专题07 完形填空（讲义）-2024年新高一英语暑假学习提升计划

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1.从体裁上来看，以记叙文、夹叙夹议文为主，议论文为辅。文意思路清晰、条理清楚，便于学生理解和掌握。随着教学改革的深入和学生英语水平的普遍提高，在今后的高考英语中，体裁也可能会采用夹叙夹议或有关科学研究、成果介绍的说明文。所以我们在重视记叙文的同时，也不可忽视议论文和说明文。
2.从题材上来看，选材新颖、时尚，内容贴近学生的实际生活，将知识和教育融为一体。用社会热点、学习生活、人物故事等，来传递社会正能量；以普及社会常识为宗旨，体现思维品质，文化意识的学科素养。侧重从三个层面考查语境理解的能力：即对文章的中心内容和整体结构的把握和理解；对上下文或者句子之间关系的把握及理解；对句子结构和意义的把握和理解。
3.考查以实词为主，其中动词、名词、形容词/副词考查较多，而连词、介词、代词的考查比较少。
做题小技巧
1.重首句，易入题
完形填空的题眼往往出现在文章的开头。通过把握首句,可以确定文章的话题、主题、背景、人物、时间、地点、事件等,从而把握文章的发展方向,达到顺利“入题”的目的。
2.寻复现，找答案
完形填空选项的设置,命题人往往通过原词复现、同根词复现、同义词复现、近义词复现、上下词复现等方式重现已经出现过的词汇。做题时,在把握语篇、透析语境的前提下,应留心选项中是否有与上下文中相对应的词汇,运用词汇复现技巧快速锁定答案。
3.看语境，辨词义
完形填空的四个选项词性相同,意义相近。如果脱离语境或只看句子的一部分,可能会有两个或两个以上的答案。做题时,要从整体上把握文章内容,区分文章的结构层次和逻辑关系,同时认真比较所给选项,从中选出最佳答案。
4.析逻辑，索答案
完形填空中有些题目侧重考查对人物话语逻辑性的精准判断以及对特殊语境下的情绪演变、行为态度、语言褒贬和方式转变的理解判断。常见的命题方式包括心理揣测、动作交互、因果关系、转折关系、让步关系、递进关系、增补关系、对比关系等。解决此类问题时要关注连词的功能、词语的多义性、词语的情感色彩和动作发生的先后顺序,借助具体语境和人物的特定身份,顺着原文的思路,依据上下文进行合乎逻辑的推断。
5.据搭配，知答案
完形填空中,有时会涉及短语,以动词短语为主,偶见介词短语等。解题时,可以通过仔细观察和回忆所学知识,进行有效推断,选择正确答案。
6.重平行,觅逻辑
文章中的意群总是通过一定的逻辑关系连在一起,特别是并列平行的结构。这些结构要么通过标点符号体现,要么通过并列连词连接。一般来说,这些平行结构所表达的语境是一致的,考生解题时要特别注意这一点。
7.依常识,定答案
完形填空虽然是独立的语篇,但有时会渗透很多科技、文化、历史、地理、风俗民情等方面的知识。同学们在做题时如果能积极主动地调动自己已有的文化背景和生活常识,特别是注意中西文化的差异并巧妙加以利用,将会有效简化分析与判断过程,节省宝贵时间,取得“事半功倍”的效果。
8.破难句,解句意
完形填空的文章中会出现一些长句或难句,而它们往往会影响一些答案的选择。这时就要在理解上下文逻辑关系的基础上有针对性地对句子结构、句子特点进行分析,准确理解句意,明确所填选项在句中的语法功能,从而做出正确判断。
9.巧排除,降难度
在掌握文章大意和细节的前提下,考生可以通过试填试题中的选项选出最吻合语境、最衔接语义的选项,这种解题方法被称为“排除错项”。
基础题
一
通读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后在各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出一个最佳选项。
In February 2007, abut tw hundred paragliders were in Australia t prepare fr the Wrld Champinship. They included Ewa Wisnierska, a German paragliding champin (冠军). One mrning, as the ___1___ were getting ready t take ff, they nticed that a terrible strm was cming. Hwever, they decided t ___2___. After all, these were the best paragliders in the wrld.
Unluckily, as the cmpetitrs tk ff, the weather quickly became ___3___. Ewa tried t get away frm the strm, but tw huge ___4___ came tgether and caught her.
The cluds pulled Ewa up inside the strm like a leaf in the ___5___. She flew higher and higher, with lightning (闪电) and hailstnes (冰雹) all arund her. “I was ___6___,” she tld reprters afterwards. “The last thing I ___7___, it was dark. I culd hear lightning all arund me.” She ___8___ t abut 10,000 meters high and then lst all her senses. At that height, the temperature was abut -40℃.
After frty minutes Ewa wke up. She was still inside the strm. It was dark and hailstnes were ___9___ past. They were as big as tennis balls. Finally, Ewa came ut f the strm clud and ___10___ twards a small farm and landed ___11___. She fell t the grund, t ___12___ t call fr help. When her team ____13____ her, she was 60 km away frm the place where she tk ff. She was cvered in ice—but alive!
Ewa was sent t a (an) ___14___ fr treatment at nce, but a few days later, she cmpeted in the Wrld Champinship. “Flying is t fantastic t stp ___15___ an accident,” she said.
1. A. runnersB. cmpetitrsC. piltsD. winners
2. A. get upB. turn nC. lk upD. carry n
3. A. clderB. clerC. wrseD. wetter
4. A. strmsB. cludsC. birdsD. hands
5. A. windB. rainC. treeD. wrld
6. A. shakingB. pullingC. dreamingD. smiling
7. A. decideB. repeatC. cnsiderD. remember
8. A. guidedB. drveC. returnedD. rse
9. A. flyingB. walkingC. cryingD. pushing
10. A. climbedB. jumpedC. headedD. swam
11. A. cmfrtablyB. safelyC. sadlyD. secretly
12. A. prudB. nervusC. weakD. brave
13. A. servedB. caughtC. visitedD. reached
14. A. hspitalB. schlC. htelD. ffice
15. A. next tB. accrding tC. because fD. instead f
二
阅读下面短文，从文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。
Jack sat alne n the bus ride hme frm schl. All his friends were ____1____ their class prjects excitedly, but Jack remained silent. Hw culd they understand his feelings when their parents wuld help them? His parents wrked all the time.
When the bus stpped, he raced hme, ____2____ his schlbag n the flr, and walked straight t his bedrm.
“Jack?” Grandpa’s ____3____ called ut. “Was that yu?”
Jack stpped ____4____ he clsed his bedrm dr. “Yes, Grandpa, it’s me.”
Grandpa Higgins came frm the kitchen carrying a sandwich. “Yu dn’t sund kay,” he said as he tk a ____5____.
Shuld Jack tell Grandpa the truth? What culd it hurt? He quickly ____6____ they shuld d a class prject fr the weekend and tgether they wuld build smething with an adult. The students needed t make a ____7____ t explain hw their prjects had gne.
Grandpa listened quietly. “____8____ are yu s unhappy?”
Jack felt his ____9____ and anger rising inside him. “Because I dn’t have anyne t help me.” He sunded s sad and s angry.
Grandpa raised his eyebrws ____10____. “What am I?” he asked gently.
Jack frze. “Yu’d build a prject with me, Grandpa?”
“Sure, I wuld,” Grandpa said. “Just let me finish this sandwich.”
Jack’s heart seemed s ____11____ that he thught it wuld flat away. He rushed t the schlbag and ____12____ his assignment paper. Then, they studied the assignment and made a list f ideas. Finally, they ____13____ t build a cardbard rbt frm ld biscuit and ndle bxes. They used glue, staples, and tape. Grandpa helped a lt and he ____14____ fund a bx f eyeball stickers.
When they finished, Jack lked at their misshapen (奇形怪状的) rbt. He culdn’t stp smiling. “I think it’s the best ____15____ I have ever built. Nw I have t write my reprt,” Jack said, hugging Grandpa. “Thank yu, Grandpa. I had a lt f fun.”
1. A. discussingB. buildingC. reprtingD. imprving
2. A. drppedB. hungC. stuckD. hid
3. A. prnunciatinB. viceC. niseD. sund
4. A. ifB. untilC. befreD. thugh
5. A. breakB. biteC. rideD. drink
6. A. recmmendedB. cnsideredC. cnfirmedD. explained
7. A. changeB. reprtC. rbtD. chice
8. A. HwB. WhereC. WhyD. What
9. A. sadnessB. envyC. jyD. excitement
10. A. in luckB. in fearC. in angerD. in surprise
11. A. heavyB. bigC. lightD. empty
12. A. tk utB. put awayC. handed inD. cut ff
13. A. prmisedB. frgtC. refusedD. decided
14. A. justB. evenC. stillD. ever
15. A. rmB. tableC. schlbagD. rbt
提高题
一
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Jenna, a ppular girl frm Westwd Middle Schl, had graduated first in her class and was ready fr new 1 in high schl.
2 , high schl was different. In the first week, Jenna went t tryuts fr cheerleaders. She was cmpeting against very talented girls, and she knew it wuld be 3 fr her t be selected. Tw hurs later, the 4 read a list f the girls fr a secnd tryut. Her heart 5 as the list ended withut her name. Feeling 6 , she walked hme carrying her schlbag full f hmewrk.
Arriving hme, she started with math. She had always been a gd math student, but nw she was 7 . She mved n t English and histry, and was 8 t find that she didn't have any truble with thse 9 . Feeling better, she decided nt t 10 math fr the time being.
Later in math class, Jenna devted herself t figuring ut the prblems that had given her s much 11 . By the end f class, she understd hw t get them right. As she gathered her bks, Jenna decided she'd cntinue t try t 12 at her new schl. She wasn't sure if she'd succeed, but she knew she had t 13 . High schl was just as her mm had said, “Yu will feel like a small fish in a big pnd 14 a big fish in a small pnd. The challenge is t becme the 15 fish yu can be.”
B.decisinsC.challenges D.exercises
B.OtherwiseC.Hwever D.Besides
B.easyC.difficult D.interesting
B.bssC.winner D.judge
B.stppedC.sank D.raced
B.strangeC.happy D.lnely
B.imprvingC.wrking D.crying
B.annyedC.shcked D.relieved
B.bksC.subjects D.bjects
up B.prepare frC.wrry abut D.give up
B.trubleC.hpe D.srrw
in B.lk utC.stay up D.get arund
B.tryC.ask D.escape
return fr B.ut fC.in terms f D.instead f
B.bestC.weakest D.prettiest
二
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Whether it is a relaxing walk r a pwer ne, taking a walk usually nly lasts a small perid f time. This is nt the 1 fr Tm Turcich, thugh.
On April 2, 2015, Tm decided t walk arund the wrld by himself. It wasn't a 2 thught. His childhd friend died 3 at the age f 17 due t a Jet Ski accident. 4 by hw shrt life was, he was fueled by a strng 5 t live every day t the fullest.
Tm's walk 6 as a lnely jurney. But quickly, he fund himself missing the 7 n the rad. And s, while stpping in Austin, Texas, he 8 Savannah, a rescue dg. Since then, the pair have been making their way acrss brders and cntinents, 9 25,000 miles in all.
Traveling always has sme ups and dwns. Tm 10 numerus unexpected delays alng the way. His jurney was 11 due t severe weather in Panama and became very ill in Sctland. Als, he had n 12 but t wait ut the time due t the lckdwn in many cuntries. But n the 13 side, he met many kind peple and 14 the beauty f nature in different parts f the wrld.
Tm 15 himself t d smething few peple have succeeded in, which helped him gain a much deeper understanding f the wrld.
B.rutineC.reasn D.intentin
B.wiseC.sudden D.simple
B.unexpectedlyC.eventually D.undubtedly
B.ShckedC.Mved D.Surprised
B.curisityC.pride D.desire
B.prgressedC.prved D.remained
B.childhdC.cmpaninship D.citizenship
B.spttedC.saved D.adpted
B.hldingC.ccupying D.equaling
B.experiencedC.accepted D.ignred
away B.carried awayC.backed up D.held up
B.rightC.ptin D.pprtunity
B.invisibleC.mral D.bright
B.missedC.recalled D.preserved
B.challengedC.suffered D.renewed
三
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Exercise and I had never had a gd relatinship due t my fear f sprts. Frm a yung age, my dad 1 me int a dzen sprts. I didn't like any f them, 2 .
When I entered the University f Regina, my dad 3 telling me “Yu have t find a way t stay 4 .” r “Yu dn't want t get the Freshman 15, d yu?” S I 5 t give swimming a sht, but I 6 managed t g t the pl twice during the fall semester(学期). Wrse still, I was 7 t cnvince myself that's OK.”
The spring semester came. A friend f mine 8 me if I wanted t try Zumba(尊巴) with her. All I knew abut Zumba was that it was basically a kind f exercise:dancing t Latin pp sngs. It didn't sund t bad, but I culdn't be 9 .
I went, and that was it. Zumba became my 10 f tea. The instructr wuld always say, “Dn't wrry abut the steps. Have fun. D yur wn thing.” That remved my 11 f sprts. I didn't have t be 12 . I didn't even have t be gd. I just needed t 13 the music and mve. Zumba did 14 me frm the Freshman 15, and it als did s much mre. It let me make 15 with my unpleasant past abut physical exercise, and enjy staying healthy.
B.allwed C.frced D.invited
B.thughC.instead D.besides
B.riskedC.regretted D.kept
shape B.fr funC.at ease D.n business
B.happenedC.bthered D.decided
B.merelyC.cnstantly D.gradually
B.cntentC.embarrassed D.disappinted
B.cmfrtedC.asked D.annyed
B.prud C.careful D.sure
B.part C.share D.muth
B.passinC.fear D.cnfidence
B.psitiveC.adrable D.fficial
B.feelC.display D.cmpare
B.separateC.discurage D.save
B.senseC.peace D.cntact
四
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
When Hurricane Laura 1 the city f Lake Charles, an evacuatin(疏散;撤离) was rdered. But fr the 19 newbrn babies, leaving was pretty much 2 . Members at the hspital were 3 that they'd remain with them until the danger passed.
With the strng wind thrugh the twn, Dr. Juan Bssan with 14 nurses, and sme ther24 stayed behind in the NICU, 5 their little babies in turn. Later, fr their safety, they sent the babies t their main campus acrss the 6 in under tw hurs. The whle hspital went all ut t make sure the babies and everything necessary safely made the 7 .
Unfrtunately, during the night the air cnditining was 8 ut and water was cut ff in the hspital. Thrughut the hurricane, Dr. Bssan kept anxius parents calm by frequent 9 n his Facebk page.
The strm ver, the babies were sent t ther NICUs where necessary services hadn't been 10 by the hurricane. “This mrning, the babies were 11 . Thank gdness, I finally gt a cuple f hurs f 12 ,” said Bssan. It's imprtant t knw the devtin f all the nurses and dctrs t keep taking care f the babies when they didn't even knw the 13 f their hmes. “In a small twn like this, peple have t 14 . I'm prud f them,” Bssan 15 .
B.leftC.hit D.beat
B.necessaryC.imprtant D.suitable
B.wrriedC.annyed D.determined
B.parentsC.dctrs D.friends
fr B.caring frC.asking fr D.waiting fr
B.cuntryC.schl D.university
B.tripC.day D.plan
B.turnedC.checked D.called
B.titlesC.tpics D.psts
B.trappedC.suffered D.affected
B.safe C.awake D.calm
B.fcusC.energy D.entertainment
B.designC.cnditin D.impressin
tgether B.cme tgetherC.pull tgether D.get tgether
B.addedC.intrduced D.advanced
五
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Steve and Mark were gd friends. They decided t spend their vacatin in Haiti. Since they culdn't 1 French, they tk a French wrdbk with them and hped it wuld help them in difficult situatins.
The flight was 2 , and the htel was very cmfrtable. Each day after breakfast, Steve and Mark packed the picnic lunch and dinner and went ff t visit interesting places. After a few days, the bys became 3 f eating picnic meals and decided t eat a big fish dinner in a gd restaurant. Unfrtunately, they left their wrdbk in the htel.
They 4 the menu carefully. After ten minutes, Steve said t Mark, “I dn't understand this menu.” “Neither d I,” said Mark. “I see pisn n the menu. Are they 5 here?” “Maybe. They even spelled pisn 6 . They spelled it p⁃⁃i⁃s⁃s⁃⁃n instead f p⁃⁃i⁃s⁃⁃n. But it must mean the same thing. Maybe we shuld g t anther restaurant. I dn't 7 t eat smething that will kill me.” But Mark was 8 , s he said, “There is n ther restaurant near here, and I'm tired f walking arund the city. Let's rder smething else instead. It's 9 here, s the fd must be gd.”
The bys lked at the menu again. They finally decided t rder steak, 10 they really wanted fish. The bys just pinted t the wrd steak, and the waiter understd.
As they were eating, they 11 sme turists speaking English. “This 12 is delicius. We're lucky we have picked a restaurant that's famus fr its fish.”
Steve and Mark wndered what they discvered. “Famus fr its fish? There was n fish n the 13 !” said Mark.
Finally, Steve decided t find ut what all this was abut. “Excuse me, hw did yu rder fish when it wasn't n the menu?” “Sure it's n the menu. It's right here. Pissn.” The bys shuted, “Pissn. That's pisn! We were 14 why a restaurant like this culd have pisn n the menu.”
The turists 15 , and ne f them said, “N. Pissn is French fr fish.”
B.inspect C.teach D.demand
B.straightC.quick D.excellent
B.frightenedC.grateful D.fnd
B.learntC.remembered D.bserved
B.crazyC.cnfident D.fficial
B.wrngly C.simply D.natively
B.recgnizeC.request D.recver
B.equalC.tired D.endangered
B.cmfrtableC.peaceful D.crwded
B.althughC.unless D.because
B.sensedC.nticed D.heard
B.insect C.fruit D.fish
B.menu C.shw D.track
B.wnderingC.expressing D.admitting
B.shckedC.laughed D.shuted
六
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
My husband, ur children and I have had wnderful camping experiences ver the past ten years.
Sme f ur ___1___ are funny, especially frm the early years when ur children were little. Once, we ___2___ alng Chalk Creek. I was ___3___ that ur 15-mnth-ld by wuld fall int the creek (小溪). I tied a rpe arund his waist t keep him near t ur spt. That lasted abut ten minutes. He was ___4___, and his crying let the whle campgrund knw it. S ___5___ tying him up, I just kept a clse eye n him. It ___6___ — he didn’t end up in the creek. My three-year-ld, hwever, did.
Anther time, we rented a bat in Vallecit Lake. The sky was clear when we ___7___, but strms mve in fast in the muntains, and this ne quickly ___8___ ur peaceful mrning trip. The ___9___ picked up and thunder rlled. My husband stpped fishing t _____10_____ the mtr. Nthing. He tried again. N _____11_____. We were stuck in the middle f the lake with a dead mtr. As we all sat there _____12_____, a fisherman pulled up, threw us a rpe and twed (拖) us back. We were _____13_____.
Nw, every year when my husband pulls ur camper ut f the garage, we are filled with a sense f _____14_____, wndering what camping fun and _____15_____ we will experience next.
1. A. ideasB. jkesC. memriesD. discveries
2. A. campedB. drveC. walkedD. cycled
3. A. annyedB. surprisedC. disappintedD. wrried
4. A. unhurtB. unfrtunateC. uncmfrtableD. unafraid
5. A. due tB. instead fC. apart frmD. as fr
6. A. wrkedB. happenedC. matteredD. changed
7. A. signed upB. calmed dwnC. checked utD. headed ff
8. A. arrangedB. interruptedC. cmpletedD. recrded
9. A. windB. niseC. temperatureD. speed
10. A. findB. hideC. startD. fix
11. A. luckB. answerC. wnderD. signal
12. A. patientlyB. tirelesslyC. dubtfullyD. helplessly
13. A. srryB. braveC. safeD. right
14. A. reliefB. dutyC. prideD. excitement
15. A. failureB. adventureC. perfrmanceD. cnflict
七
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B，C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Like many yung peple, Jessica wants t travel the glbe. Unlike mst f them, this 25-year-ld is ding it ___1___ . She and her husband have spent the last tw years traveling the wrld, stpping everywhere frm Paris t Singapre. It might sund like ne lng, expensive ___2___ , but the cuple has an unusual way t make their travel ___3___ .
They’re part f a new frm f the ___4___ ecnmy: an nline grup f huse sitters. Thrughut their n-cst stays in ___5___ hmes, they feed pets and water plants in the hmewner’s ___6___ .
It’s nt all sightseeing. The tw travelers carefully ___7___ their trips, scheduling their days arund the pets that are smetimes difficult t ___8___ . But huse sitting als ffers a level f ___9___ they can’t find in a htel. “It’s like ____10____ at a friend’s huse,” Jessica says.
The cuple has a high ____11____ rate in getting accepted as huse sitters and they always g beynd the hmewner’s ____12____ . Fr Jessica, that means ____13____ plenty f pictures f happy pets, keeping the huse ____14____ and leaving a nice small gift befre heading t the next huse. “Yu want t make the hmewner feel that they made the right ____15____ ,” she says.
1. A. indrsB. nlineC. single-handedD. full-time
2. A. gameB. serviceC. vacatinD. prcedure
3. A. safeB. busyC. helpfulD. affrdable
4. A. lcalB. privateC. sharingD. agricultural
5. A. strangers’B. parents’C. c-wrkers’D. neighbrs’
6. A. favrB. defenseC. hnrD. absence
7. A. planB. explainC. cmpareD. cmplete
8. A. buyB. transprtC. chseD. please
9. A. supprtB. cmfrtC. cntrlD. attentin
10. A. ckingB. stayingC. waitingD. studying
11. A. successB. survivalC. grwthD. unemplyment
12. A. budgetB. abilitiesC. expectatinsD. understanding
13. A. admiringB. dnatingC. sendingD. brrwing
14 A. cleanB. penC. simpleD. empty
15. A. guessB. decisinC. respnseD. impressin