选择性必修 第三册Unit 6 Nature in words教课ppt课件

这是一份选择性必修 第三册Unit 6 Nature in words教课ppt课件，共41页。PPT课件主要包含了NATURE，sea，birds，rainforest，mountains，如何写英文诗歌等内容，欢迎下载使用。
Unit 6 Nature in wrds
Writing a pem abut nature
T get sme knwledge abut pems and appreciate three pemsT learn t write yur wn pem
What is a pem?
A pem is a cmpsitin with rhythmic balance expressing ideas r experiences r feelings.
A pem is a literary wrk that is nt in verse but deals with emtinal r descriptive themes in a rhythmic frm.
A pem is a piece f writing in which the wrds are arranged in separate lines, ften ending in rhyme, and are chsen fr their sund and fr the images and ideas they suggest.
A Grain f Sand William BlakeT see a wrld in a grain f sand, And a heaven in a wild flwer, Hld infinity in the palm f yur hand,And eternity in an hur.
Have yu read the pem?
D yu remember any pems yu have read, either in Chinese r in English?
Hw lng will the bright mn appear? Wine-cup in hand, I ask the sky. I d nt knw what time f year, It wuld be tnight in the palace n high.
水调歌头 苏轼 明月几时有？把酒问青天。 不知天上宫阙，今夕是何年。
There are many reasns why peple write pems. Make a list f these reasns.
Peple write pems t…tell a stryexpress feelings recall an enjyable r unpleasant incident
tell the life, friendship, r rmancedelight the kidsdescribe the seasns r scenesfr entertainment as the lyric f a sng …
Read the pems and tick the crrect bx(es) fr each questin.
“A Leaf Falls with Lneliness” by E.E. Cummings
排版既强化了它要传达的信息，又会加强读者的情感回应。lneliness孤独，寂寞， lneliness 被单独放在括号外，强调了词的本身含义。a leaf falls中的字母被括了起来，分隔在不同的诗行之中。有的诗行放了一个字母， 有的诗行放了两个字母，表达一片树叶独自飘落。字母的位置也映现出树叶摇摇摆摆落到地面之前的轨迹。
Frm “The Star” by Jane Taylr
She wre her yellw sun-bnnet,She wre her greenest gwn;She turned t the suth windAnd curtsied up and dwn.She turned t the sunlightAnd shk her yellw head,And whispered t her neighbr:“Winter is dead.”
“Daffdwndilly” by A. A. Milne
Rhyme is a typical feature f English petry. A rhyme is a repetitin f similar sunds (r the same sund) in tw r mre wrds. Children’s pems, called “nursery rhymes”, usually cntain strng rhymes s they are easy t be remembered. In mdern petry, hwever, features ther than rhyme are mre imprtant. Lines f mdern petry can be f variable length, the shape f the wrds n the page is mre imprtant, and rhyme is nt ften used.
Rhyme, als spelled rime, the crrespndence f tw r mre wrds with similar-sunding final syllables placed s as t ech ne anther. Rhyme is used by pets and ccasinally by prse writers t prduce sunds appealing t the reader’s senses and t unify and establish a pem’s stanza (节，段) frm.
押韵体现诗歌之美韵脚（rhyme）是指诗、词、歌、赋等韵文句末押韵的词。因其位置一般都出现在一句的末尾，故称“韵脚”。无论是英文诗歌还是中文诗歌，押韵是常见的特征，它们赋予诗歌节奏和音乐之美。押韵的常见方式有随韵，如Pem b，“Twinkle, twinkle, little star”是一首英文童谣（nursery rhyme），相邻两句拥有相同的韵脚star — are，high — sky。这类诗歌朗读起来节奏感强，朗朗上口，易于吟唱与识记，符合儿童语言发展以及心理认知特征。
Pem c使用了隔行押韵的方式，第二句与第四句尾gwn — dwn拥有相同韵脚，第六句与第八句尾head — dead拥有相同韵脚。这种押韵方式一般是奇句不押韵，偶句押韵。与古代诗歌相比，现代诗歌形式多样，长短不一，也不严格遵循音律特征。例如Pem a的呈现形式酷似一片翩翩落地的树叶，将飘零与孤寂之感融入诗歌外在表现形式。
MetaphrA metaphr is ne f the mst cmmn figures f speech that is used t describe an bject, persn, situatin, r actin in a creative way that helps a reader understand it better. The cmparisn is usually nt literal and the tw things might be vastly different.
暗喻是将两个不相关但具有某些共同特征的事物进行含蓄的、暗示的或隐含的比较。That test was a ttal breeze.那次考试真是易如反掌。breeze微风；轻而易举的事。
SimileA simile is a cmparisn between tw unlike things that uses the wrds “like” r “as”. A pet uses this kind f figurative language t say that ne thing is similar t anther, nt like metaphr, that it “is” anther. The biggest difference between metaphr and simile is that similes say that smething is “like” smething else, r “as” smething else, rather than actually being that thing. 
诗歌中常用明喻、暗喻和拟人修辞手法。明喻是将两个不同的事物做比较，展示二者的相同之处。一般借助like或as这样的词来描绘相似之处。The muntains were like enrmus shadws n the hrizn. 群山像地平线上巨大的阴影。Her cheeks are red like a rse.她的脸颊像玫瑰一样红。
Persnificatin Persnificatin is a literary device that entails the prjectin f human characteristics nt inanimate (无生命的) bjects in rder t create pwerful imagery. But, nt nly bjects, ther less physical things such as frces f nature (lve and death) as well as animals can be transfrmed thrugh persnificatin.
拟人是指把人类的情感、欲望、感觉、手势和语言等赋予人类以外的事物。这些人类以外的事物可以是物体、事件、动植物等。The branches waved in the wind.树枝在风中摇曳。The sun was smiling. 太阳在微笑。
Think abut wrds and expressins related t nature and add them t the mind map.
what yur pem will be abutwhat kind f pem yu are ging t writewhat figures f speech yu will usewhat wrds yu can use fr that rhyme (if using rhyme)
Plan a pem. Cnsider the fllwing:
        诗歌是高度概括、反映社会生活的文学体裁，也是最富有激情和感情色彩的体裁。诗歌往往用高度凝练的语言来表达诗人的喜怒哀乐，诗人把自己对生活和客观世界的理解和感悟融入诗中。诗歌可以以其特有的节奏与方式影响人们的精神世界，饱含着作者丰富的思想感情。
1. 目的明确。人们写诗歌出于各种各样的目的，有的是为了讲述一个故事，有的是为了表达感情，有的是为了描述事物等等。2. 内容充实。诗歌要言之有物，传达出作者对外在世界的独特感受，所表现的题材要有深刻丰富的内心体验。3. 形式适当。在写诗歌时要注意选择一种既能实现写作目的又能驾驭的形式。
五行诗。第一行：一个名词（主题）；第二行：两个形容词（描写主题）；第三行：三个动词-ing形式（与主题相关的动作）；第四行：四个词（作者感受）；第五行：一个词（回归主题）。KittyNaughty, sleepyChasing, tearing, lickingDay in, night utMew
清单诗。可长可短，可以重复一些短语，形成固定句型和诗的节奏。可以有韵脚，也可以没有。What mves meIt mves me my family arund the table have hliday feasts.When my father mends my bicycle with il-cvered hands.When my mther waits a lng time fr me at the schl gate.When my grandpa hlds Grandma’s hands while crssing the street.When my sister sings a sweet lullaby (摇篮曲) t her baby.When my pet cat licks her kittens sftly.
4. 语言得当。诗歌的语言不同于我们的日常用语，也不同于一般的小说和散文的语言。诗人只有对实用语言加以“破坏、改造”，如英国著名诗人艾略特所说的那样“扭断语法的脖子”，才能使之成为诗歌的语言。5. 有节奏感。在语言的外观上，诗歌通常是以分行排列的方式呈现，且要有和谐的音韵，鲜明的节奏。诗歌的押韵是指通过重复元音或辅音以达到一定的音韵效果，一首诗歌的押韵具有一定的规律，尤其是在诗句的末尾，即尾韵。
Spring, the sweet Spring, is the year’s pleasant king;Then blms each thing, then maids dance in a ring,Cld dth nt sting, the pretty birds d sing,Cuck, jug-jug, pu-we, t-witta-w!(Spring by Thmas Nash)
Nw write yur pem.
Wrk in pairs. Make imprvements t each ther’s pems and share them with the class.
There nce was a by wh thught,He culd eat all the sweets he had bught.He gbbled them dwn,Then started t frwn,Cause he’d eaten mre than he ught.
中文格律诗较英文格律诗的优势
1) 中文格律诗的格式、字数更整齐，兼具音韵美和形体美，还可以用对仗等其他语言格律诗很难做到的技巧格式。2) 同音字多，同韵字多，更方便押韵。3) 依托悠久深邃的文化，可以用很多典故，有利于言简易意深的含蓄表达。4) 句法更灵活，成分可以省略，倒装也十分灵活。
Discuss the similarities and differences between Chinese and English pems.
英文格律诗较中文格律诗的优势
1) 以英语为依托，在世界范围内更易懂，受众群体更广泛。2) 更容易表现和吸收其他文化元素。3) 押韵方式更灵活，有abab，abba以及其他隔句押韵的方式。
诗歌相关语块The Bk f Sngs is the earliest existing cllectin f Chinese pems and sngs.《诗经》是现存最早的中国诗歌总集。Mre than any ther frm f literature, petry plays with sunds, wrds and grammar.诗歌比其它任何一种文学形式都更讲究发声、词汇和语法的运用。Petry ften fllws special patterns f rhythm and rhyme.诗歌常常遵循专门的节奏和押韵格式。
Chinese readers admire his wrks because f his use f surprising images that reminds them f the wrks f pets such as 中国读者欣赏他的作品，是因为他使用令人惊奇的意象，使人想起……等诗人的作品。The style and atmsphere in their pems ften led t cmparisn with pets such as 他们的诗作的风格和氛围常常使人把他们与……等诗人相提并论。Petry calls up all the clrs, feelings, experiences and curius images f a dream wrld.诗歌能唤起梦幻世界的一切色彩、感情、经历和各种奇特的意象。
Let life be beautiful like summer flwers and death like autumn leaves.  —Tagre使生如夏花之绚烂，死如秋叶之静美。—泰戈尔
用英语写一首五行诗。第一行：一个名词（主题）；第二行：两个形容词（描写主题）；第三行：三个动词-ing形式（与主题相关的动作）；第四行：四个词（作者感受）；第五行：一个词（回归主题）。KittyNaughty, sleepyChasing, tearing, lickingDay in, night utMew