【暑假衔接】高中英语 新高三（高二升高三）自学课第06讲 非谓语动词讲 与练 -【教师版+学生版】讲义

这是一份【暑假衔接】高中英语 新高三（高二升高三）自学课第06讲 非谓语动词讲 与练 -【教师版+学生版】讲义，文件包含暑假衔接高中英语新高三高二升高三自学课第06讲非谓语动词讲与练-教师版docx、暑假衔接高中英语新高三高二升高三自学课第06讲非谓语动词讲与练-学生版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共19页， 欢迎下载使用。
掌握非谓语动词的形式及区别
正确运用非谓语动词
【基础知识】
原则1 了解句法功能，分析句子结构，判断句子成分，确定非谓语动词形式
非谓语动词在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、状语、定语、补语多种成分，理解非谓语动词的句法功能，判断出其应作哪种成分是解题的关键。
①作伴随状语和结果状语时用现在分词
Mre highways have been built in China, making it much easier fr peple t travel frm ne place t anther.
中国又建了更多的高速公路，这使人们的出行变得更容易了。(表结果)
All night lng he lay awake, thinking f the prblem.
他整夜躺在床上睡不着，思考着那个问题。(表伴随)
[特别提醒] 源于系表结构的部分过去分词作状语，表示句子主语所处的一种状态，常见的有：seated (坐着的)，devted (专注的)，lst/absrbed in (沉溺于)，dressed in (穿着)等。
Absrbed in his bk, he didn't ntice me enter the rm.
他专注读书，没注意到我进入房间。
②作目的状语时用不定式，且只能用不定式的一般式
●非谓语动词作目的状语，要想到用不定式。
T make it easier t get in tuch with us, yu'd better keep this card at hand.
为了更容易与我们取得联系，你最好随身带着这张卡片。
●非谓语动词作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果要想到用不定式，表示必然的结果要想到用现在分词。
He hurried t the statin nly t find that the train had left.
他匆匆赶到车站结果却发现火车已经离开了。(表出乎意料的结果)
●非谓语动词作原因状语，表示“喜怒哀乐”的形容词要想到用不定式；非谓语动词作时间状语、条件状语和原因状语等要想到用分词。
I am nly t glad t see everything settled.
看到一切问题都解决了，我很高兴。
Being tired, he went t bed early.
因为很累，他很早就睡了。
③作主语时常用动名词，作介词的宾语时一定用动名词
●分析句子成分，如果一个经常性、习惯性的动作作主语，常用v.－ing形式。
Knwing basic first－aid techniques will help yu respnd quickly t emergencies.
掌握基本的急救技能将有助于你在遇到紧急情况时迅速做出反应。
●介词和带介词t的固定搭配一定跟v.－ing作宾语。
I'm lking frward t hearing frm yu as sn as pssible.
我希望尽快收到你的来信。
④作表语时指物用v.－ing，指人用v.－ed形式
●牢记v.－ing作表语或定语时常指物，v.－ed作表语或定语时常指人。
He was very shcked t learn the shcking news that his wife was killed in a traffic accident.
得知他的妻子在交通事故中死亡这一令人震惊的消息时，他非常吃惊。
原则2 利用固定搭配或习惯用法，确定非谓语动词形式
①牢记用v.－ing/t d形式作宾语的词(短语)
●接v.－ing形式作宾语的常用动词(短语)有：suggest, risk, imagine, mind, admit, practice, allw, avid, delay, include, deny, escape, advise, finish, miss, frgive, cnsider, recmmend, frbid, give up, insist n, lk frward t, feel like, get dwn t, bject t, devte ... t, pay attentin t等。
I avided mentining the subject in case he shuld be ffended.
我回避提及这个话题，以免冒犯他。
●接t d形式作宾语的常用动词(短语)有：decide, refuse, prmise, pretend, hesitate, manage, plan, fail, chse, desire, hpe, affrd, agree, learn, determine, demand, ffer, make up ne's mind, wuld like等。
Nervus and anxius, Jill failed t make a gd impressin at the jb interview.
又紧张又焦虑，吉尔没有在面试中给人留下好印象。
●有些动词或动词短语既可接不定式作宾语，也可接动名词作宾语，但表示的含义不同。
meaneq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(t d sth 打算做某事,ding sth 意味着做某事))
frgeteq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(t d sth 忘记去做某事未做,ding sth 忘记做过某事已做))
remembereq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(t d sth 记着去做某事未做,ding sth 记得做过某事已做))
regreteq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(t d sth 遗憾地要去做某事未做,ding sth 后悔做过某事已做))
tryeq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(t d sth 尽力做某事,ding sth 试着做某事))
g neq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(t d sth 继续做另外一件事,ding sth 继续做同一件事))
can't helpeq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(t d sth 不能帮助做某事,ding sth 情不自禁地做某事))
I regret t tell yu that he didn't take yur applicatin int cnsideratin.
我很遗憾地告诉你他没有考虑你的申请。
I regret making rude cmments n yur appearance.
我很后悔对你的外表做了粗鲁的评论。
②掌握非谓语动词的几种句型公式
●不定式作宾语补足语
tell/rder/persuade/frce/warn/encurage/ask/invite＋sb t d sth
I'd like t invite yu t take part in the activity.
我想邀请你参加这项活动。
●用省略“t”的不定式作宾语补足语的动词：“五看；三使；二听；一感觉”。
五看：lk at/watch/ntice/see/bserve sb d sth；
三使：make/have/let sb d sth；
二听：listen t/hear sb d sth；
一感觉：feel sb d sth。
The bss made the wrkers d the wrk all day.
老板迫使工人们整天干活。
●用于it形式主语结构中
It＋be＋名词或形容词(n gd/n use/a pleasure/wrthwhile/useless)＋动词－ing；
It＋be＋形容词(difficult/kind/clever等)＋fr/f sb t d sth；
It＋takes＋sb＋sme time＋t d sth
As is knwn t us, it's n use cmplaining withut taking actin.
众所周知，只抱怨不采取行动没用。
③with复合结构中补足语的比较
witheq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(sb/sth ding表主动、进行,sth dne表被动、完成,sth t d表将来))
With s many peple lking at him, he felt very nervus.
那么多人看着他，他感到很紧张。
With the prblem slved, the quality has been imprved.
问题解决了，质量也提高了。
④有些非谓语动词形式的固定结构需牢记
cnsidering that 鉴于，考虑到
judging by/frm 从……来判断
suppsing/prviding/prvided/assuming that ... 假定，假设
cmpared with/t 与……相比
Michael's new huse is like a huge palace, cmpared with his ld ne.
与迈克尔的旧房子比起来，他的新房子像个大宫殿。
原则3 理清逻辑关系，确定非谓语动词形式
解答非谓语动词的试题时，要能辨明其与逻辑主语的关系为主动关系还是被动关系，主动考虑用v.－ing形式，被动则考虑用v.－ed形式。
①非谓语动词作定语
若非谓语动词作定语，与其逻辑主语为主动关系时用现在分词，为被动关系时用过去分词。
“Things lst never cme again！” I culdn't help talking t myself.
我不禁自言自语：“覆水难收啊！”
Last night, there were millins f peple watching the pening ceremny live n TV.
昨晚，有上百万的人观看开幕式的电视直播。
②非谓语动词作状语/补语
●若非谓语动词作状语，则其逻辑主语是句子的主语。若句子的主语是分词动作的发出者，即主谓关系，则用现在分词形式；若句子的主语是分词动作的承受者，即动宾关系，则用过去分词。
Translated int English, the sentence was fund t have an entirely different wrd rder.
这个句子被译成英语后，被发现有一个完全不同的语序。
Hearing the gd news, they were all excited.
听到这个消息，他们都非常激动。
●若非谓语动词作宾语补足语，则其逻辑主语是句子的宾语。若宾语是分词动作的发出者，即主谓关系，且强调进行，则用现在分词形式；若宾语是分词动作的承受者，即动宾关系，则用过去分词。
I saw him climbing the fence just nw.
我刚才看见他在爬栅栏。
A villager saw the little girl taken away by a middle－aged lady.
一位村民看见这个小女孩被一位中年妇女带走了。
原则4 根据动作先后及逻辑关系，确定非谓语动词形式
做题时，我们要根据非谓语动词与谓语动词的动作发生的先后顺序，去确定非谓语动词的时态，根据其与逻辑主语的主被动关系去确定语态。
We are invited t a party t be held in ur club next Friday.
我们被邀请参加下星期五在我们俱乐部举办的晚会。
Having been tld many times, he still culdn't understand it.
被告知了多次，他仍旧不明白。
【考点剖析】
1.现在分词和过去分词作状语
现在分词作状语表示的动作与句子主语之间为逻辑上的主谓关系；过去分词作状语表示的动作与句子主语之间为逻辑上的动宾关系。
[典例1] During a thunderstrm, static electricity in the cluds builds up, eventually (burst) int lightning.
[典例2] Eating sil can prduce mre effective results (cmpare) t eating slimming pills, claimed researchers frm an Australian university.
2.现在分词和过去分词作前置定语和表语
作前置定语和表语时，现在分词和过去分词都相当于形容词，前者意为“令人……的”，后者意为“感到……的”。
[典例1] I quickly lwer myself, ducking my head t avid lking directly int his eyes s he desn't feel (challenge)．
[典例2] It fund that, against the cmmnly (see) “nt mre than 3 percent rule” f translated literature's presence in the English­language bk markets, the number fr 2018 was 5.63 percent in Britain and the ttal annual sales was wrth $27.1 millin.
[典例3] Students attend lectures n the histry f mvable type alng with (interest) classes n typesetting and printing.
【真题演练】
（2021年全国高考甲卷）It is pssible (walk) r bike the entire 14 kilmeters.
（2021年全国高考甲卷）After (spend) sme time lking at all the defensive equipment at the wall,
（2021年全国高考乙卷）·Minimize the impact f (visit)the place.
（2021年全国高考乙卷）Kmd Natinal Park, fficially recgnized in 1980, is ppular fr ecturism because f its unique bidiversity activities there range frm whale watching t hiking(远足)and accmmdatins aim (have) a lw impact n the natural envirnment.
（2021年浙江高考1）Tn 1985，urban men and wmen in mre than three quarters f the cuntries (study) had higher BMIs than men and wmen in rural areas.
（2021年浙江高考1）This may be due t sme disadvantages fr peple (live) in the cuntryside,
【过关检测】
1．It's easy fr yu t ________ (attack) when yu are in red in frnt f a bull（公牛）
2．His plan is ________ (buy) new cmputer fr his sn as a reward fr his gd behavir at schl.
3．________ (see) is t believe. I wn't believe It until I see it by myself.
4．I think I must watch TV nw, Dad. I can't wait ________ (knw)which team will win the game.
5．Whether travelling abrad will d harm t the senir r gd remains ________ (see).
6．The clthes that my mther bught yesterday are easy________ (wash)．
7．Faced with s many difficulties, I was at a lss what ________(d) next.
8．The huse ________ (build)there next year will be a library.
9．The thief managed t avid ________ (recgnize) by security guards.
10．Experts suggest ________(cmbine) yur thery with practice, which will achieve dramatic results.
11．Neighbrs devted their spare time t ________ (help) thers rebuild.
12．I appreciate yur________ (ring) back t me s timely.
13．Please tell me the after-service f the cmputer; I’m wrried abut there ________ (be) a breakdwn smetime.
14．Nt nly d these pyramids have mystic qualities，but they are truly a site t ________ (behld)．
15．It tk her three hurs________(repair) her bike.
16．He hurried t the airprt, nly ________ (tell) that the plane had taken ff.
17．The plice are said _____________(undertake) detailed investigatins int the case at present.
18．N ne is allwed, n matter wh he is, _________(enter) the rm unless he has a permit.
19．________(sleep) mre in the mrning, Bb turned ff the alarm n purpse.
20．Bamb plants are assciated with health, abundance and a happy hme. They are easy ______ (care) fr and make great presents.
21．The aim f the curse is ________ (help) students t cmprehend the structure f cntemprary histry.
22．The dinner party was a success, but we thught it was a pity nt ________(invite) yu.
23．After ________ (expse) t the strng radiatin fr a lng time, thse wrkers are suffering wrse and wrse health cnditins.
24．________(educate) in a famus university is what mst students desire fr.
25．Their___________(cme) t help was a great encuragement t us.
26．The perfrmances given at the pening ceremny f the sprts meeting are varied, __________ (range) frm dancing t fashin shws.
27．The message __________ (cnvey) in this cartn is apparent—actins speak luder than wrds.
28．Students wndered if the canteen culd make spicy htchptch n the secnd flr quicker ________(make).
29．The teacher entered the hall, ________ (fllw) by a grup f his students.
30．With his attentin ________ (fix) n the jb at hand, Aziz has n time t relax.
31．Rather than ________ the plane all the way, they decided ________ t Vancuver.
A．taking, flyingB．take, t flyC．take, t flyingD．t take, t fly
Newtn is cnsidered _______ a gifted scientist with very human weaknesses wh std at the pint in histry _______ magic ended and science began.
A．t be; thatB．being; whichC．t be; whereD．been; when
The gvernment has t clse thse small factries t prevent the water f the river________.
A．pllutingB．frm pllutingC．being pllutedD．frm plluted
34．The film star wears sunglasses. Therefre, he can g shpping withut ___________.
A．recgnizingB．being recgnized
C．having recgnizedD．having been recgnized
35．Mike’s never willing t change his mind. It’s n use ________ with him.
A．t argueB．arguingC．arguedD．have been argued
36．This X-ray machine desn't wrk, s it needs ________ fr further use.
A．t repairB．repairingC．repairedD．being repaired
非谓语动词形式
意义
过去分词
表示被动、完成
不定式的被动式
表示被动且尚未发生
现在分词的被动式
表示被动、进行
动名词的被动式
表示被动
非谓语动词的完成式
非谓语动作发生在谓语动作之前