2024中考英语试题研究 第二部分 重难题型专练 题型六 完成图表(含答案)
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这是一份2024中考英语试题研究 第二部分 重难题型专练 题型六 完成图表(含答案),共10页。试卷主要包含了完成图表等内容,欢迎下载使用。
话题一 事物介绍(10年8考)
Passage 1 (2023成都)
1题Maps mark seas, cuntries, cities and ur hmes, and guide us thrugh the wrld. T knw them better, let's take a lk at hw maps have changed ver the centuries.
Many ancient cuntries used maps. One f the first is thught t have been drawn n the wall in Lascaux, France, arund 16,500 years ag. 2题Hidden amng the drawings f birds and bulls(公牛)is a map f the stars.The Babylnian Map f the Wrld is the ldest knwn earthly map, which shws Babyln and its neighbring twns n the stne.
Claudius Ptlemy made maps g glbal. Brn in Egypt arund 100 AD, he was the first persn t try t make a wrld map. 3题With the help f math, Ptlemy marked arund 10,000 lcatins frm Britain t Asia and Africa.
Perhaps the mst cmmnly used wrld map is the Mercatr Prjectin. It was intrduced in 1569 by Gerardus Mercatr. An imprtant part f maps is the imaginary lines f lngitude, latitude and the equatr. Mercatr tk the glbe and made it flat(平的), but t d this he had t make the areas further nrth and suth larger, while the areas nearer the middle stay abut the right size. The reasn fr this is that the Earth is like a ball, but a map is flat. 4题It is easy t find places, but sme peple said it was unfair because places including Canada, the UK and Eurpe appeared much bigger than they really were.
5题In the 19th and 20th centuries, mdern technlgy allwed map makers t prduce maps shwing lcatins exactly. Tday, many peple view maps n their phnes. Researchers are wrking t map the flr f the ceans and t lcate every tree n Earth. Scientists are als trying t map the past by using the James Webb Space Telescpe(JWST). This inventin will cllect light frm stars and may find the secrets abut the beginning f the universe(宇宙).
Passage 2(2023锦江区二诊)
Many animals mve frm ne place t anther at certain times f the year. This yearly mvement is called migratin. One f the mst wnderful migratins is that f the Nrth American mnarch butterfly. 1题It migrates t find fd, get a partner, r in search f warmer weather.
Every autumn, millins f these beautiful insects begin a lng and difficult jurney. They travel arund 4, 000 kilmeters suth and find their way t Califrnia r Mexic. Hwever, until recently n ne knew hw they did this.
A team f scientists at the University f Washingtn has nw fund the answer. They have fund ut that the mnarch is able t tell the time f day. 2题Als, it uses its eyes t measure(测量)where the sun is in the sky. These tw pieces f infrmatin allw the butterfly t decide where t g. 3题Finally, it reaches the places successfully and it will spend the winter there.
The slutin t the mystery f the mnarch's amazing ability cmes finally while it is in serius truble nw. Its ppulatin has fallen dwn by as much as 90 percent. In recent years, unusually cld temperatures and rain have caused mnarchs t die in large numbers.4题What's wrse, in many f the places where the butterfly can be fund, peple are ding harm t the natural envirnment. They cut dwn trees and use chemicals t kill the plants, which the mnarch mainly eats.
5题Thanks t thse scientists, it's their research n the mnarch that has helped peple t better understand hw imprtant it is t prtect this creature. Peple have been wrking tgether t recrd its migratin and make sure that there are enugh plants fr it. Will they return? I believe there will cme a time when the number f mnarch butterflies increases nce again.
Passage 3(2023定心卷)
外文素材改编自Twinkl
减少塑料污染的方法
Over time, peple have been caring less and less abut the earth, and nw we are trying t deal with the results that have been caused. One majr prblem is knwn as plastic pllutin which has unluckily been caused by careless humans. Luckily, there are things we can d t help reduce this damage(伤害).
What is plastic pllutin? The biggest prblem with unwanted plastic is the pllutin and damage it causes t the envirnment. Because plastic is cheap and easy t make, humans buy and use a lt f it. They then thrw it away. 1题But, plastic is s strng that when it is thrwn away, it takes hundreds f years t decmpse(分解). It breaks int tiny pieces, which then get blwn arund by the wind and the rain. Lts f the plastic ends up in ur rivers and the cean.
2题D yu knw smething terrible? There are 6.3 billin tnnes f plastic waste n Earth. 80% f the pieces swimming in the cean are plastic. 267 kinds f animals arund the wrld are harmed by plastic.
There are lts f things we all can d t help end plastic pllutin. It's imprtant t first try t “reduce” ur use f plastics, then “reuse” where pssible. The last is t “recycle” as this still has a bad influence n the envirnment.
Reduce: Avid singleuse plastics, use bamb and thers instead. Yu can't d this alne. 3题It's imprtant t talk t yur family r schl abut hw t reduce their plastic use.
Reuse: If yu have plastic things, make sure that yu use them many times. Fr example, instead f buying new nes, refill and reuse water bttles and lunch bags. 4题Als, avid using singleuse plastic bags fr shpping, using bags made f clth, thick paper instead.
Recycle: 5题Check fr the recycling symbl befre yu buy plastics and make sure that yu always recycle plastics when yu can, instead f dealing with them as nrmal rubbish.
Passage 4
外文素材改编自ACTIVE SKILLS FOR READING
梳子的古与今
Cmbs(梳子) are s cmmn that peple f all ages wuld use them almst every day. Used first as a necessary tl in ur daily life, the cmb has develped int many frms fr all types f hair. The type f cmbs yu need will be different. It depends n yur hair, as well as the purpse f the cmb. Cmbing different hair requires different cmbs.
The earliest use f the cmb appeared as far back as 5,000 years ag. In fact, many different kinds f the cmb have been fund thrughut histry. As early as 5,500 B.C., the ancient Egyptians culd make cmbs. 1题In ancient China, peple wre cmbs t shw their scial status(地位). Over time, cmbs have nw develped int a kind f tl with mre uses, which can help care peple's hair. Tday, there are hundreds f different cmbs fr peple t chse and use.
Cmbs serve different functins(功能) fr different hair types and styles.2题Typically, they are very helpful when yur hair is disrdered r wet. Anther cmmn use fr the cmb is t fix hair in ne psitin. Cmbs may als be used t part hair fr clring, cnditining and braiding(编织). Cmbs can als be wrn as decratins(装饰) that hld hair in a specific style. 3题During the 1930s and 1940s, hair cmb were the best chice f keeping hair beautiful.
In the earliest time, cmbs were made frm bnes f animals. But later, t prtect animals, peple began t make cmbs frm wd r plastic which are still used widely by mst peple. And cmbs can be made frm gld, but it's quite expensive and usually used as marriage gift fr cmmn peple.
At present, cmbs are made int different shapes and types in different clrs. Peple can chse their favrite cmbs as they like. 5题But when using cmbs, we shuld knw we'd better nt use thers' cmbs. And we shuld wash r brush ur cmbs with clean water as ften as pssible t keep them clean.
话题二 观点建议eq \a\vs4\al\c1((2017,2015))
Passage 5(2023黑白卷)
外文素材改编自THE WEEK Junir
减少食物浪费
Have yu ever lked in yur fdwaste bin(垃圾箱)? It may lk unpleasant, but in fact it gives yu a sign as t hw much fd yur family thrws ut.
It's said that families in the UK create mre than six millin tnnes f fd waste each year. “Fd waste” means fd that culd have been eaten but instead is thrwn away.
With fd prices rising, it's a gd time t becme a “fdwaste fighter”. 1题Nt nly will it save mney, but als it is gd fr the envirnment. After all, grwing, packaging and transprting fd use a lt f Earth's resurces. Here are sme tips that can help yu becme fdwaste fighters.
First, it's a gd idea t find ut just hw much fd ges int yur bin. 2题Keep a diary and nte dwn the fds that yu thrw ut mst ften and why.
3题Planning meals fr the next week with yur family can save time and mney. Meat frm a Sunday rast(烤肉) culd g int sandwiches n Mnday. Bananas that are brwn and sft can be baked int banana bread at the weekend. Ptates and carrts, hwever, last a lng time if they are kept in a cl and dark place.
Cking the crrect prtin(份量) size helps t.Weigh ut ndles r rice yu need befre yu ck. And befre yu fill yur plate, check hw hungry yu are s that yu dn't end up with leaving fd because yu're t full.
It's hard t keep track f fd that's gne t the back f the fridge. 4题Yu culd label(给……贴上标签) as “Eat me first” fr anything that has been there fr a while. In this way, yu're mre likely t eat this fd first. Yur fridge is anther way t save fd.
5题Besides, sme UK supermarkets have taken “best befre” dates ff fruit and vegetables t encurage peple t use their nses and eyes t wrk ut if smething is actually still fine t eat. If yu have any questins, yu can ask an adult fr help. Dn't frget t update(更新) yur diary t see hw many changes yu can make.
Passage 6
外文素材改编自EvidenceBased Reading
睡觉的奥秘
Every living creature(生物) needs sleep. Yu may nt realize it, but many imprtant things happen t yur bdy and mind while yu're sleeping.
Getting enugh sleep is extremely imprtant. During sleep, yur heart, lungs, muscles(肌肉) and nervus system can rest. At the same time, they prepare fr anther day. 1题Getting enugh sleep helps yur bdy fight sickness, and yu will feel much better the next day. Peple wh dn't sleep fr enugh hurs may nt think that they are sleepy, but they are less able t fcus n and learn new infrmatin.2题They will becme emtinal, and their reactin(反应) times can be slwer.
When yu sleep, yur bdy passes thrugh a cycle that has five stages. In the first stage, yu are either just beginning t fall asleep r are sleeping lightly. In the secnd stage f sleep, yur breathing and heart rate becme regular, and yur bdy temperature starts t drp. The third and furth stages are the deepest and mst restful stages f sleep. In these stages, yur muscles are relaxed, yur breathing and heart rate are slw and regular, and energy is stred t yur bdy. 3题In the fifth and final stage f sleep, yur brain gets the rest that it needs t functin well the next day. That's when yu really reach deep sleep. During this stage f sleep, yu reach and maintain(保持) REM(rapid eye mvement), which means that yur eyeballs mve rapidly beneath yur clsed eyelids. REM is als the stage f sleep in which yur dream.
Everyne has his wn sleep needs, but if yu have truble sleeping, there are sme things that yu can d t help yu sleep better. The fllwing list prvides sme suggestins fr imprving the quality f yur sleep.
•Set up a sleep schedule. 4题Try t g t bed at the same time every night and wake up at the same time each mrning.
•Avid fds and drinks that are caffeinated(含有咖啡因的) r high in sugar befre bedtime. And try nt t eat large meals befre bedtime.Or, that makes yu feel uncmfrtable.
•5题Make sure that yur bedrm is dark, cl and quiet.
•Exercise fr at least 30 minutes each day, but nt right befre bedtime.
参考答案
Passage 1
1. gegraphy 2. the stars 3. math(s) 4. imprvement 5. mdern technlgy
Passage 2
1. Purpse 2. psitin 3. manages/never fails 4. Human/Peple's activities/actins/Things peple d
5. helped with/led t/resulted in
Passage 3
1. hard/difficult 2. situatins 3. Call n/Encurage 4. recycled materials 5. separate/divide/thrw
Passage 4
1. symbl 2. Dealing with 3. beautiful 4. materials 5. Avid
Passage 5
1. wasted resurces 2. the amunt f/hw much 3. weekly 4. fresh 5. senses
Passage 6
1. repair 2. speed 3. fully 4. n time 5. suitable/prper
【语篇研读】
What:介绍了地图的发展史。
Why:引导学生了解地理知识、历史轶事和现代科技,通过跨学科整合呈现多元化学习探索情境和语言应用情境。
Hw:①文体特征:说明文。
②写作手法:以时间为线索从16,500年前→公元100年→1569年→19和20世纪,层层递进,分四个阶段介绍了地图的发展演变过程。
The Histry f Maps
Maps prvide us with infrmatin f 1.________.
Ancient maps
★One f the first maps is a map f 2.________ arund 16,500 years ag.
★The ldest earthly map is the Babylnian Map f the Wrld.
Maps g glbal
★The first wrld map was drawn by using 3.________.
★The imaginary lines intrduced t the Mercatr Prjectin made it mst cmmnly used, but it still needed 4.________.
Maps and 5.________
★Maps can be used n the phne.
★Maps can help us knw mre abut the ceans, the land and the universe thrugh JWST.
【语篇研读】
What:介绍了帝王蝶的相关知识。
Why:引导学生认识生物多样性,意识到保护自然环境的重要性,树立人与自然和谐共生的理念。
Hw:①文体特征:说明文。
②写作手法:文章开头通过下定义的说明方法引出文章主题,即北美帝王蝶的迁徙;此外,结尾采用设问的修辞手法,强调了保护帝王蝶和自然环境的重要性,引起读者的反思和共鸣。
【语篇研读】
What:介绍了塑料垃圾产生的原因、造成的危害和减少塑料垃圾的方法。
Why:引导学生意识到环保的重要性,呼吁大家共同努力,减少塑料垃圾所造成的危害。
Hw:①文体特征:说明文。
②写作手法:通过对比塑料易产生和难分解的两个特点,强调塑料垃圾的危害性,让学生更加直观地了解塑料垃圾问题的严重性;此外,文中通过列数字,如“6.3 billin,80%,267 kinds f”等,呈现了塑料污染的严峻性,易引发读者的思考。
【语篇研读】
What:介绍了梳子的起源、作用、发展过程、制作材料和使用的注意事项等。
Why:引导学生了解古代传统的手工艺品,体悟先民的智慧和文化魅力。
Hw:①文体特征:说明文。
②写作手法:文章按照时间顺序进行展开,如“5,000 years ag,As early as 5,500 B.C.,During the 1930s and 1940s,In the earliest time,But later,At present”等,让读者能够全面地了解梳子的发展史。
【语篇研读】
What:介绍了世界上存在着严重的“食物浪费”现象,作者针对这种不良现象提出了五点建议。
Why:引导学生关注食物浪费现象,提醒学生谨记“节约粮食,拒绝浪费”,并在实际生活中积极践行。
Hw:①文体特征:说明文。
②写作手法:文章开头通过问句引起读者的兴趣和关注;接着用下定义的说明方法来解释食物浪费的概念;此外,文章在介绍减少食物浪费的实用技巧时,采用了举例的方式,如“Meat frm a Sunday rast(烤肉) culd g int sand wishes n Mnday.”等,使读者更加容易理解和接受。
【语篇研读】
What:介绍了充足睡眠的重要性,并解释了从准备睡觉到深度睡眠阶段身体的变化,最后还介绍了提高睡眠质量的四种方法。
Why:引导学生学会科学睡眠,关注个人的身体健康。
Hw:①文体特征:说明文。
②写作手法:文章按照逻辑顺序来介绍睡眠的五个阶段和每个阶段对身体的作用,使读者更加清晰地了解睡眠的奥秘。
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