11 选择性必修四 Unit 2语法：语法精讲精练--过去分词复习（原卷版+解析版）2023-2024学年高二英语下学期期末复习高效突破（人教版2019）

这是一份11 选择性必修四 Unit 2语法：语法精讲精练--过去分词复习（原卷版+解析版）2023-2024学年高二英语下学期期末复习高效突破（人教版2019），文件包含11选择性必修四Unit2语法语法精讲精练--过去分词复习原卷版2023-2024学年高二英语下学期期末复习高效突破人教版2019docx、11选择性必修四Unit2语法语法精讲精练--过去分词复习解析版2023-2024学年高二英语下学期期末复习高效突破人教版2019docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共23页， 欢迎下载使用。
一、过去分词概述
过去分词是非谓语动词的一种。过去分词保留着动词的部分特性，有完成或被动含义，可带状语构成过去分词短语。在句法功能上，过去分词(短语)与形容词或副词作用类似，在句子中可充当定语、状语、宾语补足语、表语等成分。
I. 过去分词的构成和意义
1. 过去分词的构成
过去分词通常由“动词原形＋ed”构成。部分动词的过去分词有特殊形式变化。注意：过去分词无时态和语态的变化。
2. 过去分词的意义
及物动词的过去分词既表示被动，又表示完成；不及物动词的过去分词只表示完成，不表示被动。
The bks, written by Lu Xun, are ppular with many Chinese peple.
鲁迅写的这些书，受到了许多中国人的喜爱。(表示被动和完成)
She is sweeping up the fallen leaves n the grund.
她正在扫地上的落叶。 (只表示完成)
II. 过去分词的句法功能
1. 过去分词(短语)作定语
及物动词的过去分词作定语往往表示被动和完成；不及物动词的过去分词作定语不表示被动，只表示完成。
(1)表示被动和完成
a plluted river 一条被污染的河流
the watered flwers 浇过水的花
(2)只表示完成，不表示被动
fallen leaves 落叶
the risen sun 升起的太阳
【名师点津】过去分词作定语
单个的过去分词作定语时，通常放在所修饰词的前面；过去分词短语作定语时，通常放在所修饰词的后面，其作用相当于一个定语从句。
A watched pt never bils.
[谚语]心急锅不开。
The student dressed in white is my daughter.
＝The student wh is dressed in white is my daughter.
穿白色衣服的那个学生是我女儿。
【即学即练1】单句语法填空
①Sme f the peple __________ (invite) t the party can’t cme.
②The trees __________ (blw) dwn in the strm have been mved ff the rad.
③The plice will cme sn t take away the __________ (damage) car.
2. 过去分词(短语)作状语
表示被动或完成的动作，可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。
(1)作时间状语
过去分词作时间状语时，相当于一个由when, while, after, nce等引导的时间状语从句。
Once published (＝Once it is published), the dictinary will be very ppular.
一旦出版，这部词典将大受欢迎。
(2)作原因状语
过去分词作原因状语时，相当于一个由as, since, because等引导的原因状语从句。
Absrbed in painting(＝Because he was absrbed in painting), Jhn didn't ntice evening appraching.
由于专心画画，约翰没有注意到夜幕正在降临。
(3)作条件状语
过去分词作条件状语时，相当于一个由if, unless等引导的条件状语从句。
Given anther hur (＝If I am given anther hur), I can als wrk ut this prblem.
如果再给我一个小时，我也能把这道题算出来。
(4)作让步状语
过去分词作让步状语时，相当于一个由thugh, althugh, even if/thugh等引导的让步状语从句。
Beaten by the ppsite team (＝Thugh we were beaten by the ppsite team), we didn’t lse heart and encuraged each ther.
虽然被对方的队打败了，但我们并没有灰心，而是相互鼓励。
(5)作方式或伴随状语
过去分词作方式或伴随状语时，可以转换成一个并列句。
The ld man gt n the bus, supprted by a girl (＝and he was supprted by a girl).
在一个女孩的搀扶下，老人上了公共汽车。
【名师点津】过去分词作状语的注意事项
(1)过去分词作状语时，其前面可以带有相应的连词，如when, thugh, althugh, as if, as thugh, if, unless, until, nce等，表示时间、让步、条件、方式等。
If (I am) invited, I will attend the wedding f my friend.
如果受到邀请，我会参加我朋友的婚礼。
(2)过去分词(短语)作状语时，分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语要一致。
Caught, the thief will be punished by the plice. (caught的逻辑主语为the thief)
小偷如果被抓，就会受到警方的处罚。
(3)有些过去分词已形容词化，作状语时表示人的状态。常见的有satisfied, surprised, interested, mved, wrried, disappinted, pleased等。
Disappinted at the examinatin results, the girl std there withut saying a wrd.
因为对考试结果很失望，小女孩站在那里一句话也没说。
【即学即练2】单句语法填空
①__________ (leave) t himself, the baby began t cry.
②She accepted the gift, deeply __________ (mve).
③We went t the cinema, __________ (fill) with excitement.
④Once __________ (pur), water cannt be taken back.
3. 过去分词(短语)作表语
位于系动词，如be, get, becme, lk, feel, seem等之后，多表示主语的状态或状况，它所体现的是形容词的特性。
She lks disappinted.
她看上去很失望。
We were encuraged by the news.
听到这个消息我们很受鼓舞。
【名师点津】过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别
过去分词作表语时，强调主语所处的状态；而动词的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，强调动作。
The cup is brken.
杯子破了。(系表结构)
The cup was brken by Tm.
杯子是被汤姆打破的。(被动语态)
【即学即练3】单句语法填空
①I was t __________ (tire) t walk any further.
②When he heard the mving stry, he was deeply __________ (mve).
③Tm was mre __________ (surprise) than __________ (disappint) at this news.
④Bth he and I are __________ (satisfy) with the result.
4. 过去分词(短语)作宾语补足语
(1)过去分词作宾语补足语时，与宾语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，宾语是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者。
He watched the TV set carried ut f the rm.
他看着电视机被搬出了房间。
Last year they had the huse rebuilt.
去年他们让人重建了房子。
(2)几类能接过去分词作宾语补足语的动词(短语)
①表示感觉或心理状态的动词(短语)，如see, watch, bserve, find, lk at, hear, listen t, feel, ntice, think等。
I heard the sng sung in English.
我听到有人用英语唱这首歌。
②表示“致，使”意义的动词，如have, make, get, keep, leave等。
They managed t make themselves understd by using very simple English.
他们用了很简单的英语以使别人能听懂。
Dn’t leave thse things undne.
要把那些事情做完。
【名师点津】“have＋宾语＋过去分词”的三种含义
①表示“让某人做某事”
I’ll have my hair cut tmrrw.
明天我要去理发。
②表示“遭遇某种不幸；受到打击”
He had his wallet stlen.
他的钱包被偷了。
③做某事(主语可能参与其中)
I had my huse repaired last week.
上周，我修补了房子。
(3)表示“希望，要求”等意义的动词，如like, want, wish, rder等。
The teacher desn’t wish such questins (t be) discussed in class.
老师不希望在课堂上讨论这样的问题。
The plice, finding the film unhealthy, rdered it banned.
警察认为这部电影不健康，令其禁演。
【即学即练4】单句语法填空
①Yu’d better have yur shes __________ (mend).
②The father wants his daughter __________ (teach) the pian.
③I saw an ld man __________ (knck) dwn by a car.
④I’d like the jb __________ (d) when I cme back frm the jurney.
二、单句语法填空：
1. __________ (give) mre time, we culd d it much better.
2. The president f the cmpany came t the factry, __________ (fllw) by sme wrkers.
3. They make great gifts and yu see them many times __________ (decrate) with red envelpes and messages f gd frtune.
4. Mst clleges nw ffer first­year students a curse specially __________ (design) t help them succeed academically and persnally.
5. Earth Day, __________ (mark) n 22 April, is an annual event aiming t raise public awareness abut envirnmental prtectin.
6. Ordinary sap, __________ (use) crrectly, can deal with bacteria effectively.
7. Larger amunts f caffeine can cause a prblem __________ (call) caffeinism. Yu get very nervus and yu can’t sleep.
8. I quickly lwer myself, ducking my head t avid lking directly int his eyes s he desn’t feel __________ (challenge).
9. I need a new passprt s I will have t have my phtgraph __________ (take).
10. The girl, __________ (bring) up by her uncle, has begun t wrk nw.
11. __________ (see) frm the tp f the hill, the twn lks mre beautiful.
12. Deeply __________ (mve) by the film, the children began t cry.
13. The pilt asked all the passengers n bard t remain __________ (seat) as the plane was making a landing.
14. The lady __________ (dress) in red delivered a speech t us just nw.
15. I was deeply __________ (cnvince) that he wuld accmplish his aim in time.
16. The plice are lking fr the man __________ (assciate) with the terrible accident.
17. He was __________ (lse) in deep thught when I passed by him.
18. The dr remained __________ (lck) this mrning when I arrived hme.
19. Fr thse with family members far away, the persnal cmputer and the phne are imprtant in staying __________ (cnnect).
20. The car gt __________ (stick) in the mud, but the farmer made n effrt t get it ut.
21. “Dn’t travel during the hlidays” is ne glden rule __________ (fllw) by sme friends fr years, especially during the Spring Festival as the traffic is heavy.
22. I felt hpeless and alne, and mre __________ (depress) than I knw.
23. ---What d yu knw made Susan s upset?
--- __________ (charge) with giving away state secrets.
24. I’m calling t inquire abut the psitin __________ (advertise) in yesterday’s China Daily.
25. A great number f students __________ (questin) said they were frced t practice the pian.
26. The players __________ (select) frm the whle cuntry are expected t bring us hnr in this summer game.
27. The children were all __________ (inspire) after they heard the (inspire) news that they wuld be sent t Australia as internatinal exchange students.
28. If yu are nt satisfied with the price __________ (ffer), we can still discuss it.
29. The prize f the game shw is $ 30,000 including all expenses __________ (pay) fr the vacatin t China.
30. Sldiers came t rescue thse __________ (bury) under the ruins, and the gvernment prvided fd, clthes and shelters fr the hmeless.
31. Earth Day, __________ (mark) n 22 April, is an annual event aiming t raise public awareness abut envirnmental prtectin.
32. Jim has retired, but he still remember the happy time __________ (spend) with his students.
33. I quickly lwer myself, ducking my head t avid lking directly int his eyes s he desn’t feel __________ (challenge).
34. The mment she entered the rm, the girl caught sight f the gift __________ (buy) by her father.
35. Mst f the peple __________ (invite) t the party were famus scientists frm all ver the wrld.
36. Amie Salmn, disabled, is attended thrughut her schl days by a nursed __________ (appint) t guard her.
37. The prducer cmes regularly t cllect the cameras __________ (return) t ur shp fr quality prblems.
38. There are still many prblems (slve) befre we are ready fr a lng stay n the Mn.
39. The factry __________ (build) at present will prduce many advanced cmputers.
40. The factry __________ (build) last summer has emplyed many lcals t wrk in it.
41. It is said that listening t music makes a persn feel __________ (relax) when he is tired.
42. Yu sund very __________ (interest) in the jb, which makes me excited.
43. Because we had nt eaten ice cream fr a lng time, we gt very __________ (excite).
44. Thugh __________ (beat) by the ther team, the players didn’t lse heart.
45. The wman liked the water s much that she had it __________ (deliver) t her hme.
46. The man was __________ (absrb) in his wrk and didn’t ntice me passing by him.
47. His __________ (cnfuse) face suggested that he didn’t make sense f the prblem.
48. Her __________ (satisfy) smile shwed that her sn did well in the final exam.
49. Please keep an eye n the __________ (fall) stne n the rad while driving.
50. With her gift __________ (buy), she went ut f the shp with her best friend.
三、高考真题回顾：
1. (2023·全国I卷) Shanghai may be the __________ (recgnize) hme f the sup dumplings but fd histrians will actually pint yu t the neighbring canal twn f Nanxiang as Xia lng ha’s birthplace.
2. (2023·全国甲卷) Behind the simple style, hwever, is a serius message __________ (intend) fr everyne.
3. (2023·全国乙卷) Frm Buddhist temples t museums, narrw hutng t ryal palaces, it is hme t mre than 3,000 years f glrius histry even dwn t its layut, with the city keeping its carefully __________ (build) system f ring rads.
4. (2022·全国甲卷) Inspired by the Belt and Rad Frum fr Internatinal Cperatin __________ (hld) in Beijing, Ca decided t cver the rute by hiking as a tribute (致敬) t the ancient Silk Rad.
5. (2022·全国乙卷) “ It can help t build a cmmunity with a __________ (share) future fr mankind,” he said.
6. (2021·全国I卷) Strange, isn’t it? But that’s hw nature is — always leaving us __________ (astnish).
7. (2021·全国乙卷) It is different frm traditinal turism because it allws the traveler t becme __________ (educate) abut the areas
8. (2018·全国卷Ⅲ) I quickly lwer myself, ducking my head t avid lking directly int his eyes s he desn’t feel ___________ (challenge).
9. (全国Ⅰ)But my cnnectin with pandas ges back t my days n a TV shw in the mid－1980s, when I was the first Western TV reprter __________ (permit) t film a special unit caring fr pandas rescued frm starvatin in the wild.
10. (全国Ⅰ)A study f travelers __________ (cnduct) by the website TripAdvisr names Yangshu as ne f the tp 10 destinatins in the wrld.
四、语篇语法填空：
(1)
Harbin, the capital city f Heilngjiang prvince, welcmed nearly 3.05 millin visitrs, 1 (gain) 5.91 billin yuan f turism incme during the three-day New Year hliday.
The trend was then enlarged n scial media where influencers (网红) highlighted that many “sutherners”, wh 2 (refer) t as “little ptates frm the suth”, flded int the city’s ski resrts and bathhuses. The phrase is assciated with the 3 (remarkable) distinctive light-clred jackets and lvely hats that turists frm suthern China typically wear when traveling t the nrth, as well as their relatively 4 (shrt) figure cmpared with lcal’s. Thugh 5 (criticize) nline fr being steretypes, lcals clarified that it reflected a genuine sense f gdwill and friendship.
Apart 6 the icnic Harbin Ice and Snw Festival, turist spts intrduced varieties f new attractins, such as ht balln rides and bnfire parties. On Central Street, 7 struck the turists mst was the rganized parades featuring the Orqen (鄂伦春族), 8 ethnic minrity frm the regin.
T facilitate the 9 (cnsume) f Harbin’s ppular frzen pears, the city has even intrduced frzen pear platters (摆盘), making it mre cnvenient fr turists t taste the delicacy.
“Yu can get the incmparable snw experience and service in Harbin, 10 the temperatures can drp t -35℃,” a turist said.
(2)
Chinese disease expert Zhng Nanshan has extended 1 invitatin t Zhang Guimei, 64, the funder and principal f the 2 (ne) free high schl fr girls in China, t receive medical treatment fr her serius illnesses in Guangzhu.
Zhang, 3 is als a recipient (获得者) f the July 1 Medal—the Cmmunist Party f China’s highest hnur—established Huaping Girls High Schl in Lijiang, Yunnan Prvince, ffering free educatin t girls frm less­develped areas. She 4 (help) nearly 2,000 girls attend cllege ver the years, thugh she herself suffers 5 respiratry illness.
Zhng Weide, the sn f respiratry expert Zhng, extended the invitatin n behalf f his well­knwn father at the premiere f a dance drama in Guangzhu, earlier this mnth. The shw 6 (base) n Zhang’s stry.
“Frm this perfrmance, I get t knw mre abut this rle mdel. What impresses me mst 7 (be) the fearless perseverance and enduring lve f Ms Zhang Guimei, wh has brught hpe t 8 (child) in the muntainus regin f Yunnan,” Zhng Weide said.
“I 9 (sincere) invite Ms Zhang Guimei t receive treatment in Guangzhu. We wuld like t d ur small part fr the health f this rle mdel, 10 (use) advanced respiratry treatment technlgies.”
(3)
Fllwing the barbecue-induced travel craze t the city f Zib in East China, Chinese scial media has nce again highlighted the next internet-famus city wrthy f 1 (explre).
This time it’s Tianshui, a lw-key city in China’s Gansu prvince that 2 (take) the sptlight recently. It has attracted cnsiderable attentin 3 fd enthusiasts and scial media influencers nline, 4 (celebrate) the city’s icnic dish f ht pt.
Knwn as Tianshui Malatang, which 5 (literal) means spicy and ht, the lcal dish is ppular fr its large prtin f skewered meat, vegetables, 6 hand-made ptat ndles in a pt f biling brth (肉汤).
Tw fd blggers, with ver 3 millin fllwers in their accunt n the ppular Chinese Weib, 7 (be) amng the influencers praising the deliciusness f Tianshui Malatang. Their vlgs shw eager fd enthusiasts lining up n the streets, many f 8 traveled frm cities far away.
Dng Liangyan, 29, frm Daqing in Heilngjiang prvince, 9 (lcate) mre than 2,000 km away frm Tianshui, tld Xinhua that she was abslutely delighted 10 (enjy) the lcal delicacy.
(4)
The Eiffel Twer is the mst famus landmark in France, and ne f the mst 1 (visit) mnuments (纪念碑) in the wrld, but it wasn’t always s ppular. In fact, in 1886, just after its cnstructin was first prpsed, many were strngly 2 it. At that time, it wuld have been the tallest building in the wrld, and many 3 (claim) it wuld destry the skyline f Paris r perhaps even destry sme histric landmarks. 4 chief engineer, Gustave Eiffel replied, 5 (say) that such a large mnument was necessary t symblize the great effrts f the French peple as well as the great advancements in mdern engineering, industry, and science. The next year, Eiffel gained apprval (批准) and the twer was built in time 6 (celebrate) the 1889 Wrld Fair in Paris. If yu lk carefully at the twer, yu can still see the 7 (name) f the 72 scientists, engineers, and mathematicians 8 helped in its cnstructin. 9 (riginal), the twer was planned t be taken dwn after 20 years, 10 it prved t be t useful as a cmmunicatin twer, nt t mentin a giant advertisement bard, befre finally becmes the icnic attractin that we all knw tday.
(5)
The Yangtze River, China’s lngest river, 1 (rise) frm the Qinghai­Tibet Plateau, flws eastwards fr 300 kilmetres, eventually reaching Yuantujia, in Jiangsu Prvince in eastern China, 2 it flws int the sea. A large amunt f sediment (沉积物) 3 (carry) by the Yangtze River has been depsited here due t the tides. Gradually, the sandbar is becming a grwing and extending beach plain. It has als becme 4 ppular stpver (中途停留地) fr a large number f wild birds.
Frm the Yangtze River Delta t the nrth f Yuantujia, abundant rivers carry huge 5 (amunt) f sediment t the sea. They als bring nutrients, piling up 6 (frm) fertile castlines and unique sandy ridges and sandbars. Arund the castline f the Yellw Sea in China, hundreds f kilmetres f castal wetlands and znes have frmed. Every spring and autumn, nearly 3 millin wild birds arund the wrld stp here t reprduce 7 (they).
The Yangtze River Delta next t the Yellw Sea, is ne f China’s mst ecnmically develped and densely ppulated regins. 8 the ecnmy is develping rapidly, s far the envirnment has been prtected well and a large number f castal wetlands 9 (preserve). This creates 10 (value) habitats fr millins f wild birds and endangered species that prefer nt t be disturbed.