【暑假衔接】高中英语 新高三（高二升高三）自学课第16讲 七选五-【教师版+学生版】讲义

这是一份【暑假衔接】高中英语 新高三（高二升高三）自学课第16讲 七选五-【教师版+学生版】讲义，文件包含暑假衔接高中英语新高三高二升高三自学课第16讲七选五-教师版docx、暑假衔接高中英语新高三高二升高三自学课第16讲七选五-学生版docx等2份学案配套教学资源，其中学案共23页， 欢迎下载使用。
1.了解七选五考查方向
2.掌握七选五做题技巧
【基础知识】
考查以说明文为主；内容、主题多是社会生活和文化科技；题型以段中为主，段首和段尾为辅。其中有非完整句的考查情况。
选材注重两方面，一是贴近生活、新颖、时代性强的材料；二是逻辑严密、结构严谨、层次分明，突出篇章结构的整体理解，侧重逻辑思维能力。
解题流程
01.段首类
设空处在段首通常为主旨句，有时也可能为承上启下句。
1 主旨句
解题指导 在某段的段首设空的类型常为该段的主旨句，常以小标题或主题句的形式出现。首先要认真阅读该段内容，尤其是设空处后面一两句的内容，去确定关键信息，然后从各选项中查找与关键信息相关的词句和信息，来确定答案。一般情况下，正确答案与设空后的第一句在意义上是紧密衔接的，内容上是连贯且符合逻辑的。
[典例] (2020·全国卷Ⅰ)
●__37__ D nt fllw the peple wh make yu feel nt­gd­enugh. Why d yu fllw them? Are yu hping that eventually yu will feel empwered because yur life is better than theirs? Knw that yur life is yur wn; yu are the nly yu in this wrld.
F．Stp cmparing yurself with thers.
2 承上启下句
解题指导 在段首设空的类型有时也可能起承上启下的作用，此时既要熟悉上一段内容，又要去结合下一段所讲。做题时要联系上下文，把握逻辑关系，分析所选答案是否能将两段内容连贯起来。
[典例] (2018·全国卷Ⅲ)
“I adre dancing，” says Lester Bridges, the wner f a dance studi in Iwa. “I can't imagine ding anything else with my life.” Bridges runs dance classes fr all ages. “Teaching dance is wnderful. My lder students say it makes them feel yung. It's great t watch them. Fr many f them, it's a way f meeting peple and having a scial life.”
__38__ “I can tell yu abut ne yung cuple，” says Bridges. “They're learning t d traditinal dances. They arrive at the class in lw spirits and they leave with a smile. Dancing seems t change their feeling cmpletely.”
A．S why d we dance?
02.段中类
段中设空的题目即为主题句的展开句。此种类型要注意分析前后的逻辑性和内容的连贯性，注意句子之间的衔接手法。做题时，首先要依据信息词将选项进行排除，然后将剩下的可能答案逐一代入，看哪个选项能和设空处的前后内容达到语意连贯及逻辑通顺，从而最终确定最佳选项，得出答案。以下为依据逻辑关系去解题的常用方法：
1 并列或递进关系
解题指导 并列或递进关系是指后一句对前一句是一种顺承逻辑关系。常见的表示并列关系的标志性词语有first(ly), secnd(ly), third(ly), next/then, finally/last, first f all, fr ne thing, fr anther thing, sme ... thers ..., t begin with, t cnclude等；常见的表示递进关系的标志性词语有als, further, furthermre, likewise, similarly, mrever, in additin, what's mre, nt nly ... but als ...等。
[典例] (2020·山东高考)
Yur gal is nt t be a perfect public speaker. __19__ And like everything else in life, that takes practice. Remember, even wrld champin athletes practice their skills n a cnsistent basis.
B．Yu want t be an effective public speaker.
2 转折或让步关系
解题指导 转折或让步关系是指后一句对前一句构成逆转逻辑关系。常见表示转折或让步关系的标志性词语有but, hwever, nevertheless, still, yet, while/thugh/althugh, r/therwise, instead, n the cntrary, in cntrast, in cmparisn, by cmparisn等。
[典例] (2019·全国卷Ⅰ)
We all grew up hearing peple tell us t “g ut and get sme fresh air”. __36__ Accrding t recent studies, the answer is a big YES, if the air quality in yur camping area is gd.
E．But is fresh air really as gd fr yu as yur mther always said?
3 因果关系
解题指导 因果关系是指后一句为前一句的结果(有时也为原因)。常见的标志性词语有s, therefre, thus, cnsequently, as a result (f), s/such ... that ..., s that, result in/frm, lead t, due t, thanks t, wing t等。
[典例] (2020·浙江高考)
My mther als encuraged me t make what I wanted. I tried making ty cars with cardbard bxes and cnstructing buildings frm leftver cardbard and bits f wd my father gave me. When my mther saw my creatins, she tld me hw creative my designs were. __34__ I learned a lt abut hw t extend the life f bjects and transfrm them int smething new and useful. It was a trait (特点) thers fund helpful, and I sn had friends wh wanted t make things with me.
F．Thus, I began my lifelng interest in making things.
4 例证关系
解题指导 例证关系是前后句的某句是为了证明或解释另一句而举的例子。例证的形式具有多样性，思维过程基本是归纳(从例子到观点)和推理(从观点到例子)。常见的标志性词语有fr example, fr instance, in fact/as a matter f fact, actually, in ther wrds, that is (t say)等。
[典例] (2016·全国卷Ⅰ)
There are three main types f cryptgraphy. __37__ Fr example, the first letters f “My elephant eats t many eels” spell ut the hidden message “Meet me.”
E．Yu can hide a message by having the first letters f each wrd spell it ut.
03.段尾类
段尾设空的类型多为总结本段内容，偶有起承上启下的作用。
1 总结概括句
解题指导 做题时一要注意设空的前一句或前两三句；二要注意在选项中查找thus, therefre, hence, s, as a result, in a wrd, in shrt, t cnclude, t sum up等表示结果、结论、总结的词语；三要注意与前文的逻辑关系，找到关键的线索词句，如表示转折、并列、排比等关系。如果在文章第一段的段尾设空，要认真阅读看此处是细节还是主题。通常文章的第一段要提出主题，如果在段尾提出主题，常用一些信号词(如转折词)引出来，正确答案中应有这样的信号词。
[典例] (2019·北京高考)
If a basketball star is, fr example, trying t gain a high persnal pint ttal, he may take a sht himself when it wuld be better t pass the ball t a teammate, affecting the team's perfrmance. Yung children learning t play team sprts are ften tld, “There is n I in TEAM.” __49__
D．Stars apparently d nt fllw this basic principle f sprtsmanship.
2 承上启下句
解题指导 做题时如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联，此时要考虑与下一段开头是否有衔接，要认真阅读下一段的开头几句，看是否能紧密联系起来。
[典例1] (2018·浙江高考)
Mving int a new hme in a new neighbrhd is an exciting experience. Of curse, yu want t make sure that yu becme an accepted and valuable part f yur new neighbrhd. The easiest way t accmplish this is t make sure yu cnduct yurself as a gd neighbr shuld. __31__
G．Here are a few tips t help yu win ver everyne in the neighbrhd quickly.
【考点剖析】
(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)In an nline class, develping healthy patterns f cmmunicatin with prfessrs is very imprtant. __36__While I have nly listed tw f each, there are bviusly many ther situatins that can arise. Students shuld be able t extend the lgic (逻辑) f each t their particular circumstance.
D's
•__37__Questins abut subject cntent are generally welcmed. Befre asking questins abut the curse design, read the syllabus (教学大纲) and learning management system infrmatin t be sure the answer isn't hiding in plain sight.
•Participate in discussin frums (论坛), blgs and ther pen­ended frums fr dialgue. __38__ Be sure t stay n tpic and nt ffer irrelevant infrmatin. Make a pint, and make it safe fr thers t d the same.
Dn'ts
•Dn't share persnal infrmatin r stries. Prfessrs are nt trained nurses, financial aid experts r yur best friends. If yu are in need f a deadline extensin, simply explain the situatin t the prfessr. __39__
•Dn't penly express annyance at a prfessr r class. __40__ When a student attacks a prfessr n the scial media, the language used actually says mre abut the student. If there is truly a cncern abut a prfessr's prfessinalism r ability, be sure t use nline curse evaluatins t calmly ffer yur cmments.
A．That's what they are fr.
B．Turn t an nline instructr fr help.
C．If mre infrmatin is needed, they will ask.
D．Remember that nline prfessrs get a lt f emails.
E．Belw are sme cmmn d's and dn'ts fr nline learners.
F．Everyne has taken a nt­s­great class at ne time r anther.
G．Ask questins, but make sure they are gd, thughtful questins.
[真题演练]
A
(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)A husewarming party is a special party t be held when smene buys r mves int a new apartment r huse. The persn wh bught the huse r mved is the ne wh thrws the party. The party is a chance fr friends and family t cngratulate the persn n the new hme. __36__ And it is a gd time t fill the new space with lve and hpefully presents.
__37__ Sme peple register a list f things they want r need fr their new hme at a lcal stre r stres. Sme cmmn things peple will put n a gift registry include kitchen tls like knives and things like curtains. Even if there isn't a registry, a gd husewarming gift is smething t decrate the new huse with, like a piece f art r a plant.
__38__ This is ften appreciated since at a husewarming there isn't a lt f fd served. There are usually n planned activities like games at a husewarming party. The hst r hstess f the party will, hwever, prbably give all the guests a tur f their new hme. Smetimes, because a husewarming party happens shrtly after a persn mves int their new hme, peple may be asked t help unpack bxes. __39__
Husewarming parties get their name frm the fact that a lng time ag peple wuld actually bring firewd t a new hme as a gift. __40__ Nw mst hmes have central heating and dn't use fires t keep warm.
A．This isn't usual thugh.
B．It is traditinal t bring a gift t a husewarming party.
C．Yu can als bring fd r drinks t share with the ther guests.
D．If yu're lucky enugh t receive gifts, keep them in a safe place.
E．It als gives peple a chance t see what the new hme lks like.
F．The best husewarming parties encurage ld friends t get tgether.
G．This was s that the persn culd keep their hme warm fr the winter.
(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Clr is fundamental in hme design—smething yu'll always have in every rm. A grasp f hw t manage clr in yur spaces is ne f the first steps t creating rms yu'll lve t live in. D yu want a rm that's full f life? Prfessinal? Or are yu just lking fr a place t relax after a lng day? __36__， clr is the key t making a rm feel the way yu want it t feel.
Over the years, there have been a number f different techniques t help designers apprach this imprtant pint. __37__， they can get a little cmplex. But gd news is that there're really nly three kinds f decisins yu need t make abut clr in yur hme: the small nes, the medium nes, and the large nes.
__38__. They're the little spts f clr like thrw pillws, mirrrs and baskets that mst f us use t add visual interest t ur rms. Less tiring than painting yur walls and less expensive than buying a clrful sfa, small clr chices bring with them the significant benefit f being easily changeable.
Medium clr chices are generally furniture pieces such as sfas, dinner tables r bkshelves. __39__. They require a bigger cmmitment than smaller nes, and they have a mre pwerful effect n the feeling f a space.
The large clr decisins in yur rms cncern the walls, ceilings, and flrs. Whether yu're lking at wallpaper r paint, the time, effrt and relative expense put int it are significant. __40__.
A．While all f them are useful
B．Whatever yu're lking fr
C．If yu're experimenting with a clr
D．Small clr chices are the nes we're mst familiar with
E．It's nt really a gd idea t use t many small clr pieces
F．S it pays t be sure, because yu want t get it right the first time
G．Clr chices in this range are a step up frm the small nes in tw majr ways
【过关检测】
Creative vending (售卖) machine prints shrt
stries t read while yu wait
Recently, inventive vending machines have becme ppular arund France. __1__ Created by literature­lving cmpany Shrt Editin, these savvy stalls (货摊) prmise t help pass the time, whether yu're waiting at the airprt, stuck at the train statin, r even accmpanying yur friend n the trip t the mall.
__2__ T use these wnderful and creative inventins, simply chse yur desired reading time: 1 minute, 3 minutes, r 5 minutes. Then, the machine will surprise yu with a randmly­selected shrt stry t ccupy yur time and make waiting arund a bit mre bearable—at least fr a cuple f minutes!
The “Shrt Stry Dispenser” first debuted (亮相) at Paris' bustling Charles de Gaulle Airprt last year. __3__ If yu'd like t learn mre abut the lcatins f these lvely literary ases, check ut the Shrt Editin website. __4__
__5__ All yu have t d is chse the length f time yu'd like t spend reading. And lk! Out cmes a little piece f literature.
A．Fewer peple read shrt stries these days.
B．Using a “Shrt Stry Dispenser” is simple.
C．Hw d yu kill a few minutes while waiting fr a bus r train?
D．Since then, the ppular machines have been fixed in varius public places acrss the cuntry.
E．Shrt Editin, a library f shrt literature, has fixed unique vending machines that print ut shrt stries.
F．Instead f selling sweet treats r sugary drinks, hwever, these machines distribute shrt stries.
G．Pretty in design and minimal in effrt, each vending machine ffers an appealing way fr custmers t kill time.
The imprtance f self­imprvement ften ges unnticed. Truth is—yu can't run away frm yurself. The idea shuld be t fcus n cntinuus self­develpment at every stage f life.
__1__
Increase Self­awareness.
The first step f self­imprvement asks yu t becme mre self­aware. Self­awareness is an nging jurney. As life ges n, yu meet with different experiences and challenges. __2__ T be n the path f self­imprvement, it's imprtant t never lse tuch with yurself.
Enhance Strengths.
Self­imprvement lets yu identify yur persnal strengths. __3__ It gives yu a better understanding f what yu are wrking and where yu are likely t be prmising. It helps yu set life gals and make them happen.
Step Out f the Cmfrt Zne.
Chsing t wrk n imprving yurself requires yu t step ut f yur cmfrt zne. It lets yu face yur fears, try new things, and challenge yurself. There will be times when yu'll discver a new side f yur persnality. __4__ Dn't let failures get yu frustrated. And never get self­satisfied and t cmfrtable in familiar spaces because life begins utside yur cmfrt zne.
__5__
Peple wh're invested in their cntinuus self­imprvement cme with an extremely psitive attitude twards learning. Instead f being ignrant and escaping frm their prblems, they make it a pint t learn frm their mistakes t grw and succeed. This is a wnderful quality t have as having a learning attitude is essential in achieving success.
A．Frm a Psitive Attitude.
B．Develp a Learning Attitude.
C．And knwing yur strengths is imprtant.
D．Hwever, there'll als be times when yu'll fail.
E．They make yu mre aware f yur persnality, thughts and feelings.
F．After all, yu can nly achieve what yu want when yu knw what yu want.
G．Here're sme reasns why self­imprvement is imprtant regardless f yur age.
Living abrad will make yu a different persn and it will change yu frever in a gd way. I lived abrad fr mre than fur years. __1__ Here are the mst imprtant fur reasns why yu shuld study abrad and make the mst f yur stay abrad.
Imprve yur jb chances. __2__ HR managers value internatinal experience highly, as candidates with experiences f studying abrad are cnsidered t be adaptable, independent, prblem－slving and pen.
__3__ Getting ut f yur hme is certainly nt easy, but it will help yu grw. G ut there and experience the wrld. See it as an adventure that yu will tell yur grandkids abut. Smetimes yu have t push yurself and then yu will be rewarded with this awesme feeling f accmplishment.
Create a memry f a lifetime. Spending time abrad will be an adventure and thse memries will last fr a lifetime. I knw a lt f peple that nce lived abrad and nne f them regrets the time they spent abrad. Yes, there will be difficult times. When yu dn't understand the peple arund yu, everything is freign and nthing makes sense. Everyday tasks seem like a majr prblem. __4__
Becme independent. Living in a freign cuntry all by yurself will surely make yu independent. Yu are frced t make decisins by yurself as yu dn't have ther chices. __5__ Shw them that they were all s wrng abut yur being a mama's by (r girl)! It will feel great!
A．Get away frm hme.
B．Imprve yur language skills.
C．It was and still is the biggest adventure in my life.
D．Shw yurself, yur parents and friends that yu can d it.
E．Different cultures have different values, traditins and custms.
F．But I can tell yu frm my experience that it is definitely wrth it.
G．Experience abrad will give yu an advantage ver ther applicants in the jb market.
Mst peple are familiar with big internatinal sprts events like the Olympics and the Wrld Cup. But have yu ever heard f the Cmmnwealth Games?
The Cmmnwealth f Natins is an internatinal rganizatin made up f 53 member states, including Canada, India and Australia. __1__ Tday, they still hld the Cmmnwealth Games in the hpe f keeping their friendship alive.
The Cmmnwealth Games take place every fur years. Like ther internatinal sprts events, ppular sprts such as vlleyball and hckey are played there. __2__ Lawn bwls, a ppular game in Cmmnwealth cuntries, is similar t culling (冰壶). Hwever, it's played n a grass field instead f n ice. Netball is anther game that is seldm seen utside f Cmmnwealth natins. __3__ It is mainly a wmen's sprt.
Australia held the 2018 Cmmnwealth Games in Queensland between April 4 and 15, 2018. __4__ It built new stadiums, a light railway and new WiFi netwrks.
__5__ It has hsted the games five times. It is als ne f just six cuntries that have attended each f the games since they were first held in 1930.
A．Queensland did a lt t prepare fr the games.
B．Nineteen cities in nine cuntries have hsted the event.
C．Mst f these member states used t be British territries (领地)．
D．Australia has always been enthusiastic abut Cmmnwealth Games.
E．It's similar t basketball, but each team has seven players instead f five.
F．But there are als ther sprts that are a bit less knwn in ther cuntries.
G．Over 5,000 athletes cmpete at the Cmmnwealth Games in mre than 250 events.