句子
先行词只能是句子
位置
只能放在先行词的后面
位置灵活，可置于句首、句中、也可置于句末
搭配
无动词的限制
谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词，如see, hear, knw, expect, remember等
词意
表示“这一点；这件事”
表示“正如……；正像……那样”