高中英语2025届高考语法复习关系代词和关系副词知识讲解

这是一份高中英语2025届高考语法复习关系代词和关系副词知识讲解，共3页。学案主要包含了关系代词和关系副词的区别，引导限制性定语从句的关系代词，引导限制性定语从句的关系副词等内容，欢迎下载使用。
一、关系代词和关系副词的区别
选用关系代词还是关系副词,归根结底要看定语从句缺什么成分。如果缺的是主语、宾语或定语,就用关系代词;如果缺状语,则用关系副词。
1.先行词是地点。如:
①The muntain village where I stayed fr a night last year has taken n a new lk.
我去年住过一晚的那个山村的面貌焕然一新了。(从句缺状语,故用where)
②The muntain village (which/that) I visited last year has taken n a new lk.
我去年参观过的那个山村的面貌焕然一新了。(从句缺宾语,故用which/that或省略)
2.先行词是时间。如:
①I will never frget the days when I lived in the cuntryside with the farmers.
我永远不会忘记我和农民们住在农村的日子。(从句缺状语,故用when)
②I will never frget the days (which/that) I spent in the cuntryside with the farmers.
我永远不会忘记我在农村和农民们度过的日子。(从句缺宾语,故用which/that或省略)
3.先行词是原因。如:
①The reasn why/fr which yu failed, I think, was that yu had nt fllwed yur mther's advice.
我认为你失败的原因是你没有听你母亲的建议。(从句缺状语,故用why/fr which)
②The reasn (which/that) he explained fr his being late was that he had missed the early bus.
他解释的迟到的原因是他错过了早班公共汽车。(从句缺宾语,故用which/that或省略)
二、引导限制性定语从句的关系代词
如:
The man wh / that is talking with my father is a teacher.
正和我父亲说话的那个男人是一位教师。
Guilin is a city which / that has a very lng histry.
桂林是一座历史非常悠久的城市。
The man (wh / whm) yu met just nw is my father.
你刚刚遇到的那个人是我父亲。
Nbdy wants the huse whse rf has fallen dwn.
没有人想要这个屋顶已经坍塌的房子。
[注意]
(1)关系代词that既可指人也可指物,有时可与关系代词which / wh / whm互换,但是当which, whm放在介词的后面作宾语时, that不能与其互换。
(2)在从句中作宾语或表语时wh与whm一般可互换,但是当紧跟在介词后面作宾语时只可用whm。whm在从句中不能作主语。
(3)关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省略。
(4)关系代词在从句中作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于先行词。
(5)whse引导定语从句时,可与“the+n.+f which / whm”及“f which / whm+the+n.”互换。
(6)as引导定语从句,可构成“the same…as, such…as”结构。
[温馨提示] 关系词只用that而不用which的情况:
1.当先行词为all, everything, nthing, anything, little, much等不定代词以及先行词被这些词修饰时。如:
All that can be dne has been dne.
一切能做的都已经做了。
2.当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。如:
This is the largest ship that I have ever seen.
这是我曾经见过的最大的船。
3.当先行词被the nly, the very, the last修饰时。如:
This is the very bk that I am lking fr.
这正是我要找的那本书。
4.当先行词中既有人又有物时。如:
We ften talk abut the persns and things that we remember.
我们常常谈起我们记得的那些人和事。
5.当主句是以wh或which开头的疑问句时,为避免重复用that。如:
Wh is the by that shk hands with yu just nw?
刚才和你握手的男孩是谁?
6.当先行词在从句中作表语时。如:
Shanghai is n lnger the city that it used t be.
上海已不再是过去的那个城市了。
三、引导限制性定语从句的关系副词
如:
We will never frget the days when we stayed at that beautiful cuntryside.
我们永远不会忘记在那个美丽乡村待着的那些日子。
Can yu explain the reasn why yu dn't help him?
你能解释一下你不帮助他的原因吗?
This is the factry where (=in which) the explsin happened.
这就是发生爆炸的那家工厂。
[注意]
(1)当先行词分别为表示时间、地点或原因的名词,且从句中需要相应的时间、地点或原因作状语时,则用关系副词。
(2)why引导定语从句时,先行词一般为reasn。
[温馨提示]
1.“介词+which/whm”引导的定语从句:
在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中,关系代词只能用which或whm。先行词指物时,用which;先行词指人时,用whm。在这个结构中,介词的使用原则是:
(1)根据从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯。如:
This is the bk
这是我花10元买的那本书。
(2)根据先行词的搭配习惯。如:
The cmpany in which Peter is wrking is very famus.
彼得就职的那家公司非常有名。
(3)根据从句中形容词的搭配习惯。如:
The student with whm she is strict has made great prgress.
她要求很严的那位学生取得了很大进步。
(4)表“所有”关系或“整体中的一部分”时,用f。如:
The ld wman has tw sns,bth f whm are dctrs.
这位老太太有两个儿子,他们两个都是医生。
2.抽象的地点名词与定语从句:
像situatin, case(情况,实例),pint, stage(阶段),activity, psitin, scene等表示抽象“地点”的名词作先行词时,若定语从句中缺少主语、宾语或表语,应用关系代词which或that来引导;若定语从句中缺少地点状语,应用关系副词where来引导。如:
Have yu met with the case where yu are misunderstd by thers?
你遇到过被人误解的情形吗?
Have yu met with the case which/that is similar t this ne?
你遇到过和这种情况相似的情形吗?
指代对象
指代人
指代物
主语
wh, that, as
which, that, as
宾语
wh, whm, that
which, that
定语
whse
whse
关系副词
先行词
功能
when
表示时间的名词
时间状语
where
表示地点的名词
地点状语
why
reasn
原因状语