10 选择性必修四 Unit 1语法：语法精讲精练--被动语态复习（原卷版+解析版）2023-2024学年高二英语下学期期末复习高效突破（人教版2019）

这是一份10 选择性必修四 Unit 1语法：语法精讲精练--被动语态复习（原卷版+解析版）2023-2024学年高二英语下学期期末复习高效突破（人教版2019），文件包含10选择性必修四Unit1语法语法精讲精练--被动语态复习原卷版2023-2024学年高二英语下学期期末复习高效突破人教版2019docx、10选择性必修四Unit1语法语法精讲精练--被动语态复习解析版2023-2024学年高二英语下学期期末复习高效突破人教版2019docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共24页， 欢迎下载使用。
一、被动语态语法图解
I.被动语态常用于以下两种情况：
1. 不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者。
Rice is grwn in the suth f China.
中国南方种植水稻。
2. 强调动作的承受者。
The tree was brken by that by.
这棵树是那个男孩弄断的。
II.将主动语态变为被动语态应注意的四种情况
1. 含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时，有两种方法：
(1)间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语不变；
(2)直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语用介词t或fr引导。
He tld us a stry.
他给我们讲故事。
→We were tld a stry by him.
我们听(他讲)故事。
→A stry was tld t us by him.
故事由他给我们讲。
2. 动词短语视为一个整体，其后的介词或副词不能省略。
She will take gd care f the children.
她将会好好照顾孩子们。
→The children will be taken gd care f by her.
孩子们将由她来好好照顾。
3. 复合句通常将宾语变为被动句的主语，而宾语补足语就成为主语补足语。注意：省略t的不定式作宾语补足语时，不定式符号t必须补上。
Smene saw him swim in the lake yesterday.
昨天有人看见他在湖里游泳。
→He was seen t swim in the lake yesterday.
昨天他被看见在湖里游泳。
4. 特殊疑问句转换成被动句时要注意词序：一般用“By＋疑问词”开头。
Wh has brken the cup?
谁打碎了杯子？
→By whm has the cup been brken?
杯子被谁打碎了？
【即学即练1】
完成句子
①My English name is Walter. It __________________________________ when I was at the university.
我的英文名是沃尔特，是我上大学时我的英语教授给取的。
②Her mney _______________________ and her patience is als running ut.
她的钱已经用完了，她的耐心也要耗尽了。
③ _______________________ by the mving mvie.
我被这部感人的电影弄哭了。
III. 被动语态和过去分词作表语的差别
1. 意义差别：被动语态强调动作；过去分词作表语描写人或事物的特征及状态。
The windw is brken by him.
窗子被他打破了。
The windw is brken.
窗子破了。
2. 用法差别：过去分词作表语时接近形容词的特征，可以被s, very, t等程度副词修饰；而被动语态则不能用s, very, t等修饰，需用much, very much, s much, t much等修饰。
He was very interested in science.
他对科学有极大的兴趣。(系表结构)
I was s much surprised at the scene that I didn’t knw what t d.
我被那种场面搞得大吃一惊, 不知所措。(被动语态)
【即学即练2】
判断下列句子是被动语态还是系表结构
①I was pleased t hear yu’ve been prmted._______________
②He was pleased by his teacher’s praise._______________
③I was quite surprised with the significance f the findings._______________
④Everyne was surprised by the speed with which the dispute was settled.________________
IV.常见主动表被动的情况
1. 有些动词(cut, sell, read, write, fill, ck, lck, wash, drive, keep等)常用主动形式表被动。
This pen writes smthly.
这支钢笔写起来很流畅。
This car sells well.
这车很畅销。
2. 在某些形容词(hard, difficult, easy, heavy, fit, gd, cmfrtable, cnvenient, impssible, cnvenient, cheap, expensive等)后的不定式用主动形式表被动。
English is easy t learn.
英语很容易学。
The bx is heavy t carry.
这箱子重得搬不动。
3. 在“半系动词＋形容词”结构中，如lk, smell, taste, sund, feel, prve, turn ut等，常用主动形式表被动。
The fd in this restaurant tastes gd.
这家餐馆的饭菜味道很好。
The news turned ut (t be) true.
这消息原来是真的。
4. need, want, require, deserve, be wrth后面接动词­ing形式时，主动表被动。
The nvel is wrth reading.
这本小说值得一读。
The ld huse requires repairing.
这所旧房子需要修理。
【即学即练3】
单句语法填空
①This kind f knife ________ (cut) well.
②Yur writing is really difficult ________ (read).
③They are all masterpieces wrth ________ (read).
V.有些及物动词或短语不用于被动语态
如：fit, have, wish, cst, ntice, watch, agree with, arrive at/in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer frm, happen t, take part in, belng t, date frm/back t等。
D yu agree with the deal?
你同意这个交易吗？
It is true that we may suffer frm failure frm time t time. Hwever, it is imprtant that we never lse the enthusiasm t keep n trying.
的确，我们有时会遭受失败。然而，重要的是我们永远不要失去继续努力的热情。
【即学即练4】
完成句子
①Dad tld me that ________________.
爸爸告诉我那是我的。
②The traditin f drinking tea ________________________________.
在中国，喝茶的传统能追溯到公元前3000年。
二、单句语法填空：
1. The little hme __________ (paint) white. It was sweet and fresh.
2. It is calculated by dividing a persn’s weight in kg by their height in metres squared, and a BMI f between 19 and 25 __________ (cnsider) healthy.
3. Peple tend t fcus n the first factr. Hwever, greater attentin shuld __________ (place) n lngevity (长寿).
4. The artist was sure he wuld __________ (chse), but when he presented his masterpiece t the emperr’s chief minister, the ld man laughed.
5. On the last day f ur week­lng stay, we __________ (invite) t attend a private cncert n a beautiful farm n the Nrth Shre under the stars.
6. It __________ (build) riginally t prtect the city in the Tang dynasty and has nw been cmpletely restred (修复).
7. It desn’t impress like Gerge Washingtn’s plantatin n the Ptmac, but Lincln’s hme in dwntwn Springfield, Illinis, __________ (prve) irresistible t visitrs since it pened t the public.
8. Many a way __________ (use) t prevent the pllutin, but the sky is still nt clear.
9. They are nvels, plays and pems that __________ (write) a lng time ag and were s well written that peple still read them nwadays.
10. I have been infrmed that the exhibitin __________ (hld) next week.
11. They are ging __________ (send) t wrk in Tibet fr tw years.
12. —D yu have any prblems if yu __________ (ffer) this jb?
—Well, I’m thinking abut the salary.
13. Thugh we dn’t knw what is being discussed, yet we can feel the tpic __________ (change).
14. Much prgress __________ (make) in China with the help f the peple’s hard wrk.
15. Nwadays, mre new technlgies __________ (apply) in the field f IT.
16. The shp assistant was dismissed as she __________ (accuse) f cheating custmers.
17. Yu are nt allwed t g int the meeting rm. A secret plan __________ (discuss) there.
18. The surface f this table feels s smth. I think it is well wrth __________ (buy).
19. The manager was happy t learn that fur­fifths f the tickets __________ (bk).
20. Having a trip abrad is certainly gd fr the students, but it remains __________ (see) whether they will enjy it.
21. Many a student __________ (send) t plant trees s far.
22. If yu are caught smking in this area, yu __________ (fine) by the plice.
23. What will yu d if yu __________ (bite) by msquites at this very mment?
24. In recent years, stress __________ (regard) as a cause f a whle range f medical prblems, frm high bld pressure t mental illness.
25. Steam engines __________ (use) t pull the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant fr the passengers, with all the smke and nise.
26. Single-use plastic bags are used at mst a few times befre they __________ (thrw) away.
27. Up t 30 percent f fd lss was fund during farmers’ strage in sme areas in Africa, and 21 percent f fd in the United States __________ (waste) during daily cnsumptin, Wu tld Ecnmic Daily.
28. When I finally stepped ut f the trees, the view was breathtaking. An eagle flew ver the snw-capped muntains, which __________ (reflect) in the still lake belw.
29. The taray Spring Summer 2020 __________ (shw) fr the first time n the wrld stage f New Yrk Fashin Week where traditin met mdernity.
30. Humans are explrers since the dawn f civilizatin. We __________ (attract) ver the hrizn t find fd r mre space, r just t see what beynd thse trees r muntains r ceans.
31. Gabriela wrked fr a multinatinal cmpany as a successful prject manager in Brazil and __________ (chse) t manage a team in Sweden.
32. Animals __________ (kill) fr their fur and feathers, especially in the past few decades simply because they were in the way.
33. Sme experts, wh shw disapprval f the prject, argue that there culd be damage t the sea life and that the marine ecsystem may __________ (replace) by dry land.
34. In the traditinal Chinese Lunar Year, each year________(give) a name f 12 kinds f animals.
35. The city __________ (recgnize) as the musical capital f Eurpe since the 16th century, hme t the likes f Mzart and Beethven.
36. At present, a lt f new equipment __________ (develp) by this cmpany t meet new needs.
37. It is nt the first time that immense amunts f state-f-art teaching equipment __________ (deliver) t the pverty-stricken regins.
38. Zhangjiajie __________ (award) the title f “Wrld Gelgical Park” in 2014.
39. She was caught drunk-driving last year, and therefre she __________ frm driving fr 5 years. (ban)
40. In recent years, great effrts t reduce air pllutin __________ (make), but there are still many things we can d.
41. “On windy days, we had t hld dwn the paper n the desk, which wuld therwise __________ (blw) away,” he said.
42. Traditinal Chinese medicine (TCM) is a health care system in which patients __________ (treat) with natural plant, animal, and mineral remedies (药物).
43. The students wrked hard n their lessns and finally their effrts __________ (reward) with success.
44. By the 11th century, cmpasses __________ (use) by Chinese t navigate their ships at sea.
45. Why did yu thrw the bttle ut f the windw? Smebdy culd __________ (hurt).
46. We are prud that sme students f ur schl __________ (invlve) with the making f the amazing vide.
47. Many talented writers __________ (hnur) at the special ceremny held last week.
48. It __________ (reprt) that sme ther wild animals are kept and studied at the research center.
49. The carnival held in ur schl last week __________ (spnsr) by several famus graduates.
50. We all feel it is Jack as well as his wife that is __________ (blame) fr their sn’s bad perfrmance at schl.
三、高考真题回顾：
1. (2023·全国甲卷) Carsn prves that a simple lyric frm that has been passed dwn thrugh the ages can still ____________ (emply) tday t draw attentin t imprtant truths.
2. (2022·全国乙卷) Having visited several times ver the last 10 years, I ____________ (amaze) by the c-existence f ld and new, and hw a city was able t keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while cnstantly grwing.
3. (2022·全国卷I) The GPNP ____________ (design) t reflect the guiding principle f “prtecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性) f natural ecsystems ...
4. (2021·全国甲卷) It ____________ (build) riginally t prtect the city in the Tang dynasty and has nw been cmpletely restred (修复).
5. (2020·全国I卷) The parts f a museum pen t the public ____________ (call) galleries r rms.
6. (2019·天津卷) Amy, as well as her brthers, ____________ (give) a warm welcme when returning t the village last week.
7. (2018·浙江卷) I still remember visiting a friend wh’d lived here fr five years and I ____________ (shck) when I learnt she hadn’t cked nce in all that time.
8. (2017·全国I) When fat and salt ____________ (remve) frm fd, the fd tastes as if it is missing smething.
四、语篇语法填空：
(1)
In much f Asia, especially the s­called “rice bwl” cultures f China, Japan, Krea, and Vietnam, fd 1 (eat) with chpsticks.
Chpsticks are usually tw lng, thin pieces f wd r bamb. They can als be made f plastic, animal bne r metal. Smetimes chpsticks are quite artistic. Truly elegant chpsticks might 2 (make) f gld and silver with Chinese characters. Skilled wrkers als cmbine (组合) varius hardwds and metal 3 (create) special designs.
The Chinese have used chpsticks fr 5,000 years. Peple prbably cked their fd in large pts, 4 (use) twigs (树枝) t remve it. Over time, 5 the ppulatin grew, peple began cutting fd int small pieces s it wuld ck mre quickly. Fd in small pieces culd be eaten easily with twigs which 6 (gradual) turned int chpsticks.
Sme peple think that the great Chinese schlar Cnfucius, 7 lived frm rughly 551—479 BCE, influenced the 8 (develp) f chpsticks. Cnfucius believed knives wuld remind peple f killings and 9 (be) t vilent t use at the table.
Chpsticks are nt used everywhere in Asia. In India, fr example, mst peple traditinally eat 10 their hands.
(2)
COVID­19 has killed nearly 18,000 peple in Italy and nearly 90,000 peple wrldwide. 1 (surprise), the 103­year­ld wman frm Italy, Ada Zanuss, has survived COVID­19. She lived thrugh the pandemic f 1918 2 (kill) 50 millin peple wrldwide.
“I’m well; I’m well,” Zanuss said. She spke with the reprters ver vide frm a hme 3 lder peple in the Nrthern Italian twn f Lessna live. “I watch TV and read newspapers,” she added. When 4 (ask) abut her fight against COVID­19, Zanuss simply said, “I had sme fever.” COVID­19 can cause minr (轻微) r mderate (中度) 5 (sick). Mst f thse wh are infected recver. But thse with existing health prblems and lder peple like Zanuss are 6 higher risk f mre serius illness r even death.
Carla Furn Marchese 7 (be) Zanuss’s family dctr fr 35 years. She said Zanuss was sick fr ne week. “We thught she wasn’t ging t make it because she was always 8 (sleep) and nt reacting,” Furn Marchese said. “One day she pened her eyes again and 9 (cntinue) ding what she used t d befre,” the dctr added. What helped her get thrugh 10 illness? “Curage, strength and faith,” Zanuss said.
(3)
The winners f the 2023 Hug Awards, the wrld’s tp prizes fr science fictin literature, 1 (annunce) n Saturday night, with Chinese authr Hai Ya 2 (take) hme the Best Nvelette award fr “The Space-Time Painter.” He became the third Chinese writer t win a Hug award 3 Liu Cixin in 2015 and Ha Jingfang in 2016.
Hai Ya fund much 4 (inspire) frm a painting masterpiece, Qianli Jiangshan Tu, r A Panrama f Rivers and Muntains, by Wang Ximeng frm the Sng Dynasty (960-1279). Hai Ya has wven the stry f Wang’s life int a thriller that 5 (cmbine) the elements f traditinal Chinese culture and histry with sci-fi and detective genres.
6 (mdel) n the life f Wang, Hai Ya has created the character f painting prdigy (奇才) Zha Ximeng, wh painted fr 7 emperr mre than 1,000 years ag. After much misery and suffering, the painter’s mind abandns his physical bdy and enters a space where a mdern plice fficer 8 (lk) int a case abut an ancient painting at the time. The stry reveals the plitical changes f the perid 9 the painting was created.
The Hug Awards, first presented in 1953 and presented 10 (annual) since 1955, are science fictin’s mst prestigius awards. The Hug Awards are vted n by members f the Wrld Science Fictin Cnventin, which is als respnsible fr administering them.
(4)
Head f this year’s Lndn Bk Fair in March, media reprted a rise in interest in translated wrks amng British readers. Fr translatr Anna Hlmwd, this signals the 1 (arrive) f a new era.
“This is a big mment fr Chinese fictin abrad,” says Hlmwd, 2 has translated Chinese literature fr almst a decade.
Her translatin wrk, Legends f the Cndr Heres, a fantasy nvel written by Jin Yng, and Liu Cixin’s science-fictin bk, The Three Bdy Prblem, are shwn in a Nielsen reprt 3 examples f tw f the mst ppular Chinese fictin wrks in Britain in 2018.
“Languages in grwing demand include Chinese and Arabic.” accrding t the Nielsen reprt. It fund that, against the cmmnly 4 (see) “nt mre than 3 percent rule” f translated literature’s presence in the English-language bk markets, the number fr 2018 was 5.63 percent in Britain 5 the ttal annual sales was wrth $27.1 millin.
Charltte Cllins, translatr and c-chair f the British Translatrs Assciatin, says: “As we can see, this prprtin (比率) 6 (duble) in recent years. This is 7 (true) exciting news.”
The Guardian qutes (引用) Fiammetta Rcc, administratr f the Man Bker Internatinal Prize, “ 8 (read) fictin is ne f the 9 (gd) ways f putting urselves in ther peple’s shes. The rise in sales f translated fictin 10 (shw) hw hungry British readers are fr terrific writing frm ther cuntries.”
(5)
In the Spring Festival hliday, The Wandering Earth II, a science-fictin mvie that includes sme rather new cncepts such as nuclear fusin (核聚变) technlgy and the sun’s life cycle, had a rcket-fueled bx ffice f 2.3 billin yuan within seven days f being put n the big screen. The figure has reached 3.65 billin yuan, 1 (make) it the 10th biggest earner in Chinese bx-ffice histry.
The film 2 (aruse) ht debate amng scientists and science-fictin writers since it came ut. La Zi, editr-in-chief f Science Fictin Wrld, a 43-year-ld magazine, says, “Only when peple are familiar 3 astrnautic technlgies will science fictin gain 4 (ppular).”
5 (cmpare) t past wrks, bth episdes f The Wandering Earth include quite a few imagined technlgies that need basic scientific knwledge t understand. In the latest ne, There is a “space elevatr” that enables astrnauts t cmplete their trips t space by taking an elevatr instead f a rcket. On varius platfrms, there are discussins abut 6 such an elevatr is pssible. Fr Zhu, such discussins themselves mean the public has a taste fr science.
La Zi pints ut, t, that while pp science is 7 (main) abut existing technlgies, science fictin is abut nes that cannt be realized in the near future. “The farther away it is frm tday, the 8 (wild) the writer’s imaginatin can be,” he says.
China is ne f the leading cuntries fr scientific research and 9 (technlgy) develpment, 10 inspires mre and mre yung peple in China in the future.