14 选择性必修四 Unit 4语法：语法精讲精练--复习短语（原卷版+解析版）2023-2024学年高二英语下学期期末复习高效突破（人教版2019）

这是一份14 选择性必修四 Unit 4语法：语法精讲精练--复习短语（原卷版+解析版）2023-2024学年高二英语下学期期末复习高效突破（人教版2019），文件包含14选择性必修四Unit4语法语法精讲精练--复习短语原卷版2023-2024学年高二英语下学期期末复习高效突破人教版2019docx、14选择性必修四Unit4语法语法精讲精练--复习短语解析版2023-2024学年高二英语下学期期末复习高效突破人教版2019docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共22页， 欢迎下载使用。
一、语法图解
I.短语的概念
英语中的短语是有一定意义但不构成独立从句或句子的一组词。
II.短语的功能
英语短语的句法功能通常与对应的单词的句法功能类似，比如，名词短语与名词的功能相似，在句子中主要作主语、宾语等；介词短语主要是作定语、状语、补语等。
III.短语的分类
从形式结构角度划分，英语中的短语可分为名词短语、形容词短语、副词短语、介词短语、动词短语等。
1. 名词短语(NP)
构成：(限定词)＋(形容词、形容词短语、描述性名词)＋名词＋(介词短语)。名词短语在句中当作名词用，一般用作主语、宾语、表语或宾语补足语。
The three girls at the desk are my clse friends.
在桌子旁边的那三个女孩是我的好朋友。(作主语)
(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Seeing their dwncast eyes, he tld them t clean up the kitchen while he helped them make breakfast fr their mther.
看到他们垂头丧气的眼睛，他告诉他们打扫厨房，同时帮他们为他们的妈妈做早餐。(作宾语)
(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)As far as I am cncerned, it is exactly a silent friend, leading us int the uter wrld.
在我看来，它的确是一位无声的朋友，引领我们进入外部世界。(作表语)
【名师点津】名词短语中的限定词
在名词短语的构成中，限定词包括冠词(a/an/the)、指示代词(this, that, these, thse等)、物主代词(my, yur, his, her, ur, their等)和不定代词(sme, n, neither, bth等)。
2. 形容词短语(AdjP)
构成：(副词)＋形容词＋(介词短语)。形容词短语在句中当作形容词用，可以修饰名词或代词，还可以用作表语或者宾语补足语。
I have fund yu charming and intelligent.
我发现你很有魅力，很聪明。(作宾语补足语)
A traditinal Chinese painting shw is always attractive.
国画展总是很有吸引力。(作表语)
3. 副词短语(AdvP)
构成：(副词)＋副词。副词短语在句中当作副词用，可以修饰动词、形容词或副词。
He is s humrus, respnsible and selfless that I respect and lve him very much.
他如此幽默、负责任、无私，以至于我非常尊重并喜欢他。
Equally imprtantly, we shuld develp a gd habit f living.
同样重要的是，我们应该养成一种良好的生活习惯。
4. 介词短语(PrepP)
构成：介词＋宾语。能充当介词后宾语的主要有：名词、代词宾格、动词­ing形式等。介词短语在句中作表语、定语或状语。
The wrld’s ppulatin is likely t peak at 9.7 billin in 2064.
世界人口可能会在2064年达到97亿的峰值。(作状语)
Thanks t his effrts in epidemic preventin and cntrl, ur neighburhd has been in a gd state.
多亏了他在疫情防控方面所做的努力，我们社区状况良好。(作表语)
5. 动词短语(VP)
(1)动词＋副词
Please turn ff every light in the huse.
请把房子里的每一盏灯都关掉。(及物)
Harry turned up after the party when everyne had left.
晚会后，大家都已经走了，哈里出现了。(不及物)
I can call yu back later.
我稍后再打给你。
【名师点津】由动词加副词构成的动词短语，其后可以加宾语。当宾语为代词时，必须把宾语放在动词与副词之间。
(2)动词＋介词(及物)
This traffic prblem led t the develpment f the undergrund system.
这个交通问题导致了地下交通系统的发展。
When Lndn was bmbed, many undergrund statins functined as bmb shelters.
伦敦被轰炸时，许多地铁站用作了防空洞。
Taking enugh exercise cntributes t gd health.
进行足够的锻炼有助于身体健康。
(3)动词＋副词＋介词
We culd split up int grups, and cme at different times.
我们可以分成小组，在不同的时间来。
I lk frward t seeing yu sn.
我期望不久就能见到你。
(4)动词＋名词＋介词
The fficer refused t let his men take part in the peratin.
这名军官拒绝让他的士兵参加这项军事行动。
I’m nt wrried abut her—she can take care f herself.
我不为她担心，她能照顾自己。
Everyne shuld pay attentin t exercise.
每个人都要注意锻炼身体。
【即学即练】
写出下列句中加黑短语的属性
①I’m a member f ur basketball club. NP
②I take exercise every day t keep healthy. VP
③Li Hua speaks English quite fluently as he has lived in England fr many years. AdvP
④The weather there is wet and warm. AdjP
⑤The racing rute began at ur schl gate and ended at the ft f the Suth Hill. PrepP
二、单句语法填空：
1. The paintings are called “New Year paintings” because they are mstly psted during the Chinese New Year hliday __________ decratin and they are als a symbl f New Year’s greetings.
2. One pssible slutin __________ the prblem, hwever, has recently been suggested by an American scientist,
Prfessr Carl Sagan.
3. The uter city cnnectin with this area was cut __________.
4. Only students __________ mre than 30 percent bdy fat r a bdy mass index (指数) ver 28 can sign up fr the curse.
5. As we all knw, Hangzhu, a beautiful city, wn the bid __________ September 16th, 2015.
6. There is n denying that the prvince is __________ great significance t the turism develpment in China.
7. After a while the little by came ut __________ the watch in his hand!
8. Accrding t the researchers, the results are quite imprtant __________ imprving peple’s health wrldwide.
9. __________ these difficulties, they managed t wrk ut 24 Slar Terms by studying the sun’s mvement and als paying attentin t ther natural changes such as air temperature, water and crp grwth.
10. It makes sense t prvide children with smething age-apprpriate t read instead __________ magazines nly available fr adult custmers.
11. We celebrate “Dragn Bat Festival” t remember Qu Yuan’s devtin __________ the cuntry.
12. A 2016 meta-analysis f hundreds f studies cncluded that transcranial direct-current stimulatin (tDCS, 经颅直流电刺激) is “pssibly r prbably effective” __________ a treatment fr depressin.
13. In bth acting and technical terms, the film is similar t a Hllywd blckbuster, __________ (include) gun fights, car chases and an underwater fight.
14. The natinal park has a large cllectin f wildlife, ranging frm butterflies __________ elephants.
15. The weather frecast says it is ging t snw next week. It seems that the weather is __________ (like) t imprve ver the next few days.
16. In the ___________ (fllw) years, there were fewer drputs and mre cllege graduates in my village, f which I am prud even tday.
17. Cindy felt __________ (lne) in her new schl, s she jined sme clubs t make new friends.
18. Peple use t many plastic bags and thrw them away, it is ___________ (harm) t ur envirnment.
19. Usually, it takes abut ne r tw years t build a huse in the ___________ (traditin) way.
20. S we shuld be mre __________ (care) when buying things advertised by stars.
21. Develping the Yangtze River Ecnmic Belt is a systematic prject which call __________ a clear rad map and timetable.
22. Mary is really gd at taking ntes in class. She can put __________ almst every wrd her teacher says.
23. With the water in the lake ___________ (run) ut, farmers have t dig wells t supply their farmland with water.
24. --- Why didn’t Mr. White arrive n time fr the meeting?
--- He must ___________ (hld) up n his way here in the traffic jam.
25. ---I wn first prize in the cntest.
---Cngratulatins! That ___________ (call) fr a celebratin.
26. We ffered t give Sharn a ride hme, but she declined, ___________ (say) that she felt like walking.
27. Kate heard a man’s vice in the backgrund, but she culdn’t make ___________ what he was saying.
28. He asks yu questins and actually remembers the answers, s the next time yu ride with him, he’ll check ___________ thse things.
29. Scientists are trying t find ut what advantage shuld ___________ (take) f the natural resurces in this area.
30. The mther didn’t knw wh was __________ (blame) fr the brken glass as it happened while she was ut.
31. After the shw, everyne std up and began __________ (clap) ludly fr their wnderful perfrmance.
32. Our schl ffers gd equipment and yu will be well (equip) with knwledge and skills fr yur future jb.
33. There was a feeling f (depress) in the ffice when the bad news was annunced.
34. T my (amaze), the news made the whle class surprised and their teachers were als amazed.
35. In (real), the real part f his stry was that Jim really helped us t realize ur dream f travelling abrad.
36. Fr (instant), many cmpanies have lng used instant messaging n their Web sites t allw shppers t chat with custmer-service representatives.
37. She is very patient with her students because she knws that teaching calls fr (patient) and devtin.
38. All the applicants can apply in persn r by letter and at the same time shuld hand in their ___________ (apply) befre May 6th.
39. There are varius gds in the new supermarket, with the prices (vary) frm cents t dllars.
40. It is high time that we shuld take (measure) t prtect endangered animals.
41. He argued against smking, and insisted that it was beynd (argue) that smking did harm t well-being.
42. Luckily the disabled girl was picked ut frm hundreds f (apply) fr the vluntary jb.
43. A great pem is a funtain frever verflwing with the waters f (wise) and delight.
44. Children will ask all kinds f questins. T meet their (curius), we’d better answer them.
45. With the (develp) f the Internet, less cmmunicatin will be dne by regular mail.
46. I made an (aplgise) t him fr my misunderstanding f his kindness.
47. Accrding t a review f evidence in a medical jurnal, runners live three years ___________ (lng) than nn-runners.
48. Sixteen years ___________ (early), Pahlssn had remved the diamnd ring t ck a meal.
49. He was very tired after ding this fr a whle day, but he felt very happy since the crp did “grw” ________ (high).
50. I was greatly ___________ (astnish) that she had turned dwn his kind ffer.
【答案】1. fr 2. t 3. ff 4. with 5. n 6. f 7. with 8. fr 9. Despite 10. f 11. t 12. as 13. including 14. t 15. unlikely 16. fllwing 17. lnely 18. harmful 19. traditinal 20. careful 21. fr 22. dwn 23. running 24. have been held 25. calls 26. saying 27. ut 28. n 29. be taken 30. t blame 31. t clap 32. equipped 33. depressin 34. amazement 35. reality 36. instance 37. patience 38. applicatins 39. varying 40. measures 41. argument 42. applicants 43. wisdm 44. curisity 45. develpment 46. aplgy 47. lnger 48. earlier 49. highly 50. astnished
三、高考真题回顾：
1. (2023·全国卷I) There yu will find them prepared differently-- mre dumpling and less sup, and the wrappers are pressed ___________ hand rather than rlled.
2. (2022·全国卷I) Giant pandas als serve ___________ an umbrella species (物种), bringing prtectin t a hst f plants and animals in the suthwestern and nrthwestern parts f China.
3. (2022·全国卷I) Cvering an area abut three times ___________ size f Yellwstne Natinal Park, the GPNP will be ne f the first natinal parks in the cuntry.
4. (2021·全国乙卷) Due t the grwing ppularity f envirnmentally-related and adventure travel, varius types ___________ trips are nw being classified as ecturism.
5. (2020·新高考全国卷II) Each vlume in the set explres ___________ wide range f material, explains the basic cncepts f majr applicatins f digital systems, and discusses the influences they have n everyday life.
6. (2019·全国III 卷) We were first greeted with the barking by a pack ___________ dgs, seven t be exact.
7. (2019·全国浙江卷) Everybdy wears ___________ same style f clthes.
8. (2018·全国卷Ⅲ) Unexpectedly, I’m face-t-face with the grilla, wh begins screaming at ___________ tp f her lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pund male appears.
9. (2018·全国卷Ⅲ) I was searching ___________ these three western lwland grillas I’d been bserving. N ne had seen them fr hurs, and my clleagues and I were wrried.
10. (2017·全国II) It (the first undergrund passenger railway) ran fr just under seven kilmeters and allwed peple t avid terrible crwds n the rads abve as they travelled t and ___________ wrk.
11. (2017·全国卷I ) As ___________ result, peple will eat mre fd t try t make up fr that smething missing.
12. (全国 Ⅱ) Give yur bdy and brain a rest by stepping utside fr ___________ while, exercising, r ding smething yu enjy.
【答案与解析】
1.【解析】考查介词。句意：在那里，你会发现它们的制作方式不同——更多汤包，更少的汤，包子皮是用手压的，而不是擀出来的。by hand“用手”是固定搭配，根据句意，故填by。
2.【解析】考查介词。句意：大熊猫还扮演着保护伞的角色，为中国西南和西北地区的许多动植物带来保护。分析句子可知，此处考查固定短语serve as，意为“充当”，故空处应填介词as。故填as。
3.【解析】考查冠词。句意：该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，将成为中国首批国家公园之一。分析句子可知，此处考查倍数表达法，即为：倍数+ the size f +比较成份，因此此处应填定冠词the。故填the。
4.【解析】考查介词。varius types f...各种各样的……。
5.【解析】考查冠词。句意：每一卷在一套探索广泛的材料，解释了数字系统的主要应用的基本概念。a wide range f...“广泛的……”，固定短语。故用a。
6.【解析】考查介词。句意：我们首先受到一群狗叫声的欢迎，准确地说是七只。“a pack f”意为“一群”。故填 f。
7.【解析】考查冠词。句意：每个人都穿相同风格的衣服。same是形容词，意思是“相同的”，常与the连用修饰名词。故填 the。
8.【解析】考查冠词。此处为固定短语 at the tp f，此处表示以最大的肺活量喊叫。故填the。
9.【解析】考查动词短语搭配。search fr是固定搭配，表示“寻找”，表示“我”在寻找“我”研究的三只西部低地的大猩猩。故填fr。
10.【解析】考查介词短语搭配。travel t and frm wrk意为“上下班”。故填frm。
11.【解析】考查不定冠词。as a result 意为“结果”，是固定搭配。故填a。
12.【解析】考查不定冠词。句意：让你的身体和思想休息一会儿。固定表达 fr a while 一会儿。故填a。
四、语篇语法填空：
(1)
Even if my grandfather was a farmer, Grandma wuld irn his wrk clthes every day. 1 the years passed, I began t questin this practice. Why did Grandpa’s wrk clthes need 2 (irn)?
One day I asked Grandma abut it. I wanted t knw why she thught 3 necessary t d s. Her reply was simple. She tld me that he was the mst handsme man in the wrld and that he was her 4 (gd) friend and the lve f her life. 5 (late) that day, I lked clsely at Grandpa. He sure didn’t lk all that handsme t me. He 6 (be) a shrt thin man. His hair was thin n tp, and his false teeth didn’t line up t well when he smiled. I really didn’t see hw anyne culd cnsider this man was the mst handsme ne Gd ever made. S I 7 (ask) Grandma abut it again. She burst int 8 (laugh). “Yu just aren’t lking at the right time. I remember when he had real teeth. He has the mst beautiful blue eyes I have ever seen. His entire face lights up when he smiles and his vice is s calming and full, all f 9 makes me want him t be mre beautiful. I irn his clthes every day because fr all these years, he has made me feel beautiful. He’s a man 10 (wrth) f respect.”
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的祖父是一位农民，但作者的祖母每天都会给他熨烫衣服，这引起了作者的好奇。祖母的解释令作者深受感动，原来在祖母心中，祖父是如此完美。
1. As 考查连词。 此处应用as引导时间状语从句，表示“随着”；位于句首，首字母应大写。
2. irning/t be irned 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词，作动词need的宾语。衣服是被熨烫，物作主语，need后面可跟动名词作宾语表被动含义，也可以用动词不定式的被动形式。
3. it 考查it作形式宾语。本句中why引导的是宾语从句，从句中it是形式宾语，necessary是宾语补足语，不定式是真正的宾语，即think it＋adj.＋t d sth句式。
4. best 考查形容词的最高级。根据本句中的“the mst handsme”可知，在祖母的眼中，祖父是最帅的，也是她最好的朋友，当然也是一生挚爱。此处是并列关系，所以用形容词的最高级。
5. Later 考查副词的比较级。根据语境可知，就在那天的晚些时候，作者留意观察了自己的祖父。later意为“较晚地”；位于句首，首字母应大写。
6. was 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。作者在描述当时祖父的样子，说的是过去的事实，所以用一般过去时；主语是He, be动词用was。
7. asked 考查动词的时态。作者在讲述过去的事实，所以用一般过去时。
8. laughter 考查名词。祖母听了作者的话之后，忍不住大笑起来。burst int laughter意为“突然大笑起来”，为固定短语。
9. which 考查定语从句。本句含有一个非限制性定语从句，先行词指的是主句的所有内容，指物，且位于介词之后，只能使用which。
10. wrthy 考查形容词。在祖母看来，祖父是值得尊敬的。wrthy f respect作后置定语，修饰a man。wrthy f sth意为“值得……的”。
(2)
Which is the mst significant classical Chinese painting? Accrding t Paul Denlinger, wh 1 (lay) ver in China many times when yung, it shuld be Qingming Shanghe Tu r Alng the River During the Qingming Festival. This 2 (create) dates back t the Nrthern Sng Dynasty.
This painting is imprtant 3 several reasns. First, up until this time, almst all Chinese paintings were landscapes, 4 (cntain) n r nly a few images f peple. Secnd, this is the first scrll (卷轴) painting 5 (describe) bth Chinese urban and suburban life during the perid in the capital, Bianjing (nw Kaifeng in Henan Prvince). Third, the painting is 6 (high) detailed and features shps f all kinds and different ecnmic activities in and ut f the city. Peple are able t see the Chinese technlgies f the time, which helps them 7 great deal in understanding 8 the Chinese lived.
The Beijing Palace Museum keeps the 9 (rigin) Sng painting and ne f its famus cpies—the Qing Versin— 10 (hld) in the Natinal Palace Museum in Taipei.
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。中国最重要的经典画作是什么？依在中国生活过多年的保罗·丹林格来看，那非《清明上河图》莫属。
1. laid 考查动词的时态。根据时间状语when yung可知，此处描述的是发生在过去的动作，应用一般过去时。 lay的过去式和过去分词都是laid。lay ver意为“(长途旅行期间)作短暂停留”。
2. creatin 考查名词和名词的数。空处作句子的主语，故用名词形式；creatin表示“作品”时为可数名词，根据This及dates可知，此处应用单数。
3. fr 考查介词。fr ... reasn意为“出于……的原因”，为固定短语。
4. cntaining 考查非谓语动词。句中有谓语，且空前无连词，故此处为非谓语；cntain与句子主语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词。
5. t describe 考查非谓语动词。句中有谓语，且空前无连词，故此处为非谓语；scrll painting被序数词修饰，故用动词不定式作后置定语。
6. highly 考查副词。空处作状语修饰形容词detailed，应填副词。high和highly都可作副词，但high表示“在高处；向高处；高”，多指具体的高；而highly表示“非常；很；高标准地”，多指抽象意义上的高。结合语境可知，此处表示“这幅画非常详细”，故应用highly。
7. a 考查冠词。a great deal意为“大量；非常”，在此充当状语，修饰helps。
8. hw 考查宾语从句。空处引导宾语从句，作understanding的宾语；根据句意可知，此处表示“中国人是怎样生活的”，从句中的lived在此是不及物动词，故填hw。
9. riginal 考查形容词。空处作定语修饰后面的名词短语，故用形容词riginal，意为“原来的；最早的”。
10. is held 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。此处描述现在的事实，应用一般现在时；the Qing Versin与hld之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态；主语为the Qing Versin，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。
(3)
Traditinal Chinese Culture Shines
China is a cuntry with a histry f ver 5,000 years and basts a rich and diverse culture. I want t share my views n sme aspects f Chinese culture, including its philsphy, archery (射箭术) and petry.
As we lk at Chinese ancient philsphy, what will mstly 1 (discuss)? Well, Chinese culture is greatly influenced by Cnfucianism, Taism and Buddhism. These 2 are mentined mst express ur ancestrs’ crystal (结晶) f intelligence. Cnfucianism stresses the significance f mral values and scial harmny. Taism advcates fr a simple and natural way f life, while Buddhism teaches cmpassin (怜悯) and the 3 (pursue) f inner peace. These three philsphies 4 (shape) the Chinese way f thinking and living fr centuries.
As fr archery, the Yuan Dynasty is famus fr it. The emperrs f the Yuan Dynasty were nmadic (游牧) peple. They used archery t fight, while 5 (make) themselves fit. Archery is ne f the six Chinese arts, but it was nt until the Yuan Dynasty that archery became mre ppular.
Petry is my favrite which ffers a unique insight 6 the Chinese language, culture and histry. Its cnciseness (简洁), depth and rich imagery cntinue t, captivate (使着迷) readers arund the wrld, making 7 a crucial cmpnent f China’s literary heritage. By explring Chinese petry, we can gain a 8 (deep) appreciatin fr the beauty and cmplex nature f this ancient art frm as well as its enduring legacy.
9 (dubt), traditinal Chinese culture is the treasure f Chinese civilizatin. We teenagers shuld always take a psitive attitude tward Chinese cnventinal culture 10 try t find the significance f traditinal culture in the new era.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，作者主要介绍了中国传统文化的几个方面，包括哲学、射箭术和诗歌。
1. 考查语态和主谓一致。句意：当我们看中国古代哲学时，主要讨论的是什么? discuss(讨论)是句中谓语动词，与主语what之间是被动关系，结合句意和助动词will，应使用be discussed构成一般将来时的被动语态。故填be discussed。
2. 考查定语从句。句意：这些被提到最多的能表达我们祖先的智慧结晶。空格处单词引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词These，指代上文中“Cnfucianism, Taism and Buddhism”，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语，应使用关系代词which引导该从句。故填which。
3. 考查名词。句意：道教提倡简单自然的生活方式，而佛教则教导慈悲和追求内心的平静。在冠词the之后，用名词pursuit作宾语，意为“追求”，不可数。故填pursuit。
4. 考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：几个世纪以来，这三种哲学塑造了中国人的思维方式和生活方式。shape(塑造)是句中谓语动词，与主语These three philsphies之间是主动关系，句中有时间状语fr centuries，描述从过去持续到现在的动作，应使用现在完成时态，又因主语是复数名词，所以谓语动词也应使用复数形式。综上，谓语应用现在完成时的主动语态，复数形式。故填have shaped。
5. 考查非谓语动词。句意：他们用射箭来战斗，同时保持身体健康。“(make) themselves fit”作伴随状语，make(使处于)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语They之间是主动关系，用现在分词表主动。故填making。
6. 考查介词。句意：诗歌是我最喜欢的，它提供了对中国语言、文化和历史的独特见解。insight int是固定搭配，意为“洞悉……；了解……”。故填int。
7. 考查代词。句意：其简洁、深刻和丰富的意象继续吸引着世界各地的读者，使其成为中国文学遗产的重要组成部分。指代上文中不可数名词Petry，用单数代词it，作宾语。故填it。
8. 考查比较级。句意：通过探索中国诗歌，我们可以更深入地了解这一古老艺术形式的美丽和复杂的本质，以及它持久的遗产。提示词作定语，结合句意，表示“更深入的了解”，用形容词比较deeper。故填deeper。
9. 考查副词。句意：毫无疑问，中国传统文化是中华文明的瑰宝。修饰整个句子，用副词作状语，结合句意，表示“毫无疑问”，用副词undubtedly；句首单词首字母大写。故填Undubtedly。
10. 考查连词。句意：我们青少年应该始终以积极的态度对待中国传统文化，并试图找到传统文化在新时代的意义。try和take是并列谓语动词，用连词and连接。故填and。
(4)
Several studies in recent years have suggested that ride-sharing services like Uber can 1 (wrse) traffic prblems in cities, 2 cntinue t have high rates f private vehicle wnership.
The new study, 3 (cnduct) by the nt-fr-prfit grup Unin f Cncerned Scientists, represents 4 attempt t center n hw ride-sharing services affect pllutin. The research examined the effects f ride-sharing services 5 the envirnment f seven American cities.
Overall, the researchers reprted that ride-sharing trips nw result in an estimate 69% mre climate pllutin n average than the 6 (replace) trips. The study explains that the same passengers culd have chsen t travel by bus, train, bike r n ft.
One f the big reasns they give fr this result is that usually ride-sharing vehicles 7 (drive) with n passengers in the car. This happens 8 drivers are either waiting fr rider requests, are n the way t pick up passengers, 9 are driving in between pickups.
The study urges services like Uber 10 (wrk) t increase the number f pled rides and electric vehicles n the rad, and t imprve cnnectins t public transprtatin centers.
【导语】这是一篇说明文。近年来的几项研究表明，像优步这样的拼车服务可能会加剧城市的交通问题。
1. 考查动词。句意：近年来的几项研究表明，像优步这样的拼车服务可能会加剧城市的交通问题，这些城市的私家车拥有率仍然很高。can后接动词原形wrsen。故填wrsen。
2. 考查定语从句。句意：近年来的几项研究表明，像优步这样的拼车服务可能会加剧城市的交通问题，这些城市的私家车拥有率仍然很高。先行词为cities，作非限制性定语从句的主语，关系代词为which。故填which。
3. 考查非谓语。句意：这项新研究是由非营利组织忧思科学家联盟(Unin f Cncerned Scientists)进行的，它试图集中研究拼车服务如何影响污染。空处为非谓语动词，The new study与cnduct为被动关系，用过去分词作定语。故填cnducted。
4. 考查冠词。句意：这项新研究是由非营利组织忧思科学家联盟(Unin f Cncerned Scientists)进行的，它试图集中研究拼车服务如何影响污染。an attempt t d sth“试图做某事”。故填an。
5. 考查介词。句意：该研究调查了拼车服务对美国七个城市环境的影响。effrts n/upn“对……的影响”。故填n/upn。
6. 考查形容词。句意：总的来说，研究人员报告说，拼车出行现在造成的气候污染平均比被取代的出行多69%。表示“被取代的”，用形容词replaced作定语。故填replaced。
7. 考查时态语态。句意：他们给出这一结果的一个重要原因是，通常拼车车辆是在没有乘客的情况下行驶的。空处在陈述事实，为一般现在时，主语ride-sharing vehicles与谓语drive为被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态。故填are driven。
8. 考查状语从句。句意：当司机在等待乘客的请求时，在接送乘客的路上，或者在接送之间开车时，这种情况就会发生。根据句意可知，本句为when引导的时间状语从句，表示“当……时”用when。故填when。
9. 考查连词。句意：当司机在等待乘客的请求时，在接送乘客的路上，或者在接送之间开车时，这种情况就会发生。根据句意，表示“或者”用连词r。故填r。
10. 考查不定式。句意：该研究敦促优步等服务增加拼车和电动汽车的数量，并改善与公共交通中心的联系。urge sb t d sth“敦促某人做某事”。故填t wrk。
(5)
Frm pcket parks t frest parks, China is bringing nature clser t urban life. Frm 2021 t 2022, Shanghai has transfrmed 62 wdlands int leisure spaces, 1 pen up frests fr visitrs t walk thrugh nature and get clser t wildlife. A grwing number f cmpanies and universities have chsen t “pen their gates” and share their greenery, thus 2 (prvide) mre space fr visitrs t relax. In Nanning, Guangxi, parks are nt nly fr relaxatin. 3 (play) f traditinal Yng Opera, a very ppular lcal pera, are 4 (regular) staged in the Peple’s Park.
Parks can d gd fr the envirnment t. Take Beijing’s Central Green Frest Park as an example. The park 5 (reach) carbn-neutral (碳中和) since it was pened in 2020. This means that 6 the park’s facilities prduce carbn dixide, the plants there can absrb mre t make up. It als fully reuses rainwater and creates green energy, such as slar energy, 7 (supply) the park.
As cities in China becme 8 (green), “park cities” are becming a reality. The cncept f a park city 9 (intrduce) by President Xi Jinping in 2018. It suits peple’s need fr a better living experience and is a peple-centered cncept that takes the frm f 10 imprved natural envirnment in all aspects.
【导语】本文是新闻报道。详细描述了中国如何将自然环境融入城市生活，通过具体的例子和数据展示了中国在城市绿化和公园建设方面的努力和成果。
1. 考查定语从句。句意：从2021年到2022年，上海已经将62个林地改造成休闲空间，为游客开辟了森林，让他们在大自然中漫步，与野生动物亲密接触。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前句提到的事，在从句中作主语，用which引导。故填which。
2. 考查非谓语动词。句意：越来越多的公司和大学选择“敞开大门”，分享他们的绿色植物，从而为游客提供更多的放松空间。本句已有谓语动词have chsen，所以prvide用非谓语形式，和逻辑主语cmpanies and universities之间是主动关系，用现在分词形式。故填prviding。
3. 考查名词。句意：传统的甬剧是一种非常受欢迎的地方戏剧，经常在人民公园上演。本句缺少主语，所以空处应填名词作主语，play意为“戏剧”，为可数名词，根据句意，用复数形式，位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Plays。
4. 考查副词。句意：传统的甬剧是一种非常受欢迎的地方戏剧，经常在人民公园上演。空处修饰空后的动词，用副词修饰。故填regularly。
5. 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：自2020年开放以来，该公园已达到碳中和。reach作本句谓语，根据标志词since可知，用现在完成时，主语是The park为第三人称单数。故填has reached。
6. 考查状语从句。句意：这意味着，尽管公园的设施会产生二氧化碳，但那里的植物可以吸收更多的二氧化碳来弥补。分析知，本句又三个句子构成，已有连词that引导宾语从句，所以空处应填连词，根据句意，表达“虽然，尽管”之意，应是thugh/althugh/while引导让步状语从句。故填thugh/althugh/while。
7. 考查非谓语动词。句意：它还充分利用雨水，创造绿色能源，如太阳能，为公园供电。此处是固定搭配：reuse sth. t d sth.意为“利用某物做某事”。故填t supply。
8. 考查形容词比较级。句意：随着中国城市越来越环保，“公园城市”正在成为现实。空前是系动词，所以空处应填形容词作表语，根据句意，此处表达“更环保”之意，用比较级。故填greener。
9. 考查动词时态和语态。句意：在2018年，习近平主席提出了公园城市的概念。intrduce作本句谓语，和主语The cncept f a park city之间是被动关系，用被动语态，根据时间状语in 2018可知，用一般过去时，主语为第三人称单数。故填was intrduced。
10. 考查冠词。句意：它符合人们对更好的生活体验的需求，是一种以人为本的理念，体现在各个方面改善自然环境。空处修饰后面的单数名词imprved natural envirnment，表示“一个更好的自然环境”，imprved为元音音素开头。故填an。