[英语][期末]北京市西城区2023-2024学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题

这是一份[英语][期末]北京市西城区2023-2024学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题，共10页。试卷主要包含了填写答题卡的内容用2B铅笔填写，提前 xx 分钟收取答题卡等内容，欢迎下载使用。
考试时间：分钟 满分：分
姓名：____________ 班级：____________ 学号：____________
*注意事项：
1、填写答题卡的内容用2B铅笔填写
2、提前 xx 分钟收取答题卡
第Ⅰ卷 客观题
第Ⅰ卷的注释
第Ⅱ卷 主观题
第Ⅱ卷的注释
一、 完形填空 (共10小题; 每小题1.5 分, 共15分)(共1题；共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。
Sam was waiting fr a taxi at the hspital. He had bked it n the phne after his medical treatment. He'd been suffering frm kidney (肾) failure since last year. During this time, he was n the transplant list, but n 1 appeared.
Bill was driving t visit a friend when his phne rang with the request fr Sam's ride hme. The trip was ut f Bill's way. 2 , he tk the rder, figuring if the passenger was cming frm a hspital, he likely needed a ride.
When Sam gt int the car, Bill culd see he was 3 but in gd spirits. As the tw set ut, they began chatting.
"Sam really 4 the car with psitive energy," said Bill, wh talked a lt with Sam. He learnt Sam had enjyed vlunteering in the cmmunity, but he was ding less because f the treatments. Then Sam revealed he was searching fr a kidney dnr. Bill 5 he'd be a gd dnr candidate because he didn't drink r smke. Sam agreed, thugh he didn't think much f it. Bill, hwever, culdn't stp thinking abut it.
Bill believed in 6 thers, s dnating a kidney was smething always n his mind. Plus, he already liked and respected Sam. When appraching the destinatin, Bill repeated, "I'd see if I culd be a match t give yu a kidney."
"I was shcked," Sam recalled. He was shaking s hard that he culd barely write his name when they 7 cntact infrmatin. Once inside his hme, he excitedly tld his wife, "The taxi driver ffered his kidney t me!"
After the initial excitement, Sam started feeling less 8 , wndering if it had just been an emtinal mment. Wuld he hear frm him?
But Bill was 9 t his wrd. He cntacted the hspital sn. After a lng prcess, the results came: They were a perfect match. Then they had their surgery, which was a(n) 10 . Tday, Sam is ding well. And the tw men still keep in tuch.
Miraculusly, a chance encunter turned ut t be a life-saving ride.
1. A . taxis B . matches C . rders D . patients
2. A . Still B . Instead C . Mrever D . Therefre
3. A . angry B . afraid C . weak D . frgetful
4. A . lit up B . piled int C . fixed up D . slwed dwn
5. A . heard B . recalled C . jked D . cmplained
6. A . treating B . helping C . accepting D . encuraging
7. A . discussed B . repeated C . cmpared D . exchanged
8. A . curius B . dubtful C . hesitant D . ptimistic
9. A . true B . clse C . related D . blind
10. A . waste B . hnr C . mistake D . success
二、阅读理解(共两节, 38分)第一节 (共14小题;每小题2分,共28分)(共14题；共30分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
The Lighthuse Bk Prject is an intensive, tw-year prgram. It is aimed at giving writers f bk-length manuscripts (文稿) the classes, advice, and mral supprt they need t draft, revise, and—mst imprtantly—finish. Whether yu're wrking n a nvel, shrt stry cllectin, r narrative nnfictin, ur prgram guides will wrk clsely with yu t chart a path thrugh yur prject. And at the end f tw years, yu'll have a manuscript yu can be prud f and a supprt team ready t help yu take the next steps.
Benefits
● Individualized guidance: Yu'll meet yur guide n a regular basis t check yur prgress, review drafts f yur wrk, and set gals fr the future, keeping yu accuntable and n track thrughut the prgram.
● Intensives: Three times a year, the Bk Prject participants gather fr a weekend f classes led by special guest authrs and ur publishing expert, grup meetings, participant readings, great meals and plenty f scial time.
● Manuscript feedback: Yu'll receive detailed feedback n yur manuscript frm yur guide and then a secnd thrugh examinatin f yur cmplete manuscript frm a secnd reader, chsen frm ur list f Lighthuse teachers and many ther famus writers.
Applicatins and Tuitin
● Applicatins: Applicatins are available starting April 1, and the deadline t apply is June 22 every year. Each guide accepts six applicants, fr a ttal f 36participating writers.
● Cmpnents f applicatins: a writing sample up t 30 pages, a prject utline, tw t three recmmendatin letters frm yur current r frmer writing instructrs, and a shrt persnal statement.
● Tuitin: $8,580 per year, r $715 per mnth. Partial tuitin assistance is available thrugh ur Bk Prject Fellwship.
Since 2019, we've seen deals signed fr thirteen bks frm ur Bk Prject participants. They've had nnfictin, shrt stry cllectins, nvels, and middle-grade wrks signed by the best publishers. Will yu be next?
11. The Lighthuse Bk Prject prmises that participants will ____.
A . get their bks published eventually B . meet their guide s whenever necessary C . finish writing their wrks within 2 years D . receive feedback nly frm famus writers
12. T be a participant f the Lighthuse Bk Prject, yu need t ____.
A . apply befre April 1 B . pay$715 fr ne year C . state yur persnal infrmatin D . prepare yur nvel up t 36 pages
13. What is the main purpse f the passage?
A . T assess new writers. B . T prmte a prgram. C . T cmpare different prjects. D . T intrduce the best publisher.
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
In 2014, a year int her retirement, Mrag Warrack fund herself in a village hall in the Surrey hills, surrunded by middle-aged men thrwing each ther n t the flr." When entering the classrm, I was terrified and thught all these men wuld be shcked by an ld wman walking in," she says. "The teacher encuraged me t stay and I realized they were all kind and curius abut me being there. That was my first experience f learning aikid."
At 59, Warrack, wh had recently handed in her resignatin, began reading up n mindfulness practices. "The mre I lked int mindfulness, the mre aikid kept cming up," she says. "These bks were recmmending it as a way t cnnect the mind, bdy and spirit."
Attracted by the idea, Warrack fund a lcal class where she culd take a beginners' sessin. Despite her struggles, Warrack kept returning. While her husband and tw children were supprtive, they weren't tempted t jin in. "They just thught: Mum's ff n ne again," she says. Warrack carried n and, after tw years f practice, she began mving up the graded system f belt rankings and nticing a change in herself. "Aikid was making me way mre cnfident," she says, "Since my reactins gt quicker, my balance was better and my crdinatin (协调性)imprved, I had a real understanding f my wn bdy and it became a metaphr(比喻)fr hw t be in life; hw t avid attack withut hurting the ther persn."
By January 2019, Warrack was determined t achieve her black belt and began training with the nly ther persn in her class wh was at the same level as her: a181cm plice fficer. "It was a very dd pairing. Nt least because he's s strng and s I had t learn hw t use my skills rather than strength against him," she says.
In December 2021, Warrack, at the age f 66, tk her black belt test. Fr 20minutes, she had t defend her psitin against attackers ne after anther befre facing the final randri, where fur peple attack at nce. "One guy kicked me and split my lip," she laughs. "It made me s angry, but that's what I needed t keep ging." She passed, making her ne f the ldest peple t achieve an aikid black belt in the UK.
14. Hw did Mrag Warrack feel when she first entered the aikid classrm?
A . Curius. B . Disappinted. C . Cnfident. D . Frightened.
15. After tw years f practice, Warrack ____.
A . grew mre patient B . turned int a better self C . realized her full ptential D . became aware f her weakness
16. In rder t achieve her black belt, Warrack had t ____.
A . plish her skills further B . imprve her crdinatin C . avid hurting the attackers D . seek supprt frm her family
17. What can we learn frm this passage?
A . With age cmes wisdm. B . The greatest wealth is health. C . It's always a gd time t learn. D . Cmpete with hnr and win with grace.
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Our travels are nt limited t physical time. We als experience mental time travel. We visit the past thrugh ur memries and then jurney int the future by imagining what tmrrw r next year might bring. When we d s, we think f urselves as we are nw, remember wh we nce were and envisin hw we will be.
A recent study explres hw ne particular brain regin helps t knit tgether memries f the present and future selves. When peple sustain an injury t this area, it leads t a damaged sense f identity. The regin, called vmPFC, may prduce a fundamental mdel f the persn and place it in mental time. When the regin des s, it may be the surce f ur sense f self. It's als fund that memries that reference the self are easier t recall. They benefit frm what researchers have called a self-reference effect.
In the study, the researchers used the self-reference effect t assess memries f present and future selves amng peple wh had brain lesins(损伤) t the vmPFC. The scientists wrked with peple with vmPFC lesins, then cmpared them with a cntrl grup made up f peple with injuries t ther parts f the brain and healthy individuals. They were asked t list adjectives t describe themselves and a celebrity, bth in the present and future. Later, they had t recall these same traits. It was discvered that peple in the cntrl grup culd recall mre adjectives linked t themselves than adjectives linked t the celebrity. Hwever, the participants with vmPFC lesins had little r n ability t recall references t the self, regardless f the cntext f time. Their identificatin f adjectives fr celebrities was als cmparatively weak.
These findings are intriguing, fr the study helps us understand hw self-related memries depend n the functin f the vmPFC. But what abut ur past selves? Previus studies asked peple t cnsider their past selves, but there was n evidence f the self-reference effect. Our past selves seem freign t us, as if they were individuals apart frm us.
One idea that scientists have put frward t understand this distinctin is that perhaps we are nt very kind in ur judgments f ur past selves. Instead we may be rather critical f ur previus behavir, emtins and persnal traits. We may use ur past primarily t cnstruct a mre psitive self-image in the present. Put anther way, because we may recgnize flaws (瑕疵) in ur past self's behavir, we tend t distance urselves frm the persn we nce were.
Therefre, bringing the present and future int the sptlight is central t understanding the way ur brain and thughts shape ur current selves. And with the research, we have a better idea abut the way a small regin within ur brain is able t build and hld the cre ability t maintain ur identity.
18. Frm the passage, we can learn that ____.
A . peple with vmPFC lesins have a brken sense f identity B . vmPFC-injured peple recall celebrities better than thers d C . the self-reference effect plays a vital rle in cnsidering past self D . peple tend t accept past self after realizing their previus faults
19. As fr the findings f the recent study n vmPFC, the authr is ____.
A . critical B . dubtful C . apprving D . uncncerned
20. Which f the fllwing wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A . Testing Our Memries B . Creating Our Sense f Self C . The Pwer f Self-Reference Effect D . The Imprtance f Mental Time Travel
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
With its 1.2millin LED lights shining brightly against the Las Vegas night, the Las Vegas Sphere may well be the ultimate symbl f 2020s veruse. But that gigantic entertainment space is als smething else: a symbl f the cming cnflict between ur climate gals and ur seemingly insatiable(永不满足) appetite fr stuff.
In the 1990s, multiclr LED lights were invented t prevent climate disasters by greatly reducing the amunt f electricity we use. After all, LED lights use 90percent less energy and last arund 18 times lnger than incandescent bulbs(白炽灯).Yet the amunt f electricity we cnsume fr light glbally is rughly the same tday as it was in 2010. That's partly because f ppulatin and ecnmic grwth in the develping wrld. But anther big reasn is that as technlgy has advanced, we've nly grwn mre wasteful.
There's an ecnmic term fr this: the Jevns Paradx, named fr the 19th-century English ecnmist William Stanley Jevns, wh nticed that as steam engines became ever mre efficient, Britain's appetite fr cal increased rather than decreased. The lgic f Jevns is that instead f banking the efficiency savings we make as technlgy advances, we g ut and spend it.
Tday, yu can see examples f the Paradx everywhere. When residents in England installed hme insulatin, their verall heating energy demand sn rebunded, ending up at abut the same level as it was befre: The residents had apparently chsen t turn up their thermstats(温控器) and live in warmer hmes.
The gd news is that in sme cases the efficiency gains are s great that even ur insatiable appetite fr new stuff cannt cmpletely negate them. Tday's car engines require less fuel, even thugh Americans n average nw drive lnger distances in heavier cars. Hwever, the bad news is that the Jevns Paradx seems t be hard-wired int us. There are few examples thrughut histry f peple willingly cnsuming less energy, either fr mral r envirnmental reasns.
Fr sme, the slutin is bvius: Gvernments must d mre t limit ur energy use, perhaps thrugh regulatins r taxes. A glbal carbn tax wuld help—thugh the chances f establishing ne remain slim. A mre innvative answer cmes frm Rb West, funder and chief executive f Thunder Said Energy. Having spent years dcumenting the Jevns Paradx and finding it far mre widespread than ecnmists predicted, he thinks the best hpe we have is t fight Jevns with Jevns. That means applying the idea that cnsumptin increases as gds becme cheaper and mre efficient t ur prductin f energy. In ther wrds, the future lies nt in ratining(定量供应) energy and hping humans suddenly change their behavir, but in ensuring any energy we use is as green and attractive as pssible.
21. Why des the authr mentin the Las Vegas Sphere?
A . T highlight a space. B . T predict an ending. C . T prvide a slutin. D . T express a cncern.
22. What des the underlined wrd "negate" in Paragraph 5 mst prbably mean?
A . Put ff. B . Break dwn. C . Push up. D . Wipe ut.
23. What can we learn frm the passage?
A . The Jevns Paradx requires mre examples. B . Envirnmental awareness is hard-wired in humans. C . Energy cnsumptin grws as technlgy advances. D . Efficiency gains guarantee the realizatin f climate gals.
24. Which f the fllwing statements wuld Rb West mst prbably agree with?
A . The slutin is always t further energy efficiency. B . A glbal carbn tax has aided in limiting energy use. C . Humans are eager t change their cnsumptin behavir. D . Ecnmists have verestimated the effect f the Jevns Paradx.
三、第二节 (共5 小题;每小题2分,共10分)(共1题；共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中共有两项为多余选项。
Highly sensitive persn, r HSP, is a term cined by psychlgist Elaine Arn. Accrding t research, in every five peple, there's ne HSP. 25 HSPs have strng self-cnsciusness; they may struggle t adapt t new circumstances, demnstrate seemingly inapprpriate emtinal respnses in scial situatins, and easily becme uncmfrtable in respnse t light, sund r certain physical sensatins. 26 .
The pwer f insensitivity can be interpreted as "sluggish (迟缓的) pwer". Usually, peple assciate "insensitivity" with smething bad, but insensitivity des nt equal dullness. 27 That is, calmly facing the setbacks and dwntime in life and firmly mving twards ne's wn directin. It is the "means and wisdm t win a better life", as a Japanese authr writes in the bk The Pwer f Insensitivity. Accrding t him, the wrld will be better if we fcus n the majr gals and stay insensitive t anything else.
28 One f the imprtant reasns is that behind insensitivity is strng self-awareness r self-cnfidence. Knwing yurself is difficult, but knwing yurself crrectly is undubtedly an excellent ability. One f the qualities shared by many successful peple is: they all clearly knw where their strengths are, what they want, and what directin t g.
T practice insensitivity, the first step is t avid verthinking. Resist the urge t veranalyze situatins, and redirect yur fcus twards actinable steps within yur cntrl. Secndly, dn't pay t much attentin t the ups and dwns f life at the mment. Rather, yu shuld be lking frward. Additinally, set clear bundaries. 29 Remember nt t get t invlved in ther peple's business and set limits that keep yu safe frm utside pressures.
As a unique wisdm f life, the pwer f insensitivity gives cmpletely new inspiratin t mdern peple. Once yu becme a bit "blunt" and slw dwn the pace, yu will feel mre cmfrtable.
A. Everyne can btain the ability t be insensitive.
B. That's where the need t be insensitive cmes frm.
C. It emphasizes determinatin when it cmes t difficulties.
D. Avid fcusing t much n what thers are ding r thinking.
E. Regarding relatinships, learn t view the prblem as tw parts.
F. Being a highly sensitive persn can cme with many challenges.
G. Why can insensitivity allw a persn t better adapt in a cmpetitive envirnment?
四、选词填空(共5小题;每小题2分,共10分)(共5题；共6分)
用方框中单词的适当形式完成下列句子，每个单词只能用一次。
anny, warn, drama, intelligent, emtin
30. In recent years, yu may have read news abut artificial ____________________ creating its wn art, such as painting.
31. Pets are ften the nes wh prvide ____________________ supprt fr the family.
32. The cigarette package carries a health ____________________ n it——"Smking is harmful t health".
33. The US shrt stry writer O. Henry in renwned fr his absrbing plts and____________________ endings.
34. He gt very ____________________ with me abut my carelessness.
五、语法填空(共10小题; 每小题1.5 分, 共15分)(共3题；共15分)
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Technlgy has imprved my life in ways that still surprise and delight me. My TV 35 (remember) hw far I gt in yesterday's shw, even if I dn't! I can watch my pizza's entire jurney 36 the restaurant t my huse! These are miracles. But there have been sacrifices. I have turned ver memry and independence t the machines. Over the past 20 years, I 37 (becme) anxius abut prblems that didn't use t exist, and indecisive ver chices I never used t make.
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
The exhibitin——"Blssms f Dunhuang" 38 (hld) at the Natinal Art Museum f China last mnth. It reflected upn the 60-year-lng career f a famus Chinese artist Chang Shana. Her passin fr Dunhuang was inspired by her father 39 was als a famus artist. Chang Shana has devted 40 (she) t preserving the art f Dunhuang. 41 (ensure) that the thusand-year-ld art lives n, she's nw wrking with an nline platfrm t prmte the sale f her wrks.
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
While my fellw cnference attendees were 42 (happy) discussing the dinner menu, I was trying t stp a panic attack. This wasn't the first time this had happened. During grup discussins, my brain stpped 43 (functin) and panic tk ver. Fr years I didn't knw 44 I felt like this. But nw I knw the reasn: I have a nerve disrder. Recgnizing this aspect f my identity brings me new wrries and hpe.
六、书面表达 (共两节,32分)第一节(共4小题; 第60、61题各2分, 第62题3分, 第63题5分, 共12分)(共4题；共12分)
阅读下面的短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Hgan was ne f the greatest glfers f the 20th century, an accmplishment he achieved thrugh tireless practice. Fr him, every practice sessin had a purpse. He spent years breaking dwn each phase f the glf swing and testing new methds fr each part. The result was near perfectin. Hgan finished his career with nine majr champinships. During his prime, ther glfers attributed his remarkable success t "Hgan's secret". Tday, experts have a new term fr his style f imprvement: deliberate practice.
Deliberate practice refers t a special type f practice that is purpseful and systematic. While regular practice might include mindless repetitins, deliberate practice requires fcused attentin and is cnducted with the specific gal f imprving perfrmance. When Hgan carefully recnstructed each step f his glf swing, he was engaging in deliberate practice. He was finely tuning his technique.
The greatest challenge f deliberate practice is t remain fcused. In the beginning, shwing up and putting in yur repeated practice is the mst imprtant thing. But after a while we begin t carelessly verlk small errrs and miss daily pprtunities fr imprvement. This is because the natural tendency f the human brain is t transfrm repeated behavirs int autmatic habits. The mre we repeat a task, the mre mindless it becmes. Mindless activity is the enemy f deliberate practice. The danger f practicing the same thing again and again is that prgress becmes assumed. T ften, we assume we are getting better simply because we are gaining experience. In reality, we are merely reinfrcing ur current habits—nt imprving them.
Deliberate practice always fllws the same pattern: break the verall prcess dwn int parts, identify yur weaknesses, test new strategies fr each sectin, and then integrate yur learning int the verall prcess.
Deliberate practice des nt mean that yu can fashin yurself int anything with enugh wrk and effrt, thugh. While human beings d pssess a remarkable ability t develp their skills, genes put limits n hw far any individual can g. But genetics d nt determine perfrmance. It is deliberate practice that can help us maximize ur ptential. It turns ptential int reality.
45. What is deliberate practice accrding t the passage?
46. What is the danger f mindless repetitin?
47. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
Accrding t the passage, we pssess a remarkable ability t develp ur skills, s we can achieve any success thrugh deliberate practice.
48. Hw will yu use deliberate practice t develp ne f yur skills?(In abut40 wrds)
七、第二节 (20分)(共1题；共20分)
49. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。你校学生会将要组织国际文化周活动，你和交换生 Jim 共同负责文学板块 (Literature Sectin) 的活动设计, 请你用英文给 Jim写一封邮件，内容包括：
1.分享你的活动设计方案；
2.询问对方的建议。
注意：
1. 词数 100左右;
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
Yurs,
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