专题3 完形填空之依据生活常识解题（教师版+学生版）

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考点3 生活常识
1. 两年真题考点分布
2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】两年高考卷对于完形填空中生活常识和文化背景考查了14次。主要考查：
生活常识和文化背景。
【备考策略】系统归类生活常识和文化背景的知识；熟练掌握完形填空技能。
【命题预测】
完形填空是高考英语中的必考题型，完形填空中的生活常识和文化背景也必然会出现在2024年的高考中。
【2024年高考命题预测】
完形填空生活常识和文化背景考点是高考中的重要考点。生活常识和文化背景考点是完形填空的重要命题手段，每年高考都考。预测在2024高考中，生活常识和文化背景可能会在完形填空试题中呈现。
【完形填空生活常识和文化背景考点指南】
规律方法：完形填空技巧之生活常识和文化背景
跨文化思考意识是中学英语《新课程标准》中要求的基本准则之一。因此考生在备考过程中，应该有意识地利用有关资料，了解一些有关中西方文化差异的知识来完善自己的知识系统。完形填空题中有时就渗透着相关的，如科学、历史、文化、风俗民情等方面的知识。如果考生掌握了丰富的文化背景知识和生活常识，就具备了一定的判断能力，可以大大简化复杂的分析过程和判断过程。这就要求考生平时既要多体验生活，又要扩大阅读面，增强自己这方面的知识储备，避免常识性错误。同时，还要注意中西方文化的差异，避免出现汉语式表达或理解。
完形填空题所选的文章多是具有一定故事情节和教育意义的记叙文，这些语篇都非常贴近学生的生活，涉及日常生活常识的试题就在所难免。所以考生在解题时，可以根据这些常识做出正确选择。
完形填空的语篇信息常交织渗透着各类相关的文化背景知识：有些选项的设置与文化背景有关，这就要求考生有较宽的知识面，同时具备一定的文化意识，特别要有对英语国家文化的敏感性和鉴别力，只有这样才能既快又准确地解题。
【总结方法】
生活是一本书，世事洞明皆学问。完形填空的语篇中往往渗透着三者如文化科学、历史地理、风俗民情等方面的知识。能够根据生活常识答题，也是完形填空要考查的一个方面。学生在把握全文意思的基础上，有时还需要根据生活常识和一般情理进行选择。
【典例1】 (2023•新高考全国Ⅰ卷·节选)
Her 42 came because she was carrying a cmpetitr acrss the finish line.
( )B.chanceC.trubleD.excuse
42.A 根据上文“Melanie Bailey shuld have…the curse earlier than she did.”和Melanie Bailey本应该更早完成比赛,她的延迟是因为她背着一名竞争对手到达终点线。故选A。delay延误; chance机会; truble麻烦; excuse借口。
【提醒】根据常识背着一名竞争对手到达终点线，应该会延迟到达终点的时间。
【典例2】 (2023•新高考全国Ⅰ卷·节选)
Bailey tk her arm t see if she culd walk frward with aid. She culdn’t. Bailey then 47 t let Lenue climb nt her back and carried her all the way t the finish line, then anther 300 feet t where Lenue culd get medical attentin.
( ) awayB.std upC.stepped asideD.bent dwn
47.D 根据下文“…let Lenue climb nt her back…”可知,Bailey弯下腰,让Lenue爬到她的背上。故选D。g away离开; stand up站起来; step aside让位; bend dwn弯腰。
【提醒】根据常识自然是弯下腰，让Lenue爬到她的背上。
【典例3】 (2023•新高考全国Ⅰ卷·节选)Althugh the tw yung wmen were strangers befre the 54 , they’ve since becme friends.
( )B.testC.meetD.shw
54.C 根据第一段“…hundreds f runners cmpeted in a crss-cuntry race…”及空前的“…the tw yung wmen were strangers befre the…”可知,句子表示“尽管这两个年轻女子在那场体育比赛之前是陌生人”。故选C。ride短途旅程; test测试; meet体育比赛; shw节目。
【提醒】根据常识，两人没见面之前自然是陌生人。
【典例4】 (2023•新高考全国Ⅱ卷·节选)After sme gdbyes, I asked Gerge and his wife t help me 51 Tiffy int the plane. I prmised t take care f Tiffy and 52 them as sn as we gt t Kansas City.
( )B.fllwC.changeD.lad
( )B.jinC.leaveD.serve
51.D 作者请求乔治和他的妻子帮助自己将Tiffy装上飞机。feed喂养; fllw跟随; change改变; lad装上。故选D项。【提醒】因为文中有the plane，根据常识自然是把小狗Tiffy装到飞机上。
52.A 根据常识可知,将狗运到弗吉尼亚州后,作者会打电话给他们。call打电话; jin参加; leave离开; serve服务。故选A项。
【典例5】 (2023年1月•浙江卷·节选)Ziyad began preparatins. He gathered handfuls f damp tree leaves, wrapped them with string, and ____46____ the bunch t create a trch(火把).
46．A．shkB．litC．measuredD．decrated
46．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他采集了几捧潮湿的树叶，用线把它们包裹起来，最后点燃这捆树叶当火把。A. shk摇晃；B. lit点燃；点亮；C. measured测量；D. decrated装饰。根据后文“t create a trch”可知，此空格处指点燃用细绳捆扎的树叶当火把。故选B项。
【提醒】根据常识，只有点燃那捆树叶才能当火把。故用lit。
【典例6】 (2023•全国甲卷·节选)But when we lked at the tmates, we were wrried because they were s misshapen: nt at all like the nice, rund, 47 things yu get in a supermarket. And the wine was cludy, in a funny ld bttle with n label(标签) n it.
( )B.realC.shinyD.fun
47.C 根据常识可知,从超市买的西红柿色泽鲜亮。simple简单的;real真实的; shiny发亮的,有光泽的;fun有趣的。故选C。
【典例7】 (2023•全国甲卷·节选)It’s a surprise they haven’t managed t grw square nes s that they can 56 them easily. Mari’s wine may have been cludy and cme ut f an ld bttle, but it was perfect.
( )B.check C.cuntD.pack
56.D 根据常识可知,种植形态规整的西红柿是为了好打包装箱。clean打扫;check核对; cunt 计算;pack打包,装箱。故选D。
【典例8】 (2023•全国乙卷·节选)T becme the Olympic champin in the individual(个人) all-arund event, Gabby Duglas had t leave everything she knew best. She had t 42 her bedrm in Virginia. She had t say 43 t her tw dgs and t the beach, where she lved t ride waves n her bard.
( ) upB.pack upC.clean up D.d up
( )B.hellC.thanksD.n
42.B 根据空前句“…Gabby Duglas had t leave everything she…best.”可知,Gabby Duglas要离开,因此需要把卧室的东西打包。take up占据; pack up把……打包; clean up 清理,打扫; d up修缮。故选B项。
43.A 根据空前句“…Gabby Duglas had t leave everything she…best.”可知,Gabby Duglas要离开,因此需要对她的狗和海滩说再见。say gdbye t意为“对……说再见”。故选A项。
【提醒】根据常识，Duglas要离开熟悉的一切，自然就要打包房间里的东西，向两只狗狗告别。
【典例9】 (2023•全国乙卷·节选)Even at 14,Duglas knew that. S she g ff abut 1,200 miles away frm hme, t 48 with a cach frm China. She lived with a family she had never 49 and everything was new t her.
( ) B.talkC.cmpeteD.train
( )B.helpedC.understd D.needed
48.D 根据空后a cach frm China可知,Gabby Duglas要和一位来自中国的教练训练。reasn推理; talk谈话; cmpete参加比赛,竞争; train训练。故选D项。
49.A 根据空后“…everything was new t her.”可知,她要和一个她从来没有见过的家庭生活。meet遇见; help帮助; understand理解; need需要。故选A项。
【提醒】根据常识，既然是一位来自中国的教练，那自然就是训练。一切对她来说都是新的，当然也包括未见到的人。
1. (2021·全国甲卷·节选)
As he was 45 that it wuld be t warm, he 46.laid it ut n the table near an pen windw.
45．A．surprised B．pleased
C．excitedD．wrried
【解析】本题可以根据生活常识解题。根据he 46.laid it ut n the table near an pen windw可知，他担心辣香肠会太热，所以把它放在靠近一扇敞开着的窗户的桌子上。故选D。
2.【2022·新高考I卷】We were stuck in the middle f the lake with a dead mtr. As we all sat there ____32____, a fisherman pulled up, threw us a rpe and twed (拖) us back. We were safe.
32. A. patientlyB. tirelesslyC. dubtfullyD. helplessly
32. D考查副词词义辨析。句意：当我们无助地坐在那里时，一个渔夫停了下来，扔给我们一根绳子并把我们拖了回来。A. patiently耐心地；B. tirelessly不知疲倦地；C. dubtfully怀疑地；D. helplessly无助地。根据上文“We were stuck in the middle f the lake with a dead mtr.”可推知，此处指在天气恶劣的情况下船无法启动了，作者与家人十分无助地坐着。故选D。
3.【2022·新高考I卷】The ___29___ picked up and thunder rlled.
29. A. windB. niseC. temperatureD. speed
29. A考查名词词义辨析。句意：狂风大作，雷声隆隆。A. wind风；B. nise噪音；C. temperature温度；D. speed速度。根据上文“strms mve in fast in the muntains”可推知，此处指大风刮了起来。故选A。
4.【2022·新高考全国Ⅱ】Like many yung peple, Jessica wants t travel the glbe. Unlike mst f them, this 25-year-ld is ding it full-time. She and her husband have spent the last tw years traveling the wrld, stpping everywhere frm Paris t Singapre. It might sund like ne lng, expensive ___22___ , but the cuple has an unusual way t make their travel affrdable.
22．A．gameB．serviceC．vacatinD．prcedure
22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这听起来像是一个漫长而昂贵的假期，但这对夫妇有一种不同寻常的方式让他们的旅行负担得起。A. game游戏；B. service服务；C. vacatin假期；D. prcedure手续。结合上文可知Jessica在环球旅行，所以是假期。故选C。
【提示】25岁进行为期2年的旅行，根据常识应该是度假。不然25岁的年轻人要工作。
5.【2022·新高考全国Ⅱ】They’re part f a new frm f the sharing ecnmy: an nline grup f huse sitters. Thrughut their n-cst stays in strangers’ hmes, they feed pets and water plants in the hmewner’s ___26___ .
26．A．favrB．defenseC．hnrD．absence
26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在他们免费住在陌生人家里的过程中，他们会在房主不在的时候喂宠物、给植物浇水。A. favr帮助；B. defense防御；C. hnr荣誉；D. absence缺席。根据上文“they feed pets and water plants in the hmewner’s”指在房主不在的时候喂宠物、给植物浇水。故选D。
【提示】根据常识，只有主人不在家时，才能给他们浇花、为宠物。故选absence。
5.【2022·全国甲卷】Fr many years, I enjyed living with my dgs, Tilly and Chance. Their ___41___ was nearly enugh t keep my lneliness at bay.
41. A. wnershipB. membershipC. cmpaninshipD. leadership
41. C它们的陪伴几乎足以让我远离孤独。A. wnership所有权；B. membership会员；C. cmpaninship陪伴；D. leadership领导。根据上文中的“Fr many years, I enjyed living with my dgs, Tilly and Chance. 多年来，我喜欢和我的狗Tilly和Chance生活在一起，可知，狗狗陪伴着作者，让作者远离孤独。故选C。
【提示】养狗作伴远离孤独是常识。
基础过关
（最新模拟试题演练）
微型完形填空
1.【2023届浙江省诸暨市高三5月诊断性考试】When the researchers walked arund campus withut masks, the crws they had caught and banded didn’t react t them. But when the ____26____ humans walked by while wearing the masks, the crws sclded (责骂) ludly and dived at their “enemies”. The birds had remembered their faces!
26．A．friendlyB．unkindC．differentD．same
26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是，当同一批人戴着面具走过时，乌鸦们大声斥责，并向它们的“敌人”俯冲下去。A. friendly友好的；B. unkind不友善的；C. different不同的；D. same同样的。由下文“humans walked by while wearing the masks”和常识可知，为了保证实验的可信性，应是同一批人戴着面具走过，故选D。
2.【2023届浙江Z20名校联盟高三第三次联考】But things tk an unexpected turn when he learned that his wife, Ann Rice, was struggling t breathe . She had a(n) histry f chrnic (慢性的) lung disease and had been n a ventilatr fr 3 years. The nursing facility where she lived was 27 miles frm Rbert, and dctrs believed she culd die as carbn dixide ____46____in her lungs.
46．A．accumulatedB．frmedC．circulatedD．melted
46．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她住的护理机构距离罗伯特27英里，医生认为她可能会因为肺部积聚二氧化碳而死亡。A. accumulated积累；B. frmed形成；C. circulated循环，传播；D. melted融化。结合常识可以，呼吸困难会使二氧化碳积累在肺部，最终导致死亡。故选A。
3.【浙江省十校联盟2022-2023学年高三第三次联考】Misty Cpeland spends mst days twisting, spinning and leaping. She practices and ___42___ the graceful mvements f her art. When she isn’t perfrming she is practicing. When she isn’t practicing, she is stretching. She takes classes almst every day.
42．A．perfectsB．cnquersC．examinesD．describes
42．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她练习和完善她的艺术优美的动作。A. perfects完善；B. cnquers征服；C. examines检查；D. describes描述。根据下文“When she isn’t perfrming she is practicing. When she isn’t practicing, she is stretching. She takes classes almst every day.”及常识可知，Misty Cpeland不断地练习，是为了完善自己的舞蹈动作。故选A。
4. 【浙江省北斗星盟2022-2023学年高三上学期12月联考】
On Sunday, Schnbrdt, a 71-year-ld frm Maastricht, ran a marathn. In a ____41____ 2hr 54 mins and 19 secs, he became the fastest persn f his age in histry. At an age when many f his cntempraries (同龄人) are____42____ dwn, J Schnbrdt is____43____ speeding up.
It turned ut that Schnbrdt’s new 70+ wrld recrd, was ____44____ by an unlikely surce: the Belgian singer Eddy Wally. With a few miles____45____, his legs were starting t get____46____.
41．A．prmisingB．frighteningC．disappintingD．surprising
42．A．windingB．jumpingC．lkingD．handing
43．A．alsB．nearlyC．thenD．smehw
44．A．inspiredB．puzzledC．shckedD．amused
45．A．runningB．waitingC．remainingD．starting
46．A．heavierB．fasterC．tighterD．lighter
41．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在令人惊讶的2小时54分19秒内，他成为了历史上他这个年龄段跑得最快的人。A. prmising有希望的；B. frightening令人害怕的；C. disappinting令人失望的；D. surprising令人惊讶的。根据“he became the fastest persn f his age in histry.”可知，70多岁的老人在2小时54分19秒内跑完马拉松，是令人惊讶的。故选D。
42．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在许多同龄人都已越走越慢，乔·施洪布鲁特却在不知何故地加速前进。A. winding蜿蜒；B. jumping跳；C. lking看；D. handing递交。wind dwn放松；慢下来。根据“J Schnbrdt is____3____ speeding up.”可知，许多同龄人都已越走越慢。故选A。
43．考查副词词义辨析。句意：在许多同龄人都已越走越慢，乔·施洪布鲁特却在不知何故地加速前进。A. als也；B. nearly几乎；C. then然而；D. smehw以某种方式；不知怎么地。根据“At an age when many f his cntempraries (同龄人) are____2____ dwn,”可知，同龄人越走越慢，乔·施洪布鲁特却不知怎么地在加速前进。故选D。
44．考查动词词义辨析。句意：事实证明，施洪布鲁特的70+世界纪录来自一个不太可能来源的鼓舞：比利时歌手埃迪·沃利。A. inspired鼓舞；B. puzzled困惑；C. shcked震惊；D. amused娱乐。be inspired by受到……鼓舞。根据“the Belgian singer Eddy Wally.”可知，施洪布鲁特受到比利时歌手埃迪·沃利的鼓舞。故选A。
45．考查动词词义辨析。句意：还剩几英里时，他的腿开始变得更沉了。A. running跑；B. waiting等待；C. remaining剩余；D. starting开始。根据“his legs were starting t get____6____.”可知，比赛结束还剩最后几英里。故选C。
46．考查形容词比较级词义辨析。句意：还剩几英里时，他的腿开始变得更沉了。A. heavier更重的；B. faster更快的；C. tighter更紧的；D. lighter更轻的。根据“With a few miles____5____,”和常识可知，马拉松最后，腿越来越重。故选A。
5.【浙江省普通高中2022-2023学年高三12月尖子生深研模拟（一）】The ptential message these psts send is that if yu eat like them, then yu can eventually lk like them. Yet what smene else eats in a day desn’t mean it’s right fr yu, since these “____24____” vides are nt a cmpletely accurate representatin f what smene typically eats.
24．A．mdernB．stagedC．educatinalD．alternative
24．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，别人一天吃什么并不意味着它就适合你，因为这些“筹划的”的视频并不能完全准确地反映一个人通常吃什么。A. mdern现代的；B. staged组织的，筹划的；C. educatinal教育的；D. alternative可选择的。结合常识和句中“nt a cmpletely accurate representatin f what smene typically eats.”可知，抖音上发布视频是经过筹划的，并不能真实准确地反应真实情况。故选B项。
5.【辽宁省葫芦岛市协作校高三上学期第一次考试】When I tried t dwnlad the
lder versin again, it wuldn’t wrk. Then there were the difficulties f transferring all f my ld stries that I had 25 n a USB drive.
25．A．hiredB．cleanedC．rejectedD．saved
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，把我保存在USB驱动器上的所有旧故事转移到电脑上也很困难。A. hired雇佣；B. cleaned打扫；C. rejected拒绝；D. saved保存。由下文的“n a USB drive”和常识可知，USB驱动器是用来保存资料信息的。故选D项。
6.【河北省保定市高三上学期摸底】But instead f leting the man g, she insist that if his bill wasn't ging t be paid in full, the electricity cmpany wuld prbably give a 29 n next electricity bill fr the unpaid fee. It meant he wuld pay mre the next time.
29．A．callB．fineC．discuntD．favur
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但她并没有放他走，而是坚持说，如果他家的电费不能全部被付清，电力公司可能会针对未支付的费用，在他的下一次电费账单上罚款。A. call呼叫；B. fine罚款；C. discunt折扣；D. favur偏爱、赞同、善行。根据上一题内容并结合生活常识可知，女士表示如果不付清电费，将会被罚款。故选B项。
7.【河北省保定市高三上学期期末】Brandn invited Chu t jin them fr dinner, but he needed t get back. Chu als wuldn’t accept any 34 frm them. “It was a（n）hnr t help fulfill their wishes.” Chu says.
34．A．cngratulatinB．prpsalC．genersityD．mney
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当然，Chu也不会收他们的钱。A. cngratulatin祝贺，庆贺；B. prpsal建议；C. genersity慷慨；D. mney钱。根据常识可知，Chu是开餐馆的，通常给别人做菜后，别人应该要付钱，但Chu不会收他们的钱，故选D。
8.【湖北省武汉市武昌区高三上学期1月质量检测】
My interviews with all thse famus peple are significant t me, but anther persnal interview meant even mre.
I regretted nt learning mre abut the childhd f my parents and their siblings(兄弟姐妹), s a few years ag, I interviewed my nly living uncle, 80-year-ld Uncle Je. He sat in his living rm chair, and I 23 my equipment, asking questins like “What was it like grwing up in the Great Depressin?” and “What did yu d fr fun as a by?”
23．A．gave awayB．tk awayC．set upD．packed up
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：他坐在客厅的椅子上，我摆好了设备，问了一些问题，比如“在大萧条中长大是什么感觉？”还有“你小时候做了什么好玩的事？”A. gave away赠送，泄露；B. tk away带走；C. set up建立，搭建；D. packed up打包。结合常识和“my equipment”可知，采访需要摆好（搭建）设备。故选C。
9.【江西省吉安市高三上学期期末】A plane was flying smewhere t cut an abandned il pipeline, The pilt Dwns 21 eight emplyees f the il cmpany and a man named Elit n bard.
21．A．hiredB．visitedC．carriedD．telephned
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：飞机上有飞行员Dwns、八名石油公司员工和一名名叫Elit的男子。A. hired雇佣；B. visited拜访，参观；C. carried携带，拿；D. telephned打电话。根据常识，飞机上应该是载有多少乘客，这里的carry理解为“载有”。故选C项。
10.【2022届江苏省海安高级中学高三下学期5月阶段检测】
15 years ag, when I was playing basketball in ne f Australia’s premier basketball leagues, I remember a sprts psychlgist we had fr the seasn. As yung prfessinal athletes with high egs (自我价值感), the team were nt quite cnvinced the techniques f psychlgy wuld imprve perfrmance, especially when it didn’t invlve using the physical strength and endurance needed t __22__ the weeks f training and games. I, n the ther hand, was interested.
22．A．cmpensate frB．prepare frC．tugh utD．shw up
22．考查动词短语辨析。句意：作为一群年轻又自视甚高的职业运动员，大家都不太相信心理技术可以提高成绩，特别是当它不需要动用身体力量和耐力来挺过数周的训练和比赛时。A. cmpensate fr补偿；B. prepare fr为……准备；C. tugh ut挺过去，生活艰难；D. shw up露面。根据常识可知，日复一日的训练和打比赛需要强大的体力和耐力才能支撑下来，然而文中的心理学家让这些队员们使用心理学的办法来应对。tugh ut意为“勇敢地承受，挺过去”，符合语境。故选C。
真题感知
1.(2023•新高考全国Ⅰ卷·节选)
Her 42 came because she was carrying a cmpetitr acrss the finish line.
( )B.chanceC.trubleD.excuse
42.A 根据上文“Melanie Bailey shuld have…the curse earlier than she did.”和Melanie Bailey本应该更早完成比赛,她的延迟是因为她背着一名竞争对手到达终点线。故选A。delay延误; chance机会; truble麻烦; excuse借口。
【提醒】根据常识背着一名竞争对手到达终点线，应该会延迟到达终点的时间。
2.(2023•新高考全国Ⅰ卷·节选)
Bailey tk her arm t see if she culd walk frward with aid. She culdn’t. Bailey then 47 t let Lenue climb nt her back and carried her all the way t the finish line, then anther 300 feet t where Lenue culd get medical attentin.
( ) awayB.std upC.stepped asideD.bent dwn
47.D 根据下文“…let Lenue climb nt her back…”可知,Bailey弯下腰,让Lenue爬到她的背上。故选D。g away离开; stand up站起来; step aside让位; bend dwn弯腰。
【提醒】根据常识自然是弯下腰，让Lenue爬到她的背上。
3.(2023•新高考全国Ⅰ卷·节选)Althugh the tw yung wmen were strangers befre the 54 , they’ve since becme friends.
( )B.testC.meetD.shw
54.C 根据第一段“…hundreds f runners cmpeted in a crss-cuntry race…”及空前的“…the tw yung wmen were strangers befre the…”可知,句子表示“尽管这两个年轻女子在那场体育比赛之前是陌生人”。故选C。ride短途旅程; test测试; meet体育比赛; shw节目。
【提醒】根据常识，两人没见面之前自然是陌生人。
4.(2023•新高考全国Ⅱ卷·节选)After sme gdbyes, I asked Gerge and his wife t help me 51 Tiffy int the plane. I prmised t take care f Tiffy and 52 them as sn as we gt t Kansas City.
( )B.fllwC.changeD.lad
( )B.jinC.leaveD.serve
51.D 作者请求乔治和他的妻子帮助自己将Tiffy装上飞机。feed喂养; fllw跟随; change改变; lad装上。故选D项。【提醒】因为文中有the plane，根据常识自然是把小狗Tiffy装到飞机上。
52.A 根据常识可知,将狗运到弗吉尼亚州后,作者会打电话给他们。call打电话; jin参加; leave离开; serve服务。故选A项。
5.(2023年1月•浙江卷·节选)Ziyad began preparatins. He gathered handfuls f damp tree leaves, wrapped them with string, and ____46____ the bunch t create a trch(火把).
46．A．shkB．litC．measuredD．decrated
46．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他采集了几捧潮湿的树叶，用线把它们包裹起来，最后点燃这捆树叶当火把。A. shk摇晃；B. lit点燃；点亮；C. measured测量；D. decrated装饰。根据后文“t create a trch”可知，此空格处指点燃用细绳捆扎的树叶当火把。故选B项。
【提醒】根据常识，只有点燃那捆树叶才能当火把。故用lit。
6.【2022·新高考I卷】We were stuck in the middle f the lake with a dead mtr. As we all sat there ____32____, a fisherman pulled up, threw us a rpe and twed (拖) us back. We were safe.
32. A. patientlyB. tirelesslyC. dubtfullyD. helplessly
32. D考查副词词义辨析。句意：当我们无助地坐在那里时，一个渔夫停了下来，扔给我们一根绳子并把我们拖了回来。A. patiently耐心地；B. tirelessly不知疲倦地；C. dubtfully怀疑地；D. helplessly无助地。根据上文“We were stuck in the middle f the lake with a dead mtr.”可推知，此处指在天气恶劣的情况下船无法启动了，作者与家人十分无助地坐着。故选D。
7.【2022·新高考I卷】The ___29___ picked up and thunder rlled.
29. A. windB. niseC. temperatureD. speed
29. A考查名词词义辨析。句意：狂风大作，雷声隆隆。A. wind风；B. nise噪音；C. temperature温度；D. speed速度。根据上文“strms mve in fast in the muntains”可推知，此处指大风刮了起来。故选A。
8.【2022·新高考全国Ⅱ】Like many yung peple, Jessica wants t travel the glbe. Unlike mst f them, this 25-year-ld is ding it full-time. She and her husband have spent the last tw years traveling the wrld, stpping everywhere frm Paris t Singapre. It might sund like ne lng, expensive ___22___ , but the cuple has an unusual way t make their travel affrdable.
22．A．gameB．serviceC．vacatinD．prcedure
22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这听起来像是一个漫长而昂贵的假期，但这对夫妇有一种不同寻常的方式让他们的旅行负担得起。A. game游戏；B. service服务；C. vacatin假期；D. prcedure手续。结合上文可知Jessica在环球旅行，所以是假期。故选C。
【提示】25岁进行为期2年的旅行，根据常识应该是度假。不然25岁的年轻人要工作。
9.【2022·新高考全国Ⅱ】They’re part f a new frm f the sharing ecnmy: an nline grup f huse sitters. Thrughut their n-cst stays in strangers’ hmes, they feed pets and water plants in the hmewner’s ___26___ .
26．A．favrB．defenseC．hnrD．absence
26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在他们免费住在陌生人家里的过程中，他们会在房主不在的时候喂宠物、给植物浇水。A. favr帮助；B. defense防御；C. hnr荣誉；D. absence缺席。根据上文“they feed pets and water plants in the hmewner’s”指在房主不在的时候喂宠物、给植物浇水。故选D。
【提示】根据常识，只有主人不在家时，才能给他们浇花、为宠物。故选absence。
10.【2022·全国甲卷】Fr many years, I enjyed living with my dgs, Tilly and Chance. Their ___41___ was nearly enugh t keep my lneliness at bay.
41. A. wnershipB. membershipC. cmpaninshipD. leadership
41. C它们的陪伴几乎足以让我远离孤独。A. wnership所有权；B. membership会员；C. cmpaninship陪伴；D. leadership领导。根据上文中的“Fr many years, I enjyed living with my dgs, Tilly and Chance. 多年来，我喜欢和我的狗Tilly和Chance生活在一起，可知，狗狗陪伴着作者，让作者远离孤独。故选C。
【提示】养狗作伴远离孤独是常识。
11.【2021·全国新高考I卷】My life as a tax-paying emplyed persn began in middle schl, when, fr three whle days, I wrked in a baking factry. My best friend Betsy’s father was a manager at Hugh Bakeries, which, at Easter time, made little bunny ( 兔 子 ) cakes fr all its 42 thrughut Cleveland.
42．A．stresB．familiesC．schlsD．citizens
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我最好的朋友Betsy的父亲是霍夫面包店的经理，在复活节期间，这家面包店为克利夫兰所有商店制作小兔子蛋糕。A. stres商店；B. families家庭； C. schls学校；D. citizens市民。根据“thrughut Cleveland”结合生活常识，可知这里指的是这家面包店为克利夫兰所有商店制作小兔子蛋糕。故选A。
12.【2021·全国新高考I卷】Dad 53 . The sn f a grcer, he’d spent the summers f his childhd delivering fd in Benardsville, New Jersey. This was the srt f wrk that made yu appreciate the dllars yu earned and respect thse wh did the wrk, he tld me.
53．A．criedB．smiledC．hesitatedD．refused
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：父亲笑了。A. cried哭了； B. smiled微笑；C. hesitated犹豫； D. refused拒绝。根据“The sn f a grcer, he'd spent the summers f his childhd delivering fd in Bemardsville, New Jersey. This was the srt f wrk that made yu appreciate the dllars yu earned and respect thse wh did the wrk, he tld me.”结合生活常识，可知父亲看到我在第一次挣钱的经历中有所感悟和收获，联想到自己童年时类似的经历，父亲会心的笑了。故选B。
13.【2021·全国新高考I卷】This was the srt f wrk that made yu 55 the dllars yu earned and respect thse wh did the wrk, he tld me.
55．A．withdrawB．dnateC．receiveD．appreciate
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他告诉我，这种工作能让你感激得到的报酬，并尊重那些从事这项工作的人。A. withdraw撤退；B. dnate捐赠； C. receive收到；D. appreciate欣赏。根据“the dllars yu earned”结合生活常识，可知孩子们会感激并且非常珍惜自己劳动得到的报酬。故选D。
14.【2021·英语全国甲卷】 It's the seaside birds that deserve at least part f the blame fr getting Nick Burchill blacklisted at the Fairmnt Empress Htel in Victria, Canada.
Burchill was 21 at the htel n business and planning t visit sme friends in the area.
21．A．studyingB．stayingC．lkingD．packing
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Burchill出差，当时正在酒店收拾行李，准备去拜访当地的一些朋友。A. studying研究；B. staying停留；C. lking看；D. packing包装。根据“Burchill was 21 at the htel n business and planning t visit sme friends in the area.”及生活常识可知，Burchill出差住在酒店，准备去拜访当地的一些朋友，自然是在酒店收拾行李。故选D。
15.【2021·英语全国甲卷】The seagulls immediately went wild . They rushed t the windw, 30 r 40 birds all trying t 33 at the same time, and pepperni—everywhere. The curtains were falling dwn, the lamps were falling dwn, It was a real mess.
33．A．wake upB．get utC．take ffD．break in
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：它们冲到窗口，30或40只鸟都想同时出去，到处都是意大利香肠。A. wake up醒来；B. get ut出去；C. take ff起飞；D. break in闯入。根据“They rushed t the windw”及生活常识可知，鸟看到人类很害怕，想同时从窗户逃出去。故选B。
16.【2021·英语全国甲卷】Older and wiser nw, Burchill chalked up the incident t yuthful indiscretin (莽撞).
“I have matured and I admit respnsibility f my actins,” he said in the letter. “I cme t yu, 37 , t aplgize fr the-damage I had indirectly caused and t ask yu t recnsider my lifetime ban frm the htel.”
37．A．hands in pcketB．nse in the air
C．hat in handD．feet n the grund
【答案】C
【解析】考查固定短语辨析。句意：我来找你，恭恭敬敬地，为我间接造成的伤害道歉并请求您重新考虑我被终身禁止入住酒店的决定。A. hands in pcket手放在口袋里； B. nse in the air目中无人；C. hat in hand毕恭毕敬地；D. feet n the grund脚踏实地。根据“t aplgize fr the-damage I had indirectly caused and t ask yu t recnsider my lifetime ban frm the htel.”及生活常识可知，向别人道歉，应该表明自己是毕恭毕敬地。故选C。
17. 【2021年1月浙江高考】But n the last night we were caught in a thunderstrm. I wke up at midnight t find a swimming pl in my tent. The temperature was clse t 31 . I had t spend the rest f the night trembling in the nly dry part f my tent.
31．A．bilingB．averageC．nrmalD．freezing
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容词短语辨析。句意：温度接近零度。A. biling煮沸的的；B. average平均的；C. nrmal正常的；D. freezing冰冻的。根据下文“trembling”得知温度很低。故选D。
18. 【2020·海南卷】Pulling up t the building, Grant saw flames（火焰）shting ut f a secnd-flr windw. Nt seeing r hearing any fire engines appraching Grant rushed t a side entrance and ran up the stairs.
On the secnd flr, he 45 every apartment dr. "Get ut!" Grant shuted, N ne respnded and he assumed that peple had already escaped.
45. A. lcked B. kicked C. cunted D. repaired
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在二楼，他踢了每个公寓的门。A. lcked锁；B. kicked踢；C. cunted计算；D. repaired修。根据上文可知，大楼着火了。格兰特冲上楼去救火，所以踢门符合题意，是为了看里面是否有人。故选B。
19. 【2020·山东省高考英语试卷（新高考全国Ⅰ卷)】 The slutin, f curse, was t plant trees s the animals culd seek shelter during the daytime. He turned t the 29 department fr help but was tld that nthing wuld grw there.
29．A．labrB．pliceC．frestD．finance
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:他向森林部门求助，但被告知那里什么也不长。A. labr劳动；B. plice警察；C. frest森林；D. finance财政，金融。根据前一句中的”The slutin, f curse, was t plant trees”可知，Mlai想要种树，所以他应该向”森林”部门求助。故选C。
20. 【2020·浙江卷】Lamb and mther reunited , I turned back t the tractr nly t see it mve suddenly away frm me. This was s unexpected because I had put the handbrake n when I jumped ut. Obviusly Dn had smehw made the 42 mve.
42．A．lambB．vehicleC．seatD．fence
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：显然，Dn以某种方式使车子动了起来。A. lamb小羊；B. vehicle车辆；C. seat座位；D. fence栅栏。根据I turned back t the tractr nly t see it mve suddenly away frm me.可知我转过身去看拖拉机，却看见它突然离开了我。所以这里指的是Dn开走了我的车。故选B。
人文情怀
考点1生活常识
考点2文化背景
考点
题型
生活常识和文化背景
完形填空
2023
试卷类型
完形填空
考点
2023•新高考全国Ⅰ卷
生活常识
2023•新高考全国Ⅰ卷
dwn
生活常识
2023•新高考全国Ⅰ卷
54.C meet
生活常识
2023•新高考全国Ⅱ卷
51.D 52.A
生活常识
2023年1月•浙江卷
46.B．lit
生活常识
2023•全国甲卷
生活常识
2023•全国甲卷
生活常识
2023•全国乙卷
42.B 43.A
生活常识
2023•全国乙卷
48.D 49.A
生活常识
2022
2022·新高考I卷
32. D. helplessly
生活常识
2022·新高考I卷
29. A. wind
生活常识
2022·新高考全国Ⅱ
C．vacatin
生活常识
2022·新高考全国Ⅱ
D．absence
生活常识
2022·全国高考甲卷
C. cmpaninship
生活常识