2025版高考英语一轮复习微专题小练习练习22语法填空+阅读理解（附解析）

这是一份2025版高考英语一轮复习微专题小练习练习22语法填空+阅读理解（附解析），共5页。
T them, Citywalk means raming (漫步) arund the city n ft. It can be a special 2.________ (guide) trip fr a small grup f peple, 3.________ simply a leisurely walk fr ne r tw t explre new areas, sticking t the key pint: aviding famus scenic spts and big crwds t gain 4.________ mre inclusive experience f the places they visit.
Citywalk nt nly ffers a way fr yung peple t interact with a city but als 5.________ (prvide) them with a new scial scene. Xia Yiyi, a Citywalk 6.________ (enthusiastic), launched her Changsha rute n her scial media accunt, including mre ffbeat sights like histrical sites and even a stp­ff 7.________ (sample) the lcal cuisine. Many tur guides als try t expand their influence nline, 8.________ (share) their experiences t attract ptential custmers.
Citywalk is ffering a psitive change t urban travelers as they can 9.________ (well) chse the experiences that fit in with their interests and needs. At the same time, Citywalk represents an pprtunity fr tur guides and travel service prviders t ffer a mre tailred, 10.________ (prfessin) service t meet ever­changing market demands.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。一股“城市漫步”(Citywalk)热潮席卷全国，成为年轻人的旅游新宠。它为城市旅行者提供了一个积极的改变，同时为导游和旅游服务提供商提供了一个机会。
1．答案与解析：what 分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句。从句中ding后缺少宾语，且表示事物，故填what。句意：和几个好朋友聚在一起，悠闲地在街上漫步——这是许多中国年轻人在参观新城市时喜欢做的事情。
2．答案与解析：guided 空处作定语修饰空后名词trip，且表“有向导的，有导游的”，故填形容词guided。
3．答案与解析：r 语境：对他们来说，Citywalk意味着在一个城市里漫步。它可以是一小群人的特殊导览之旅，也可以仅仅是一两个人悠闲地散步以探索新的地区。根据语境可知，上下文是选择关系，故用r来连接。
4．答案与解析：a 根据空前为动词和空后为名词短语可知，此处应填冠词，且此处表泛指，故填a。语境：避开著名景点和人群，以获得更具包容性的游览体验。
5．答案与解析：prvides 本句用nt als...来连接，所连接的部分词性一致，故本空应该与ffers的时态一致，用一般现在时；主语与prvide为主动关系，且主语为第三人称单数，故填prvides。句意：Citywalk不仅为年轻人提供了一种与城市互动的方式，还为他们提供了一个新的社交场景。
6．答案与解析：enthusiast 本句的主语Xia Yiyi是一个人名，故此处表示她是一个城市漫步的热衷者，故填enthusiast。
7．答案与解析：t sample 句意：城市漫步爱好者肖依依在她的社交媒体账号上推出了她的长沙路线，其中包括更多另类景点，如历史遗迹，甚至还有一个品尝当地美食的站点。本空用不定式结构作目的状语。sample在此作动词，意为“品尝”，属于熟词生义的用法。
8．答案与解析：sharing 分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作非谓语。share与逻辑主语Many tur guides之间是主谓关系，故填sharing。句意：许多导游也尽力在网上扩大影响力，分享他们的经验以吸引潜在客户。
9．答案与解析：better 句意：Citywalk为城市旅行者提供了一个积极的改变，因为他们可以更好地选择符合自己爱好和需求的体验。根据句意可知，本空填well的比较级better“更好地”。
10．答案与解析：prfessinal 空处修饰名词service，应用形容词prfessinal“专业的”。句意：同时，Citywalk为导游和旅游服务提供商提供了一个机会，可以提供更量身订制的专业服务，以满足不断变化的市场需求。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
Given the astnishing ptential f AI t transfrm ur lives, we all need t take actin t deal with ur AI­pwered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan fr Living with Artificial Intelligence cmes in. This absrbing new bk by Catrina Campbell is a practical radmap addressing the challenges psed by the frthcming AI revlutin (变革).
In__the__wrng__hands,__such a bk culd prve as cmplicated t prcess as the cmputer cde (代码) that pwers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has mre than tw decades' prfessinal experience translating the heady int the understandable. She writes frm the practical angle f a business persn rather than as an academic, making fr a guide which is highly accessible and infrmative and which, by the clse, will make yu feel almst as smart as AI.
As we sn cme t learn frm AI by Design, AI is already super­smart and will becme mre capable, mving frm the current generatin f “narrw­AI” t Artificial General Intelligence. Frm there, Campbell says, will cme Artificial Dminant Intelligence. This is why Campbell has set ut t raise awareness f AI and its future nw—several decades befre these develpments are expected t take place. She says it is essential that we keep cntrl f artificial intelligence, r risk being sidelined and perhaps even wrse.
Campbell's pint is t wake up thse respnsible fr AI—the technlgy cmpanies and wrld leaders—s they are n the same page as all the experts currently develping it. She explains we are at a “tipping pint” in histry and must act nw t prevent an extinctin­level event fr humanity. We need t cnsider hw we want ur future with AI t pan ut. Such structured thinking, fllwed by glbal regulatin, will enable us t achieve greatness rather than ur dwnfall.
AI will affect us all, and if yu nly read ne bk n the subject, this is it.
语篇类型：书评 主题语境：人与社会——图书推荐——AI by Design
【语篇解读】 本文主要介绍了英国人工智能专家卡特里奥娜·坎贝尔2022年度畅销书AI by Design: A Plan fr Living with Artificial Intelligence。书中探讨了当前人工智能的发展趋势和即将到来的人工智能革命，呼吁技术公司和世界领袖应与人工智能专家们达成共识、携手共进、共同面对。
1．What des the phrase “In the wrng hands” in paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A．If read by smene prly educated.
B．If reviewed by smene ill­intentined.
C．If written by smene less cmpetent.
D．If translated by smene unacademic.
答案与解析：C 理解词汇。根据画线词后面的“but，thankfully，Campbell has mre than tw decades' prfessinal experience translating the heady int the understandable”可知，坎贝尔有二十多年的专业经验，她能将令人头晕的东西转化为容易理解的东西。由此可见，画线的“In the wrng hands”指的应该是如果换一个能力不如坎贝尔的人来写这本书，故C项正确。cmpetent“足以胜任的，有能力的，称职的”。A项“如果被受教育程度低的人阅读”；B项“如果被怀有恶意的人评论”；C项“如果被不那么称职的人来写”；D项“如果被不适合做学术的人来翻译”。
2．What is a feature f AI by Design accrding t the text?
A．It is packed with cmplex cdes.
B．It adpts a dwn­t­earth writing style.
C．It prvides step­by­step instructins.
D．It is intended fr AI prfessinals.
答案与解析：B 推断。根据第二段中的“She writes frm the practical angle f a business guide which is highly accessible and infrmative”可知，她从一个商人的实际角度来写作，使得这本书成为非常易懂且信息丰富的指南。由此可见，这本书的写作风格非常务实，故选B。dwn­t­earth“务实的，脚踏实地的”。
3．What des Campbell urge peple t d regarding AI develpment?
A．Observe existing regulatins n it.
B．Recnsider expert pinins abut it.
C．Make jint effrts t keep it under cntrl.
D．Learn frm prir experience t slw it dwn.
答案与解析：C 理解具体信息。根据第三段中的“She says it is essential that we keep cntrl f artificial intelligence”和第四段中的“Campbell's pint is t wake up thse respnsible fr AI—the technlgy cmpanies and wrld leaders—s they are n the same page as all the experts currently develping it”可知，坎贝尔建议让人工智能的发展处于控制下，并呼吁技术公司、世界领袖和人工智能专家携手应对，故C项正确。
4．What is the authr's purpse in writing the text?
A．T recmmend a bk n AI.
B．T give a brief accunt f AI histry.
C．T clarify the definitin f AI.
D．T hnr an utstanding AI expert.
答案与解析：A 理解目的。根据最后一段“AI will affect us all, and if yu nly read ne bk n the subject, this is it”并结合全文可知，本文主要给读者推荐了卡特里奥娜·坎贝尔的书AI by Design：A Plan fr Living with Artificial Intelligence，故A项正确。A项“推荐一本关于人工智能的书”；B项“简述人工智能的历史”；C项“阐明人工智能的定义”；D项“向一位杰出的人工智能专家致敬”。
B
In a study in the jurnal Science, researchers at Nrthwestern University in Illinis reprted that they had develped an effective and inexpensive methd fr breaking dwn chemicals called per­and plyfluralkyl substances (PFAS) .
PFAS, first created in the 1930s, are chemical cmpunds (化合物). They are used t make a wide range f everyday prducts, including nnstick pans, carpeting, electrnics, and fast­fd wrappers. Once the chemicals are in the envirnment, they are almst impssible t eliminate because they are designed t avid breaking dwn. Researchers have linked regular levels f expsure t these chemicals with several health prblems, including liver damage, an increased risk f cancer, and reduced immunity.
Scientists had previusly figured ut hw t remve PFAS frm plluted water r sil but there was n safe and effective way t destry them nce they were remved. The study reprted that when the team biled PFAS mlecules (分子) with tw cmmn substances, the PFAS quickly brke dwn and became harmless.
In 2020, William Dichtel, a chemist and prfessr at Nrthwestern, read a study in which chemists at the University f Alberta, in Canada, fund an easy way t break dwn chains f mlecules. He asked a graduate student, Brittany Trang, t try the methd n PFAS mlecules.
Trang had spent mnths in the lab unsuccessfully attempting t pull apart PFAS, and at first she thught Dichtel's idea was t simple t wrk. But she tried it, biling PFAS with a cmmn slvent (溶剂) called dimethyl sulfxide (DMSO). Trang was shcked when the prcess destryed the PFAS. She later mixed DMSO with a chemical called sdium hydrxide and brke dwn PFAS even mre quickly.
The scientists will wrk n ways t destry PFAS utside the lab s large amunts f frever chemicals can be brken dwn at nce. “It's a huge challenge, but it's in ur grasp，” Dichtel tld The New Yrk Times. Scientists are als calling fr a decrease in the amunt f PFAS being released int the natural wrld. In June, the US gvernment annunced new plans t mnitr PFAS, decrease the amunt f PFAS released int the envirnment, and address the effects f PFAS n human health.
【语篇解读】 伊利诺伊州西北大学的研究人员说他们已经开发出一种有效且廉价的方法来分解被称为PFAS的化学物质。本文重点介绍了这种降解方法。
5．What des the underlined wrd “eliminate” prbably mean in Paragraph 2?
A．Identify. B．Destry.
C．Appear. D．Release.
答案与解析：B 理解词汇。根据画线词后的句子“because they are designed t avid breaking dwn”可知，这是因为它们的设计是为了避免分解，据此可知，一旦这些化学物质进入环境，它们几乎不可能被消除。所以画线词的意思是“消除”，与destry意思相近。
6．Hw did William Dichtel find the way t break dwn chains f mlecules?
A．He gt infrmatin frm a study f thers.
B．He cnducted the experiments n his wn.
C．His graduate student, Brittany Trang, tld him.
D.Chemists at the University f Alberta tld him.
答案与解析：A 理解具体信息。根据第四段中的“In f mlecules”可知，西北大学的化学家兼教授William Dichtel阅读了一项研究，加拿大一所大学的化学家在该研究中发现了一种分解分子链的简单方法。据此可知，William Dichtel是从别人的研究中得到了信息以此找到分解分子链的方法的。
7．What can we learn abut Brittany Trang's experiment?
A.She tried the methd frm Dichtel but didn't succeed at first.
B．She pulled apart PFAS with her wn idea at her first attempt.
C．She develped a mre effective methd t break dwn PFAS.
D．She thught Dichtel's idea was t simple, s she didn't try it.
答案与解析：C 理解具体信息。根据第五段中的“But she tried mre quickly”可知，她尝试用一种叫DMSO的普通溶剂煮沸PFAS，这种方法可以降解PFAS；此后她将DMSO与一种叫氢氧化钠的化学物质混合，更快地分解PFAS。据此可知，Brittany Trang发现了一种更有效的方法来分解PFAS。
8．What d scientists advcate the public ding?
A．Addressing the effects f PFAS n human health and envirnment.
B．Reducing the amunt f PFAS being released int the envirnment.
C．Finding mre effective ways t destry PFAS in and utside the lab.
D．Stpping the use f PFAS in everyday life t avid health prblems.
答案与解析：B 理解具体信息。根据尾段中的“Scientists are als natural wrld”可知，科学家倡导公众减少释放到环境中的PFAS的数量。
黄金考点
语法填空——时态
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考点30
时态与上下文要一致
考例
Actually, I ________ (start) t learn kung fu when I was seven years ld.
点拨
根据时间状语从句when I was seven years ld可知，此处是在叙述过去的事情，应用一般过去时，故填started。
考点31
并列成分前后时态要一致
考例
The instructr kept repeating the wrds, “Speed up！” “Slw dwn！” “________ (turn) left！”
点拨
根据前面教练发出的两个指令可知，这三个短句属于并列结构，都是祈使句，谓语动词用原形，所以应填Turn，跟前面的Speed和Slw一致。