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高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第二册Unit 1 Science and Scientists备课ppt课件
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这是一份高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第二册Unit 1 Science and Scientists备课ppt课件，共33页。PPT课件主要包含了Para1，Para 1 ，时间状语从句，原因状语从句，frustrate，frustrated，atwith，to become，attend to，Para2等内容，欢迎下载使用。
过去曾经是 导致严重腹泻、脱水甚至死亡 霍乱的暴发 死于 感到沮丧的 知道如何预防或治疗霍乱 照料 分娩 他的彻底根除霍乱的愿望
Chlera used t be ne f the mst feared diseases in the wrld,until a British dctr. Jhn Snw, shwed hw it culd be vercme. This illness causes severe diarrhea, dehydratin, and even death. In the early 19th century, when an utbreak f chlera hit Eurpe, millins f peple died frm the disease. As a yung dctr, Jhn Snw became frustrated because n ne knew hw t prevent r treat chlera. In time, he rse t becme a famus dctr, and even attended t Queen Victria when she gave birth.Hwever, he never lst his desire t destry chlera nce and fr all.
used t besevere diarrhea, dehydratin, and even deathutbreak f chleradie frmfrustrated hw t prevent r treat chlera attend tgive birthhis desire t destry chlera nce and fr all.
在英国医生约翰・斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。它可导致严重腹泻、脱水甚至死亡。十九世纪初，崔乱暴发，肆虐欧洲，数百万人丧命。由于当时无人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱，年轻的约翰・斯诺医生很沮丧。后来，他成了一位名医。甚至照料分娩的维多利亚女王。然而，他始终没有放弃彻底根除霍乱的愿望
Jhn Snw Defeats “King Chlera”Chlera used t be ne f the mst feared diseases in the wrld, until a British dctr, Jhn Snw, shwed hw it culd be vercme. This illness causes severe diarrhea, dehydratin, and even death. In the early 19th century, when an utbreak f chlera hit Eurpe, millins f peple died frm the disease. As a yung dctr, Jhn Snw became frustrated because n ne knew hw t prevent r treat chlera. In time, he rse t becme a famus dctr, and even attended t Queen Victria when she gave birth. Hwever, he never lst his desire t destry chlera nce and fr all.
rise-rse-risen
the desire t d “做...的愿望”
1. frustrated [frʌ'streɪtɪd]:adj. 懊恼的; 沮丧的; 失意的__________ vt. 挫败，阻挠，使感到灰心__________ adj. 令人沮丧的__________n.懊恼沮丧 ，令人懊恼的事物____________懊恼地，沮丧地
同义词 discuraged/depressed/disappinted
用frustrate及其正确形式填空What _________ me mst was the_________ results f ur team’s narrw defeat in the final, after which the players lked very _________ and the fans left the stadium in ___________ .
frustrated
frustrating
be frustrated with/at…
in frustratin
①He was disabled frm birth, but he never felt _______ (frustrate), nr did he give in t any difficulty.②They felt frustrated _____ the lack f prgress.③A pr memry frustrated her effrts ________ (becme) an actress.
We must be severe with urselves.我们必须对自己严格。The prfessr is rather severe n his students.这位教授对他的学生相当严厉。
【针对练习】单句语法填空(1)I d nt like t be severe________ anyne, but ur wn situatin is serius.(2)Yu shuld first f all be severe ________yurself and set an example t yur kids.(3)A fire had __________(severe)damaged the warehuse.
2．severe adj. 极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的(1)be severe n... 对……严厉be severe with neself 严于律己(2)severe weather 恶劣的天气 severe disease严重的疾病 severe lks严肃的表情(3)severely adv. 严重地；严格地；严厉地
(1)On the last day f ur week-lng stay，we were invited t attend a private cncert n a beautiful farm n the Nrth Shre.(2)She was praised fr having attended (n/upn)/t her sick mther.(2)I can’t g ut with yu tnight because I have an urgent thing t .
3.attend vt.出席；参加 vt.& vi.照顾；护理 vi.处理
attend a meeting/a lecture/schl参加会议/听报告/上学attend t sb. /sth. 照料……；处理……；招待……attend (n/upn) sb. 伺候某人，照顾某人
教材原句2 In time，he rse t becme a famus dctr，and even attended t Queen Victria when she gave birth.后来，他成为一名著名的医生，甚至在维多利亚女王分娩时照顾她。
in time作“终于；迟早”讲时，常单独使用，作状语。in time及时；终于；迟早作“及时”讲时，后常跟fr sth. 或t d sth. 。
(1)Yu will succeed in time ，as lng as yu dn’t give up.只要不放弃，你总有一天会成功。(2)The dctr came in time (save) his life.医生及时赶到并抢救了他的生命。(3)Lucky fr him，he was just in time the bus.幸运的是，他及时赶上了公共汽车。
教材原句1. As a yung dctr, Jhn Snw became frustrated because n ne knew hw t prevent r treat Chlera.作为一位年轻医生，约翰斯诺变得沮丧，因为没人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱。
句式分析：句中hw t prevent r treat chlera为“特殊疑问词＋不定式”结构，作动词knew的宾语。
大体上 两种截然不同的看法 细菌感染 赞同 证据 因此 两条特定街道 决心做某事
In general, dctrs in thse days had tw cntradictry theries t explain hw chlera spread. One thery was that bad air caused the disease. Anther was that chlera was caused by an infectin frm germs in fd r water. Snw subscribed t the secnd thery. It was crrect, but he still needed prf. Cnsequently, when an utbreak f chlera hit Lndn in 1854, Snw began t investigate. He discvered that in tw particular streets the chlera utbreak was s severe that mre than 500 peple died in ten days. He was determined t find ut why
in generaltw cntradictry theriesinfectin frm germssubscribe t prfcnsequentlytw particular streetsbe determined t d
关于霍乱的蔓延方式，当时医生大体上有两种截然不同的看法。一种看法是空气污染引发，另一种看法是食物或饮用水中的细菌感染导致霍乱。斯诺赞同第二种看法。这一看法是正确的，但他仍需要证据。因此，1854年伦敦暴发霍乱时，斯诺便开始调查。他发现霍乱疫情在两条街道上尤为严重，十天内就有500多人死亡。他决心查明原因。
Jhn Snw Defeats “King Chlera”In general, dctrs in thse days had tw cntradictry theries t explain hw chlera spread. One thery was that bad air caused the disease. The ther was that chlera was caused by an infectin frm germs in fd r water. Snw subscribed t the secnd thery. It was crrect, but he still needed prf. Cnsequently, when an utbreak f chlera hit Lndn in 1854, Snw began t investigate. He discvered that in tw particular streets the chlera utbreak was s severe that mre than 500 peple died in ten days. He was determined t find ut why.
a hit sngIt hits sb that...
“如此...以至于”，结果状语从句
3. cntradictry [ˌkɒntrə'dɪktəri]adj. 相互矛盾的; 对立的; 不一致的
cntradict v 相抵触，相矛盾 cntradictin n 矛盾
be cntradictry t… 与……矛盾、相反
self-cntradictry adj.自相矛盾的
What he said was cntradictry t the truth.
1.Peple fund this srt f ________ (cntradict) reality hard t kept _________ (cntradict) himself when we were arguing—I think he was a bit cnfused.
cntradictry
cntradicting
His remark was cntradictry t the truth.
4. infectin[ɪn'fekʃn]:n. 感染;传染
_________vt. 使感染;传染 _________adj.被感染的 _________adj.有传染性的；有感染力的
infect infectedinfectius
infect sb. with sth.sb. be infected with sth.
单句语法填空(1)Every year, there are peple unlucky enugh t be infected ________ the flu.(2)Dn’t yu find her enthusiasm ________(infect)?(3)The man ________________(infect) chlera,a highly __________ disease完成句子(3)Are yu sure there is ________________nw?你确定现在没有感染的危险吗？
n danger f infectin
has been infected with
5. subscribe[səb'skraɪb]:vi.认购(股份); 定期订购/缴纳(会费); 定期捐助①subscribe t 同意/赞成; 定期订阅; 定期捐助②subscribe A t B 把A捐赠给Bsubscriber n. 订阅人；定期捐款者
1.She used t subscribe ______ an envirnmental actin away nw fr the free album ffered t every new ___________.现在就写信索取免费赠送.一位新订户的专辑(write away fr sth) 写信索取/函购。3.Cpies are available by ___________.可通过订阅获得副本。
subscriptins
教材原句 3 One thery was that bad air caused the disease.有一种理论认为是恶劣的空气导致了这种疾病。
句式分析：本句中that bad air caused the disease是that引导的表语从句, that在从句中不作成分, 没有意义, 只起连接作用
翻译：我曾经梦想能在那个城市有个三居室(three-bedrm)的房子。My dream was __________________________________________.
that I culd have a three-bedrm huse in that city
句式分析：本句是复合句, 其中discvered后跟_____引导的________。在宾语从句中, 含有_________引导的________________。
教材原句 4 He discvered that in tw particular streets the chlera utbreak was s severe that mre than 500 peple died in ten days. 他发现，在两条特定的街道上，霍乱爆发非常严重，10天内就有500多人死亡。
s … that … 意为“如此……以至于……”，用来引导结果状语从句。
3. It is s busy a day that we dn’t g swimming.
主语 + 实义动词 + s + 副词 + that 从句
主语 + 系动词（be, becme, feel 等）+ s + 形容词 + that 从句
主语 + 系动词 + s + 形容词 + a / an + 单数可数名词 + that 从句
1. It rained s heavily that we had t stay at hme.
2. The questin is s difficult that we can nt wrk it ut.
主语 + 谓语 + s + many / few + 可数名词复数 + that 从句
主语 + 谓语 + s + much / little + 不可数名词 + that 从句
主语 + 谓语 + s + many (much, few, little) + that 从句
I have made s many mistakes that I must stay at hme t reflect n them.
The shirt cst s much that I did nt want t take it.
What a pity! We have gt s little mney that we can nt eat at restaurants.
当“s＋形容词/副词”及such... 放在句首时，主句要用部分倒装。S afraid was he in the darkness that he didn’t dare t mve an inch.在黑暗中，他太害怕了，一步也不敢动。Such a difficult questin did I find it is that I can’t wrk it ut.我发现这个题太难，我算不出。S nervus was the speaker that his legs were trembling这个演讲者如此紧张，以至于双腿发抖
完成句子He _________________he accepted her invitatin. 他接受她的邀请真是太傻了。It_______________that I’d like t g there again.这个露营地点如此好，以至于我想再去一次。There_________________ that the hst felt sad. 宾客如此之少，主人为此感到伤心。It is _________________ that I can’t lift it. 这个箱子如此重以至于我提不起来。
is s gd a camping spt
were s few guests
such a heavy bx
was s flish that
Snw began by marking n a map the exact places where all thse wh died had lived. There were multiple deaths near the water pump in Brad Street (especially huse numbers 16, 37, 38, and 40). Hwever, sme husehlds (such as 20 and 21 Brad Street, and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had n deaths. These peple wrked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street. They had been given free beer, and s had nt drunk the water frm the pump. Snw suspected that the water pump was t blame. What is mre,in anther part f Lndn, a wman and her daughter had died f chlera after mving away frm Brad Street. It seemed that the wman liked the water frm the pump s much that she had it delivered t her huse every day. As a result f this evidence, Jhn Snw was able t annunce that the pump water carried chlera germs. Accrdingly, he had the handle f the pump remved s that it culd nt be used. Thrugh this interventin, the disease was stpped in its tracks
在地图上标出确切位置 多例死亡 水泵 尤其是 家庭住户 怀疑…… 水泵就是罪魁祸首 似乎…… 让人打水 因为 宣布 于是 让人拆掉了水泵把手 通过这一干预举措
mark n a map the exact placesmultiple deathswater pumpespeciallyhusehldsuspect thatthe water pump was t blameIt seemed thathave water deliveredas a result fannunceaccrdinglyhave the handle f the pump remved thrugh this interventin
斯诺首先在地图上标出所有死者住所的确切位置。宽街水泵附近有多例死亡(尤其是16号、37号、38号及40号住宅)，但是有些住户(如宽街20号和21号以及剑桥街8号和9号)却无人死亡。这些幸存者在剑桥街7号的酒吧工作，酒吧为他们提供免费啤酒，因此没有喝水泵抽上来的水。斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。此外，在伦敦的另一个区域，一名妇女和她的女儿从宽街搬来后死于霍乱。该妇女似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水，每天都让人从那里打水运到家里来。有了这个证据，约翰·斯诺就能够宣布水泵抽上来的水携带霍乱病菌。于是，他让人拆掉了水泵的把手，这样水泵就用不成了。这一干预举措遏制了疾病的蔓延。
Jhn Snw Defeats “King Chlera”Snw began by marking n a map the exact places where all thse wh died had lived. There were multiple deaths near the water pump in Brad Street (especially huse numbers 16, 37, 38, and 40). Hwever, sme husehlds (such as 20 and 21 Brad Street, and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had n deaths. These peple wrked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street. They had been given free beer, and s had nt drunk the water frm the pump. Snw suspected that the water pump was t blame.
by+ding “通过...方式”
“因而”，连接两个并列的谓语
Jhn Snw Defeats “King Chlera”What is mre, in anther part f Lndn, a wman and her daughter had died f chlera after mving away frm Brad Street. It seemed that the wman liked the water frm the pump s much that she had it delivered t her huse every day. As a result f this evidence, Jhn Snw was able t annunce that the pump water carried chlera germs. Accrdingly, he had the handle f the pump remved s that it culd nt be used. Thrugh this interventin, the disease was stpped in its tracks.
“have sth dne”
have my hair cuthave the prblem fixed
____________adj.可疑的，令人怀疑的 _____________n.怀疑
suspiciussuspicin
6. suspect [sə'spekt] v.怀疑; 疑有; 不信任; ['sʌspekt] n.[C]犯罪嫌疑人; 可疑对象
be suspicius f/abut sth.
suspect sthsuspect … t be + n./adj. 怀疑或猜想……是……suspect sb f (ding) sth 怀疑某人（做过）某事suspect + that从句
The abve cmplaints are, I suspect, just the tip f the iceberg.我想，以上的抱怨只是冰山一角。He resigned after being suspected f theft.他被怀疑有偷窃行为，随后就辞职了。
accuse sb. f sth. 指控某人某事warn sb. f sth. 警告某人某事cheat sb. f sth. 欺骗某人某事infrm sb. f sth. 通知某人某事remind sb. f sth. 提醒某人某事rb sb. f sth. 抢劫某人某事cnvince sb. f sth. 使某人相信某事persuade sb fcure sb f
1.The bss suspected him ____ taking the cmputer away frm the frm his expressin, I suspected him ______ (be) a f his clleagues at wrk became ___________ (suspect) f his behaviur. 4.他们怀疑他提供伪证，想问他原因。 _________________________false evidence and wanted t ask him the reasn.
They suspected him f giving
7. blame v.把…归咎于...; 责怪; 指责 & n.责任; 责备; 指责
blame sb. fr (ding) sth. 因(做)某事而责备某人/归咎于 sth. n sb. 把某物归咎到某人身上be t blame (fr sth.) (对坏事)负有责任; (因某事)应受责备
lay/put the blame fr sth n sb. 把某事归咎于某人bear/take the blame (fr sth.) (对某事)承担责任
1.Sme scial app cmpanies were___________(blame)because they didn’t adequately check their users’ children are afraid f being blamed making mistakes in speaking English. 许多孩子害怕讲英语时因犯错误而受责备。3. (blame) by his teacher，the by was in lw spirits.4. (blame) by his teacher made me sad完成句子（每空一词）。 1) 如果你误了火车，不要怪我。Dn’t ________ ________ if yu miss the train. 2) 他们把失败归咎于乔治。 They __________ _______ _______ fr the failure _______ Gerge. 3) 医院正在调查事故的责任人是谁。 The hspital is investigating t find ut _____ _____ _____ _____ fr the accident.
t blame
blame me
laid/put the blame
wh is
Being blamed
教材原句 5 Snw began by marking n a map the exact places where all thse wh died had lived. 斯诺开始在地图上标注所有死者生活的精确地址。
句式分析：where引导定语从句，先行词为_____，where在定语从句中做______；wh引导定语从句，先行词为_______，wh在从句中作_____。
It seemed that the wman liked the water frm the pump s much that she had it delivered t her huse every day.
have sth. dne 结构
s….that 引导结果状语从句
It seemed that … “看来……”, that引导表语从句
教材原句6 这位妇女似乎非常喜欢水泵里的水，所以每天都让人送到她家去。
It＋不及物动词(短语)＋that从句.b常用于该句型结构有：It seemed that...(看上去) It happened that …(碰巧)It turned ut that …(证明是) It appeared that...(显得)
“have＋宾语＋宾语补足语”的用法有以下几种：have sb. /sth. ding 让某人做某事(动作具有持续、进行含义)have sb. d 让某人做某事（省略t）have sth. dne 让/请别人做某事；遭受到
___________________we were wrng. 结果证明我们错了。_______________________he was ut that day. 碰巧他那天出去了。
They had the car ___________(run)all the way.She had planned t have her daughter_______ (marry) Laurie. As we left we had a phtgraph _________(take)tgether.
It happened that
It turned ut that
完成句子(1)__________________that yu disagree n the plan.在我看来你不同意这个计划。(2)__________________ the harvest was bad that year.那年碰巧收成不好。(3)We did___________ we were invited t share ur idea and experience with all the students f ur schl.我们做得很好，以至于被邀请与学校的所有学生分享我们的想法和经验。(4)She is __________________________________we all like her.她是一个非常可爱的女孩，我们都喜欢她。(5)In rder t make herself mre beautiful, she_______________ yesterday.为了使自己更漂亮，她昨天把头发剪了。(6)It is nt a gd idea t ___________________all the time.让机器一直运转不是一个好主意。
It seems t me
It happened that
s well that
s lvely a girl that/such a lvely girl that
had her hair cut
have the machine running
The truth was that the water frm the Brad Street pump had been infected by waste. Mrever, Snw was later able t shw a link between ther cases f chlera and the different water cmpanies in Lndn. Sme cmpanies sld water frm the River Thames that was plluted by raw waste. The peple wh drank this water were much mre likely t get chlera than thse wh drank pure r biled water Thrugh Snw’s tireless effrts, water cmpanies began t sell clean water and the threat f chlera arund the wrld saw a substantial decrease.Hwever, chlera is still a prblem. Each year, millins f peple arund the wrld get chlera and many die frm it. Frtunately, we nw knw hw t prevent chlera, thanks t the wrk f Jhn Snw. Mrever, in his use f maps and statistics, Snw transfrmed the way scientists study diseases. Fr this reasn, Snw is cnsidered the father f mdern epidemilgy
显示A与B间的联系 未处理的废弃物 更容易做某事 纯浄水或开水 世界各地霍乱的威胁 大幅降低 多亏 通过使用地图和数据 改变了科学家研究疾病的方式 被誉为现代流行病学之父
shw a link between A and Braw wastebe likely t dpure r biled watethe threat f chleraa substantial decreasethanks tuse f maps and statisticstransfrm the way scientists study diseases be cnsidered the father f mdern epidemilgy
事情的真相是宽街水泵抽上来的水被废弃物污染了。此外，斯诺之后还证明了另外几起霍乱病例与伦敦多家饮用水公司有关。有些公司出售的水取自被未处理的废弃物污染的泰晤士河。与饮用纯浄水或开水的人相比，饮用被污染的水的人更容易染上霍乱。 经过斯诺的不懈努力，饮用水公司开始出售洁净水，世界各地霍乱的威胁大幅降低。然而，霍乱仍是问题。每年全球有数百万人感染霍乱，其中许多人因此丧生。幸运的是，由于约翰・斯诺的努力，我们现在知道了如何预防霍乱。此外，通过使用地图和数据，斯诺改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。因此，斯诺被誉为现代流行病学之父。
7. link[lɪŋk]:n.[C]联系; 纽带; 链接& v.把...连接起来; 相关联
单句语法填空 1.Yur innvatins shuld be linked ___ur schl life and be able t make ur life better and mre went n t the twn, where they linked ___with the ther are a lt f wireless ________ (link) in a radi.4.地铁将把机场与市中心连接起来。A subway line __________________________ the city center.
link … t/with… 把…与…连接/联系起来、=cnnect A t/with B =jin A t Bbe linked t/with… 与……有关=be assciated with=be cnnected with=be related tlink up 连接，结合a link between… and … …和…之间的联系
will link the airprt with/t
8. transfrm [træns'fɔːm]:v.使改观;使改变形态; 改变; 转变transfrm A int B(frm c) 把A变成BA be transfrmed int B (frm c) A被变成Btransfrmer n.促使改变的人或物；变压器transfrmatin n.[C&U]改变;转化
We can transfrm electricity int light energy as well as int heat energy. =Electricity can be transfrmed int light energy as well as int heat energy (by us).
“把……变成……”的表达方式还有：(1)translate... int... 把…变成…；把…翻译成…(2)change/turn... int... 把……变成……(3)divide... int... 把…变成…；把…划分成…
教材原句6 . The peple wh drank this water were much mre likely t get chlera than thse wh drank pure r biled water.
前后两个wh均引导定语从句。
教材原句7 Thrugh Snw’s tireless effrts, water cmpanies began t sell clean water, and the threat f chlera arund the wrld saw a substantial decrease.通过斯诺的不懈努力，供水公司开始销售洁净水，霍乱对世界各地的威胁大幅减少。
句式分析 ：“the threat f chlera arund the wrld saw a substantial decrease”是一个以无生命的名词词组作主语的句式。“无生命的名词＋see/find/witness…”意为“……经历、发生、见证、目睹某事”。有些动词，如see, find, witness等，可以用地点或时间名词作主语，表示某地或某时经历、发生、见证或目睹某事。
________________________________．自1990年以来，这个城市发生了巨大的变化。________________________________________.二十世纪经历了两次世界大战。
完成句子(1)________________ the imprvement f peple’s life.这棵老树见证了人们的生活得到了改善。(2)________________him wandering alne in the evening.傍晚，他独自一人在寂静的街道上徘徊。英译汉(3)The last ten years have witnessed great changes in ur city._______________________________________(4)The street light fund the girl crying.______________________________________
The ld tree has seen
The quiet street fund
过去十年我们的城市发生了巨大的变化
The city has seen great changes since 1990
The twentieth century witnessed tw wrld wars
During thse times, music can help yu in the same way_________________it helped me.在那些时候，音乐可以像帮助我一样帮助你。He fund a way ___________led t success. 他找到了一条通向成功的路。The way_____________he tld me sunds ridiculus, but I will give it a try.他告诉我的方法听起来很可笑，但我要试一试。
教材原句8 Mrever, in his use f maps and statistics, Snw transfrmed the way scientists study diseases.此外，通过使用地图和统计数据，斯诺改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。
【句式剖析】本句是主从复合句“scientists study diseases”是省略了关系代词的定语从句，修饰“the way”。在含有定语从句的复合句中，the way作先行词时有以下三种情况：(1)关系词在定语从句中作状语，关系词用in which，that或省略。(2)关系词在从句中作主语，关系词用that或which。(3)关系词在从句中作宾语，关系词用that, which或省略。
which/that
that/in which/省略
that/which/省略
过去曾经是 导致严重腹泻、脱水甚至死亡 霍乱的暴发 死于 感到沮丧的 知道如何预防或治疗霍乱 照料 分娩 他的彻底根除霍乱的愿望
Chlera used t be ne f the mst feared diseases in the wrld,until a British dctr. Jhn Snw, shwed hw it culd be vercme. This illness causes severe diarrhea, dehydratin, and even death. In the early 19th century, when an utbreak f chlera hit Eurpe, millins f peple died frm the disease. As a yung dctr, Jhn Snw became frustrated because n ne knew hw t prevent r treat chlera. In time, he rse t becme a famus dctr, and even attended t Queen Victria when she gave birth.Hwever, he never lst his desire t destry chlera nce and fr all.
used t besevere diarrhea, dehydratin, and even deathutbreak f chleradie frmfrustrated hw t prevent r treat chlera attend tgive birthhis desire t destry chlera nce and fr all.
在英国医生约翰・斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。它可导致严重腹泻、脱水甚至死亡。十九世纪初，崔乱暴发，肆虐欧洲，数百万人丧命。由于当时无人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱，年轻的约翰・斯诺医生很沮丧。后来，他成了一位名医。甚至照料分娩的维多利亚女王。然而，他始终没有放弃彻底根除霍乱的愿望
Jhn Snw Defeats “King Chlera”Chlera used t be ne f the mst feared diseases in the wrld, until a British dctr, Jhn Snw, shwed hw it culd be vercme. This illness causes severe diarrhea, dehydratin, and even death. In the early 19th century, when an utbreak f chlera hit Eurpe, millins f peple died frm the disease. As a yung dctr, Jhn Snw became frustrated because n ne knew hw t prevent r treat chlera. In time, he rse t becme a famus dctr, and even attended t Queen Victria when she gave birth. Hwever, he never lst his desire t destry chlera nce and fr all.
rise-rse-risen
the desire t d “做...的愿望”
1. frustrated [frʌ'streɪtɪd]:adj. 懊恼的; 沮丧的; 失意的__________ vt. 挫败，阻挠，使感到灰心__________ adj. 令人沮丧的__________n.懊恼沮丧 ，令人懊恼的事物____________懊恼地，沮丧地
同义词 discuraged/depressed/disappinted
用frustrate及其正确形式填空What _________ me mst was the_________ results f ur team’s narrw defeat in the final, after which the players lked very _________ and the fans left the stadium in ___________ .
frustrated
frustrating
be frustrated with/at…
in frustratin
①He was disabled frm birth, but he never felt _______ (frustrate), nr did he give in t any difficulty.②They felt frustrated _____ the lack f prgress.③A pr memry frustrated her effrts ________ (becme) an actress.
We must be severe with urselves.我们必须对自己严格。The prfessr is rather severe n his students.这位教授对他的学生相当严厉。
【针对练习】单句语法填空(1)I d nt like t be severe________ anyne, but ur wn situatin is serius.(2)Yu shuld first f all be severe ________yurself and set an example t yur kids.(3)A fire had __________(severe)damaged the warehuse.
2．severe adj. 极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的(1)be severe n... 对……严厉be severe with neself 严于律己(2)severe weather 恶劣的天气 severe disease严重的疾病 severe lks严肃的表情(3)severely adv. 严重地；严格地；严厉地
(1)On the last day f ur week-lng stay，we were invited t attend a private cncert n a beautiful farm n the Nrth Shre.(2)She was praised fr having attended (n/upn)/t her sick mther.(2)I can’t g ut with yu tnight because I have an urgent thing t .
3.attend vt.出席；参加 vt.& vi.照顾；护理 vi.处理
attend a meeting/a lecture/schl参加会议/听报告/上学attend t sb. /sth. 照料……；处理……；招待……attend (n/upn) sb. 伺候某人，照顾某人
教材原句2 In time，he rse t becme a famus dctr，and even attended t Queen Victria when she gave birth.后来，他成为一名著名的医生，甚至在维多利亚女王分娩时照顾她。
in time作“终于；迟早”讲时，常单独使用，作状语。in time及时；终于；迟早作“及时”讲时，后常跟fr sth. 或t d sth. 。
(1)Yu will succeed in time ，as lng as yu dn’t give up.只要不放弃，你总有一天会成功。(2)The dctr came in time (save) his life.医生及时赶到并抢救了他的生命。(3)Lucky fr him，he was just in time the bus.幸运的是，他及时赶上了公共汽车。
教材原句1. As a yung dctr, Jhn Snw became frustrated because n ne knew hw t prevent r treat Chlera.作为一位年轻医生，约翰斯诺变得沮丧，因为没人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱。
句式分析：句中hw t prevent r treat chlera为“特殊疑问词＋不定式”结构，作动词knew的宾语。
大体上 两种截然不同的看法 细菌感染 赞同 证据 因此 两条特定街道 决心做某事
In general, dctrs in thse days had tw cntradictry theries t explain hw chlera spread. One thery was that bad air caused the disease. Anther was that chlera was caused by an infectin frm germs in fd r water. Snw subscribed t the secnd thery. It was crrect, but he still needed prf. Cnsequently, when an utbreak f chlera hit Lndn in 1854, Snw began t investigate. He discvered that in tw particular streets the chlera utbreak was s severe that mre than 500 peple died in ten days. He was determined t find ut why
in generaltw cntradictry theriesinfectin frm germssubscribe t prfcnsequentlytw particular streetsbe determined t d
关于霍乱的蔓延方式，当时医生大体上有两种截然不同的看法。一种看法是空气污染引发，另一种看法是食物或饮用水中的细菌感染导致霍乱。斯诺赞同第二种看法。这一看法是正确的，但他仍需要证据。因此，1854年伦敦暴发霍乱时，斯诺便开始调查。他发现霍乱疫情在两条街道上尤为严重，十天内就有500多人死亡。他决心查明原因。
Jhn Snw Defeats “King Chlera”In general, dctrs in thse days had tw cntradictry theries t explain hw chlera spread. One thery was that bad air caused the disease. The ther was that chlera was caused by an infectin frm germs in fd r water. Snw subscribed t the secnd thery. It was crrect, but he still needed prf. Cnsequently, when an utbreak f chlera hit Lndn in 1854, Snw began t investigate. He discvered that in tw particular streets the chlera utbreak was s severe that mre than 500 peple died in ten days. He was determined t find ut why.
a hit sngIt hits sb that...
“如此...以至于”，结果状语从句
3. cntradictry [ˌkɒntrə'dɪktəri]adj. 相互矛盾的; 对立的; 不一致的
cntradict v 相抵触，相矛盾 cntradictin n 矛盾
be cntradictry t… 与……矛盾、相反
self-cntradictry adj.自相矛盾的
What he said was cntradictry t the truth.
1.Peple fund this srt f ________ (cntradict) reality hard t kept _________ (cntradict) himself when we were arguing—I think he was a bit cnfused.
cntradictry
cntradicting
His remark was cntradictry t the truth.
4. infectin[ɪn'fekʃn]:n. 感染;传染
_________vt. 使感染;传染 _________adj.被感染的 _________adj.有传染性的；有感染力的
infect infectedinfectius
infect sb. with sth.sb. be infected with sth.
单句语法填空(1)Every year, there are peple unlucky enugh t be infected ________ the flu.(2)Dn’t yu find her enthusiasm ________(infect)?(3)The man ________________(infect) chlera,a highly __________ disease完成句子(3)Are yu sure there is ________________nw?你确定现在没有感染的危险吗？
n danger f infectin
has been infected with
5. subscribe[səb'skraɪb]:vi.认购(股份); 定期订购/缴纳(会费); 定期捐助①subscribe t 同意/赞成; 定期订阅; 定期捐助②subscribe A t B 把A捐赠给Bsubscriber n. 订阅人；定期捐款者
1.She used t subscribe ______ an envirnmental actin away nw fr the free album ffered t every new ___________.现在就写信索取免费赠送.一位新订户的专辑(write away fr sth) 写信索取/函购。3.Cpies are available by ___________.可通过订阅获得副本。
subscriptins
教材原句 3 One thery was that bad air caused the disease.有一种理论认为是恶劣的空气导致了这种疾病。
句式分析：本句中that bad air caused the disease是that引导的表语从句, that在从句中不作成分, 没有意义, 只起连接作用
翻译：我曾经梦想能在那个城市有个三居室(three-bedrm)的房子。My dream was __________________________________________.
that I culd have a three-bedrm huse in that city
句式分析：本句是复合句, 其中discvered后跟_____引导的________。在宾语从句中, 含有_________引导的________________。
教材原句 4 He discvered that in tw particular streets the chlera utbreak was s severe that mre than 500 peple died in ten days. 他发现，在两条特定的街道上，霍乱爆发非常严重，10天内就有500多人死亡。
s … that … 意为“如此……以至于……”，用来引导结果状语从句。
3. It is s busy a day that we dn’t g swimming.
主语 + 实义动词 + s + 副词 + that 从句
主语 + 系动词（be, becme, feel 等）+ s + 形容词 + that 从句
主语 + 系动词 + s + 形容词 + a / an + 单数可数名词 + that 从句
1. It rained s heavily that we had t stay at hme.
2. The questin is s difficult that we can nt wrk it ut.
主语 + 谓语 + s + many / few + 可数名词复数 + that 从句
主语 + 谓语 + s + much / little + 不可数名词 + that 从句
主语 + 谓语 + s + many (much, few, little) + that 从句
I have made s many mistakes that I must stay at hme t reflect n them.
The shirt cst s much that I did nt want t take it.
What a pity! We have gt s little mney that we can nt eat at restaurants.
当“s＋形容词/副词”及such... 放在句首时，主句要用部分倒装。S afraid was he in the darkness that he didn’t dare t mve an inch.在黑暗中，他太害怕了，一步也不敢动。Such a difficult questin did I find it is that I can’t wrk it ut.我发现这个题太难，我算不出。S nervus was the speaker that his legs were trembling这个演讲者如此紧张，以至于双腿发抖
完成句子He _________________he accepted her invitatin. 他接受她的邀请真是太傻了。It_______________that I’d like t g there again.这个露营地点如此好，以至于我想再去一次。There_________________ that the hst felt sad. 宾客如此之少，主人为此感到伤心。It is _________________ that I can’t lift it. 这个箱子如此重以至于我提不起来。
is s gd a camping spt
were s few guests
such a heavy bx
was s flish that
Snw began by marking n a map the exact places where all thse wh died had lived. There were multiple deaths near the water pump in Brad Street (especially huse numbers 16, 37, 38, and 40). Hwever, sme husehlds (such as 20 and 21 Brad Street, and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had n deaths. These peple wrked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street. They had been given free beer, and s had nt drunk the water frm the pump. Snw suspected that the water pump was t blame. What is mre,in anther part f Lndn, a wman and her daughter had died f chlera after mving away frm Brad Street. It seemed that the wman liked the water frm the pump s much that she had it delivered t her huse every day. As a result f this evidence, Jhn Snw was able t annunce that the pump water carried chlera germs. Accrdingly, he had the handle f the pump remved s that it culd nt be used. Thrugh this interventin, the disease was stpped in its tracks
在地图上标出确切位置 多例死亡 水泵 尤其是 家庭住户 怀疑…… 水泵就是罪魁祸首 似乎…… 让人打水 因为 宣布 于是 让人拆掉了水泵把手 通过这一干预举措
mark n a map the exact placesmultiple deathswater pumpespeciallyhusehldsuspect thatthe water pump was t blameIt seemed thathave water deliveredas a result fannunceaccrdinglyhave the handle f the pump remved thrugh this interventin
斯诺首先在地图上标出所有死者住所的确切位置。宽街水泵附近有多例死亡(尤其是16号、37号、38号及40号住宅)，但是有些住户(如宽街20号和21号以及剑桥街8号和9号)却无人死亡。这些幸存者在剑桥街7号的酒吧工作，酒吧为他们提供免费啤酒，因此没有喝水泵抽上来的水。斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。此外，在伦敦的另一个区域，一名妇女和她的女儿从宽街搬来后死于霍乱。该妇女似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水，每天都让人从那里打水运到家里来。有了这个证据，约翰·斯诺就能够宣布水泵抽上来的水携带霍乱病菌。于是，他让人拆掉了水泵的把手，这样水泵就用不成了。这一干预举措遏制了疾病的蔓延。
Jhn Snw Defeats “King Chlera”Snw began by marking n a map the exact places where all thse wh died had lived. There were multiple deaths near the water pump in Brad Street (especially huse numbers 16, 37, 38, and 40). Hwever, sme husehlds (such as 20 and 21 Brad Street, and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had n deaths. These peple wrked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street. They had been given free beer, and s had nt drunk the water frm the pump. Snw suspected that the water pump was t blame.
by+ding “通过...方式”
“因而”，连接两个并列的谓语
Jhn Snw Defeats “King Chlera”What is mre, in anther part f Lndn, a wman and her daughter had died f chlera after mving away frm Brad Street. It seemed that the wman liked the water frm the pump s much that she had it delivered t her huse every day. As a result f this evidence, Jhn Snw was able t annunce that the pump water carried chlera germs. Accrdingly, he had the handle f the pump remved s that it culd nt be used. Thrugh this interventin, the disease was stpped in its tracks.
“have sth dne”
have my hair cuthave the prblem fixed
____________adj.可疑的，令人怀疑的 _____________n.怀疑
suspiciussuspicin
6. suspect [sə'spekt] v.怀疑; 疑有; 不信任; ['sʌspekt] n.[C]犯罪嫌疑人; 可疑对象
be suspicius f/abut sth.
suspect sthsuspect … t be + n./adj. 怀疑或猜想……是……suspect sb f (ding) sth 怀疑某人（做过）某事suspect + that从句
The abve cmplaints are, I suspect, just the tip f the iceberg.我想，以上的抱怨只是冰山一角。He resigned after being suspected f theft.他被怀疑有偷窃行为，随后就辞职了。
accuse sb. f sth. 指控某人某事warn sb. f sth. 警告某人某事cheat sb. f sth. 欺骗某人某事infrm sb. f sth. 通知某人某事remind sb. f sth. 提醒某人某事rb sb. f sth. 抢劫某人某事cnvince sb. f sth. 使某人相信某事persuade sb fcure sb f
1.The bss suspected him ____ taking the cmputer away frm the frm his expressin, I suspected him ______ (be) a f his clleagues at wrk became ___________ (suspect) f his behaviur. 4.他们怀疑他提供伪证，想问他原因。 _________________________false evidence and wanted t ask him the reasn.
They suspected him f giving
7. blame v.把…归咎于...; 责怪; 指责 & n.责任; 责备; 指责
blame sb. fr (ding) sth. 因(做)某事而责备某人/归咎于 sth. n sb. 把某物归咎到某人身上be t blame (fr sth.) (对坏事)负有责任; (因某事)应受责备
lay/put the blame fr sth n sb. 把某事归咎于某人bear/take the blame (fr sth.) (对某事)承担责任
1.Sme scial app cmpanies were___________(blame)because they didn’t adequately check their users’ children are afraid f being blamed making mistakes in speaking English. 许多孩子害怕讲英语时因犯错误而受责备。3. (blame) by his teacher，the by was in lw spirits.4. (blame) by his teacher made me sad完成句子（每空一词）。 1) 如果你误了火车，不要怪我。Dn’t ________ ________ if yu miss the train. 2) 他们把失败归咎于乔治。 They __________ _______ _______ fr the failure _______ Gerge. 3) 医院正在调查事故的责任人是谁。 The hspital is investigating t find ut _____ _____ _____ _____ fr the accident.
t blame
blame me
laid/put the blame
wh is
Being blamed
教材原句 5 Snw began by marking n a map the exact places where all thse wh died had lived. 斯诺开始在地图上标注所有死者生活的精确地址。
句式分析：where引导定语从句，先行词为_____，where在定语从句中做______；wh引导定语从句，先行词为_______，wh在从句中作_____。
It seemed that the wman liked the water frm the pump s much that she had it delivered t her huse every day.
have sth. dne 结构
s….that 引导结果状语从句
It seemed that … “看来……”, that引导表语从句
教材原句6 这位妇女似乎非常喜欢水泵里的水，所以每天都让人送到她家去。
It＋不及物动词(短语)＋that从句.b常用于该句型结构有：It seemed that...(看上去) It happened that …(碰巧)It turned ut that …(证明是) It appeared that...(显得)
“have＋宾语＋宾语补足语”的用法有以下几种：have sb. /sth. ding 让某人做某事(动作具有持续、进行含义)have sb. d 让某人做某事（省略t）have sth. dne 让/请别人做某事；遭受到
___________________we were wrng. 结果证明我们错了。_______________________he was ut that day. 碰巧他那天出去了。
They had the car ___________(run)all the way.She had planned t have her daughter_______ (marry) Laurie. As we left we had a phtgraph _________(take)tgether.
It happened that
It turned ut that
完成句子(1)__________________that yu disagree n the plan.在我看来你不同意这个计划。(2)__________________ the harvest was bad that year.那年碰巧收成不好。(3)We did___________ we were invited t share ur idea and experience with all the students f ur schl.我们做得很好，以至于被邀请与学校的所有学生分享我们的想法和经验。(4)She is __________________________________we all like her.她是一个非常可爱的女孩，我们都喜欢她。(5)In rder t make herself mre beautiful, she_______________ yesterday.为了使自己更漂亮，她昨天把头发剪了。(6)It is nt a gd idea t ___________________all the time.让机器一直运转不是一个好主意。
It seems t me
It happened that
s well that
s lvely a girl that/such a lvely girl that
had her hair cut
have the machine running
The truth was that the water frm the Brad Street pump had been infected by waste. Mrever, Snw was later able t shw a link between ther cases f chlera and the different water cmpanies in Lndn. Sme cmpanies sld water frm the River Thames that was plluted by raw waste. The peple wh drank this water were much mre likely t get chlera than thse wh drank pure r biled water Thrugh Snw’s tireless effrts, water cmpanies began t sell clean water and the threat f chlera arund the wrld saw a substantial decrease.Hwever, chlera is still a prblem. Each year, millins f peple arund the wrld get chlera and many die frm it. Frtunately, we nw knw hw t prevent chlera, thanks t the wrk f Jhn Snw. Mrever, in his use f maps and statistics, Snw transfrmed the way scientists study diseases. Fr this reasn, Snw is cnsidered the father f mdern epidemilgy
显示A与B间的联系 未处理的废弃物 更容易做某事 纯浄水或开水 世界各地霍乱的威胁 大幅降低 多亏 通过使用地图和数据 改变了科学家研究疾病的方式 被誉为现代流行病学之父
shw a link between A and Braw wastebe likely t dpure r biled watethe threat f chleraa substantial decreasethanks tuse f maps and statisticstransfrm the way scientists study diseases be cnsidered the father f mdern epidemilgy
事情的真相是宽街水泵抽上来的水被废弃物污染了。此外，斯诺之后还证明了另外几起霍乱病例与伦敦多家饮用水公司有关。有些公司出售的水取自被未处理的废弃物污染的泰晤士河。与饮用纯浄水或开水的人相比，饮用被污染的水的人更容易染上霍乱。 经过斯诺的不懈努力，饮用水公司开始出售洁净水，世界各地霍乱的威胁大幅降低。然而，霍乱仍是问题。每年全球有数百万人感染霍乱，其中许多人因此丧生。幸运的是，由于约翰・斯诺的努力，我们现在知道了如何预防霍乱。此外，通过使用地图和数据，斯诺改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。因此，斯诺被誉为现代流行病学之父。
7. link[lɪŋk]:n.[C]联系; 纽带; 链接& v.把...连接起来; 相关联
单句语法填空 1.Yur innvatins shuld be linked ___ur schl life and be able t make ur life better and mre went n t the twn, where they linked ___with the ther are a lt f wireless ________ (link) in a radi.4.地铁将把机场与市中心连接起来。A subway line __________________________ the city center.
link … t/with… 把…与…连接/联系起来、=cnnect A t/with B =jin A t Bbe linked t/with… 与……有关=be assciated with=be cnnected with=be related tlink up 连接，结合a link between… and … …和…之间的联系
will link the airprt with/t
8. transfrm [træns'fɔːm]:v.使改观;使改变形态; 改变; 转变transfrm A int B(frm c) 把A变成BA be transfrmed int B (frm c) A被变成Btransfrmer n.促使改变的人或物；变压器transfrmatin n.[C&U]改变;转化
We can transfrm electricity int light energy as well as int heat energy. =Electricity can be transfrmed int light energy as well as int heat energy (by us).
“把……变成……”的表达方式还有：(1)translate... int... 把…变成…；把…翻译成…(2)change/turn... int... 把……变成……(3)divide... int... 把…变成…；把…划分成…
教材原句6 . The peple wh drank this water were much mre likely t get chlera than thse wh drank pure r biled water.
前后两个wh均引导定语从句。
教材原句7 Thrugh Snw’s tireless effrts, water cmpanies began t sell clean water, and the threat f chlera arund the wrld saw a substantial decrease.通过斯诺的不懈努力，供水公司开始销售洁净水，霍乱对世界各地的威胁大幅减少。
句式分析 ：“the threat f chlera arund the wrld saw a substantial decrease”是一个以无生命的名词词组作主语的句式。“无生命的名词＋see/find/witness…”意为“……经历、发生、见证、目睹某事”。有些动词，如see, find, witness等，可以用地点或时间名词作主语，表示某地或某时经历、发生、见证或目睹某事。
________________________________．自1990年以来，这个城市发生了巨大的变化。________________________________________.二十世纪经历了两次世界大战。
完成句子(1)________________ the imprvement f peple’s life.这棵老树见证了人们的生活得到了改善。(2)________________him wandering alne in the evening.傍晚，他独自一人在寂静的街道上徘徊。英译汉(3)The last ten years have witnessed great changes in ur city._______________________________________(4)The street light fund the girl crying.______________________________________
The ld tree has seen
The quiet street fund
过去十年我们的城市发生了巨大的变化
The city has seen great changes since 1990
The twentieth century witnessed tw wrld wars
During thse times, music can help yu in the same way_________________it helped me.在那些时候，音乐可以像帮助我一样帮助你。He fund a way ___________led t success. 他找到了一条通向成功的路。The way_____________he tld me sunds ridiculus, but I will give it a try.他告诉我的方法听起来很可笑，但我要试一试。
教材原句8 Mrever, in his use f maps and statistics, Snw transfrmed the way scientists study diseases.此外，通过使用地图和统计数据，斯诺改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。
【句式剖析】本句是主从复合句“scientists study diseases”是省略了关系代词的定语从句，修饰“the way”。在含有定语从句的复合句中，the way作先行词时有以下三种情况：(1)关系词在定语从句中作状语，关系词用in which，that或省略。(2)关系词在从句中作主语，关系词用that或which。(3)关系词在从句中作宾语，关系词用that, which或省略。
which/that
that/in which/省略
that/which/省略
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