13 选择性必修四 Unit 3语法：语法精讲精练--不定式复习（原卷版+解析版）2023-2024学年高二英语下学期期末复习高效突破（人教版2019）

这是一份13 选择性必修四 Unit 3语法：语法精讲精练--不定式复习（原卷版+解析版）2023-2024学年高二英语下学期期末复习高效突破（人教版2019），文件包含13选择性必修四Unit3语法语法精讲精练--不定式复习原卷版2023-2024学年高二英语下学期期末复习高效突破人教版2019docx、13选择性必修四Unit3语法语法精讲精练--不定式复习解析版2023-2024学年高二英语下学期期末复习高效突破人教版2019docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共31页， 欢迎下载使用。
一、不定式复习具体框架
不定式是英语动词的非谓语形式之一，形式上由“t＋动词原形”构成。这里的t是不定式标志，没有词义。不定式既有名词、形容词或副词的某些语法功能，又有动词的部分特性，可以有自己的宾语和状语，构成动词不定式短语，有时态和语态的变化。
I. 动词不定式的时态和语态
I plan t attend a business meeting tmrrw.
明天我打算参加一个商务会议。(attend的动作在plan之后发生)
They are said t be studying psychlgy.
据说他们正在研究心理学。(be said与study同时发生)
I’m very srry t have kept yu sitting arund ding nthing.
让你一直无所事事地闲坐着，我很抱歉。(keep发生在be srry之前)
N harm seems t have been dne.
似乎并没有什么危害发生。(d发生在seem之前，且harm与d之间是逻辑上的动宾关系)
She is knwn t have been dealing with the prblems fr many years.
大家知道她处理这类难题已经有很多年了。(deal发生在be knwn之前，且deal表示的动作一直在进行)
【名师点津】动词不定式的“被动”与“否定”
(1)动词不定式的被动式表示其逻辑主语是动词不定式动作的承受者。
It’s a great hnur t be invited t Mary’s birthday party.
被邀请参加玛丽的生日聚会是一件非常荣幸的事情。
(2)动词不定式的否定式通常是将否定词nt或never置于动词不定式之前，即构成nt t d 或never t d 这样的形式。
They tk a vte and decided nt t d it.
他们进行了表决，决定放弃。
Hw many times has yur mther tld yu never t talk t strangers?
你母亲已告诉过你多少次了，绝不能和陌生人说话？
【即学即练1】
单句语法填空
①The wrld will be different, and we will have t be prepared(prepare) t adapt t the change.
②She pretended t be sleeping(sleep) when her mther came in.
③He is said t have been wrking(wrk) in this factry fr mre than twenty years.
II. 动词不定式的句法功能
动词不定式可以用来作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语等，表示比较具体的意义。
1. 动词不定式作主语
(1)动词不定式作主语多表示将来特定的某一次动作。
T blame the wrker will nt make up fr the lss.
责备那个工人弥补不了损失。
(2)动词不定式短语作主语时，为了保持句子平衡，往往用it作形式主语，而把动词不定式短语置于谓语动词之后。
It is traditinal t bring a gift t a husewarming party.
带礼物去参加乔迁派对是一种传统。
(3)若要说明不定式动作的执行者，可以在不定式前面加上“fr/f＋n./prn.”结构。当形容词表达事物的特征时用fr sb；当形容词表达人所具有的特征或品质时用f sb。此类形容词有careful, cruel, flish, brave, gd, hnest, kind, rude, plite, nice, stupid, wise, wrng, generus等。
It is imprtant fr us t live a lw­carbn life.
过低碳生活对我们来说很重要。
It is generus f him t cntribute s much.
他捐献了这么多真是太慷慨了。
【即学即练2】
单句语法填空
①(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Yu can’t help wndering hw hard it was fr the peple then t put(put) all thse rcks int place.
②It is cmmn t find(find) this type f petry, calligraphy art, hanging in peple’s hmes.
③If yu live in a cld climate, it will be imprtant t knw(knw) yur dg’s limits and hw yu can keep it safe and warm.
2. 动词不定式作表语
动词不定式作表语主要有三种情况：一是用于seem, appear, prve, turn ut等系动词之后的不定式(尤其是t be)；二是像“My jb is t sweep the flr.”这样的主语与表语“等价”的情形；三是表示想法、约定、义务、命令、可能性、命运等。
He seems t be ill.
他似乎生病了。
Her wish is t be a teacher.
她的愿望就是当一名教师。
We are t meet at the statin at three.
我们约定3点在车站见面。
【即学即练3】
单句语法填空
①It is imprtant t remember when yu’re trying t get alng with peple wh are very difficult r seem t be ignring (ignre) yu; everyne is just ding the best that they can.
②He is a children’s bk editr, whse jb is t srt(srt) thrugh thusands f new titles published each year and select the very best nes in The Times.
③The gal f this activity is t meet(meet) the needs f cmmn peple.
3. 动词不定式作宾语
(1)下列动词只能用不定式作宾语：
We agreed t meet at the schl gate.
我们一致同意在校门口见面。
(2)在某些动词如find, think, cnsider, feel, make, believe等，其后常用it作形式宾语，然后加宾语补足语，最后加动词不定式作真正的宾语。
We think it ur duty t prtect the envirnment.
我们认为保护环境是我们的责任。
【即学即练4】
单句语法填空
①I heard a passenger behind me shuting t the driver, but he refused t stp(stp) until we reached the next stp.
②I think it necessary t send(send) fr an expert.
③But Sarah, wh has taken part in shws alng with tp mdels, wants t prve (prve) that she has brains as well as beauty.
4. 动词不定式作定语
(1)动词不定式作定语表示将来的动作。
I wanted t cme t yur birthday party, but I had a prject t finish then.
我想去参加你的生日聚会，但那时我有一个项目要完成。
(2)动词不定式常放在某些名词或代词后作定语。如果作定语的动词不定式是不及物动词，或者动词不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，则不定式后需要加相应的介词。
I need a pen t write with.
我需要一支钢笔写字。
【名师点津】
如果被动词不定式修饰的名词为place, time, way等，不定式后的介词习惯上可以省略。
(3)动词不定式用来修饰被序数词、形容词最高级或n, all, any等限定的中心词，且与中心词之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系。
He was the first ne t think f the idea.
他是第一个想到这一点的人。
(4)被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用动词不定式作定语。常见的这类名词有：ability, chance, idea, hpe, wish, fact, excuse, prmise, attempt, way等。
The ability t express an idea is as imprtant as the idea itself.
表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。
【名师点津】动词不定式作定语时，若句子主语是不定式动作的执行者，则用主动形式表被动含义；若句子主语不是不定式动作的执行者，则用被动形式表被动含义。
She has a sister t lk after.
她有一个妹妹要照顾。(she是lk after的执行者)
【即学即练5】
单句语法填空
①The best way t set(set) yurself up fr success is t make sure that yur gals are SMART: specific, measurable, attainable, relevant, and timely.
②Birds’ singing is smetimes a warning t ther birds t stay(stay) away.
③Vlunteering gives yu a chance t change(change) lives, including yur wn.
5. 动词不定式作状语
(1)作目的状语。表示“为了”，可以单独放在句首、句中或句末。如果强调目的性，动词不定式前也可加in rder或s as，但s as t不能置于句首。
T/In rder t increase levels f cmmunity service, sme schls have launched cmpulsry vlunteer prgrammes.
为了提高社区服务水平，一些学校已经发起了义务志愿者服务计划。
(2)作结果状语。动词不定式作结果状语常表示令人意外的结果，有时前面加nly，以加强语气。常用于下列结构中：
nly t d ... 表示意想不到的结果
enugh t d ... 足够做……
t ... t d ... 太……而不能……
s/such ... as t ... 如此……以至于……
Tm tk a taxi t the airprt, nly t find his plane high up in the sky.
汤姆乘出租车去了机场，结果发现他要乘坐的飞机已飞入高空。
He is ld enugh t g t schl.
他到上学的年龄了。
(3)作原因状语。表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词作表语时，后可接动词不定式作原因状语，用以说明产生这种心理活动或情绪的原因。常见的这类形容词有：srry, surprised, disappinted, excited, glad, happy, anxius, delighted, pleased, flish等。
Maggie was glad t be hme in her wn bed.
玛吉回到家躺在自己的床上，觉得非常高兴。
I’m delighted t hear that yu are keen n Chinese traditinal culture.
我很高兴听到你喜欢中国传统文化。
【即学即练6】
单句语法填空
①(2021·浙江卷)Mary’s sister, Frances Tdd Wallace, ften came ver t plant(plant) flwers in the frnt yard.
②They are easy t care(care) fr and make great presents.
③T learn(learn) mre abut Chinese culture, Jack has decided t take Chinese flk music as an elective curse.
④Mary rushed hme immediately she heard the news, nly t find(find) that her husband was gne.
⑤Yu will never knw hw happy I was t see(see) her yesterday.
6. 动词不定式作宾语补足语
(1)在很多动词后都可以用不定式作宾语补足语，如ask, want, invite, get, frce, expect, allw, persuade, rder, warn, remind, prefer, cause, permit, frbid, advise, teach等。
Our father will nt allw us t play in the street.
我们的父亲不会允许我们在街上玩耍。
(2)下列动词(短语)接省略t的动词不定式作宾语补足语，表示动作的全过程。一感 (feel)、二听(hear, listen t)、三使(let, have, make)、五看 (see, ntice, bserve, watch, lk at)、半帮助 (help)。动词不定式作help的宾语补足语时，既可带t，也可不带t。
Nbdy saw him cme in.
没人看见他进来。(主动语态)
当以上动词(短语)所在的句子改为被动句时，动词不定式符号t必须保留。
The thief was bserved t enter the bank.
有人看见小偷进了银行。(被动语态)
【即学即练7】
单句语法填空
①What caused him t change(change) his mind?
②He didn’t allw the students t g(g) there.
③The teacher gt sme students t stay(stay) in the classrm after schl.
④He was made t wrk(wrk) day and night.
二、单句语法填空：
1. Chungking Express, ne f Wng Kar Wai’s persnal’ favurites, is the mvie that yu cannt affrd _________ (miss).
2. After I had received my pen pal’s letter referring t the spectacular scenery, I was desperate (g) there t have a lk.
3. In the nineteenth century, a new type f travelers stepped nt the Silk Rad: archaelgists and gegraphers, enthusiastic explrers wh were eager (lk) fr adventure.
4. Fr English teachers (play) a mre effective rle in teaching, every effrt must be made t raise students’ crss-cultural awareness.
5. Due (cme) int effect frm April 1, the law explains water cnservatin n the river basin, eclgical prtectin and restratin, cnservatin and intensive use f water resurces, fld cntrl and pllutin preventin amng ther measures.
6. When she sptted such abandned gds, she put a pair f eyeball-shaped stickers n them befre publishing ntes n her scial media accunts, and guiding thers (pick) them up frm the streets.
7. The study fcused n a grup f peple wh sang in a prfessinal chir and discvered that the amunt f prteins in the bld that functin as antibdies(抗体) was bviusly higher after singing, s peple invlved in music culd be less likely (get) sick.
8. Such a bld pressure is nrmal fr a persn f yur age, s it’s nt necessary (press) yurself t take medicine.
9. The cmpany tld us the reasn fr the change is “t maintain ur standards f privacy and _________ (strength) ur prtectins arund user data.”
10. Based n past experiences, it takes fur t five years after ecnmic recvery fr unemplyment ________ (return) t pre-crisis levels.
11. Nwadays, the 24 Slar Terms culd nt nly be applied t farming, but als guide Chinese in everyday life. They remind peple (adapt) t the changes in the seasns thrugh suitable fds and cultural ceremnies.
12. When a player is nt n the curt, he is expected (help) the game in ther ways, such as being the timekeeper r screkeeper.
13. Over 100 students had been persuaded (stp) using scial media fr seven days, mst f whm were excited and nervus.
14. T (brad) ur hrizns means pening up ur minds and experiencing new things.
15. We call n the peple f all cuntries (wrk) tgether t build a cmmunity with a shared future fr mankind, t build an pen, inclusive, clean, and beautiful wrld that enjys lasting peace, universal security, and cmmn prsperity.
16. Da Vinci is believed (emply) il paints already lng befre this technique reached its height with Rembrandt.
17. As a stpping pint n the famus ancient Silk Rad, Lulan is believed (cver) ver step by step by sandstrms.
18. Up t 1,000 extraditin cases are expected (deal) with by the end f the year, mre than duble the number last year, and fur times the number in 2006 accrding t figures frm the City f Westminster magistrates curt, which handles all extraditin hearings.
19. The disease which was reprted (emerge) frm Mzambique has spread alng shipping rutes arund the cast f Africa.
20. Why are yu still wrking n this prject? It’s 4 ’clck in the afternn and yu’re suppsed ________ (finish) it by nn.
21. Zhang Sanfeng, a 13th-century Taist, was said (invent) tai chi after drawing inspiratin frm a fight between a snake and a bird.
22. Flightless birds, which lack the ability t fly, rely instead n their ability t run r swim, and they are thught ________ (evlve) frm flying ancestrs.
23. The x has a significant place in Chinese culture. Centuries ag, mst peple earned their living thrugh farming and the x was used (help) farm and carry heavy gds.
24. She appeared (knw) the result f the cmpetitin as she shwed n surprise at all when I tld her that she had wn the first prize.
25. Still, practical prblems remain (slve), such as ensuring the trips are safe as many taxis will be flwn withut pilts.
26. Make sure yu have cmmunicated with yur friend abut hw frequently each f yu wants ________ (cntact) and what methd wrks best fr yu bth.
27. Human activities have influenced animals bth directly and indirectly, putting them in extreme danger; as a result, they are nwhere (find).
28. Because f my caring nature, I’m mre likely than anyne else in ur schl (assign) the task f lking after the elderly.
29. Mre details n Philip’s funeral arrangements are expected (cnfirm) by Buckingham Palace n Saturday, accrding t a ryal surce.
30. A red light is a warning t drivers and staff that anther train is dangerusly clse and that adjustments need ________ (make) .
31. English studying can be a very rewarding thing — generally speaking, yur hard wrk is mst likely ________ (reward) with slw but steady prgress.
32. Mechanical pencils are nt nly mre cnvenient than yur traditinal Ticnderga in the sense that they never need (sharpen); they als prduce thinner, cleaner lines, which is extremely imprtant fr drawers and drafters.
33. Apart frm the pening ceremny, a series f exciting activities are scheduled (hld) during the festival. In terms f turism, resurces f fine scenic spts, rural turism, and shpping turism are fully integrated.
34. In my daily life, I always want things (d) quickly. Hwever, the results tend t turn ut just the ppsite f what I wish.
35. This experience hasn’t kept Ann frm lving kite barding. “Life is fragile (脆弱的), but it’s meant ________ (enjy),” she says.
36. With a new farm bill (debate) in Cngress, cnsumers (消费者) must take a stand with yung farmers.
37. In the cming weeks, fans f the nline game can expect new vides, character, and much mre exciting cntent (reveal).
38. The tiny diamnd-shaped structure cvering the wings f the butterflies will cause sme clr wavelengths ________ (cancel) ut.
39. Mst cmputer users think it necessary fr their sftware (update) regularly.
40. After the cncert, Nami tld the family that Steve's music was beautiful and prfessinal. It needed ________ (share) in public.
41. “It seems like his brain is taking that part f the tissue that’s nt being stimulated by sight and using it _________ (perceive) music,” Limb tld CBS News. “It's srt f brrwing that part f the brain and rewiring it t help him hear music.”
42. The repair aims (remve) ptential safety threats while preserving the unique characteristics f the sectin.
43. Anyne wh’s visited the Terractta Warrirs will knw that they are clrless, lking like they’ve just been unearthed frm the grund. But yu may be surprised (learn) that they’re nt shwing their “true clrs” at all.
44. At the 2016 Olympics in Ri de Janeir, she became the first female U. S. gymnast (win) fur gld medals at a single Games.
45. The researchers fund that lcal effrts (imprve) water quality and stp verfishing did nt increase the reefs’ chances f survival.
46. Hwever, larger and mre precise studies were needed (cnfirm) the benefits.
47. In the wrkshp f the Wang Yipin Brush Pen Stre in Huzhu, 29-year-ld Shi Wangli brushes gat fur in water with an x hrn cmb (牛角梳子) (select) apprpriate hairs t make a Chinese brush pen.
48. China has named 24,126 primary and middle schls acrss the cuntry specialist ftball schls ________ (lead) yuth ftball develpment, accrding t the Ministry f Educatin (MOE).
49. Scientists arund the wrld are lking fr all kinds f ways t prtect and maybe even revive crals. One ptin is __________ (create) mre marine prtected areas-essentially natinal parks in the cean.
50. The scientists appealed t natins __________ (use) energy mre efficiently and cut their use f fssil fuels.
【答案】1. t miss 2. t g 3. t lk 4. t play 5. t cme 6. t pick 7. t get 8. t press 9. t strengthen 10. t return 11. t adapt 12. t help 13. t stp 14. braden 15. t wrk 16. t have emplyed 17. t have been cvered 18. t have been dealt 19. t have emerged 20. t have finished 21. t have invented 22. t have evlved 23. t help 24. t have knwn 25. t be slved 26. t be cntacted 27. t be fund 28. t be assigned 29. t be cnfirmed 30. t be made 31. t be rewarded 32. sharpening/t be sharpened 33. t be held 34. t be dne/dne 35. t be enjyed 36. t be debated 37. t be revealed 38. t be cancelled 39. t be updated 40. sharing/t be shared 41. t perceive 42. t remve 43. t learn 44. t win 45. t imprve 46. t cnfirm 47. t select 48. t lead 49. t create/creating 50. t use
三、高考真题回顾：
1. (2023·全国I卷) T eat ne, yu have t decide whether __________ (bite) a small hle in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill
2. (2023·全国I卷) Nanxiang aside, the best Xia lng ba have a fine skin, allwing them __________ (lift) ut f the steamer basket withut allwing them tearing r spilling any f their cntents.
3. (2023·全国甲卷) Fr thusands f years, peple have tld fables (寓言) —__________ (teach) a lessn r t pass n wisdm.
4. (2022·全国I卷) The plan will extend prtectin t a significant number f areas that were previusly unprtected, bringing many f the existing prtected areas fr giant pandas under ne authrity __________ (increase) effectiveness and reduce incnsistencies in management.
5. (2022·新高考全国I卷) He pushed a chair nt the balcny, and climbed up __________ (see) them.
6. (2022·全国甲卷) A visually-challenged man frm Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days t Xi’an, as a first step __________ (jurney) the Belt and Rad rute (路线) by ft.
7. (2022·全国乙卷) ___________ (strengthen) the cnnectin with yung peple, the event included a number f public prmtinal activities n scial
8. (2021·全国II卷) I decided t d smething __________ (educate) peple abut this prblem.
9. (2021·全国甲卷) It is pssible __________ (walk) r bike the entire 14 kilmeters.
10. (2019·全国I卷) Mdern methds f tracking plar bear ppulatins have been emplyed nly since the mid－1980s, and are expensive ___________ (perfrm) cnsistently ver a large area.
11. (2019·全国III卷) On ur way t the huse, it was raining s hard that we culdn’t help wndering hw lng it wuld take __________ (get) there.
12. (2019·浙江卷) But sme students didn’t want __________ (wear) the unifrm.
13. (2019·江苏卷) __________ (enjy) the cnvenience f digital payment, many senir citizens started t use smart phnes.
14. (2018·全国卷Ⅲ) Once his message was delivered, he allwed me __________ (stay) and watch.
15. (2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Yu dn’t have t run fast r fr lng __________ (see) the benefit.
16. (2018·全国卷Ⅱ)The gvernment encurages farmers t grw crn instead f rice ___________ (imprve) water quality.
17. (2017·全国Ⅰ) Fat and salt are very imprtant parts f a diet. They are required __________ (prcess) the fd that we eat, t recver frm injury and fr several ther bdily functins.
18. (2017·浙江) Sixteen years earlier, Pahlssn had remved the diamnd ring __________ (ck) a meal.
19. (2017·全国Ⅲ) But Sarah, wh has taken part in shws alng with tp mdels, wants __________ (prve) that she has brains as well as beauty.
20. (新课标全国Ⅰ) It tk years f wrk __________ (reduce) the industrial pllutin and clean the water.
21. (四川) Fr 25 days, she never left her baby, nt even t find smething __________ (eat)!
【答案与解析】
1.【解析】考查非谓语动词。decide whether t d sth.“决定是否做某事”，用“疑问词+不定式”作宾语，空处与后面t put并列作宾语，故填t bite。
2.【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据搭配allw sb. t d sth.“允许某人做某事”可知，空格需用动词不定式作宾语补足语，补足语lift ut与宾语them（指代小笼包）是逻辑上的动宾关系，空格需填动词不定式的被动式。故填t be lifted。
3.【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：几千年来，人们通过讲寓言来传授知识或传授智慧。根据句意可知，此处表达“来传授知识和智慧”，所以用不定式作目的状语。故填t teach。
4.【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，以提高效率。分析句子可知，空处应填动词非谓语形式作目的状语，故空处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填t increase。
5.【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，此处用动词不定式做目的状语。故用t see。
6.【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，所填的词作定语修饰名词step，所以用动词不定式，故填t jurney。
7.【解析】考查非谓语动词。结合句意可知，此处需用不定式表目的，“为了加强和年轻人的联系，”。故填T strengthen。
8.【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:我决定做一些事情来教育人们这个问题。分析句子结构可知, (educate) peple abut this prblem用做目的状语，所以用动词不定式。故填t educate。
9.【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处是一个句型：It is pssible t d ...。分析句子结构可知，句首的“It”是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式。故填t walk。
10.【解析】考查非谓语动词。主系表结构之后，常用不定式作原因等状语，句意：跟踪北极熊的现代方法只是在二十世纪八十年代以来开始采用，并且在如此大区域内持续采用是昂贵的，故填t perfrm。
11.【解析】考查不定式。句中的wuld提示我们作者还没有到达那座房子，wndering后的句子不缺谓语，此处应填非谓语动词，作主语代替形式主语it。故填t get。
12.【解析】 考查非谓语动词作宾语。句意：但是，有一些学生不想穿学生服。want t d sth.想要做某事，这是want的固定用法。故填t wear。
13.【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处是不定式作目的状语。句意：为了享受数字支付的方便，很多老年市民开始使用智能手机。故填不定式T enjy。
14.【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：一旦他的信息传达出去，他就允许我留下来看。固定短语allw sb. t d允许某人做某事，应该用t d 。故填t stay。
15.【解析】考查不定式作目的状语。你不必跑得太快或时间太长就能看到它的好处。此处不定式作目的状语，故填t see。
16.【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了改善水质政府鼓励农民种植玉米而不是大米。没有连词连接且谓语动词是encurages，故imprve应该用非谓语动词。此处表示目的，故用不定式。故填t imprve。
17.【解析】考查非谓语动词。require sth./sb. t d sth.需要某物/某人做某事，此处用其被动语态结构，所以填动词不定式t prcess作主语补足语。故填t prcess。
18.【解析】考查不定式作目的状语。Pahlssn当时摘掉钻戒的目的是为了做饭，故用动词不定式作目的状语。故填t ck。
19.【解析】考查非谓语动词。want t d sth.想要做某事，动词不定式作want的宾语。故填t prve。
20.【解析】考查非谓语动词。句中it是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式，该句结构为It takes/tk + 时间 + t d sth.。
21.【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意为：25天中，她寸步不离她的孩子，甚至不去找东西吃！不定式t eat作定语，修饰前面的不定代词smething。故填t eat。
四、语篇语法填空：
(1)
We hear abut climate change pretty much every day nw. Scientists have just annunced that July was the httest mnth ever 1 (recrd). The scientists are frm the Natinal Oceanic and Atmspheric Administratin (NOAA) in the USA. A spkespersn frm NOAA said, “July is 2 (typical) the wrld’s warmest mnth f the year, but July 2021 beat 3 (it) as the httest July and httest mnth ever.” NOAA said Earth’s land and cean surface temperature in July increased 4 0.93 degrees Celsius, cmpared t the 20th­century average f 15.8 degrees Celsius. The Nrthern Hemisphere was 1.54 degrees Celsius htter than average.
The NOAA spkespersn said this new recrd was 5 (wrry). He said, “In this case, first place is the wrst place t be.” The annuncement frm NOAA cmes a week after a 4,000­page reprt n climate change frm the United Natins. It clearly 6 (state) that humans had affected the climate. It wrte, “It is clear 7 human influence has warned the atmsphere, cean and land.” 8 ttal f 234 scientists frm 66 cuntries wrked n the reprt. It warns that extreme weather 9 (cntinue) t get wrse. It says every regin will experience multiple 10 (change) in weather, like sweltering heat and flding.
【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道。美国国家海洋和大气管理局的数据显示，2021年7月成了有史以来最热的月份，联合国气候变化报告明确指出人类活动已经影响了气候，极端天气将继续恶化。
1. recrded 考查非谓语动词。空处为非谓语动词作后置定语，名词短语the httest mnth与recrd之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词表示被动。故填recrded。
2. typically 考查副词。空处修饰整个句子，作评注性状语，应用副词形式typically，表示“通常”。故填typically。
3. itself 考查反身代词。此处主语July 2021发出的动作施加在自己身上，应使用反身代词。故填itself。
4. by 考查介词。increase by ...是固定搭配，意为“增加了……”。根据句意可知，7月份地球陆地和海洋表面温度增加了0.93摄氏度。故填by。
5. wrrying 考查形容词。空处作表语，表示“新纪录令人担忧”，应用­ing结尾的形容词，表示“令人担心的”。故填wrrying。
6. stated 考查动词的时态和语态。动词state和主语It之间是主动关系，且根据宾语从句中使用过去完成时可知，主句应使用一般过去时。故填stated。
7. that 考查名词性从句。It be clear that ...是固定句型，意为“很明显……”，其中It是形式主语，that从句是真正的主语。 故填that。
8. A 考查冠词。a ttal f ...为固定短语，意为“总共……”。位于句首，首字母应大写。故填A。
9. will cntinue 考查动词的时态和语态。动词cntinue与主语extreme weather之间是主动关系，此处表示对将来可能发生的事情提出警告，应使用一般将来时。故填will cntinue。
10. changes 考查名词的数。根据空前的形容词“multiple (多种的)”可知，可数名词change在此处应用复数形式。故填changes。
(2)
Can yu speak t dlphins (海豚)? Of curse yu can but yu wn’t be able t understand them！Here is 1 a bilgist has tld us：
Just like dgs, cats and ther mammals, dlphins cmmunicate using sund, sight, tuch and taste. Dlphins dn’t have the ability t smell, 2 their hearing and eyesight are excellent. Dlphins have their wn language and they start talking t each ther frm birth. 3 (actual), scientists think dlphins, like peple, “talk” t each ther abut a lt f things, like their age, their 4 (feeling) r finding fd. And, like humans, dlphins use a system f sunds and bdy language 5 (cmmunicate). But understanding their cnversatins 6 (be) nt easy fr humans. N ne speaks “dlphin” yet, but sme scientists are trying t learn. Dlphins are scial animals. They live in grups, and they ften jin thers frm different grups t play games and have fun. In fact, playing tgether is smething nly 7 (intelligence) animals d.
Dlphins are a great helper fr fishermen. When fish are near a bat, dlphins shw signs 8 the fishermen. 9 (use) this methd, fishermen can catch a lt f fish. And in return, the dlphins 10 (give) sme f the fish.
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。海豚能够用自己的语言交流，还能够帮助渔民捕获更多的鱼。
1. what 考查名词性从句。设空处引导表语从句，并在从句中作tld的宾语，表示“什么”，应用what。故填what。
2. but 考查连词。前后两个分句在意义上为转折关系，应用but连接。故填but。
3. Actually 考查副词。设空处修饰整个句子，应用actual的副词形式。位于句首，单词首字母应大写。故填Actually。
4. feelings 考查名词。此处feeling表示“感情”，为可数名词，且通常用复数。故填feelings。
5. t cmmunicate 考查非谓语动词。此处为不定式短语作目的状语。故填t cmmunicate。
6. is 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。这里说的是一般性情况，用一般现在时；动名词短语understanding their cnversatins作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。故填is。
7. intelligent 考查形容词。设空处修饰名词，应用intelligence的形容词形式。故填intelligent。
8. t 考查介词。shw sth t sb意为“给某人展示某物”，为固定短语。故填t。
9. Using 考查非谓语动词。动词use与其逻辑主语fishermen之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式作状语。位于句首，单词首字母应大写。故填Using。
10. are given 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。这里说的是一般性情况，应用一般现在时；主语the dlphins是谓语动词动作的承受者，应用被动语态；主语为复数，be动词用are。故填are given。
(3)
Tday, much f the wrld’s cean is still a mystery.
S far, nly 5 percent f it 1 (explre). In fact, we knw mre abut sme areas f Mars than that f the wrld’s cean.
Hwever, 2 is new technlgy that is helping scientists explre these hidden wrlds. Fr example, scientists are using an underwater vehicle 3 (call) DeepSee t explre seamunts-underwater muntains. Scientists have used DeepSee t study Las Gemelas. There are a huge variety f species 4 (live) arund Las Gemelas. Sme f these species may have chemicals 5 can help peple fight illnesses.
6 deepest lcatin f the earth is the Mariana Trench in the Pacific Ocean. The cean flr there is abut 11,000 meters deep. In 2012, filmmaker and explrer James Camern 7 (reach) the Mariana Trench in a vehicle called Deepsee Challenger. He was the first 8 (cmplete) the jurney alne. Camern tk 9 (pht) and made vides n the cean flr.
Deep-sea explratin als helps us in ther ways. Fr example, we are learning hw underwater earthquakes cause tsunamis(海啸). As Camern says, “This is the beginning f 10 (pen) up a new frntier.”
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是世界上的大部分海洋仍然是个谜，新技术正在帮助科学家探索这些隐藏的世界。
1. 考查时态和语态。句意：到目前为止，只有百分之五的地方被探索过。句子主语是Only 5 percent f it，单数第三人称，和谓语动词explre之间是被动关系，再根据s far“到目前为止”，可知句子用现在完成时态的被动语态，故填has been explred。
2. 考查强调句。句意：然而，正是新技术帮助科学家探索这些隐秘的世界。去掉设空处以及is和that句子依然完整，故此处考查强调句：it is/was+强调部分+that（强调人可用wh）+其他。故填it。
3. 考查非谓语动词。句意：例如，科学家正在使用一种名为DeepSee的水下飞行器来探索海底山脉。句中已有谓语动词are using且无连词，故空处应填非谓语动词，逻辑主语vehicle和call之间为被动关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填called。
4. 考查非谓语动词。句意：Las Gemelas周围生活着各种各样的物种。空处应填非谓语动词作后置定语，逻辑主语species和live之间为主动关系，应用现在分词。故填living。
5. 考查定语从句。句意：这些物种中的一些可能含有能够帮助人们对抗疾病的化学物质。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是chemicals，从句缺少主语，应用关系代词that/which引导从句。故填that/which。
6. 考查定冠词。句意：地球最深的地方是太平洋的马里亚纳海沟。根据最高级deepest可知，此处应填定冠词the。故填The。
7. 考查时态。句意：2012年，电影制作人兼探险家詹姆斯·卡梅隆驾驶一辆名为Deepsee Challenger的车到达了马里亚纳海沟。空处为句子谓语动词，根据时间状语in 2021判断为一般过去时。故填reached。
8. 考查不定式。句意：他是第一个独自完成旅程的人。当名词被序数词修饰，或本身就是序数词时，通常用不定式作后置定语。故填t cmplete。
9. 考查名词的数。句意：卡梅隆在海底拍摄了照片和视频。take phts“拍照”是固定短语。故填phts。
10. 考查动名词。句意：正如卡梅伦所说，“这是开辟新领域的开始。”位于介词f后应填动名词作宾语。故填pening。
(4)
Three mnths ag Gerge was at the Red Sea and when he came back, brwn and happy, he said that he had never had 1 a terrific hliday befre. As he was very gd at swimming and diving and was 2 (cncern) with bilgy, he managed t jin a scientific research grup 3 was studying the sea life f the Red Sea cast at that time. The researchers allwed him 4 (help) them in their wrk and gave him a special diving suit, s he was able t stay deep in the sea fr quite a lng time. Gerge was amazed at 5 beautiful the underwater wrld was. Millins f brightly clred fish mved 6 (busy) arund him. Crabs, turtles, and sea snakes lked at him curiusly and then hurried t d their underwater business. Once, when Gerge fllwed a little crab, a huge fish appeared frm behind a cral rck. Luckily, the shark tk n interest 7 him and disappeared int the 8 (deep) as if it had much mre imprtant things t d.
While Gerge was wrking fr the grup, explring the sea plants and animals in their natural cnditins, he 9 (make) a firm decisin t g n studying bilgy and natural sciences as research wrk became very 10 (attract) t him.
【解析】本文属于记叙文，介绍了Gerge参加了一个研究小组探索海洋世界，下定决心要学习生物学。
1. 考查固定搭配。句意：当他回来的时候，皮肤晒得黝黑，很高兴，他说他以前从来没有过这么棒的假期。名词或名词短语要放在such的后面，而形容词或者副词要放在s的后面。本句中such修饰名词短语a terrific hliday。故填such。
2. 考查固定搭配。句意：他擅长游泳和潜水，又很关心生物学，因此加入了当时正在研究红海沿岸海洋生物的科研组。固定搭配be cncerned with译为“对……关心；与……有关”。故填cncerned。
3. 考查定语从句。句意见上一题。先行词是a scientific research grup，在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词that或者which引导限制性定语从句。故填that/which。
4. 考查动词短语。句意：研究人员允许他帮助他们的工作，并给了他一件特殊的潜水服，所以他能够在深海待很长时间。固定搭配allw sb t d sth译为“允许某人做某事”。故填t help。
5. 考查宾语从句。句意：乔治对海底世界的美丽感到惊讶。此处为at后的宾语从句，空格后面有hw，所以用连接副词引导宾语从句。故填hw。
6. 考查副词。句意：数百万条颜色鲜艳的鱼在他周围忙碌地游动。修饰动词需要用副词。故填busily。
7. 考查介词。句意：幸运的是，鲨鱼对他不感兴趣，消失在深海里，好像它有更重要的事情要做。固定搭配take interest in译为“对……有兴趣”。故填in。
8. 考查名词。句意见上一题。根据空格前的定冠词the可知，此处填入名词来做介词int 的宾语。故填depth。
9. 考查时态。句意：当乔治在小组工作，探索海洋植物和动物的自然条件下，他坚定地决定继续学习生物和自然科学，因为研究工作对他非常有吸引力。根据时间状语从句中谓语动词was，可知本句使用一般过去时，所以使用made。故填made。
10. 考查形容词。句意见上一题。本句的主语是research wrk，句中became是系动词，后面要接形容词构成系表结构became attractive。故填attractive。
(5)
Inspired by the wrk f William Beebe, Dr. Sylvia Earle began her wrk as an ceangrapher at an early age when she 1 (knck) ff her feet by a wave. She was fascinated by the cean and its creatures. Althugh she struggled 2 (balance) her studies and family, Earle earned her PhD frm Duke University, becming well knwn in the marine science cmmunity. Early in her career and while she was fur 3 (mnth) pregnant, Earle traveled 30.5m belw the surface in a submersible. Her experience f 4 (live) in an underwater marine habitat earned her celebrity status in the scientific cmmunity.
With the experience, Earle develped an interest 5 deep-sea explratin, and in 1979 she brke 6 recrd fr deep-sea diving at 381m belw the surface in a special suit called the Jim Suit designed t withstand (承受) the 7 (press). Earle decided t test the suit as part f her research n a bk 8 (publish) by the Natinal Gegraphic Sciety, and the diving techniques nly scratched the surface f the cean. Fllwing this adventure, Earle started tw cmpanies 9 prduced deep-sea explratin vehicles. The cntinued advancement in the technlgy f these vehicles has helped pen up areas in the deep sea 10 (previus) unexplred.
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了美国深海探险家Sylvia Earle无畏艰险、探索海洋的事迹。
1. 考查动词。句意：受威廉毕比工作的启发，西尔维亚厄尔博士很小的时候就开始了海洋学家的工作，当时她被海浪击倒了。分析句子结构可知，空处应为定语从句的谓语动词。根据时间状语“at an early age”可知，此处是在陈述过去发生的事情，且主语“she”和“knck ff”之间是被动关系，需用被动语态。故填was kncked。
2. 考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管厄尔一直在努力平衡学业和家庭，但她还是从杜克大学获得了博士学位，在海洋科学界名声大噪。struggle t d sth.“艰难地做某事，努力做某事”为固定用法。故填t balance。
3. 考查名词。句意：在她职业生涯的早期，也就是怀孕四个月的时候，厄尔曾乘坐潜水器潜到水下30.5米。mnth为可数名词，由空前的“fur”可知，空处需用名词复数。故填mnths。
4. 考查非谓语动词。句意：她在水下海洋栖息地的生活经历为她在科学界赢得了名人地位。分析句子结构可知，空处作“f”的宾语，应用动词-ing形式。故填living。
5. 考查介词。句意：有了这段经历，厄尔对深海探索产生了兴趣，1979年，她穿着一套名为“吉姆服”的特制潜水服，在海平面以下381米的地方打破了深海潜水的记录。develp an interest in...为固定短语，意为“对……产生兴趣”。故填in。
6. 考查冠词。句意：有了这段经历，厄尔对深海探索产生了兴趣，1979年，她穿着一套名为“吉姆服”的特制潜水服，在海平面以下381米的地方打破了深海潜水的记录。分析句子结构可知，空处应用冠词，且由语境可知，此处表示特指。故填the。
7. 考查名词。句意：有了这段经历，厄尔对深海探索产生了兴趣，1979年，她穿着一套名为“吉姆服”的特制潜水服，在海平面以下381米的地方打破了深海潜水的记录。根据空前的“the”可知，空处应用名词作宾语，再根据语境可知，空处应填pressure，意为“压力”。故填pressure。
8. 考查非谓语动词。句意：厄尔决定测试这套潜水服，作为她对国家地理学会出版的一本书的研究的一部分，而潜水技术只触及了海洋的表面。分析句子结构可知，空处为非谓语动词，且“bk”和“publish”之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，需用过去分词。故填published。
9. 考查连词。句意：在这次冒险之后，厄尔创办了两家生产深海探测设备的公司。分析句子结构可知，空处应为引导定语从句的关系代词，指代先行词“tw cmpanies”在从句中作主语，指物。故填that/which。
10. 考查副词。句意：这些潜水器技术的不断进步，帮助开拓了以前未被探索过的深海区域。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰作定语的过去分词“unexplred”，需用副词形式。故填previusly。主动语态
被动语态
意义
一般时
t d
t be dne
表示动作与谓语动作同时发生或发生在谓语动作之后
完成时
t have dne
t have been dne
表示动作发生在谓语动作之前
进行时
t be ding
表示谓语动作发生时，不定式的动作正在进行
完成进行时
t have been ding
表示其动作发生在谓语动作之前并且一直在进行
决心学会想希望，设法拒绝愿假装
decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hpe/wish; manage, refuse, care, pretend
主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮
ffer, prmise, chse, plan; agree, ask/beg, help