必修三 Unit 2 语法：语法精讲精练---ing分词作宾语补足语和状语（原卷版+解析版）2023-2024学年高一英语下学期期末复习高效突破（人教版2019）

这是一份必修三 Unit 2 语法：语法精讲精练---ing分词作宾语补足语和状语（原卷版+解析版）2023-2024学年高一英语下学期期末复习高效突破（人教版2019），文件包含06必修三Unit2语法语法精讲精练---ing分词作宾语补足语和状语原卷版2023-2024学年高一英语下学期期末复习高效突破人教版2019docx、06必修三Unit2语法语法精讲精练---ing分词作宾语补足语和状语解析版2023-2024学年高一英语下学期期末复习高效突破人教版2019docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共21页， 欢迎下载使用。
一、动词v.­ing形式作宾语补足语
v. ­ing形式作宾语补足语时，宾语与宾语补足语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示一个正在发生的或与主语(几乎)同时发生的主动动作，动作的逻辑主语是句子的宾语。它主要用于以下两类动词后作宾语补足语。
1. 感官动词：watch, bserve, ntice, see, hear, listen t, lk at, smell, feel, find等。
I hear smene talking in the next rm.
我听到有人在隔壁谈话。
We saw the steam rising frm the wet clthes.
我们看到湿衣服上有水蒸气冒出来。
2. 使役动词：get, have, make, keep, leave等表示“使”“让”等动词后作宾语补足语。
We kept the fire burning all night lng.
我们让火烧了整整一夜。
I wn’t have yu running abut in the rm.
我不会让你在房间里跑来跑去的。
The bss kept the wrkers wrking the whle night.
老板让工人们干了一整个晚上的活。
【温馨提示】
v. ­ing(短语)与省略t的动词不定式(短语)作宾语补足语的区别：
①v.­ing(短语)作宾语补足语，表示动作正在进行，属于现场即时描述；
②省略t的动词不定式(短语)作宾语补足语，表示动作的全过程，属于一种回忆性描述。
I saw Linda whispering t Danny.
我看见琳达正在和丹尼交头接耳。(表示动作正在进行)
I saw Linda whisper t Danny.
我看见琳达和丹尼交头接耳。(表示动作的全过程)
二、动词v.­ing形式作状语
v. ­ing作状语时，用来修饰谓语动词或整个句子，常表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、方式或表示伴随、让步等，并可以转换成相应的状语从句或并列句。
动词-ing作状语的形式
e.g. The family sat n the sfa, watching a TV series.
这一家人坐在沙发上，看电视剧。
Being surrunded by many fans, the film star has t stp fr sme minutes.
因为被一些影迷包围，那位影星不得不停几分钟。
Having been tld that he wuld be invited t the cncert, he feels s excited.
因为被告知他将会被邀请去参加音乐会，他感到很高兴。
Having finished all the hmewrk, the by is playing happily in the garden.
完成所有的家庭作业，那个孩子高兴地在院子里玩着。
1. v.­ing形式作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时可由连词when, while等引出。
While reading (＝While he was reading) the bk, he ndded frm time t time.
他一边看书，一边不时地点头。
When walking dwn (＝When I was walking dwn) the street, I came acrss Tm.
沿街走路时，我偶然遇到了汤姆。
2. v.­ing形式作原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句。
Respecting his father (＝Because he respected his father), he didn’t want t argue with him.
因为尊重父亲，所以他不想和父亲争论。
Nt knwing (＝Because I didn’t knw) his address, I can’t send this bk t him.
因为不知道他的地址，我不能把这本书寄给他。
3. v.­ing形式作结果状语，表示意料中的结果。
His father died, leaving him a lt f mney.
他的父亲去世了，留给他许多钱。
Mther drew the curtain fr me, blcking ut the light.
妈妈为我拉上窗帘，把光线挡在外面。
4. v.­ing形式作伴随状语，可以放在句子的前面、后面或中间，表示主语的另一个相对次要的动作。
They std there fr half an hur watching the stars in the sky.
他们在那儿站了半小时，观察着天上的星星。
The tramp std by the dr, nt daring t say a wrd.
那个流浪汉站在门旁，不敢说一句话。
5. 动词-ing形式作状语的注意事项
①动词-ing形式作状语时，其逻辑主语要与句子主语保持一致。
Being tired, he lay n the sfa.(√)
Being tired, I asked him t lie n the sfa.(×)
②为了明确状语的类型，可在其前加上相应的连词(如when, while, whenever, if, thugh, unless等)，强调前后动作的同时性，也可以视为是状语从句的省略。
While (he was) playing sccer, he hurt his left leg.
Thugh (we are) living far away frm schl, we are never late.
③有些动词-ing形式已经成了习惯用语，修饰整个句子作状语。常见的有：judging frm/by...从...判断；suppsing...假设...；prviding that...假如...；assuming...假如...；frankly speaking...坦率的说...；generally speaking...一般来说...；cnsidering...考虑到...；seeing that...鉴于...
三、单句语法填空：
1. We were invited t attend private cncert under the stars, _________ (listen) t musicians and meeting interesting lcals.
2. China’s image is imprving steadily, with mre cuntries __________ (recgnize) its rle in internatinal affairs.
3. China is starting research int 5G, __________ (make) it ne f the first cuntries t d s.
4. When have t memrize things fr schl, I walk up and dwn in the rm, __________ (read) the ntes alud.
5. She was sitting at the table __________ (enjy) the meal tgether with her families.
6. The hspital has recently btained new medical equipment _________ (allw) mre patients t be treated.
7. Linel Messi, _________ (set) the recrd fr the mst gals in a year, is cnsidered the mst talented ftball player in Eurpe.
8. He suddenly wke up at midnight when he heard smene _________ (knck) at his dr.
9. When he was 16, Mlai began t ntice smething disturbing __________ (happen) arund his hme.
10. I always read, _________ (use) different vices, as thugh I were acting ut the stries with my vice and they lved it!
11. Our maths teacher gave us a further explanatin, __________ (make) it easier t wrk ut.
12. With time _________ (g) by, peple’s awareness f envirnmental prtectin is raised.
13. Frankly __________ (speak), the fuel resurces in the wrld are very limited.
14. Nt ___________ (be) there befre, I simply have n idea abut where the place is.
15. __________ (knw) yu are interested in Chinese histry, I feel prud.
16. His curius wrds left me ___________ (wnder) abut his real purpse. I dn’t think I shuld take them literally.
17. With the famus artist ___________ (finish) saying “Thank yu” t the crwd, he left the hall quickly.
18. Alice fund his sn sleeping sundly with the lamp ___________ (burn) when she came hme late frm wrk.
19. Sme students will have a grwing sense f fear with the exam seasn ___________ (apprach) while thers may stay fairly calm.
20. Her head and arms are missing, but yu can imagine her ___________ (hld) her arms up high, celebrating the result f an ancient battle.
21. Nw I spend three weeks ut f every mnth travelling and have ver 464,000 fans ___________ (fllw) me nline.
22. Seen frm space, the earth, with water ___________ (cver) seventy percent f its surface, lks like a blue ball.
23. Sme psychlgists suggest that ne culd imprve his perfrmance when mentally imagining himself ___________ (perfrm) well at sme back.
24. S far, the death tll has climbed t ver 2,000 frm a destructive earthquake in China’s Qinghai Prvince, with nearly 200 peple still __________ (miss).
25. This small seaside village is such a perfect place fr hlidays that visitrs never leave it __________ (feel) disappinted.
26. The hspital has recently btained new medical equipment, ___________ (allw) mre patients t be treated.
27. Linda listened intently t the pian music, ___________ (lse) herself in its beauty.
28. __________ (ccupy) himself with rutine tasks, he had n time t accmpany his children.
29. Enugh exercise and a balanced diet can help yu develp a healthy lifestyle, thus __________ (enable) yu t have mre energy.
30. __________ (measure) abut three meters in height, Bigft, the gigantic ape-like creature, started t cause public panic after being captured by camera.
31. Memries f tears and laughters came __________ (fld) back as he visited his secndary schl.
32. Cvid-19 lasted nearly half a year arund the wrld, __________ (affect) everybdy in many ways.
33. Peple sit uncmfrtably n plastic chairs, __________ (lk) thrugh ld magazines, all f which have been read hundreds f times previusly.
34. China has a lt f beautiful scenery and histric sites, __________ (attract) a number f turists every year.
35. Yesterday, President Xi delivered his New Year message t the whle cuntry, __________ (hpe) that China will achieve its beautiful dream in the new year.
36. ___________ (fllw) the teacher’s suggestin, Tm finally fund a way t settle the prblem.
37. What’s mre, when ___________ (enjy) the meal, yu need t avid making a nise.
38. He had a wnderful childhd, ___________ (travel) with his mther t all crners f the wrld.
39. China’s “fur vertical and fur hrizntal high-speed railway netwrk” has almst been cmpleted, _________ (make) China the wrld’s first cuntry with a cmplete high-speed rail netwrk in peratin.
40. __________ (teach) many times, the by still didn’t knw hw t d the exercises.
41. They thught it imprtant t lk right and left when ___________ (crss) the rad.
42. ___________ (make) several imprtant decisins based n emtin instead f reasn, he felt bitterly regretted.
43. ___________ (fcus) n the rle f lder sisters, the well-received mvie Sister has sparked discussins n whether persnal values shuld be put abve family values.
44. ___________ (start) in the Yuan Dynasty, wrk n the terraces tk hundreds f years, until its cmpletin in the early Qing Dynasty.
45. Families will enjy a big dinner with mncakes n Mid-autumn Day, __________ (admire) the mn tgether.
46. In mst cases, they tend t meet a few hurs every week __________ (depend) n their schedules.
47. At that mment, they saw a penniless yung man __________ (wander) n the pavement utside their huse.
48. On the bank f the river, we fund him __________ (lie) n a bench, with his eyes fixed n a kite in the sky.
49. At ne pint we were s high that we fund urselves __________ (cycle) thrugh cluds.
50. With the mid-term examinatin __________ (apprach), she had butterflies in her stmach and culdn’t sleep well.
【答案】1. listening 2. recgnizing 3. making 4. reading 5. enjying 6. allwing 7. having set 8. kncking 9. happening 10. using 11. making 12. ging 13. speaking 14. having been 15. Knwing 16. wndering 17. finishing 18. burning 19. appraching 20. hlding 21. fllwing 22. cvering 23. perfrming 24. missing 25. feeling 26. allwing 27. lsing 28. Occupying 29. enabling 30. Measuring 31. flding 32. affecting 33. lking 34. attracting 35. hping 36. Fllwing 37. enjying 38. travel(l)ing 39. making 40. Having been taught 41. crssing 42. Having made 43. Fcusing 44. Starting 45. admiring 46. depending 47. wandering 48. lying 49. cycling 50. appraching
高考真题回顾：
1. (2023·全国I卷) N matter where I buy them, ne steamer is rarely enugh, yet tw seems greedy, s I am always left _________ (want) mre next time.
2. (2023·全国甲卷) “There was nce a twn in the heart f America, where all life seemed t enjy peaceful existence with is surrundings,” her fable begins, ___________ (brrw) sme familiar wrds frm many age-ld fables.
3. (2023·全国乙卷) ___________ (visit) several times ver the last 10 years, I was amazed by the c-existence f ld and new, and hw a city was able t keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while cnstantly grwing.
4. (2022·全国I卷) ___________ (cver) an area abut three times the size f Yellwstne Natinal Park, the GPNP will be ne f the first natinal parks in the cuntry.
5. (2021·全国II卷) I was upset t learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, _________ (think) it is fd.
6. (2019·全国III卷) On the last day f ur week-lng stay, we were invited t attend a private cncert n a beautiful farm n the Nrth Shre under the stars, ___________ (listen) t musicians and meeting interesting lcals.
7. (2019·北京卷)Nervusly ___________ (face) challenges, I knw I will whisper t myself the tw simple wrds “Be yurself”.
8. (全国Ⅲ) The Chinese have used chpsticks fr five thusand years. Peple prbably cked their fd in large pts, ___________ (use) twigs (树枝) t remve it.
【答案与解析】
1.【解析】wanting 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处考查“leave sb+宾语补足语”，本句是被动语态，want是主语补足语，根据句意，I与want之间是主动的逻辑关系，用现在分词。故填wanting。
2. 【解析】brrwing 考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词begins，所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语her fable与brrw之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填brrwing。
3. 【解析】Having visited 考查非谓语动词。根据句中时间状语来判断，应用完成时形式。另外，这里是非谓语做状语，表示主语的另一个动作，但这个动作发生在谓语动词之前，故用-ing完成式。故填having visited。
4. 【解析】Cvering 考查非谓语动词。句意：该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，将成为中国首批国家公园之一。分析句子可知，空处应填动词非谓语形式作状语，空处和逻辑主语the GPNP为主动关系，应用现在分词形式作状语，首字母大写。故填Cvering。
5. 【解析】thinking 考查非谓语动词。句意：当我得知许多海洋动物吃塑料垃圾，以为那是食物时，我很难过。分析句子结构可知，所填的词用做状语，think与其逻辑主语many sea animals之间是主动关系，所以用动词-ing形式。故填thinking。
6. 【解析】listening 考查分词。本句谓语动词为“were invited”，所以本题空格处动词listen应用非谓语动词形式。听音乐这个动作是由we发出的，所以选用现在分词形式。也可由and前后连接两个并列的结构这一规律解题，and后meeting interesting lcals为分词形式，故空格处填listening。
7. 【解析】facing 考查非谓语动词。句意：紧张地面对挑战，我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“做你自己”。分析句式可知，此处是做句子的状语，要用非谓语动词，其逻辑主语是I，与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故填facing。
8.【解析】using 考查非谓语动词。第二句中已有谓语cked，且无其他连词，use与主句主语存在主动关系，故填现在分词形式作方式状语。故填using。
五、语篇语法填空：
(1)
Dn Ritchie was a famus Australian man. Fr nearly 50 years, he successfully stpped 160 peple frm killing 1 (they) at a cliff (悬崖), with just a kind wrd and a smile.
Dn was a real gentleman. He purpsely chse t live right acrss the street frm the cliff, just because he wanted t save lives f 2 (stranger). He wuld wake up every mrning and lk ut f the windw fr anyne 3 (stand) t clse t the edge f the cliff. If he saw smene and thught they might jump, he wuld 4 (simple) walk ver with a smile and say, “Is there smething I culd d t help yu?” That sunds very simple, 5 it wrked. Ritchie tried t have a talk with these peple and ended up inviting them back t his huse 6 tea r breakfast.
In a situatin 7 mst peple wuld turn a blind eye, with such simple actins taken by Dn, he saved 160 lives. He 8 (give) the Lcal Her Award in Australia in 2011. Dn passed away at the age f 85 in 2012. His stry 9 (tuch) the hearts f all Australians and challenged us t rethink 10 it means t be a gd neighbr.
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。在过去的50年里，Dn用自己温暖的语言和微笑阻止了160个准备在悬崖自杀的人。
1. themselves 考查代词。句意：在将近50年的时间里，他仅用一句亲切的话和一个微笑就成功地阻止了160人在悬崖边自杀。kill neself “自杀”，故填themselves。
2. strangers 考查名词的数。根据空前lives f可知，此处应使用名词的复数形式，本句意为“他故意选择住在悬崖对面，只是因为他想要拯救陌生人的生命”。故填strangers。
3. standing 考查非谓语动词。此处与anyne构成逻辑上的主谓关系，所以应使用现在分词作后置定语。故填standing。
4. simply 考查副词。此处修饰动词walk，应使用副词形式。故填simply。
5. but 考查连词。句意：这听起来很简单，但是很有效。此处前后句意存在转折关系，故填but。
6. fr 考查介词。句意：Ritchie尝试着和这些人谈一谈，最后邀请他们到他家喝茶或吃早餐。fr“为了”。故填fr。
7. where 考查定语从句的关系词。句意：在大多数人都会视而不见的情况下，Dn采取了如此简单的行动，拯救了160条生命。此处先行词是situatin，空处在从句中作状语，应使用关系副词where引导。故填where。
8. was given 考查动词的时态和语态。句意：2011年，他被授予“澳大利亚当地英雄奖”。根据句意可知，此处应使用被动语态，描述的又是2011年的事情，应使用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was given。
9. tuched 考查动词的时态。句意：他的故事触动了所有澳大利亚人的心，促使我们重新思考做一个好邻居意味着什么。此处与and后的challenged为并列谓语，应使用一般过去时。故填tuched。
10. what 考查宾语从句的引导词。句意见上题解析。此处为宾语从句，引导词在从句中作means的宾语，代指“什么”，因此应使用关系代词what引导。故填what。
(2)
A 90-year-ld has been awarded “Wman Of The Year” fr 1 (be) Britain’s ldest full-time emplyee-still wrking 40 hurs week. Nw Irene Astbury wrks frm 9 am t 5 pm daily at the pet shp in Macclesfield, 2 she pened with her late husband Les. Her years f hard wrk have 3 (final) been acknwledged after custmer nminated (提名) her t be Cheshire’s Wman Of The Year. 4 (pick) up her “Lifetime Achievement award, prud Irene declared she had n plans 5 (retire) frm her 36-year-ld business. Irene said, “I dn’t see any reasn t give up wrk. I lve cming here and seeing my family and all the friends I 6 (make) ver the years. I wrk nt because I have t, 7 because I want t Granddaughter Gayle Parks, 31, wh wrks alngside her in the family business, said it remained unknwn as t wh nminated Irene fr the award. She said, “We dn’t have any idea wh put Grandma frward. When we gt a call 8 (say) she was shrt-listed, we thught it was 9 jke. But then we gt an fficial letter and we were blwn away. We are s prud f her. It’s 10 (wnder).”
【解析】Irene Astbury坚持每天朝九晚五在自己和已故丈夫开的宠物店上班，因此而荣获“年度女性”称号。
1.being 考查非谓语动词。设空处用在介词fr后，做它的宾语，故填 being。
2. which 考查非限制性定语从句。根据句子结构可知设空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 the pet shp，且在定语从句中作宾语，指“事物”，故填 which。
3. finally 考查副词。设空处在谓语中间，修饰动词，需要用所给形容词的副词形式。故填 finally。
4. Picking 考查非谓语动词。设空处作状语，且与句子主语为主动关系。另外，用在句首，注意首字母大写。故填 Picking。
5. t retire 考查非谓语动词。设空处作前面名词 plans的定语，应用不定式。故填 t retire。
6. have made 考查时态。根据后面的时间状语 ver the years可知，设空处应该用现在完成时，故填 have made。
7. but 考查连词。设空处与前面的nt构成nt ... but ... (不是…而是…)结构。故填but。
8. saying 考查非谓语动词。设空处作 call的后置定语。名词call与动词say之间为逻辑上的主动关系，故填现在分词 saying。
9. a 考查冠词。jke为可数名词，意为“玩笑”，在此处表示泛指，故填a。
10. wnderful 考查形容词作表语。设空处作表语，表示It的特征，故填 wnderful。
(3)
In the suthern Turkish city f Antakya, a pregnant wman under the rubble (碎石) f a cllapsed building 1 (pull) ut t safety by Chinese and lcal rescue teams n Thursday, three days after the catastrphic magnitude-7.7 earthquake and its aftershcks 2 (strike) the cuntry and nrthern Syria.
Peple wh lst their hmes lked fr temprary shelter and fd in freezing winter weather and waited by piles f rubble 3 family and friends might still lie 4 (bury). The death tll in Türkiye 5 (rise) t 14,351 s far.
The Chinese rescue team, cnsisting f 82 members rushed t ne f the wrst-hit 6 (area) in Türkiye as sn as they landed at the Adana internatinal airprt n Wednesday.
7 (arrive) at the scene, the Chinese rescuers immediately jined their Turkish partners t carry ut 8 rescue plan and saved the wman, accrding t Zha Yang, deputy leader f the Chinese rescue team.
The team sent by the Chinese gvernment set t jin the internatinal rescue effrt. As f midday Thursday, 10 Chinese civilian teams 9 places including suth China’s Shenzhen and Wenzhu have already departed fr r arrived in Türkiye 10 (help) with the rescue wrk.
【导语】本文是新闻报道。文章主要讲述中国救援队援驰土耳其地震灾区的事情。
1. 考查谓语动词。句意：星期四，在土耳其南部城市安塔基亚，一名孕妇在倒塌的建筑废墟下被中国和当地救援队救出安全地带，三天前，灾难性的7.7级地震及其余震袭击了该国和叙利亚北部。分析句子结构和意思可知，这句话描述的是过去的事情，句子主语a pregnant wman和动词pull是被动关系，所以谓语用一般过去时的被动结构。主语是a pregnant wman，be动词用was。故填was pulled。
2. 考查谓语动词。句意：见第1题详解。分析句子结构和意思可知，这句话描述的是过去的事情，所以谓语用一般过去时。故填struck。
3. 考查定语从句。句意：失去家园的人们在寒冷的冬天寻找临时住所和食物，在成堆的废墟旁等待，他们的家人和朋友可能仍然被埋在地下。分析句子结构和意思可知，family and friends might still lie 4 (bury)是定语从句，先行词piles f rubble在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导。故填where。
4. 考查非谓语动词。句意：见第3题详解。分析句子结构和意思可知，动词bury和被修饰的名词family and friends是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词形式，作伴随状语。故填buried。
5. 考查谓语动词。句意：到目前为止，土耳其的死亡人数达到14351人。分析句子结构和意思可知，这句话有s far作时间状语，所以谓语用现在完成时，主语是The death tll，助动词用has。故填has risen。
6. 考查名词的数。句意：周三，由82名队员组成的中国救援队在阿达纳国际机场降落后，立即赶往土耳其受灾最严重的地区之一。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里要用名词的复数形式，表示泛指。ne f+名词复数，意为“...之一”。故填areas。
7. 考查非谓语动词。句意：据中国救援队副队长赵阳介绍，中国救援人员抵达现场后，立即与土耳其合作伙伴一起实施了一项救援计划，并救出了这名女子。分析句子结构和意思可知，动词arrive是句子主语the Chinese rescuers主动发出的动作，和谓语动词jined几乎同时发生，所以用现在分词形式，表示主动和同时。故填Arriving。
8. 考查冠词。句意：见第7题详解。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里的名词plan是表示泛指，“一个”的意思，空格后rescue的第一个音素是辅音音素，所以用a。故填a。
9. 考查介词。句意：截至周四中午，来自中国南部深圳和温州等地的10支中国民间救援队已经出发或抵达土耳其，协助救援工作。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要介词frm，意为“来自于……”。故填frm。
10. 考查非谓语动词。句意：见第9题详解。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要用动词不定式作目的状语。故填t help。
(4)
The celebratins f Chinese New Year, als 1 (call) Chinese Spring Festival, were brn ut f fear and myth (神话). Legend (传说) spke f the wild beast Nian (which als is the wrd fr “year”) 2 appeared at the end f each year, 3 (attack) villagers. Lud nises and bright lights were used 4 (scare) the beast away, and the Chinese New Year celebratins were brn. Tday, the Spring Festival 5 (bserve) with a week f vacatin in China. Much like the Western New Year (January 1st), the biggest celebratin is n the eve f the hliday.
The Chinese New Year’s Eve meal is the mst imprtant dinner f the year. 6 (typical), families gather at a designated (指定的) relative’s huse fr dinner, but these days, mre and mre families chse t hld New Year’s Eve dinner at a restaurant. Many restaurants require 7 (reserve) mnths ahead.
There are als sme families that hire (雇用) a prfessinal chef t cme ck at hme. Chefs are ften busy running frm ne hme 8 anther cking dinners fr different families n New Year’s Eve.
Chinese New Year is a 15-day celebratin and each day, many families take turns t hld celebratins amng hmes f 9 (they) relatives. The festivities are day-lng and smetimes, a family ends up cking tw meals fr relatives, nce at lunch 10 nce at dinner.
【答案】1. called 2. that/which 3. attacking 4. t scare 5. is bserved 6. Typically 7. reservatins 8. t 9. their 10. and
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍中国新年的庆祝活动。
1. 考查非谓语动词。句意：中国新年的庆祝活动，也叫中国春节，源于恐惧和神话。分析句子结构和意思可知，动词call和被修饰的名词Chinese New Year是逻辑上的动宾关系，用过去分词形式，表示被动，作后置定语。故填called。
2. 考查定语从句。句意：传说野兽年（也就是“年”的意思），每年年底出现，攻击村民。分析句子结构和意思可知，空格处引导定语从句修饰先行词the wild beast Nian，在从句中作主语，指物，用关系代词that/which引导。故填that/which。
3. 考查非谓语动词。句意：见第2题详解。分析句子结构和意思可知，动词attack是被修饰的名词the wild beast Nian主动发出的动作，用现在分词形式，表示主动，作状语。故填attacking。
4. 考查非谓语动词。句意：巨大的噪音和明亮的灯光被使用来吓跑野兽，中国的新年庆祝活动诞生了。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要用动词不定式，be used t d，意为“被用来做某事”。故填t scare。
5. 考查谓语动词。句意：今天，中国春节被用放假一周来庆祝。分析句子结构和Tday可知，这句话描述的是现在的事实，谓语用一般现在时，动词bserve和句子主语the Spring Festival是动宾关系，用被动语态结构，主语是the Spring Festival，be动词用is。故填is bserved。
6. 考查副词。句意：通常情况下，家庭会聚集在指定的亲戚家里吃饭，但现在，越来越多的家庭选择在餐馆吃年夜饭。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要副词，作状语，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Typically。
7. 考查名词的数。句意：许多餐馆要求提前几个月预订。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要名词，作宾语，用复数形式，表示泛指。故填reservatins。
8. 考查介词短语。句意：除夕夜，厨师们经常忙于从一个家跑到另一个家，为不同的家庭烹饪晚餐。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查介词短语frm…t…，意为“从……到……”。故填t。
9. 考查代词。句意：中国的新年是一个为期15天的庆祝活动，每天，许多家庭轮流在他们的亲属家中举行庆祝活动。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要形容词性物主代词，作定语，修饰后面的名词relatives。故填their。
10. 考查连词。句意：庆祝活动是一整天的，有时，一家人会为亲戚做两顿饭，一顿在午餐时，另一顿在晚餐时。分析句子结构和意思可知，上下文nce at lunch和nce at dinner是并列关系，用连词and。故填and。
(5)
During his lifetime (frm 551 t 479 BC), Cnfucius saw 1 (grw) disrder and injustice in the sciety. Due t the prblems he saw, he devted 2 (he) t develping a new set f mral rules 3 (base) n five virtues: respect, kindness, hnesty, truthfulness and lyalty (忠诚). These virtues later became the basis fr religius and mral life thrughut China.
Respect and lyalty were tw 4 (particular) imprtant crnerstnes in Cnfucius’ mral 5 (principle). They have been extended t the living as well as the dead, and paying respect t ancestrs has becme 6 extremely imprtant Chinese traditin.
Cnfucius als believed that a gd gvernment was the basis fr a 7 (peace) and happy sciety. And the basis fr a gd gvernment was gd fficials. In rder t becme a gd fficial, a persn was required 8 (master) the abve five virtues.
Althugh Cnfucius was a member f the upper class, he believed educatin and knwledge belnged 9 anyne wh had the desire t learn. S he pened a schl in his big huse, in 10 many f his pr students lived with him.
【答案】1. grwing 2. himself 3. based 4. particularly 5. principles 6. an 7. peaceful 8. t master 9. t 10. which
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了孔子的思想体系及其对中国产生的深远影响。
1. 考查非谓语动词。句意：在孔子的一生中（公元前551年至公元前479年），他看到了社会上日益混乱和不公正的现象。分析该句成分可知，所填词在此处作定语，修饰disrder and injustice。而且grw与disrder and injustice之间存在逻辑上的主动关系，需用现在分词。故填grwing。
2. 考查反身代词。句意：由于他看到的问题，他致力于发展一套基于五种美德的新道德规则：尊重、善良、诚实、真实和忠诚。此句主语是he,谓语动词后面的宾语是he，即主语和宾语是同一人，而且devte neself t sth意为“投身于某事”，为固定搭配。故填himself。
3. 考查非谓语动词。句意：由于他看到的问题，他致力于发展一套基于五种美德的新道德规则：尊重、善良、诚实、真实和忠诚。分析该句成分可知，所填词在此处作后置定语，修饰rules。而且base与rules之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，需用过去分词。故填based。
4. 考查副词。句意：尊重和忠诚是孔子道德原则的两个特别重要的基石。所填词在此处修饰形容词imprtant,作状语，修饰形容词需要用副词形式。所以需转化为该形容词的副词形式particularly。故填particularly。
5. 考查名词复数。句意：尊重和忠诚是孔子道德原则的两个特别重要的基石。principle指的是前面提到的五大道德准则，所以需用所给名词的复数形式。故填principles。
6. 考查冠词。句意：他们已经扩展到生者和死者，对祖先的尊敬已经成为一种极其重要的中国传统。traditin为单数可数名词，表示泛称，故用不定冠词，又因为空后的extremely为元音音素开头的单词，因此用不定冠词an。故填an。
7. 考查形容词。句意：孔子还认为，一个好的政府是一个和平与幸福社会的基础。分析该句成分可知，所填词在此处与happy一起修饰sciety，作定语，故用所给名词的形容词形式peaceful。故填peaceful。
8. 考查不定式。句意：为了成为一个好的官员，一个人必须掌握以上五种美德。be required t d sth是固定短语，意为“被要求做某事”。故填t master。
9. 考查介词。句意： 尽管孔子是上流社会的一员，但他相信教育和知识属于任何有学习欲望的人。belng t 是固定短语，意为“属于”。故填t。
10. 考查定语从句。句意：所以，他在自己的大房子里开了一所学校，他的许多贫困学生都和他住在一起。分析句子结构可知，该句是由“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词为huse，在定语从句中充当地点状语，需用关系副词where.关系副词where=介词+which结构，前面有介词in，所以填关系代词which即可。故填which。
主动形式
被动形式
时态意义
语态意义
一般式
ding
being dne
与谓语动词动作(几乎)同时发生
主动形式：与句子主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系
被动形式：与句子主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系
完成式
having dne
having been dne
明确表示先于谓语动词动作发生