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    第9讲 定语从句-2023年(八升九)英语新九年级暑假衔接自学讲义(人教版)(带答案解析)

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    第9讲 定语从句-2023年(八升九)英语新九年级暑假衔接自学讲义(人教版)(带答案解析)

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    这是一份第9讲 定语从句-2023年(八升九)英语新九年级暑假衔接自学讲义(人教版)(带答案解析),共22页。学案主要包含了关系代词引导的定语从句等内容,欢迎下载使用。

    一、关系代词引导的定语从句
    关系代词的用法;
    在复合句中修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的名词或代词后面。定语从句所修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词,关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that,which,wh,whm,whse。
    【图示】
    考向一: 定语从句的关系词
    引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that, which, wh(宾格whm,所有格whse)等,关系副词包括where, when, why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。
    考向二: 定语从句的分类
    根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去,非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。
    考向三: 关系代词的基本用法
    The man wh/that spke at the meeting is frm Hng Kng. 会上发言的人来自香港。
    The building which/that is being built will be used as a hspital. 在建中的这幢建筑将用作医院。
    I visited a scientist whse name is knwn all ver the wrld. 我拜访了一位世界知名的科学家。
    At the beginning, I culdn’t understand everything ________ the characters said.
    A.thatB.whichC.what
    【答案】A
    【详解】句意:一开始,我不能理解角色说的每句话。
    考查定语从句。that关系代词,先行词指人或物,在从句中作主语或宾语;which关系代词,先行词指物,在从句中作主语或宾语;what不能引导定语从句;句子先行词是everything,不定代词作先行词时,关系词用that,故选A。
    【注意】1. 当关系代词在从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词要与先行词保持主谓一致。
    He is ne f the bys wh like playing basketball. 他是喜欢打篮球的男孩子之一。
    He is the ne f the bys wh likes playing basketball. 他就是那个喜欢打篮球的男孩子。
    2. 通常在以下六种情况下只能用that而不能用which:
    (1)先行词为all,much,smething,everything,nthing,little,nne,the ne等代词时。
    That is all that I want t say. 那就是我想要说的。
    2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时,只能用that,而不用which.。
    He was the first persn that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。
    This is the mst wnderful film that I have seen. 这是我看过的最精彩的电影。
    Lk at the apples. Yu can see the tw that yu gave me. 看这些苹果。你能看到你给我的那两个。
    (3)以wh或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that。
    Wh is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?
    (4)先行词被the nly, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等词修饰时,只能用that,而不用which。
    This is the same bike that I lst.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。
    Mr. Smith is the nly freigner that he knws. 史密斯先生是他唯一认识的外国人。
    (5)先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用that,而不用which。
    We were deeply impressed by the teachers and schls that we had visited. 我们访问过的老师和学校给我们留下了深刻的印象。
    I can remember well the persns and sme pictures that I saw in the rm.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。
    (6)先行词在主句中作表语,或关系代词在从句中作表语时。
    It’s a bk that will help yu a lt. 这是一本对你很有帮助的书。
    (7)主句是there be 结构,修饰主语的定语从句用that,而不用which。
    There is a bk n the desk that belngs t Tm. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。
    3. 关系词只能用which,而不用that的情况:
    (1)先行词为that, thse时,用which,而不用that。
    What’s that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么?
    (2)关系代词前有介词时,一般用which,而不用that。
    This is the rm in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。
    (3)引导非限制性定语从句,用which,而不用that。
    Tm came back, which made us happy. 汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。
    that和which的区别
    that which代表物,区别听我来叙述;
    先行若是不定代,that就把which踹;
    先行词前有两数,就用that定无误;
    先行词前最高级,还用that必无疑;
    句中若有there be,that应把which替;
    先行主中作表语,避免重复从句里;
    just, the nly,very,same,last其后也要用that。
    一、
    定语从句
    定从分类有奥妙,限与非限看逗号;
    定前必有先行词,名代两类最适宜;
    定从先行很紧密,代副两词拉关系。
    二、
    关系代词
    关系代词有六个,听我逐一来说破;
    which表物人用wh,人物都有that顾;
    which用在逗号后,意表前句你要knw;
    wh作主语很称职,whm用到宾语里。
    三、
    that用法
    that用法真有趣,两个地方它不去;
    逗号后边它不去,介词之后不考虑。
    指人的关系代词
    指人可用that, wh,以下情况多用wh;
    thse peple作先行,there be的结构中;
    先行指人不定代,从中作主wh要在;
    两个定从一起来,不要重复你有才。
    四、
    whse的用法
    定从之中少定语,whse为你唱一曲;
    whse指人又指物,所属关系要记住。
    五、
    as和which的区别
    as/which在句末,若有否定as错;
    句首只能用as,还有认知猜想词;
    固定结构用as, the same/such/s/as;
    宾不离,宾要弃。
    六、

    关系代词用法总结
    关系代词到这里,主宾表定作用起;
    关系代词作宾语,省与不省全靠你。
    七、
    特殊情况
    只记上边不可以,特殊情况告诉你;
    先行用way作状语,in which/ that /略可以;
    ne f +复作先行,从中谓语复数明;
    ne前若有nly/very,从中谓语定用单;
    定从名从可转换,all that被what换。
    八、
    二、关系代词引导的定语从句
    命题趋势:
    定语从句是中考必考考点之一,主要考查的是时态及宾语从句的语序,有时也会考查定语从句的引导词。考查的主要形式是单项填空、完形填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也会考查到定语从句。因此学生要熟练掌握定语从句的用法。关系代词引导的定语从句最为常见和常考。
    中考考查重点:
    关系代词的用法;
    在复合句中修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的名词或代词后面。定语从句所修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词,关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
    关系副词有when,where,why等
    关系副词的基本用法
    1. when在句中作状语,表示时间。
    He remembers the day when he jined the League. 他记得他入团那天。
    This was the time when he arrived. 这是他到达的时间。
    2. where在句中作状语,表示地点。
    This is the place where Lu Xun was brn. 这就是鲁迅出生的地方。
    This is the place where he wrks. 这是他工作的地点。
    3. why在句中作状语,表示原因。
    This is the reasn why he is late tday. 这就是他今天迟到的原因。
    Nbdy knws the reasn why he is ften late fr schl. 没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。
    I’ll never frget the place ______ we visited tgether last year.
    A.whichB.whatC.whD.whm
    【答案】A
    【详解】句意:我永远不会忘记我们去年一起去过的那个地方。考查定语从句。which哪一个;what什么;wh谁;whm谁,wh的宾语。该句为定语从句,且从句中缺宾语,先行词place指物,故应用关系代词which,故选A。
    【易错提醒】
    1. 当先行词为地点名词时,如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语,则用that或which引导。如:
    ☛This is the huse which/that was built by my grandfather frty years ag.
    这是我爷爷在40年前建造的房子。(定语从句中缺少主语,所以要用which/that,而不用where)
    2. 当psitin,pint,case,stage,situatin,atmsphere等表示抽象地点的名词充当先行词时,若定语从句中缺少状语,则用where来引导。如:
    ☛It’s helpful t put children in a situatin where they can see themselves differently.
    把孩子们放在一个能够让他们从不同角度看待自己的环境中对他们很有帮助。
    3. 关系副词why指原因,代替先行词并在定语从句中作原因状语,其先行词一般是reasn。
    ☛Is this the reasn why (fr which) he refused ur help? 这是他拒绝我们帮助的理由吗?
    — What can we d fr the left-hme children in the village ______ need help?
    — We culd help them with their study nline n weekends.
    A.whichB.whmC.whseD.wh
    【答案】D
    【详解】句意:—我们能为那些需要帮助的农村留守儿童做些什么呢?—我们可以在周末帮助他们在线学习。考查定语从句。which先行词指物;whm先行词指人,在从句中作宾语;whse先行词指人或物,在从句中作定语;wh先行词指人,在从句中作主语。本句先行词是the left-children,指人,且空格处在从句中作主语,故用wh引导定语从句。故选D。
    【易错提醒】
    当先行词是时间名词时,既可以用when引导定语从句,也可以用that或which引导定语从句,关键要看关系词在从句中作何种成分。若关系词在定语从句中充当状语,用when引导;若关系词在从句中充当主语或宾语,则用that或which引导。如:
    ☛D yu remember the days when we chatted with each ther all night?
    你还记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗?(when在从句中作状语)
    ☛D yu remember the days that/which we spent tgether n the farm?
    你还记得我们在农场一起度过的那些日子吗?(that或which作spent的宾语)
    【速记口诀】
    关系副词
    关系副词when/where/why,从中作状莫懈怠;
    时间用when原因why,地点where经常在;
    关系副词可替换,介词加上关系代;
    关系代,关系代,that与wh要除外;
    挑选介词要聪明,必看动词和先行;
    聪明反被聪明误,只因乱用关系副;
    关系副,关系副,定缺主宾它不住;
    它不住,它不住,关系代词来玩酷。
    三、关系代词引导的定语从句
    1、限制性定语从句是不能去掉的,否则剩下的部分就失去意义而不能成立。非限制性定语从句则不然,它只对所修饰的词作进一步的说明,去掉之后并不影响整个句子的含义。在形式上,非限制性定语从句与主句之间通常必须有逗号隔开。
    Finally we visited the Giant Yangtze Grges Dam, which is the greatest key water cntrl prject in the wrld at present. 最后我们参观了长江三峡大坝,它是目前世界上最大的水利枢纽工程。
    2、引导非限制性定语从句的which可以指代前面的先行词,也可以指代前面整个句子。
    That Peter will marry Alice, which has nt been annunced yet, has spread arund. 彼特要娶爱丽斯这件事还没宣布,却已被传得沸沸扬扬。
    3、除which外,还可用when, where, wh,whm等关系副词或关系代词引导非限制性定语从句。
    After graduatin, I decided t stay in Chngqing, where I spent my childhd and fur years f cllege life. 毕业后,我决定留在重庆,在那里我度过了我的童年和四年大学生活。
    【注意】that不能引导非限制性定语从句。
    4、在限制性定语从句中,如果先行词作宾语时,引导词可以省略;但引导非限制性定语从句的引导词不能省,同时关系代词whm不能用wh替换。
    as和which的区别
    as/which在句末,若有否定as错;
    句首只能用as,还有认知猜想词;
    固定结构用as, the same/such/s/as;
    宾不离,宾要弃。
    一、单项选择
    1.I will never frget the things and peple ________ I met in the twn.
    A.whB.thatC.whichD.whse
    2.He didn’t tell me the place ________ he was brn.
    A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when
    3.—The first thing _______ I d when I get t the ffice is t turn n the cmputer.
    —That’s because yu have t wrk n the cmputer. We even dn’t have ________ cmputers in ur ffice.
    A.that; smeB.that; anyC.which; anyD.which; sme
    4.I like the city ________ the peple are really kind and friendly.
    A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when
    5.The year f 2021 is the 20th anniversary f the mvie Harry Prter. I lk frward t seeing it again n the big screen because it’s the best mvie ________ I have ever seen.
    A.thatB.whC.whatD.which
    6.This is the htel ________ my mther used t wrk.
    A.whereB.thatC.whichD.what
    7.I knw a place ________ I can get a calculatr n sale.
    A.thatB.whichC.whereD.what
    8.The student ________ can speak gd English is my best friend.
    A.whmB.whseC.whD.when
    9.Arn Ralstn is an American man ________ is interested in muntain climbing.
    A.whB.whichC.whmD.hw
    10.The earth is the planet _________ prvides us with everything we need, fresh air, clean water and s n. It’s ur duty t prtect it.
    A.whB.thatC.whereD.when
    11.We have decided t sell five things ________ we n lnger use.
    A.thatB.whereC.whD.whse
    12.— D yu knw ________ Su Bingtian is?
    — Yes, he is a famus runner ________ set the new Asian recrd f 9. 83 secnds in men’s 100-meter race at the 2020 Tky Olympics.
    A.wh; whichB.wh; whC.whm; whD.wh; whse
    13.I’m a sprts fan. I’m interested in everything ________ is abut the Olympics in Lndn.
    A.thatB.whC.whereD.when
    14.Wh is the man ________ is standing in frnt f the crwded?
    A.whmB.whC.thatD.which
    15.The app “MAYI” encurages peple t give away the clthes ________ they dn’t need t the pr.
    A.whatB.whmC.whD.that
    16.Water is the mst precius resurce ________ peple shuld treasure.
    A.thatB.whichC.whereD.why
    17.—This is the mst exciting basketball game I have ever seen.
    — I culdn’t agree mre! The by is wearing red shirt is my elder brther.
    A.which; whB.that; whC.which; thatD.that; which
    18.Students shuld invlve themselves in cmmunity activities ________ they can gain experience fr grwth.
    A.whB.whenC.whichD.where
    19.— What kind f mvies d yu like?
    — I like mvies ________ can cheer me up.
    A.whB.whatC.hwD.that
    20.—Why are yu s wrried?
    —I’ve lst the watch ________ my dad bught me n my birthday.
    A.whmB.whC.whseD.which
    21.I can still think f the day ________ I first met my best friend.
    A.whereB.whichC.in whichD.when
    22.The lecture spke f sme writers and nvels ________ were knwn t us all.
    A.whichB.thatC.whD.what
    23.In the busy street, there were sme artists ________ the turists paid n attentin.
    A.thatB.whC.frm whmD.t whm
    24.Have yu taken a pht f the huse ________ the famus scientist was brn?
    A.whereB.in thatC.thatD.which
    25.Tm is the by ________ father drives a taxi fr a living.
    A.whB.whmC.whseD.which
    26.The plan ________ interested me mst was the ne made by Philip.
    A.whichB.whereC.whatD.in which
    27.The huse ________ the famus persn nce lived is very ld nw.
    A.whereB.whichC.thatD./
    28.I can’t accept the reasn ________ she was late fr wrk this mrning.
    A.whenB.whyC.whD.that
    29.—A bat makes a sund ________ hits things and cmes back t its ears while flying.
    —And in this way it knws ________ the things are and avids bumping int them.
    A.wh; whichB.which; whereC.that; whatD.what; in which
    30.—I ften think f the days ________ I studied with them in SFLS, ________ has left a gd memry in my life.
    —S d I.
    A.when; whatB.which; whichC.which; thatD.when; which
    二、语法选择
    As we all knw, the internet is becming mre and mre imprtant in 31 daily life. It changes everything. It is hard fr me t think 32 life was like befre the birth f the Internet. My parents remember thse days very well. When they were children, 33 peple had a cmputer in their wn hme. My mther nw uses e-mail 34 messages and phts t ur friends and relatives in England, and my father des all his banking nline. They can als buy bks, grceries, electrical gds and many 35 things with just a few clicks f the muse (and their credit card, f curse).
    As fr me. I knw many useful websites. Frm these websites, I can find 36 with schl prjects and hmewrk. My schl has its wn site, including infrmatin 37 its past, present and future: term dates, schl trips, examinatin results and s n. I als enjy just surfing the net fr fun, dwnlading music and games and 38 t ther children. 39 there are sme bad and flish peple in the wrld. These peple use the Internet t d smething bad. But if yu use it prperly, and nt t much, it can be a very 40 tl.
    31.A.usB.urC.weD.urs
    32.A.hwB.whatC.whereD.wh
    33.A.fewB.a fewC.littleD.a little
    34.A.sentB.t sendC.sendsD.sending
    35.A.the therB.antherC.thersD.ther
    36.A.mneyB.wrkC.helpD.fun
    37.A.abutB.atC.withD.withut
    38.A.talkB.will talkC.talkingD.talked
    39.A.LuckilyB.UnluckilyC.UnhappilyD.Happily
    40.A.easyB.beautifulC.usefulD.fast
    三、阅读理解
    A
    Elizabeth Clay decided t drive her ld car back t her hmetwn. But while she was driving hme, she gt a flat tire. Unfrtunately, there was n spare tire in the trunk(后备箱).
    A cuple were driving dwn the rad and stpped t help Clay. The cuple picked her up and drve her t a gas statin nearby. But when they arrived, they fund that the gas statin didn’t have the right kind f tire fr her car. S the cuple invited Clay t g t their hme.
    The cuple called arund t lk fr a suitable tire, but culdn’t find anyne wh had ne. They finally decided t let her use their car. They gave her the keys and insisted that she take it, saying that they wuldn’t be using it during the hliday anyway.
    Clay was surprised. “But I’m ging all the way t Suth Carlina! I’ll be gne fr tw weeks,” she tld them. “We knw,” they said. “We’ll be here when yu get back. Here’s ur number if yu need t get in tuch with us.”
    Clay watched as the cuple put her luggage int the car and sent her n her way. Tw weeks later, she returned t find her ld car cleaned inside and ut with three new tires.
    “Thank yu s much,” she said. “Yu didn’t need t d this.” The cuple said, “It is ur pleasure t help thers.” Clay realized that it can feel gd t help thers. She decided t help thers like the cuple helped her.
    41.What’s wrng with Elizabeth Clay n her way t her hmetwn?
    A.Her car was brken.B.She was caught by a cuple.
    C.She lst her luggage.D.She lst her way.
    42.At first, the cuple drve Elizabeth Clay t ________.
    A.their hmeB.her hmetwnC.a car factryD.a gas statin
    43.Which f the fllwing is TRUE accrding t the passage?
    A.There was a spare tire in the cuple’s truck.
    B.The gas statin didn’t have the right kind f tire.
    C.The cuple called arund and fund smene wh had a suitable tire.
    D.The cuple asked her t stay at their hme fr a night and had a gd sleep.
    44.The Chinese meaning f “suitable” in the passage is ________.
    A.便宜的B.昂贵的C.合适的D.损坏的
    45.What did Clay find when she was back tw weeks later?
    A.Her car was gne.
    B.She culdn’t get in tuch with the cuple.
    C.There was still n suitable tire fr her car.
    D.The cuple had cleaned her ld car inside and ut with three new tires.
    B
    Cmmunity (社区) service means that we d smething t help thers but we dn’t get paid. My schl asks students t d cmmunity service during their free time. It nt nly helps thers, but als lets us knw the prblems in the real wrld.
    Hmelessness (无家可归) is a big prblem all ver the wrld and is especially serius in my hmetwn, Ls Angeles. In Ls Angeles, mre than 60,000 peple have t live n the streets because they have n hmes. In rder t help these peple, I jined several cmmunity service teams. I made and gave away fd t the hmeless peple.
    One f ur services is called Share A Meal. On Thursday nights, we take turns making burrits (墨西哥卷饼) in a dining car. Burrits are perfect fd fr the hmeless peple because they are full f meat and beans. We als bring water and bananas in the car.
    After finishing making burrits, we drive arund neighbrhds, giving away burrits and ther fd t the hmeless peple. Smetimes I talk with them but their life stries make me sad. Althugh mst f them live a miserable and hard life, they still have hpes fr the future. The experience makes me decide t d my best t be a helpful persn in my cmmunity.
    46.What des the writer d in rder t help the hmeless peple?
    A.Lives n the streets with them.B.Jins the cmmunity service teams.
    C.Makes and sells burrits t them.D.Gives away much mney t them.
    47.What may the writer get frm the cmmunity service?
    A.Have sme sad experiences.B.Get sme mney.
    C.Meet different prblems.D.Learn mre abut the real wrld.
    48.What des the underlined wrd “miserable” in this passage mean?
    A.Happy.B.Terrible.C.Easy.D.Free.
    49.Which f the fllwing is true accrding t the passage?
    A.The writer is living in Ls Angeles.
    B.The writer makes burrits every Thursday night.
    C.There are mre than 60, 000 hmeless peple in America.
    D.The service teams nly ffer burrits t the hmeless peple.
    50.What is the passage mainly abut?
    A.The life f the hmeless peple.B.The hmeless peple’s stries.
    C.Hw t make burrits fr the hmeless peple.D.The experience f helping the hmeless peple.
    四、补全对话
    请通读下面对话,根据对话内容,从选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,并将答案填写在答题卡相应的位置上,选项中有一项为多余选项。
    A: Hell! I am ding a survey fr Daily TV News. Can I ask yu sme questins?
    B: 51
    A: Which d yu think is the best restaurant in yur twn?
    B: I think the Hme Feeling is the best.
    A: 52
    B: Because it has the best and freshest fd.
    A: Is it very expensive?
    B: Oh, n. 53
    A: 54
    B: Yes. And there are always lts f peple there.
    A: Oh. Hw abut the Internatinal Restaurant?
    B: 55 But it is the mst expensive.
    A: Thank yu. Bye!
    B: Bye!
    A.Why d yu think s?
    B.Sure.
    C.Srry, I’m busy.
    D.Sme peple think it has the best service.
    E.I think it’s the cheapest.
    F.Is it in a fun part f the twn?
    五、语法填空
    Yesterday Maria and her classmates had a gd time in Central Park. It was a 56 (sun) day. They met at schl at nine ’clck in the mrning. Everybdy felt very 57 (excite). On the way 58 (介词) the park, they talked and sang 59 (happy) n the bus.
    They arrived at the park half an hur 60 (late). There were many peple in the park. Sme ld peple 61 (take) a walk and sme children were flying kites. And then they were tired. Linda suggested 62 (连词) they shuld talk abut 63 (they) wn hbbies. Maria was frm Brazil and she culdn’t speak Chinese well. S she 64 (feel) very nervus when it was her turn t talk. But her classmates all encuraged 65 (she). Finally she did a gd jb.
    参考答案:
    1.B
    【详解】句意:我永远不会忘记我在镇上遇到的人和事。
    考查定语从句关系词。根据“the things and peple ... I met in the twn”可知此处是定语从句,先行词是物和人的并列,且在从句中作宾语,用that引导定语从句。故选B。
    2.C
    【详解】句意:他没有告诉我他出生的地方。
    考查定语从句的关系词。关系代词that和which在定语从句中作主语或宾语,而关系副词where在定语从句中作地点状语;when在定语从句中作时间状语。因为从句中he was brn缺一个地点状语,而这个地点状语是用where来代替。故选C。
    3.B
    【详解】句意:——我到办公室后做的第一件事就是打开电脑。——那是因为你必须在电脑上工作。我们的办公室里甚至没有电脑。
    考查定语从句及词义辨析。分析句子可知,空格处连接词引导定语从句,修饰先行词the first thing,先行词有序数词修饰,故用that引导定语从句。sme一些,用于肯定句中;any任何,用于否定句或疑问句中。结合“dn’t”可知,此处是否定句,应用any。故选B。
    4.C
    【详解】句意:我喜欢这个人们善良和友好的城市。
    考查定语从句关系词。根据“the city”可知此处应填定语从句关系词,而先行词“the city”在定语从句中作地点状语,所以关系词应用副词where,故选C。
    5.A
    【详解】句意:2021年是电影《哈利·波特》上映20周年。我期待着再次在大荧屏上看到它,因为它是我曾经看过的最好的电影。
    考查定语从句关系词。分析句子可知,此处是定语从句;根据“the best mvie”可知,先行词为“mvie”,其前有形容词最高级修饰,所以关系词只能用that,故选A。
    6.A
    【详解】句意:这是我妈妈过去工作的宾馆。
    考查定语从句关系词。where在定语从句中作状语;that在定语从句中作主语或宾语;which在定语从句中作主语或宾语;what什么。定语从句中缺少地点状语,且先行词为the htel,故用关系副词where引导定语从句。故选A。
    7.C
    【详解】句意:我知道一个地方那里我能买到一个降价销售的计算器。
    考查定语从句。that那个;which哪一个;where哪里;what什么。定语从句先行词为“a place”,从句不缺主干成分,先行词在从句中作地点状语,用关系副词“where”引导从句,故选C。
    8.C
    【详解】句意:能讲一口流利英语的那名学生是我最好的朋友。
    考查定语从句的关系词。分析句子结构可知此处是定语从句,先行词“The student”是人,关系词在定语从句中作主语,应用wh引导定语从句。故选C。
    9.A
    【详解】句意:Arn Ralstn是一名对爬山感兴趣的美国男子。
    考查定语从句。wh关系代词,先行词为人,在从句中作主语或宾语;which关系代词,先行词为物,在从句作主语或宾语;whm关系代词,先行词为人,在从句中作宾语;hw关系副词,先行词表方式,在从句中做状语。根据“Arn Ralstn is an American man…is interested in muntain climbing.”可知,空后为定语从句,先行词man为人,且在从句中作主语,要用wh。故选A。
    10.B
    【详解】句意:地球是一个星球,它为我们提供了我们需要的一切,新鲜的空气、干净的水等等。保护它是我们的责任。
    考查定语从句。根据句子结构可知,这里考查的是定语从句,先行词是the planet,指物,关系代词用that或者which。故选B。
    11.A
    【详解】句意:我们决定卖掉五件我们不再使用的东西。
    考查定语从句。此处含定语从句,先行词是“five things”,指物,引导词在从句中作宾语,故选A。
    12.B
    【详解】句意:——你知道谁是苏炳添吗?——是的,他是一位著名的赛跑运动员,他在2020年东京奥运会上创造了男子100米9.83秒的亚洲新纪录。
    考查关系词和引导词。根据“Su Bingtian is”可知,第一句询问这个人是谁,用wh引导宾语从句。第二空所在句子是一个定语从句,先行词runner是指人,同时在从句中作主语,用关系词wh引导定语从句,故选B。
    13.A
    【详解】句意:我是个体育迷。我对伦敦奥运会的一切都很感兴趣。
    考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,是定语从句,先行词是“everything”,引导词在从句中作主语,只能用关系代词that,故选A。
    14.C
    【详解】句意:站在人群前面的那个人是谁?
    考查定语从句的关系词。分析句子可知,本句是定语从句,句中的先行词是“the man”,指人,且空处在句中作主语,所以关系词可以用wh或that,但是句首是以wh开头的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,所以用that。故选C。
    15.D
    【详解】句意:这款名为“MAYI”的应用鼓励人们把自己不需要的衣服送给穷人。
    考查定语从句关系词。根据“the clthes ... they dn’t need”可知此处是定语从句,先行词“the clthes”指物,且在从句中作宾语,用that引导定语从句。故选D。
    16.A
    【详解】句意:水是人们应该珍惜的最宝贵的资源。
    考查定语从句。the mst precius resurce是名词短语,peple shuld treasure是句子,表示“人们应该珍惜”,可知这是一个定语从句来修饰先行词resurce,指物,因此引导词用that或which。又因先行词前有the mst precius最高级修饰,因此引导词只能用that不用which。故选A。
    17.B
    【详解】句意:——这是我看过的最令人兴奋的篮球比赛。——我完全同意!那个穿着红色T恤的男孩是我的哥哥。
    考查定语从句。which引导定语从句,修饰事物,做主语,宾语或表语;wh引导定语从句,修饰人,做主语,宾语或表语;that引导定语从句,修饰人或事物,做主语,宾语或表语。第一空the mst exciting是形容词的最高级,修饰先行词时,用that引导定语从句;第二空先行词the by表示人,因此用wh引导定语从句,故选B。
    18.D
    【详解】句意:学生应该参与社区活动,在那里他们可以获得成长的经验。
    考查定语从句。wh的先行词为人,在从句中作主语或宾语;when的先行词为时间,在从句中作状语;which的先行词为物,在从句中作主语或宾语;where的先行词为地点,在从句中作状语。分析句子可知先行词是“cmmunity activities”,且从句的主谓宾成分齐全,应用关系副词,且不需要表示时间,所以where符合,故选D。
    19.D
    【详解】句意:——你喜欢什么种类的电影?——我喜欢能够令我振奋的电影。
    考查定语从句中关系词。wh谁;what什么;hw怎样;that那个。定语从句中,先行词为mvies,指物,定语从句部分“…can cheer me up”缺少主语,故应用which或that作关系代词。故选D。
    20.D
    【详解】句意:——你为什么这么担心?——我把我生日时爸爸给我买的手表丢了。
    考查定语从句关系词。分析句子结构可知,该句为定语从句,先行词是“the watch”,指物,引导词在从句中作宾语,故关系词用which。故选D。
    21.D
    【详解】句意:我仍然记得我第一次见到我最好的朋友的那一天。
    考查定语从句。此处含定语从句,先行词是the day,关系词在从句中作时间状语,用when连接,故选D。
    22.B
    【详解】句意:讲座谈到了我们大家都知道的一些作家和小说。
    考查定语从句关系代词。which定语从句关系代词,先行词是物;that定语从句关系代词,先行词是人或物;wh定语从句关系代词,先行词是人;what不充当定语从句关系词。根据句子结构可知,是定语从句,从句缺少主语,且先行词“writers and nvels”有人也有物,关系代词只能用that。故选B。
    23.D
    【详解】句意:在繁忙的街道上,有一些游客没有注意到的艺术家。
    考查定语从句。此处含定语从句,先行词是sme artists,从句中含pay attentin t短语,引导词在从句中作宾语,将介词t提前,用whm引导定语从句。故选D。
    24.A
    【详解】句意:你拍了这位著名科学家出生的房子的照片了吗?
    考查定语从句。where关系副词,在定语从句中作状语成分;in that定语从句中,错误格式;that关系代词,先行词是人或物;which关系代词,先行词是物。根据句子结构可知,此句是定语从句,先行词是“the huse”,在从句中作状语成分,故选A。
    25.C
    【详解】句意:汤姆就是他父亲以开出租车为生的那个男孩。
    考查定语从句。此处含定语从句,先行词是the by,关系词在从句中作定语修饰father,应用whse引导。故选C。
    26.A
    【详解】句意:我最感兴趣的计划是菲利普制定的那个。
    考查定语从句。where先行词是地点;what不能引导定语从句;which的先行词是物。in which的先行词是物,which在定语从句中作宾语。先行词plan是指物,定语从句中缺少主语,用关系词which,故选A。
    27.A
    【详解】句意:那个名人曾经住过的房子现在很旧了。
    考查定语从句。此处是定语从句,先行词是The huse,引导词在从句中作状语,故选A。
    28.B
    【详解】句意:我不能接受她今天早上上班迟到的原因。
    考查定语从句。when关系副词,先行词指时间,在从句中作状语;why关系副词,先行词指原因;wh关系代词,先行词指人,在从句中作主语或宾语;that关系代词,先行词指人或物,在从句中作主语或宾语;句子先行词是reasn,在从句中作状语,应用why引导,故选B。
    29.B
    【详解】句意:——蝙蝠在飞行时发出声音击中物体,然后返回到耳朵里。——用这种方式它知道事物是什么,并避免与它们碰撞。
    考查定语从句和宾语从句。第一处是定语从句,先行词是a sund,引导词在从句中作主语,排除AD;第二处是宾语从句,引导词在句中作地点状语。故选B。
    30.D
    【详解】句意:——我经常想起在SFLS和他们一起学习的日子,这在我的生活中留下了美好的回忆。——我也是如此。
    考查定语从句关系词。根据“the days ... I studied with them in SFLS, ... has left a gd memry in my life”可知考查定语从句,先行词“the days”指物,在“I studies with them in SFLS”中作时间状语,第一空用when引导定语从句;在“... has left a gd memry in my life”中作主语,第二空用which引导定语从句。故选D。
    31.B 32.B 33.A 34.B 35.D 36.C 37.A 38.C 39.B 40.C
    【导语】本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了网络改变了生活,只要合理使用,它就是一个有用的工具。
    31.句意:众所周知,互联网在我们的日常生活中变得越来越重要。
    us我们;ur我们的;we我们;urs我们的。此处在句中作定语修饰其后的名词,用形容词性物主代词,故选B。
    32.句意:我很难想象在互联网诞生之前的生活是什么样的。
    hw怎么样;what什么;where哪里;wh谁。“what ”意思是“……是什么样的?”,故选B。
    33.句意:当他们还是孩子的时候,很少有人在自己家里有电脑。
    few几乎没有,修饰可数名词复数;a few少许,修饰可数名词复数;little几乎没有,修饰不可数名词;a little一些,修饰不可数名词。peple是复数,且根据“When they were children”可知,父母小时候很少人家里有电脑。故选A。
    34.句意:我母亲现在用电子邮件给我们在英国的朋友和亲戚发信息和照片,我父亲在网上处理所有的银行业务。
    sent动词过去式;t send动词不定式;sends动词三单;sending动名词/现在分词。 d...“用……做……”,故选B。
    35.句意:他们还可以通过点击几下鼠标(当然还有他们的信用卡)来购买书籍、杂货、电子产品和许多其他东西。
    the ther两个中的另一个;anther三者及以上的另一个;thers其他,后不加名词;ther其他的,后加名词。things是名词复数,many ther things“许多其他东西”,故选D。
    36.句意:从这些网站上,我可以找到学校项目和家庭作业的帮助。
    mney钱;wrk工作;help帮助;fun乐趣。根据“useful websites”可知,网站是有用的,我可以得到帮助。故选C。
    37.句意:我的学校有自己的网站,包括过去、现在和未来的信息:学期日期、学校旅行、考试成绩等等。
    abut关于;at在;with和;withut没有。根据“including past, present and future”可知,关于过去、现在和未来的信息。故选A。
    38.句意:我也喜欢上网,下载音乐和游戏,和其他孩子聊天。
    talk动词原形;will talk一般将来时;talking动名词/现在分词;talked动词过去式。enjy ding sth“喜欢做某事”,此处与surfing和dwnlading并列,故选C。
    39.句意:不幸的是,世界上有一些坏的和愚蠢的人。
    Luckily幸运地;Unluckily不幸地;Unhappily不开心地;Happily快乐地。根据“there are sme bad and flish peple in the wrld”可知,世界上有一些坏的和愚蠢的人,这是不幸的,故选B。
    40.句意:但是如果你正确地使用它,而不是过度使用,它可以是一个非常有用的工具。
    easy容易的;beautiful漂亮的;useful有用的;fast快的。根据“But if yu use it prperly, and nt t much, it can be a ”可知,如果正确使用网站,它是有用的。故选C。
    41.A 42.D 43.B 44.C 45.D
    【导语】本文主要讲述了Clay开着自己的旧车回家,但车胎出了问题。她遇到了一对善良的夫妇,他们让她开着他们的车回家。Clay两个星期后才归还了车。她也决定学着他们帮助别人。
    41.推理判断题。根据“But while she was driving hme, she gt a flat tire. Unfrtunately, there was n spare tire in the trunk(后备箱).”可知,当她开车回家时,她的车爆胎了,后备箱里没有备用轮胎。由此可知,她的车出故障了。故选A。
    42.细节理解题。根据“The cuple picked her up and drve her t a gas statin nearby.”可知,一开始,这对夫妇把她载到了附近的一个加油站。故选D。
    43.细节理解题。根据“But when they arrived, they fund that the gas statin didn’t have the right kind f tire fr her car.”可知,当他们到达时,发现加油站并没有适合她车子的那种类型的轮胎。故选B。
    44.词句猜测题。根据“The cuple called arund t lk fr a suitable tire, but culdn’t find anyne wh had ne.”可知,那对夫妇四处寻找合适的轮胎,但都没有找到,因此suitable在此意为“合适的”。故选C。
    45.细节理解题。根据“Tw weeks later, she returned t find her ld car cleaned inside and ut with three new tires.”可知,两个星期后,她返回去取她的旧车,发现她的车子从里到外都非常干净,还换了三个新轮胎。故选D。
    46.B 47.D 48.B 49.A 50.D
    【导语】本文主要讲述了作者参与社区服务团队帮助无家可归者的经历,介绍了他们的服务项目以及自己与无家可归者交流后的感受。
    46.细节理解题。根据“In rder t help these peple, I jined several cmmunity service teams.”可知,作者为了帮助无家可归的人,所以参加了社区服务。故选B。
    47.细节理解题。根据“It nt nly helps thers, but als lets us knw the prblems in the real wrld.”可知,参加社区服务不仅帮助了其他的人,而且让我们知道真实世界所存在的问题。故选D。
    48.词句推测题。根据“…and hard life”可知,大部分无家可归的人生活都很困难。B选项“糟糕地”符合语境。故选B。
    49.细节理解题。根据“In rder t help these peple, I jined several cmmunity service teams.”可知,作者为了帮助这些人,加入了社区服务,这些人指的是洛杉矶的人,可知作者住在洛杉矶。故选A。
    50.主旨大意题。文章的主要内容是作者参与社区服务团队帮助无家可归者的经历。故选D。
    51.B 52.A 53.E 54.F 55.D
    【导语】本文是记者的一篇采访,谈论了城镇里的饭店情况。
    51.根据问句“Can I ask yu sme questins?”和下文内容可知,答语应是肯定回答。选项B“当然了。”符合情景。故选B。
    52.根据答语“Because it has the best and freshest fd.”可知,问句应是why引导的特殊疑问句。选项A“你为什么这么认为?”符合情景。故选A。
    53.根据问句“Is it very expensive?”和答语“Oh n”可知,空处应是说这家饭店价格不贵。选项E“我认为这是最便宜的。”符合情景。故选E。
    54.根据答语“Yes. And there are always lts f peple there.”可知,空处应是一般疑问句,结合所给选项可知,只有F项“它在城里很有趣的地方吗?”符合情景。故选F。
    55.根据前句“Hw abut the Internatinal Restaurant?”和答语“But it is the mst expensive.”可知,空处应是谈论国际饭店的某种情况,结合选项可知,选项D“有些人认为它有最好的服务。”符合情景。故选D。
    56.sunny 57.excited 58.t 59.happily 60.later 61.were taking 62.that 63.their 64.felt 65.her
    【导语】本文主要讲述了昨天玛丽亚和她的同学们在中央公园玩得很开心。
    56.句意:那是一个阳光明媚的日子。空格处修饰名词day用形容词,sun的形容词是sunny“阳光充足的”,故填sunny。
    57.句意:每个人都感到非常兴奋。分析句子可知,felt是感官动词,空格处作表语,用形容词,excite的形容词有两种形式exciting和excited,exciting一般修饰物,excited一般修饰人。此句主语I是人,用excited。故填excited。
    58.句意:在去公园的路上,他们在公共汽车上愉快地交谈和唱歌。n the way t sp.“在去……路上”,固定搭配。故填t。
    59.句意:在去公园的路上,他们在公共汽车上愉快地交谈和唱歌。空格处修饰动词talked and sang,应用副词形式。happy的副词是happily。故填happily。
    60.句意:他们半小时后到达公园。“时间段+later”意为“多长时间以后”,多用于一般过去时,half an hur later“半小时以后”。 故填later。
    61.句意:一些老人在散步,一些孩子在放风筝。根据“and sme children were flying kites”可知一些老人正在散步,用过去进行时,其结构是was/were ding sth.,主语Sme ld peple是复数,be动词用were,take的现在分词是taking,故填were taking。
    62.句意:琳达建议他们谈谈自己的爱好。空格后是陈述句“they shuld talk abut their wn hbbies”作宾语,用that引导宾语从句。故填that。
    63.句意:琳达建议他们谈谈自己的爱好。空格处修饰名词hbbies,用形容词性物主代词,they的形容词性物主代词是their。故填their。
    64.句意:所以当轮到她说话的时候,她感到非常紧张。根据时间状语“when it was her turn t talk”是过去时可知,主句时态为一般过去时,feel的过去式是felt。故填felt。
    65.句意:但她的同学们都鼓励她。空格处作encuraged的宾语,用宾格,she的宾格是her。故填her。
    作主语
    作宾语
    作定语
    指人
    wh/that
    wh/whm/that/省略
    whse
    指物
    which/that
    which/that/省略

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