衔接点03 介词、连词（初高考点差异及衔接）（讲义）-2024年新高一英语暑假学习提升计划

这是一份衔接点03 介词、连词（初高考点差异及衔接）（讲义）-2024年新高一英语暑假学习提升计划，文件包含衔接点03介词连词初高考点差异及衔接原卷版docx、衔接点03介词连词初高考点差异及衔接解析版docx等2份学案配套教学资源，其中学案共30页， 欢迎下载使用。

介词
【初中介词考点聚焦】
考点一 时间介词、方位介词、方式介词和其他介词
1.A new bridge was built the Yellw River last year.
A.arund B.acrss C.against D.alng
2.Abut 12，000 peple tk part in the 2023 Suqian Marathn April 2.
A.at B.n C.in D.t
3.Nw students have mre free time night because f the “duble reductin” plicy.
A.in B.n C.at D.t
4.The traffic light is green. Let’s g the rad.
A.against B.amng C.acrss D.abve
5. spring， the days are ften windy and bright. It’s a perfect time t fly a kite.
A.On B.In C.At D.With
考点二 介词短语及固定搭配
1.We need t tell peple t just d ne small thing well 100 things prly.
A.as well as B.instead f C.accrding t D.because f
2.N ne helped me. I did it all myself.
A.fr B.f C.by D.abut
3.Place names ften have interesting cnnectins the lcal landscape and peple.
A.in B.n C.at D.t
【高中介词考点聚焦】
考纲解读
介词的考查形式多样, 除了单纯考查介词外, 还常考查介词与其他词的搭配。此外, 在定语从句中, 也常考查“介词+关系代词”的用法。有些介词的考查频率较高, 如with, beynd。
考点清单
考点一、表示工具、手段、方式的介词的用法
要点精讲：
①by涉及交通工具的单数名词且该名词前不加冠词和任何修饰语。by还可以表示"靠……手段,用……方法,凭借……",后可接名词、代词或动词-ing。
by sea, by water, by land, by air, by bike, by taxi, by plane, by ship/bat, by train, by spaceship
We can realize ur dream by wrking hard. 通过努力我们可以实现梦想。
Yu can make the cake by mixing eggs and flur. 把鸡蛋与面粉混合，你就可以做出那种蛋糕。
②with表示"用,使用(某种工具、物品或材料等)"。所接名词前应加冠词或形容词性物主代词。
He sharpened his pencil with a knife.他用小刀削铅笔。
We see with ur eyes, hear with ur ears, and walk with ur legs. 我们用眼睛看，用耳朵听，用腿走路。
③in表示用材料、方式、方法、度量、单位、语言、声音等。如：
The bk was written in Chinese.这本书是用中文写的。
He spke in a lud vice. 他大声说话。
Please write in ink，nt in pencil. 请用墨水写，不要用铅笔写。
④n表示"通过,使用,借助于”媒体工具。如
She learns English n the radi/n TV.她通过收音机/电视学英语。
单句填空
1. I usually g t schl ______ my dad’s car, while my brther ges t schl _____ ft.
2.In India, fr example, mst peple traditinally eat ________their hands.
3. A cuplet writer may shw his feelings ________ means f describing the scenery r expressing his wishes in his wrks.
考点二、表示"原因或理由"的介词的用法
要点精讲：
单句填空
1. Yu dn’t need t aplgize __________ a minr slip.
2. Giggling kids raced cheerfully alng the lakeside beach, ___________ their parents enjying the shady picnic areas under the trees alng the shre.
考点三、表示“除了……”的介词的用法
要点精讲：①besides指“除了……还有”，与in additin t/apart frm/aside frm同义。作连接副词时，意为“此外”。如：
Tw freign teachers were present at the meeting besides Smith. 除了史密斯之外，还有两名外籍教师出席了会议。
②but作介词时，意为“除了(……之外)”，常用在n, all, nbdy, anywhere, everything, n等词和其他疑问词后面。如：
Wh but a fl wuld d such a thing? 除了傻瓜谁会做这样的事？
③except与except fr都意为“除……外”，两者一般都不能位于句首。但except后接的词同整体词（主语）一般是同类，指在同类的整体中除去一个部分。except fr后接的词同整体词（主语）不是同类的，指从整体中除去一个细节。如：
The ffice is pen every day except Sundays. 除了星期日这家公司每天都营业。
His diary is gd except fr a few spelling mistakes. 除了一些拼写错误，他的日记写得还不错。
单句填空
1. ________thse measures in schls, 47 ftball training camps have als been built in an effrt t prmte the sprt amng yung peple.
2. He ges t the library every day ________when he is nt well.
考点四、两组高频易混介词比较
要点精讲1：表示支持、反对的介词fr, against
单句填空
1. Mary sld the huse even thugh it was​​________ her husband's wish.
2. Our Natinal Flag stands ut brightly ________ the blue sky.
3.Museums must cmpete _______peple’s spare time and mney with ther amusements.
要点精讲2：表示“像……”的介词as, like
as用作介词，指身份、资格，意为“作为”。如：
Let me speak t yu as a father. (事实上是父亲)
Treat me as a friend. 把我当作朋友。
like用作介词，意为“像……一样”。如：
Let me speak t yu like a father. (事实上不是父亲)
He lks like his father. 他长得像他父亲。
单句填空
1. Yu are nt wearing yur seat belt, s yu can slide in and ut f yur seat easily. That sunds ________ a lt f fun.
2. We start with small talk， a plite cnversatin abut smething ______ traffic r weather.
3. Fr Lucy, nthing beats traveling, which she described ________ her favrite part f being alive.
考点五 介词的习惯搭配
初中要求
学习时间，方位等介词的基本含义和用法
高中要求
介词的考查形式多样, 除了单纯考查介词外, 还常考查介词与其他词的搭配。此外, 在定语从句中, 也常考查“介词+关系代词”的用法。有些介词的考查频率较高, 如with, beynd。
介词
用法
例句
fr
常与表示闻名、奖罚等意义的形容词或动词连用,如famus, knwn, praise, punish等
Xi'an is famus fr its lng histry.西安因历史悠久而著名。
at
常与表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词(如happy, pleased, angry, delighted等)连用,表示产生这种情感的原因
He was surprised at the news.听到这个消息他很惊讶。
with
常与表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的抽象名词连用,强调随着心理变化而产生的情感变化
He shuted ludly with anger. 他气得大喊大叫。
frm
常接抽象名词,表示自然或间接原因
She felt sick frm tiredness.她累得浑身不对劲。
f
多用于表示自身的原因;也常用于某些与情感相关的形容词后
Her friend died f cancer.她的朋友死于癌症。
His father is prud f him.他父亲为他感到骄傲。
介词
词义
例句
against
反对，倚靠，逆着，相反，在……的衬托下，与……比赛
She was frced t marry against her will. 她被迫违心地嫁了人。
That's against the law. 那是违法的。
The skier's red clthes std ut clearly against the snw. 滑雪者的红衣服在雪的衬托下显得分外醒目。
fr
支持，赞成，与in favr f同义
Are yu fr r against the new rad scheme?
你对修建新道路的计划是赞成还是反对？
1.与形容词构成的搭配
(1)be＋adj.＋abut
be anxius abut 对……忧虑
be curius abut 对……好奇
(2)be＋adj.＋at
be angry at 因……生气
be gd at 擅长
(3)be＋adj.＋in
be absrbed in 专注于……
be active in 积极于……
be dressed in 穿着……
be engaged in 忙于……
(4)be＋adj.＋fr
be eager fr 渴望……
be famus fr 因……著名
be fit fr 适合，胜任……
be ready fr 准备好……
(5)be＋adj.＋frm
be absent frm 缺席
be different frm 不同于
(6)be＋adj.＋t
be clse t 接近……
be devted t 致力于……
be equal t 等于……
be familiar t 对……来说熟悉
(7)be＋adj.＋f
be aware f 意识到……
be fnd f 喜欢……
(8)be＋adj.＋with
be busy with 忙于……
be familiar with 对……熟悉
be patient with 对……有耐心
2．与名词构成的搭配
(1)“at＋n.”表示状态
at a lss 不知所措
at peace 处于和平中
at war 在战争中
at wrk 在工作
(2)“n＋n.”表示状态
n exhibitin/shw 在展出
n fire 着火
n sale 出售，打折
n the way 在途中
(3)“by＋n.”表示方式
by accident 偶然
by air/plane 乘飞机
by chance 偶然
by design 故意
(4)“in＋n.”表示方式
in cash 用现金付款
in depth 在深度上
in detail 详细地
in height 在高度上
(5)“f＋n.”表示特征(等于相应的形容词)
f benefit 有益处的
f use 有用的
(6)“ut f＋n.”表示状态
ut f balance 失去平衡
ut f breath 上气不接下气
(7)“with＋n.”表示方式
with delight/jy 高兴地
with difficulty 困难地
一．单句语法填空(用单词的适当形式完成句子)
1.We were first greeted with the barking by a pack dgs, seven t be exact.
2.First celebrated 1970, the Day nw includes events in mre than 190 cuntries and regins(地区).
3.—Gd mrning, Mr. Lee’s ffice.
—Gd mrning. I’d like t make an appintment next Wednesday afternn.
4.Crn uses less water rice and creates less fertilizer (化肥) runff.
5.]This trend, which was started by the medical cmmunity(医学界) a methd f fighting heart disease, has had sme unintended side effects such as verweight and heart disease...
6.It ran fr just under seven kilmeters and allwed peple t avid terrible crwds n the rads abve as they travelled t and wrk.
7.Many peple wh live alng the cast make a living the fishing industry.
8.When yu drive thrugh the Redwd Frests in Califrnia, yu will be trees that are ver 1,000 years ld.
9.Determining where we are relatin t ur surrundings remains an essential skill fr ur survival.
10.We ffer an excellent educatin t ur students. return, we expect students t wrk hard.
11.The study suggests that the cultures we grw up influence the basic prcesses by which we see the wrld arund us.
12.Fr thse wh fly t Guilin, it’s nly an hur away car and ffers all the scenery f the better-knwn city.
13.Have yu ever heard f the trees that are hmes animals bth n land and sea?
14.When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are nw cld enugh t cl the huse during the ht day; the same time, they warm up again fr the night.
15.Many f the things we nw benefit frm wuld nt be arund but Thmas Edisn.
二．专项语篇型填空(介词和介词短语)
As we knw, water is very imprtant 1 man. Hwever, when my classmates and I went t twn tgether 2 bike ne Saturday, we fund many car washes n bth sides f the rad. Nw twns are badly shrt 3 fresh water. We shuld save every drp f water 4 ur daily life. Water, especially fresh water, is very imprtant t us. We shuld be clear 5 the fact and I hpe the gvernment can take measures t slve the prblem as sn as pssible. D yu agree with me 6 this pint?
As students, we shuld d ur part 7 prtecting water. Firstly, we shuld knw that in ur daily life, we shuld save water, electricity and paper. Mrever, recycle whatever we can, 8 the water that has been used. Last but nt least, dn’t frget t influence thse 9 yu t fllw, and raise their awareness f saving water! If we dn’t act nw t prtect water, it will run ut ne day, which will be a threat 10 the survival f us human beings.
连词
【初中连词考点聚焦】
考点一 并列连词
1.Read the bk Cute Pets， yu will knw hw t take care f yur cat.
A.r B.s C.and D.but
2.Life is like a ne⁃way race， treasure every mment as time cannt be wn again.
A.s B.and C.r D.but
考点二 从属连词
1.I will try my best t help yu， I dn’t knw what t start with yet.
A.whether B.since
C.thugh D.until
2. astrnauts g n spacewalks， they wear spacesuits t keep themselves safe.
A.Thugh B.Till
C.When D.Unless
3.—It is impssible t finish the difficult task in such a shrt time n my wn bth f us wrk tgether.
—N prblem. Let’s start!
A.if B.but
C.because D.unless
3.—Yu knw ? In 12 hurs!
—That’s crazy. Hw is it even pssible?
A.hw sn we must finish the task
B.hw ften we must finish the task
C.hw sn must we finish the task
D.hw ften must we finish the task
4.Agatha Christie was a female writer is cnsidered the queen f crime nvels.
A.what B.whse C.wh D.which
5.—D yu knw the by is talking t Mr Zhang?
—Yes. He is ur mnitr.
A.which B.wh C.whse D.whm
【高中连词考点聚焦】
考纲解读
考纲要求理解并列句的结构, 掌握并列连词的基本意义, 根据句子之间的相互关系能正确运用连词。掌握构成并列句的并列连词如: and, r, but, yet, s, while, when和either. . . r. . . , neither. . . nr. . . , nt nly. . . but als. . . 等。及在名词性从句，状语从句，定语从句中连词的用法
考点清单
一、并列句
并列句由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成。在并列句中，这些简单句常由并列连词(短语)连在一起。
①In additin, its abundant fd resurces and energy in the cean make it pssible fr living things t survive. 此外，海洋中丰富的食物资源和能源使生物生存成为可能。[2022·全国甲卷书面表达]
②We sat dwn next t each ther, but David wuldn't lk at me.[2022·新高考卷Ⅰ读后续写]
我们挨着坐下，但大卫不愿看我一眼。
③He must have been caught in the rain, fr he is wet all ver.他一定淋雨了，因为他全身都湿了。
④Either yu must imprve yur wrk r I shall dismiss yu.要么你改进工作，要么我就辞退你。
[指津]
(1)when可用作并列连词，意为“这时，那时”，相当于at this/that time。常用于下列句式：
be abut t d sth. when...正要做某事，这时突然……
be n the pint f ding sth. when...正要做某事，这时突然……
be ding sth. when...正在做某事，这时突然……
had dne sth. when...刚做了某事，这时突然……
He was abut t g t schl when a strng wind began t blw.他正要去上学，这时突然刮起了大风。
(2)“祈使句＋and/r＋陈述句”，有时祈使句部分也可用名词短语。
Hurry up，r yu'll be late again．快点，否则你会再迟到。
1.As time ges by, these seeds can cme up grw in the near future.
2.Hwever, they have been testing t see if eating sil is safe fr the bdy if it may cause any side effects in the past few mnths.
3.Yu may want t keep a calm md, yu shuld never stp fighting fr yurselves!
二、状语从句
时间状语从句
1. she picked up the phne after dinner t cntinue with the game, she started t feel that smething was wrng with her right eye.
2.Thugh reading a lt, accrding t Sandra, she didn’t really start writing she attended her first creative writing class in cllege.
3.Think first yu lse patience with smene yu lve.
条件状语从句
1. we make gd use f public transprt, the envirnment will be better.
让步状语从句
1. scientists have learned a lt abut the universe, there is much we still dn’t knw.
2.A pair f red shes — they are fr sprts, dances r just fashin — is a must-have fr every Chinese wman’s she cllectin.
原因状语从句
1.They are pretending t keep a healthy and wise attitude twards failure simply they are incapable(无能力的) f succeeding.
结果状语从句
S absrbed was he in his wrk he frgt t have lunch.
方式状语从句
The huse was greatly damaged by the truck and we’d better leave it it is until the plice arrive.
1. yu can sleep well, yu will lse the ability t fcus, plan and stay mtivated after ne r tw nights.
2. we dn’t stp climate change, many animals and plants in the wrld will be gne.
3.Let’s nt pick these peaches until this weekend that they get sweet enugh t be eaten.
4.—Peter, please send us pstcards we’ll knw where yu have visited.
—N prblem.
5.If yu dn’t understand smething, yu may research, study, and talk t ther peple yu figure it ut.
6. birds use their feathers fr flight, sme f their feathers are fr ther purpses.
7.Lcated the Belt meets the Rad, Jiangsu will cntribute mre t the Belt and Rad cnstructin.
8.In much f Asia, especially the s-called "rice bwl" cultures f China, Japan, Krea, Vietnam, fd is usually eaten with chpsticks.
9.Over time, the ppulatin grew, peple began cutting fd int small pieces s it wuld ck mre quickly.
10.I really enjy listening t music it helps me relax and takes my mind away frm ther cares f the day.
11.He is a shy man, he is nt afraid f anything r anyne.
12.There is nly ne mre day t g yur favrite music grup play live.
13.Just a single wrd can change the meaning f a sentence, a single sentence can change the meaning f a paragraph.
二．专项语篇型填空(并列连词和状语从句)
"Everything happens fr the best," my mther said 1 I faced disappintment. " 2 yu can carry n, ne day smething gd will happen."
After graduating frm cllege, I decided t try fr a jb in a radi statin 3 wrk my way t a sprts annuncer. I went t Chicag, kncked n the dr f every statin, 4 gt turned dwn every time.
In ne studi, a kind lady advised me t g t the cuntryside and find a small statin, 5 big statins culdn’t risk hiring an inexperienced persn. I returned t my hmetwn, 6 was turned dwn even when I applied fr a jb in a sprts department f a stre. It wasn’t lng 7 I decided t try my luck again in anther city. In Davenprt, Iwa, the prgram directr f a cmpany gt me beside a micrphne and asked me t bradcast an imaginary game.
8 I began t wrk in the cmpany, I’ve always thught f my mther’s wrds: "Keep n trying, 9 sme day yu will succeed. Smething wuldn’t happen withut previus failure." 10 jb I later have dne, I always think abut what my mther nce taught me, which acts as my guideline in life.
Mre than tw thirds f the wrld's plar bears will be wiped ut(消灭) by 2050,accrding t a shcking study. By then, scientists say, glbal warming will have melted 42percent f the Arctic sea ice. By 2100, nly a very few f these creatures will be left.
The reprt has been prduced by the US Gelgical(地质学的) Survey. The scientists have publicized their findings in the hpe that the gvernment culd put plar bears n the Us endangered species(濒危物种)list.
Plar bears depend n flating sea ice as a platfrm fr hunting seals, which are their main fd. Withut enugh ice, plar bears wuld be frced t g nt the land, where they are prly skilled hunters, and wuld be unlikely t adapt(适应) t the life n land in time. Experts say few little bears wuld survive and the stress culd make many females unable t get pregnant.
The team f American and Canadian scientists spent six mnths studying bears, n the grund, frm sptter planes(侦察机)and in the lab, using cmputer mdels. Sme team members fear the result is even wrse fr the bears than what their reprt says. They say the Arctic is warming faster than anywhere in the wrld and much faster than their cmputers frecasted(预测）.Satellite bservatins have shwed that the ice has decreased t an all-time(空前的)lw.
Hwever, nt everyne in the scientific cmmunity believes that glbal warming is happening n such an alarming scale(程度). Anther investigatin has fund that plar bears are still being hunted by wealthy “sprtsmen” wh want their skins. At least ten internatinal cmpanies ffer bear-hunting trips.
1.What is the main reasn fr the scientists t publicize their findings?
A. T find slutins t glbal warming.
B. T shw ff the results f their research.
C. T let peple knw plar bears are dangerus animals.
D. T raise gvernment’s awareness t the prtectin f plar bears.
2.Why will plar bears die ut if there is nt enugh sea ice?
A. Because plar bears can't catch enugh fd withut ice.
B. Because plar bears eat ice when they feel thirsty.
C. Because plar bears will be easily fund by hunters withut ice.
D. Because mst female bears are used t giving birth under ice.
3. After a six-mnth study, sme scientists fear that
A. there is smething wrng with their cmputers
B. glbal warming will destry everything in the Arctic
C. their cmputer mdels are nt as accurate as they expected
D. plar bears will disappear even faster than they ever expected
4.What can be inferred frm the last paragraph?
A. The frecast abut the future f plar bears is nt crrect.
B. The prblem f glbal warming is nt s serius actually.
C. Plar bears are an endangered species as a result f bear-hunting.
D. Besides glbal warming, bear- hunting is anther reasn fr the decrease in plar bears.
初中要求
并列连词and,r,either.…r,neither.…nr,but,fr,s等
从属连词主要有that,whether,if,when,where,s that等
高中要求
1.掌握并列连词的基本意义, 根据句子之间的相互关系能正确运用连词。掌握构成并列句的并列连词如: and, r, but, yet, s, while, when和either. . . r. . . , neither. . . nr. . . , nt nly. . . but als. . . 等。
2.掌握从属连词
主要考查连词的判断选用, 以对时间状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句和结果状语从句的考查最为频繁。
项目
连词
例句
注意事项
时间状语从句
when, while, as, befre，after, since，until, the mment等
When I was walking alng the street, I met a friend f mine.
I will tell him the news the mment he cmes.
要注意时态一致，一般情况下，在时间状语从句中，表示将来的动作用一般现在时(不可用将来时)
地点状语从句
where, wherever
Where there is a will, there is a way.
We are always welcme wherever we g.
注意不要和where引导的定语从句混淆，若是定语从句，where前必然有先行词
条件状语从句
if, unless, as/s lng as, n cnditin that, in case等
Yu shuld g t schl unless yu are seriusly ill.
He will certainly pass the exam next term if he wrks hard at his lessns.
条件状语从句和时间状语从句一样，当主句是将来时的时候，从句要用一般现在时
原因状语从句
because，since，as，nw (that)
He didn't g t schl because he was ill.
As he is a League member, he takes the lead in everything in his class.
①because语气最强，回答why提出的问题；since次之；as最弱；
②as引导的从句往往放在主句前面，fr后面的并列分句往往表示一种附带的解释或说明
让步状语从句
althugh, thugh，while, as, even if/thugh，whatever, hwever, whever, n matter what/wh/hw
Althugh he is a child, he knws a lt.
Tired as/thugh I was, I went n with my wrk.
I will g and attend the meeting hwever busy I am.
①当用thugh或 althugh引导从句时，后面的主句不能有but；
②as引导的让步状语从句必须把表语、状语或动词原形提前
结果状语从句
, , s that
He runs s fast that n ne can catch up with him.
It was such an interesting nvel that I read it three times. I gt up late s that I missed the early bus.
在s... that... 和 结构中，s为副词，后面跟形容词、副词或分词，而such为限定词，后面只能跟名词或名词性短语
方式状语从句
as, just as, as if, as thugh
We shuld wrk and study as he did.
They talked as if they had been friends fr years.
as if, as thugh在方式状语从句中多指非真实的或可能性较小的情况，常用虚拟语气
比较状语从句
as... as..., nt , 比较级＋than
He wrks as hard as everyne else (des) in the class.
He is taller than any ther student in ur schl.
可以用比较句型表示在一定范围内的最高级含义：比较级＋than＋any ther＋单数可数名词
目的状语从句
s that, in rder that, fr fear that, in case (that)
She studies hard s that/in rder that she can enter a key university.
Take an umbrella with yu in case it shuld rain.
从句中常用may, might, can, culd, shuld等情态动词