还剩24页未读，
继续阅读
北京市通州区2023-2024学年高一下学期7月期末考试英语试卷（Word版附解析）
展开
这是一份北京市通州区2023-2024学年高一下学期7月期末考试英语试卷（Word版附解析），共27页。试卷主要包含了5分，共15分)， A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2024年7月
本试卷共10页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，请将答题卡交回。
第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30分)
第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Reagan, a bk lver, lked up frm his reading as the bell rang ver the entrance t the bkstre. Puzzled, he watched fr a minute as Darya ___1___ tward the cunter (柜台) as if t ask a questin. It didn’t make sense that Darya, ne f the schl’s tp athletes, was in a bkstre. Nt wanting t be nticed, Reagan ___2___ fund anther vlume t read. He wuldn’t knw what t say if she tried t start a cnversatin because he thught they tw were t different t have anything t ___3___.
“Hey, Reagan.” Her greeting ___4___ him, and his breath caught in his thrat as it became apparent he hadn’t escaped after all. “Maybe yu can help me.” He dubted it, but he managed t chke ut a reply. “Me?” “I’m trying t ___5___ a bk n sccer skills. I wn’t be able t g t camp ver spring break, and I need t imprve my game befre the next seasn begins.”
Reagan swallwed, then mtined randmly with his hands befre he fund his vice. “Sure. Over here.” He thught it wuld save cnfusin if he just ___6___ the way rather than try t pint her in the right directin. As she fllwed him thrugh the shelves, he dared t imagine they might nt be s ___7___ after all. He felt a brief flash f hpe, the sun shining suddenly where all had been gray. ___8___, ne f Darya’s teammates appeared as if ut f nwhere, urging her t finish any purchases, r they wuld be late fr practice. Sighing, Reagan realized nthing had really changed; the differences wuld never let them break dwn thse barriers, even if they s chse.
Instead, she turned t Reagan with a ___9___ smile, “Thanks fr yur help, and hey, maybe we culd play sccer smetime?” Surprised but pleased, Reagan’s heart leapt at the unexpected ____10____, a sign that perhaps the barriers were nt as insurmuntable (跨越) as he’d thught.
1. A. rushedB. walkedC. drveD. turned
2. A. apparentlyB. bviuslyC. quicklyD. finally
3. A. talk abutB. deal withC. carry utD. settle in
4. A. inspiredB. remindedC. attackedD. surprised
5 A. lcateB. figureC. gatherD. deliver
6. A. cntrlledB. ledC. designedD. made
7. A. particularB. uniqueC. differentD. determined
8. A. LuckilyB. ActuallyC. SlwlyD. Immediately
9. A. warmB. frcedC. crazyD. determined
10. A. cngratulatinB. invitatinC. electinD. frtune
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
As a five-year-ld girl, Lin Qiazhi was deeply affected by her mther’s death. At age 18, instead f fllwing the traditinal path f marriage like the majrity f girls, she ___11___ (chse) t study medicine. “Why shuld girls learn s much? ___12___ (find) a gd husband shuld be their final gal!” her brther cmplained, thinking f the high tuitin fees. She respnded, “I’d rather stay a single ___13___ (study) all my life!”
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
In the afternn, I headed t a lcal museum that shwed the histrical changes in Califrnia. In 1848, gld was discvered near San Francisc, ___14___ started a gld rush. Over 300,000 peple came frm all ver the wrld t seek ___15___ (they) frtune, and San Francisc quickly became a big city. Many Chinese arrived during this perid. ___16___ (earn) a living, sme pened up shps and restaurants ___17___ Chinatwn. Many thers fund jbs n farms, jined the gld rush, r went t build the railway.
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Space explratin has already prmted technlgical imprvements that benefit us all. High-end prducts arund the wrld ___18___ (make) t a higher standard nw because f advanced technlgy. Fr example, space technlgies ___19___ (help) the research and develpment f different types f new material. They have als helped cmpanies make better heart mnitrs and ther machines that dctrs regularly use. Tday, space technlgies are ___20___ (wide) used in all kinds f industries.
第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
British Science Week is happening in March. “Time” is this year’s theme. The mvement f planet Earth explains why we have different seasns ver the year and why we need time znes. Micrsecnd accuracy keeps ur cmputer systems ticking and helps glbal psitining satellites t prvide us with precise lcatin infrmatin. In fact, time is very necessary fr us and is key t s many STEM discveries. The week hpes t raise awareness and stimulate enthusiasm fr STEM subjects. There will be lts f events acrss the UK and many different ways fr yu t experience time.
Astrnmical Time
At The Ryal Observatry in Greenwich, Lndn, yu can explre the rigins f telling the time, and hw time-telling instruments have evlved. We’ll als find ut what slutins inventrs and innvatrs f the past came up with t measure time, help sailrs at sea, and standardize time—ensuring peple in and acrss cmmunities were using the same r similar time.
Making Time
The Museum f Timekeeping is hme t a fascinating cllectin f clcks, watches, and timepieces. Yu can have a guided tur f the museum galleries and listen t sme f the stries behind the artifacts. Yu can see the watch wrn by Captain Sctt n his ill-fated Antarctic expeditin f 1912 and get t hear the vice f the first Speaking Clck (a phne number yu culd call t find ut what time it was).
Passing f Time
Frmed ver ne millin years ag, Cheddar Grge is Britain’s biggest grge (deep, narrw valley). It is 137 meters deep and three miles lng. It was carved by meltwater flds, leaving behind mysterius caves. The mst famus is Gugh’s Cave, where Britain’s ldest cmplete skeletn, knwn as the Cheddar Man, which dates back ver 10,000 years and was discvered in 1903. Yu can fcus n hw ur ancestrs lived and understand the past.
21. Where can yu explre what methds have been prpsed t measure time?
A. The Ryal Observatry.B. Greenwich Park.C. Museum f Timekeeping.D. Cheddar Grge.
22. What can yu discver at the Museum f Timekeeping?
A. Instruments fr sea explratin.B. Clcks watches, and timepieces.
C. Sme music abut Antarctic expeditin.D. The Cheddar Man’s cllectin f artifacts.
23. What is the significance f Cheddar Grge?
A. It is the deepest grge in the wrld.B. It tells hw the caves were destryed.
C. It shws where the meltwater flds came frm.D. It prvides insight int hw ur ancestrs lived.
24. What is the main purpse f British Science Week?
A. T prvide turs at the Museum f Timekeeping.
B. T explre the histry f timekeeping instruments.
C. T highlight the gelgical histry f Cheddar Grge.
D. T prmte STEM subjects thrugh events related t the theme f “Time.”
B
It was the day f the big crss-cuntry run. Students frm seven different primary schls in and arund the small twn were warming up and walking the rute thrugh thick evergreen frest. I lked arund and finally sptted David, wh was standing by himself ff t the side by a fence. He was small fr ten years ld. His usual big tthy smile was absent tday. I walked ver and asked him why he wasn’t with the ther children. He hesitated and then said he had decided nt t run. What was wrng? He had wrked s hard fr this event!
I quickly searched the crwd fr the schl’s cach and asked him what had happened. “I was afraid that kids frm ther schls wuld laugh at him,” he explained uncmfrtably. “I gave him the chice t run r nt, and let him decide.” I bit back my frustratin (懊恼). I knew the cach meant well—he thught he was ding the right thing. After making sure that David culd run if he wanted, I turned t find him cming twards me, his small bdy rcking frm side t side as he swung his feet frward.
David had a brain disease which prevented him frm walking r running like ther children, but at schl his classmates thught f him as a regular kid. He always participated t the best f his ability in whatever they were ding. That was why nne f the children thught it unusual that David had decided t jin the crss-cuntry team. It just tk him lnger—that’s all. David had nt missed a single practice, and althugh he always finished his run lng after the ther children, he did always finish. As a special educatin teacher at the schl, I was familiar with the challenges David faced and was prud f his strng determinatin.
David mved up t the starting line with the ther runners. The race started. The rute seemed lng, especially fr a child with a brain disease. David insisted n running as if he had frgtten all his weaknesses. He tripped within the first few kilmeters but quickly picked himself up and cntinued. Classmates cheered, “Cme n! Yu can make it! We’re prud f yu!”
T everyne’s jy, he reached the finish line and ranked 20th. It wasn’t imprtant whether he wn first place. It was his brave heart and strng faith that made smething unusual happen.
25. Why did the cach ask David t make the decisin?
A The cach didn’t want David t get injured.B. The cach thught David was t weak t run.
C. The cach feared David wuld be made fun f.D. The cach believed David shuld fcus n his studies.
26. Hw did David’s classmates view him at schl?
A. They felt srry fr him.B. They saw him as a nrmal kid.
C. They ften played tricks n him.D. They prevented him frm activities.
27. What can we learn frm David’s stry?
A. He wn first place with ther’s help.
B. He was the mst mdest amng all the children.
C. His behavrs prved his heart disease was a prblem.
D. His determinatin and faith made the achievement special.
C
Space explratin has prduced valuable insights abut Earth, the slar system and beynd. Hwever, massive space activity ver the past few decades has led t unintended rbital debris (残骸).
Every launch f satellites r rckets adds t the prblem, increasing the risk that negatively influences nt nly space missins but als future endeavrs. Since the 1957 launch f Sputnik-1, human activity in Earth’s rbit has caused significant distrtins in space, raising serius cncerns abut the debris left behind.
This ever-increasing threat can be best understd thrugh the Kessler syndrme in space. This phenmenn ccurs when bjects in lw Earth rbit (LEO) becme s crwded that they begin t hit each ther, creating mre debris and mre cllisins (碰撞), thus resulting in chain reactins f mergers and fissins. Many experts warn that LEO is mving twards Kessler’s syndrme.
Accidental cllisins in space als increase the rbital verlad, such as the 2009 cllisin between tw satellites, Ksms 2251 and Iridium 33. Such events have wrsened the rbital debris prblem and raised the prspect f disastrus space cnditins.
The need fr sustainable space activities and the reductin f space debris is being emphasized glbally t address the rising space pllutin. Therefre, gvernments have issued many regulatry measures, including active debris remval (ADR) technlgies r pllutin preventin, which are either planned, tested, r already carried ut t prtect bth existing spacecraft and nes set t be launched.
Besides regulatry measures, several mitigating methds are als used t reduce the rbital verlad. One such methd invlves causing a satellite t break dwn naturally by bringing it clser t Earth’s surface s it burns up in the atmsphere. This methd is cnsidered cst-effective because the defunct satellite can be pushed tward the Earth’s surface at a lwer altitude using a physical tl like a net r an air-bursting tl. Anther similar technlgy uses a harpn that is fired in the directin f the targeted spacecraft t capture it and direct it twards Earth in an active manner, causing the debris t derbit and plan atmspheric incineratin.
T reduce the lng-term risk f cllisins, the fcus needs t be n reducing the amunt f debris in the rbit. Internatinal cperatin and cntinued investment in debris reductin technlgies are carried ut t reduce the ptentially disastrus cnsequences f an vercrwded rbit.
28. What is the parimary cncern regarding rbital debris?
A. Its impact n weather patterns.B. Its impact n future space missins.
C. Its impact n satellite cmmunicatin.D. Its impact n natural atmspheric prcesses.
29. What des the underlined wrd “mitigating” in Paragraph 6 mst prbably mean?
A. Lessening.B. Wrsening.C. Curing.D. Strengthening.
30. What are sme regulatry and mitigatin measures t address space debris?
A. Frequent satellite launches.B. Mre space turism fr tax.
C. Active debris remval technlgies.D. Mre space telescpes fr mnitring.
31. What can we learn frm this passage?
A. There are n existing methds t reduce space debris.
B. Reducing space debris calls fr jint and further effrts.
C. The kessler syndrme is a minr cncern fr space missins.
D. Active debris remval (ADR) technlgies are the nly slutin t space debris.
D
An internatinal team f fssil (化石) hunters has discvered the remains f a “nursery” f prehistric sea creatures in China. The fssils date back t arund 518 millin years ag—a time knwn as the Cambrian Perid, when all life n Earth lived in the ceans. It is very rare t find s many fssils frm the Cambrian Perid in ne place.
The scientists, led by Xianfeng Yang frm Yunnan University, fund 2,846 fssils frm 118 different species at the site, near the city f Kunming. They include ancient ancestrs f mdern-day insects, shellfish and wrms, as well as extinct trilbites (三叶虫). Seventeen f the species discvered are new t science, and mre than half f the fssils are yung animals.
This has led researchers t the cnclusin that the site was a srt f deep-sea nursery where cnditins were well suited fr yung creatures t grw. When the sea bed was cvered by sft mud (泥) these creatures’ remains were perfectly preserved, eventually creating a layer f fssil-rich rck.
Alngside hard bdy parts, like bnes and teeth, sft tissue was als preserved, which is especially imprtant when lking back t a perid when mst animals had sft bdies. Sme f the fssils are s well preserved that researchers have been able t spt bdy parts they’ve never seen befre.
One benefit f all the yung creatures fssils is that scientists will be able t learn hw the creatures changed as they aged. “We’ll see hw different bdy parts grew ver time,” explained researcher Julien Kimmig, frm Penn State University in the US, “which is smething we currently d nt knw abut fr mst f these grups.” What’s mre, Kimmig and his clleagues will be able t cmpare the creatures with living things tday. “We will see if hw these animals develp tday is similar t hw they develped 500 millin years ag, r if smething has changed thrughut time.”
32. What can we learn abut the fssils fund?
A. Half f them are extinct sea creatures.B. They are spread ut ver different sites.
C. Sme f them are previusly unknwn species.D. They belng t rare animals living in the ceans.
33 What kept the creatures’ remains frm being damaged?
A. They were prtected in rcks.B. They were buried in the deep sea.
C. The seaflr was cated with mud.D. The sea bed was in gd cnditin.
34. What d scientists want t learn frm the fssils?
A. The creatures’ age.B. Changes in the creatures’ grwth.
C. Similarities between these species grups.D. The creatures’ impact n living things tday.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Culture shck is the feeling f uncertainty, cnfusin, r anxiety that peple may get when they live in r visit anther cuntry that differs frm their wn. ______35______ It can undubtedly affect peple’s lives. The fllwing are sme ways t deal with culture shck.
Have a gd understanding f culture and culture shck. There are many factrs that make up a culture, including shared beliefs, traditins and mrals.______36______ It’s because they are surrunded by peple with the same beliefs and values, and cultural differences are nly clear when yu meet smene else’s culture.
Keep a jurnal(日记) f yur thughts._____37_____And yu are feeling a bit verwhelmed (不知所措的) with the culture there. Rather than giving in t yur anxiety, write it ut. Write dwn hw yu felt at the mment and what trubled yu r made yu happy that day. Yu can als put smething dwn if yu’re missing anyne frm yur hmetwn. ______38______Dn’t allw yurself t becme a recluse (隐居者) during this experience. Yu can share yur feelings and experiences with yur relatives and friends. If yu are studying abrad and have ther classmates wh have similar feelings, cnnect with them as well as with thse wh are adjusting a bit mre easily.
D sme things yu usually like. Dn’t allw the culture shck t ccupy yur mind. And try t d smething interesting t replace a range f negative emtins, including anxiety, sadness, anger, hmesickness, and smetimes even depressin._____39_____Or practice yur hbbies like reading and dancing.
A. Share yur culture.
B. Talk t thers abut yur experiences.
C. Try t step utside f yur wn culture.
D. Smetimes such a feeling can be very strng.
E. Yu can watch mvies r listen t music that yu enjy.
F. Many peple dn’t realize hw culture influences them.
G. Perhaps yu have recently mved t a new city r cuntry.
第三部分：书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节(共6小题;每小题2分，共12分)
根据中文和给出的英文提示词语，完成下列英文句子。将答案写在答题卡指定区域内。
40. 唐人街是多元文化的一个重要组成部分。(Chinatwns, diverse culture)(汉译英)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
41. 在那时候，来自中国的移民定居在这个地区。（immigrants, settle）（汉译英）
____________________________________________________________________________________________
42. 作为医生，我们必须对患者负责。(respnsible, patients)(汉译英)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
43. 工作了几年之后，林医生被派往欧洲学习。(send, Eurpe)(汉译英)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
44. 太空探索给世界带来了种种好处。(explre space, benefits)(汉译英)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
45. 在此之前，大部分人认为在太空旅行是一个无法实现的梦。(travelling int space, impssible dream)(汉译英)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节(20分)
46. 假设你是红星中学李华，你的英国朋友Jim暑期想要来中国旅游，了解中国少数民族文化。请你给他写一封电子邮件，帮他推荐一座城市，内容包括：
1．你建议及理由;
2．你的祝愿。
注意：1．词数100左右，开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数;
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Jim,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
通州区2023—2024学年第二学期高一年级期末质量检测
英语试卷
2024年7月
本试卷共10页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，请将答题卡交回。
第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30分)
第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Reagan, a bk lver, lked up frm his reading as the bell rang ver the entrance t the bkstre. Puzzled, he watched fr a minute as Darya ___1___ tward the cunter (柜台) as if t ask a questin. It didn’t make sense that Darya, ne f the schl’s tp athletes, was in a bkstre. Nt wanting t be nticed, Reagan ___2___ fund anther vlume t read. He wuldn’t knw what t say if she tried t start a cnversatin because he thught they tw were t different t have anything t ___3___.
“Hey, Reagan.” Her greeting ___4___ him, and his breath caught in his thrat as it became apparent he hadn’t escaped after all. “Maybe yu can help me.” He dubted it, but he managed t chke ut a reply. “Me?” “I’m trying t ___5___ a bk n sccer skills. I wn’t be able t g t camp ver spring break, and I need t imprve my game befre the next seasn begins.”
Reagan swallwed, then mtined randmly with his hands befre he fund his vice. “Sure. Over here.” He thught it wuld save cnfusin if he just ___6___ the way rather than try t pint her in the right directin. As she fllwed him thrugh the shelves, he dared t imagine they might nt be s ___7___ after all. He felt a brief flash f hpe, the sun shining suddenly where all had been gray. ___8___, ne f Darya’s teammates appeared as if ut f nwhere, urging her t finish any purchases, r they wuld be late fr practice. Sighing, Reagan realized nthing had really changed; the differences wuld never let them break dwn thse barriers, even if they s chse.
Instead, she turned t Reagan with a ___9___ smile, “Thanks fr yur help, and hey, maybe we culd play sccer smetime?” Surprised but pleased, Reagan’s heart leapt at the unexpected ____10____, a sign that perhaps the barriers were nt as insurmuntable (跨越) as he’d thught.
1. A. rushedB. walkedC. drveD. turned
2. A. apparentlyB. bviuslyC. quicklyD. finally
3. A. talk abutB. deal withC. carry utD. settle in
4. A. inspiredB. remindedC. attackedD. surprised
5. A. lcateB. figureC. gatherD. deliver
6. A. cntrlledB. ledC. designedD. made
7. A. particularB. uniqueC. differentD. determined
8. A. LuckilyB. ActuallyC. SlwlyD. Immediately
9. A. warmB. frcedC. crazyD. determined
10. A. cngratulatinB. invitatinC. electinD. frtune
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. A 6. B 7. C 8. D 9. A 10. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Reagan在书店遇到学校顶尖运动员Darya，并帮助她找到一本关于足球技巧的书的故事。在这个过程中，Reagan意识到他们之间的差异并不是不可逾越的，Darya的邀请让他感到惊喜，也让他看到了打破壁垒的希望。
【1题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他困惑地看着Darya走向柜台，Darya好像要问一个问题。A. rushed匆忙；B. walked走；C. drve驾驶；D. turned转身。根据下文“tward the cunter”可知，Darya走向柜台，表示她在书店里走动，故选B。
【2题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：Reagan不想被注意到，迅速找到了另一本书来读。A. apparently显然地；B. bviusly明显地；C. quickly迅速地；D. finally最后。根据上文“Nt wanting t be nticed”可知，Reagan不想被注意到，所以他迅速找到了另一本书来读，故选C。
【3题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：他不会知道该说什么，如果她试图开始一个对话，因为他认为他们两个太不同，没有什么可谈的。A. talk abut谈论；B. deal with处理；C. carry ut执行；D. settle in适应（新工作、新学校等）。根据上文“he thught they tw were t different t have anything t”可知，Reagan认为他和Darya太不同，没有什么可谈论的，故选A。
【4题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她的问候让他感到惊讶，当他意识到自己终究没能逃脱时，他的呼吸卡在喉咙里。A. inspired激励；B. reminded提醒；C. attacked攻击；D. surprised使惊讶。根据下文“as it became apparent he hadn’t escaped after all”可知，Darya的问候让Reagan感到惊讶，因为他原以为自己逃脱了，没想到会被注意到，故选D。
【5题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我正在找一本关于足球技巧书。A. lcate定位、找出……的准确地点；B. figure计算；C. gather收集；D. deliver递送。根据下文“a bk n sccer skills”可知，Darya在找一本关于足球技巧的书，所以需要找到这本书，故选A。
【6题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他认为如果他自己带路，而不是试图指引她正确的方向，这样可以避免混淆。A. cntrlled控制；B. led带领；C. designed设计；D. made制造。根据下文“rather than try t pint her in the right directin”可知，Reagan决定亲自带路，而不是仅仅指引方向，故选B。
【7题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当她跟着他穿过书架时，他敢想象他们可能并没有那么不同。A. particular特别的；B. unique独特的；C. different不同的；D. determined坚定的。根据上文“because he thught they tw were t different”“he dared t imagine they might nt be s”以及下文“He felt a brief flash f hpe”可知，Reagan开始意识到他和Darya可能并没有那么不同，故选C。
【8题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：立刻，Darya的一个队友不知从哪里冒出来，催促她赶快结账，否则他们会迟到练习。A. Luckily幸运地；B. Actually实际上；C. Slwly慢慢地；D. Immediately立刻。根据下文“ne f Darya’s teammates appeared as if ut f nwhere”可知，Darya的队友突然出现，催促她赶快结账，所以是立刻出现的，故选D。
【9题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：相反，她转过身来，带着友好的微笑对Reagan说：“谢谢你的帮助，嘿，也许我们可以找个时间踢足球？”A. warm友好的、温暖的；B. frced勉强的；C. crazy疯狂的；D. determined坚定的。根据下文“Thanks fr yur help, and hey, maybe we culd play sccer smetime?”可知，Darya带着友好的微笑感谢Reagan，并提出一起踢足球的邀请，故选A。
【10题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Reagan感到惊讶但高兴，他的心因为意外的邀请而跳动，这是一个迹象，表明那些壁垒可能并不像他想象的那么不可逾越。A. cngratulatin祝贺；B. invitatin邀请；C. electin选举；D. frtune财富。根据上文“Thanks fr yur help, and hey, maybe we culd play sccer smetime?”可知，此处说的是Darya的邀请，故选B。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
As a five-year-ld girl, Lin Qiazhi was deeply affected by her mther’s death. At age 18, instead f fllwing the traditinal path f marriage like the majrity f girls, she ___11___ (chse) t study medicine. “Why shuld girls learn s much? ___12___ (find) a gd husband shuld be their final gal!” her brther cmplained, thinking f the high tuitin fees. She respnded, “I’d rather stay a single ___13___ (study) all my life!”
【答案】11. chse
12. Finding
13. t study
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章简要讲述了著名医生林巧稚受到母亲的影响，没有选择走传统的婚姻道路，而是不顾哥哥的反对，选择了学医的故事。
【11题详解】
考查时态。句意：18岁时，她没有像大多数女孩一样走传统的婚姻道路，而是选择了学医。根据“At age 18”可知，本句为一般过去时。故填chse。
【12题详解】
考查非谓语。句意：“为什么女孩要学这么多？”找到一个好丈夫应该是她们的最终目标!。动名词做主语，首字母大写。故填Finding。
【13题详解】
考查非谓语。句意：我宁愿一辈子单身也要学习！。不定式作目的状语。故填t study。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
In the afternn, I headed t a lcal museum that shwed the histrical changes in Califrnia. In 1848, gld was discvered near San Francisc, ___14___ started a gld rush. Over 300,000 peple came frm all ver the wrld t seek ___15___ (they) frtune, and San Francisc quickly became a big city. Many Chinese arrived during this perid. ___16___ (earn) a living, sme pened up shps and restaurants ___17___ Chinatwn. Many thers fund jbs n farms, jined the gld rush, r went t build the railway.
【答案】14. which 15. their 16. T 17. in
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者去了当地的博物馆，了解了加利福尼亚州的历史变迁。
【14题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：1848年，在旧金山附近发现了黄金，开始了淘金热。分析句式结构可知，此处是定语从句，先行词是整个主句指物，且从句中缺少主语，所以用关系代词which来引导。故填which。
【15题详解】
考查物主代词。句意：超过30万人从世界各地来到这里寻求财富，旧金山迅速成为一个大城市。根据空格后的名词frtune可知，修饰名词应该用形容词性物主代词，所以空格处应该用提示词的形容词性物主代词their作定语。故填their。
【16题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：为了谋生，一些人在唐人街开了商店和餐馆。分析句意可知，此处应该用提示词的动词不定式形式作目的状语表示“为了谋生”。故填T。
【17题详解】
考查介词。句意：同上。根据空格后的Chinatwn可知，此处用介词in表示“在”唐人街。故填in。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Space explratin has already prmted technlgical imprvements that benefit us all. High-end prducts arund the wrld ___18___ (make) t a higher standard nw because f advanced technlgy. Fr example, space technlgies ___19___ (help) the research and develpment f different types f new material. They have als helped cmpanies make better heart mnitrs and ther machines that dctrs regularly use. Tday, space technlgies are ___20___ (wide) used in all kinds f industries.
【答案】18. are made
19. have helped
20. widely
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了太空探索对技术进步的推动作用，以及这些技术在各个行业的广泛应用。
【18题详解】
考查被动语态。句意：由于先进的技术，世界各地的高端产品现在都以更高的标准制造。根据句意，高端产品是被制造出来的，所以应该使用被动语态。同时，根据上下文的时间状语“nw”可知，此处应该使用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是复数，be动词应用are。故填are made。
【19题详解】
考查时态。句意：例如，太空技术已经帮助研究和开发了不同类型的新材料。根据下文“They have als helped cmpanies make better heart mnitrs and ther machines that dctrs regularly use(他们也帮助公司制造了更好的心脏监测器和其他医生经常使用的机器)”可知，太空技术对新材料的研究和开发起到了帮助作用，且这种帮助作用是从过去开始，一直延续到现在的，所以应该使用现在完成时，主语是复数，助动词应用have。故填have helped。
【20题详解】
考查副词。句意：今天，太空技术广泛应用于各种行业。根据句意，此处需要一个副词作状语来修饰动词used，表示“广泛地”。故填widely。
第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
British Science Week is happening in March. “Time” is this year’s theme. The mvement f planet Earth explains why we have different seasns ver the year and why we need time znes. Micrsecnd accuracy keeps ur cmputer systems ticking and helps glbal psitining satellites t prvide us with precise lcatin infrmatin. In fact, time is very necessary fr us and is key t s many STEM discveries. The week hpes t raise awareness and stimulate enthusiasm fr STEM subjects. There will be lts f events acrss the UK and many different ways fr yu t experience time.
Astrnmical Time
At The Ryal Observatry in Greenwich, Lndn, yu can explre the rigins f telling the time, and hw time-telling instruments have evlved. We’ll als find ut what slutins inventrs and innvatrs f the past came up with t measure time, help sailrs at sea, and standardize time—ensuring peple in and acrss cmmunities were using the same r similar time.
Making Time
The Museum f Timekeeping is hme t a fascinating cllectin f clcks, watches, and timepieces. Yu can have a guided tur f the museum galleries and listen t sme f the stries behind the artifacts. Yu can see the watch wrn by Captain Sctt n his ill-fated Antarctic expeditin f 1912 and get t hear the vice f the first Speaking Clck (a phne number yu culd call t find ut what time it was).
Passing f Time
Frmed ver ne millin years ag, Cheddar Grge is Britain’s biggest grge (deep, narrw valley). It is 137 meters deep and three miles lng. It was carved by meltwater flds, leaving behind mysterius caves. The mst famus is Gugh’s Cave, where Britain’s ldest cmplete skeletn, knwn as the Cheddar Man, which dates back ver 10,000 years and was discvered in 1903. Yu can fcus n hw ur ancestrs lived and understand the past.
21. Where can yu explre what methds have been prpsed t measure time?
A. The Ryal Observatry.B. Greenwich Park.C. Museum f Timekeeping.D. Cheddar Grge.
22. What can yu discver at the Museum f Timekeeping?
A. Instruments fr sea explratin.B. Clcks, watches, and timepieces.
C. Sme music abut Antarctic expeditin.D. The Cheddar Man’s cllectin f artifacts.
23. What is the significance f Cheddar Grge?
A. It is the deepest grge in the wrld.B. It tells hw the caves were destryed.
C. It shws where the meltwater flds came frm.D. It prvides insight int hw ur ancestrs lived.
24. What is the main purpse f British Science Week?
A. T prvide turs at the Museum f Timekeeping.
B. T explre the histry f timekeeping instruments.
C. T highlight the gelgical histry f Cheddar Grge.
D. T prmte STEM subjects thrugh events related t the theme f “Time.”
【答案】21. A 22. B 23. D 24. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了英国科学周的主题为“时间”，并介绍了一些相关的活动和地点，以及这些地点的特色和意义。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“At The Ryal Observatry in Greenwich, Lndn, yu can explre the rigins f telling the time, and hw time-telling instruments have evlved.”（在伦敦的格林威治皇家天文台，你可以探索计时的起源，以及计时工具是如何发展的。）可知，你可以在皇家天文台探索如何测量时间的方法，故选A。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The Museum f Timekeeping is hme t a fascinating cllectin f clcks, watches, and timepieces.”（时间博物馆收藏了许多引人入胜的钟表和计时器。）可知，你可以在时间博物馆发现钟表和计时器，故选B。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Yu can fcus n hw ur ancestrs lived and understand the past.”（你可以关注我们的祖先是如何生活的，理解过去。）可知，切达峡谷能让我们了解我们祖先的生活方式，故选D。
【24题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“The week hpes t raise awareness and stimulate enthusiasm fr STEM subjects.”（这个星期希望提高人们对STEM科目的认识，激发他们对STEM科目的热情。）可知，英国科学周的主要目的是通过与“时间”主题相关的活动来推广STEM科目，故选D。
B
It was the day f the big crss-cuntry run. Students frm seven different primary schls in and arund the small twn were warming up and walking the rute thrugh thick evergreen frest. I lked arund and finally sptted David, wh was standing by himself ff t the side by a fence. He was small fr ten years ld. His usual big tthy smile was absent tday. I walked ver and asked him why he wasn’t with the ther children. He hesitated and then said he had decided nt t run. What was wrng? He had wrked s hard fr this event!
I quickly searched the crwd fr the schl’s cach and asked him what had happened. “I was afraid that kids frm ther schls wuld laugh at him,” he explained uncmfrtably. “I gave him the chice t run r nt, and let him decide.” I bit back my frustratin (懊恼). I knew the cach meant well—he thught he was ding the right thing. After making sure that David culd run if he wanted, I turned t find him cming twards me, his small bdy rcking frm side t side as he swung his feet frward.
David had a brain disease which prevented him frm walking r running like ther children, but at schl his classmates thught f him as a regular kid. He always participated t the best f his ability in whatever they were ding. That was why nne f the children thught it unusual that David had decided t jin the crss-cuntry team. It just tk him lnger—that’s all. David had nt missed a single practice, and althugh he always finished his run lng after the ther children, he did always finish. As a special educatin teacher at the schl, I was familiar with the challenges David faced and was prud f his strng determinatin.
David mved up t the starting line with the ther runners. The race started. The rute seemed lng, especially fr a child with a brain disease. David insisted n running as if he had frgtten all his weaknesses. He tripped within the first few kilmeters but quickly picked himself up and cntinued. Classmates cheered, “Cme n! Yu can make it! We’re prud f yu!”
T everyne’s jy, he reached the finish line and ranked 20th. It wasn’t imprtant whether he wn first place. It was his brave heart and strng faith that made smething unusual happen.
25. Why did the cach ask David t make the decisin?
A. The cach didn’t want David t get injured.B. The cach thught David was t weak t run.
C. The cach feared David wuld be made fun f.D. The cach believed David shuld fcus n his studies.
26. Hw did David’s classmates view him at schl?
A. They felt srry fr him.B. They saw him as a nrmal kid.
C. They ften played tricks n him.D. They prevented him frm activities.
27. What can we learn frm David’s stry?
A. He wn first place with ther’s help.
B. He was the mst mdest amng all the children.
C. His behavrs prved his heart disease was a prblem.
D. His determinatin and faith made the achievement special.
【答案】25. C 26. B 27. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了患有脑疾的大卫参加越野跑比赛的故事。尽管大卫的身体状况不佳，但他的决心和信念使他完成了比赛，赢得了同学们的尊重和赞扬。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段““I was afraid that kids frm ther schls wuld laugh at him,” he explained uncmfrtably. “I gave him the chice t run r nt, and let him decide.”(他不舒服地解释说：“我担心其他学校的孩子会嘲笑他。我给了他选择是否跑步的机会，让他自己决定)”可知，教练让大卫自己做决定是因为他担心大卫会受到其他孩子的嘲笑，故选C。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“David had a brain disease which prevented him frm walking r running like ther children, but at schl his classmates thught f him as a regular kid.(大卫患有脑疾，这使他无法像其他孩子一样走路或跑步，但在学校，他的同学们把他当作一个普通的孩子)”可知，大卫的同学们在学校把他看作一个正常的孩子，故选B。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“It wasn’t imprtant whether he wn first place. It was his brave heart and strng faith that made smething unusual happen.(他是否赢得第一名并不重要。是他勇敢的心和坚定的信念让一些不寻常的事情发生了)”可知，大卫的决心和信念使他的成就变得特别，故选D。
C
Space explratin has prduced valuable insights abut Earth, the slar system and beynd. Hwever, massive space activity ver the past few decades has led t unintended rbital debris (残骸).
Every launch f satellites r rckets adds t the prblem, increasing the risk that negatively influences nt nly space missins but als future endeavrs. Since the 1957 launch f Sputnik-1, human activity in Earth’s rbit has caused significant distrtins in space, raising serius cncerns abut the debris left behind.
This ever-increasing threat can be best understd thrugh the Kessler syndrme in space. This phenmenn ccurs when bjects in lw Earth rbit (LEO) becme s crwded that they begin t hit each ther, creating mre debris and mre cllisins (碰撞), thus resulting in chain reactins f mergers and fissins. Many experts warn that LEO is mving twards Kessler’s syndrme.
Accidental cllisins in space als increase the rbital verlad, such as the 2009 cllisin between tw satellites, Ksms 2251 and Iridium 33. Such events have wrsened the rbital debris prblem and raised the prspect f disastrus space cnditins.
The need fr sustainable space activities and the reductin f space debris is being emphasized glbally t address the rising space pllutin. Therefre, gvernments have issued many regulatry measures, including active debris remval (ADR) technlgies r pllutin preventin, which are either planned, tested, r already carried ut t prtect bth existing spacecraft and nes set t be launched.
Besides regulatry measures, several mitigating methds are als used t reduce the rbital verlad. One such methd invlves causing a satellite t break dwn naturally by bringing it clser t Earth’s surface s it burns up in the atmsphere. This methd is cnsidered cst-effective because the defunct satellite can be pushed tward the Earth’s surface at a lwer altitude using a physical tl like a net r an air-bursting tl. Anther similar technlgy uses a harpn that is fired in the directin f the targeted spacecraft t capture it and direct it twards Earth in an active manner, causing the debris t derbit and plan atmspheric incineratin.
T reduce the lng-term risk f cllisins, the fcus needs t be n reducing the amunt f debris in the rbit. Internatinal cperatin and cntinued investment in debris reductin technlgies are carried ut t reduce the ptentially disastrus cnsequences f an vercrwded rbit.
28. What is the parimary cncern regarding rbital debris?
A. Its impact n weather patterns.B. Its impact n future space missins.
C. Its impact n satellite cmmunicatin.D. Its impact n natural atmspheric prcesses.
29. What des the underlined wrd “mitigating” in Paragraph 6 mst prbably mean?
A. Lessening.B. Wrsening.C. Curing.D. Strengthening.
30. What are sme regulatry and mitigatin measures t address space debris?
A. Frequent satellite launches.B. Mre space turism fr tax.
C. Active debris remval technlgies.D. Mre space telescpes fr mnitring.
31. What can we learn frm this passage?
A. There are n existing methds t reduce space debris.
B. Reducing space debris calls fr jint and further effrts.
C. The kessler syndrme is a minr cncern fr space missins.
D. Active debris remval (ADR) technlgies are the nly slutin t space debris.
【答案】28. B 29. A 30. C 31. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了太空活动产生的轨道碎片问题，以及如何通过各种方法和技术来减少和处理这些碎片。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Every launch f satellites r rckets adds t the prblem, increasing the risk that negatively influences nt nly space missins but als future endeavrs.”（每次卫星或火箭的发射都会加剧这个问题，增加的风险不仅影响太空任务，也影响未来的努力。）可推知轨道碎片的主要问题是对未来太空任务的影响。故选B。
【29题详解】
词句猜测题。根据文章第六段“One such methd invlves causing a satellite t break dwn naturally by bringing it clser t Earth’s surface s it burns up in the atmsphere.”（其中一种方法是通过使卫星更接近地球表面，使其在大气中燃烧，从而使卫星自然解体。）“Anther similar technlgy uses a harpn that is fired in the directin f the targeted spacecraft t capture it and direct it twards Earth in an active manner, causing the debris t derbit and plan atmspheric incineratin.”（另一种类似的技术是使用一个鱼叉向目标航天器的方向发射，以捕获它，并以主动的方式将其引导到地球上，使碎片脱离轨道，并计划在大气中焚烧。）可知，除了监管措施外，还使用了几种减轻的方法来减少轨道过载。“mitigating”在这里的意思是减轻。故选A。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Therefre, gvernments have issued many regulatry measures, including active debris remval (ADR) technlgies r pllutin preventin, which are either planned, tested, r already carried ut t prtect bth existing spacecraft and nes set t be launched.”（因此，各国政府已经出台了许多监管措施，包括主动清除碎片（ADR）技术或污染预防，这些措施已经被计划、测试或已经实施，以保护现有的航天器和即将发射的航天器。）可推知，处理太空碎片的措施包括主动清除碎片技术。故选C。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“T reduce the lng-term risk f cllisins, the fcus needs t be n reducing the amunt f debris in the rbit. Internatinal cperatin and cntinued investment in debris reductin technlgies are carried ut t reduce the ptentially disastrus cnsequences f an vercrwded rbit.”（为了减少长期碰撞的风险，需要关注减少轨道上的碎片数量。进行国际合作并持续投资于减少碎片的技术，以减少轨道过度拥挤可能带来的灾难性后果。）可推知，减少太空碎片需要共同和进一步的努力。故选B。
D
An internatinal team f fssil (化石) hunters has discvered the remains f a “nursery” f prehistric sea creatures in China. The fssils date back t arund 518 millin years ag—a time knwn as the Cambrian Perid, when all life n Earth lived in the ceans. It is very rare t find s many fssils frm the Cambrian Perid in ne place.
The scientists, led by Xianfeng Yang frm Yunnan University, fund 2,846 fssils frm 118 different species at the site, near the city f Kunming. They include ancient ancestrs f mdern-day insects, shellfish and wrms, as well as extinct trilbites (三叶虫). Seventeen f the species discvered are new t science, and mre than half f the fssils are yung animals.
This has led researchers t the cnclusin that the site was a srt f deep-sea nursery where cnditins were well suited fr yung creatures t grw. When the sea bed was cvered by sft mud (泥) these creatures’ remains were perfectly preserved, eventually creating a layer f fssil-rich rck.
Alngside hard bdy parts, like bnes and teeth, sft tissue was als preserved, which is especially imprtant when lking back t a perid when mst animals had sft bdies. Sme f the fssils are s well preserved that researchers have been able t spt bdy parts they’ve never seen befre.
One benefit f all the yung creatures fssils is that scientists will be able t learn hw the creatures changed as they aged. “We’ll see hw different bdy parts grew ver time,” explained researcher Julien Kimmig, frm Penn State University in the US, “which is smething we currently d nt knw abut fr mst f these grups.” What’s mre, Kimmig and his clleagues will be able t cmpare the creatures with living things tday. “We will see if hw these animals develp tday is similar t hw they develped 500 millin years ag, r if smething has changed thrughut time.”
32. What can we learn abut the fssils fund?
A. Half f them are extinct sea creatures.B. They are spread ut ver different sites.
C. Sme f them are previusly unknwn species.D. They belng t rare animals living in the ceans.
33. What kept the creatures’ remains frm being damaged?
A. They were prtected in rcks.B. They were buried in the deep sea.
C. The seaflr was cated with mud.D. The sea bed was in gd cnditin.
34. What d scientists want t learn frm the fssils?
A. The creatures’ age.B. Changes in the creatures’ grwth.
C. Similarities between these species grups.D. The creatures’ impact n living things tday.
【答案】32. C 33. D 34. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一个国际化石猎人小组在中国发现了一个史前海洋生物“托儿所”的遗迹。这些化石可以追溯到大约5.18亿年前——一个被称为寒武纪的时期，当时地球上所有的生命都生活在海洋中。在一个地方发现这么多寒武纪的化石是非常罕见的。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Seventeen f the species discvered are new t science, and mre than half f the fssils are yung animals.(发现的物种中有17个是科学上的新物种，超过一半的化石是年轻的动物)”可知，发现的化石中一些是以前不为人知的物种。故选C。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“When the sea bed was cvered by sft mud (泥) these creatures’ remains were perfectly preserved, eventually creating a layer f fssil-rich rck.(当海床被软泥覆盖时，这些生物的遗骸被完好地保存了下来，最终形成了一层富含化石的岩石)”可知，海床状况良好让这些生物的遗骸不被破坏。故选D。
34题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“One benefit f all the yung creatures fssils is that scientists will be able t learn hw the creatures changed as they aged.(所有这些年轻生物化石的一个好处是，科学家将能够了解这些生物随着年龄的增长是如何变化的)”可知，科学家们想从这些化石中了解生物生长的变化。故选B。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Culture shck is the feeling f uncertainty, cnfusin, r anxiety that peple may get when they live in r visit anther cuntry that differs frm their wn. ______35______ It can undubtedly affect peple’s lives. The fllwing are sme ways t deal with culture shck.
Have a gd understanding f culture and culture shck. There are many factrs that make up a culture, including shared beliefs, traditins and mrals.______36______ It’s because they are surrunded by peple with the same beliefs and values, and cultural differences are nly clear when yu meet smene else’s culture.
Keep a jurnal(日记) f yur thughts._____37_____And yu are feeling a bit verwhelmed (不知所措的) with the culture there. Rather than giving in t yur anxiety, write it ut. Write dwn hw yu felt at the mment and what trubled yu r made yu happy that day. Yu can als put smething dwn if yu’re missing anyne frm yur hmetwn. ______38______Dn’t allw yurself t becme a recluse (隐居者) during this experience. Yu can share yur feelings and experiences with yur relatives and friends. If yu are studying abrad and have ther classmates wh have similar feelings, cnnect with them as well as with thse wh are adjusting a bit mre easily.
D sme things yu usually like. Dn’t allw the culture shck t ccupy yur mind. And try t d smething interesting t replace a range f negative emtins, including anxiety, sadness, anger, hmesickness, and smetimes even depressin._____39_____Or practice yur hbbies like reading and dancing.
A. Share yur culture.
B. Talk t thers abut yur experiences.
C. Try t step utside f yur wn culture.
D. Smetimes such a feeling can be very strng.
E. Yu can watch mvies r listen t music that yu enjy.
F. Many peple dn’t realize hw culture influences them.
G. Perhaps yu have recently mved t a new city r cuntry.
【答案】35. D 36. F 37. G 38. B 39. E
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了四种应对文化冲击带来的影响的方法，帮助人们克服或者缓解文化冲击带来的不适和感受。
【35题详解】
根据前句“Culture shck is the feeling f uncertainty,cnfusin,r anxiety”（文化冲击是一种不确定、困惑或焦虑的感觉。）前文提出来文化冲击这个概念，这个空应该也是关于文化冲击带来的感觉，D项“Smetimes such a feeling can be very strng.”其中a feeling与前文feeling相呼应。故选D项。
【36题详解】
根据后句“It's because they are surrunded by peple with the same beliefs and values，and cultural differences are nly clear when yu meet smene else’s culture.”（这是因为他们周围的人都有相同的信仰和价值观，只有当你遇到别人的文化时，文化差异才会明显。）可知，F项“Many peple dn’t realize hw culture influences them.”其中culture与后句中cultural differences形成呼应结构，符合本段语境。故选F项。
【37题详解】
根据下文“Yu can als put smething dwn if yu're missing anyne frm yur hmetwn”（意思是如果你想念家乡的人，你也可以写下一些东西。）可知，这段话是在介绍远离故乡在外的时候的情况。G项“Perhaps yu have recently mved t a new city r cuntry.”其中mved t a new city r cuntry与后句中missing anyne frm yur hmetwn相呼应，表示关于远离故乡，离开故乡的事情。故选G项。
【38题详解】
根据下文“Yu can share yur feelings and experiences with yur relatives and friends”（你可以和你的亲戚朋友分享你的感受和经历。）可知，B项“Talk t thers abut yur experiences.”中experiences与后文中feelings and experiences形成呼应结构，符合本段语境，因此这个空作为这段话的主题句，说和别人谈论你的经历。故选B项。
【39题详解】
根据上文“D sme things yu usually like”（做一些你平时喜欢做的事情。）可知E项“Yu can watch mvies r listen t music that yu enjy.”其中yu enjy与前文yu usually like相呼应，表示听一些你喜欢听的音乐或者看你喜欢看的电影。故选E项。
【点睛】
第三部分：书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节(共6小题;每小题2分，共12分)
根据中文和给出的英文提示词语，完成下列英文句子。将答案写在答题卡指定区域内。
40. 唐人街是多元文化的一个重要组成部分。(Chinatwns, diverse culture)(汉译英)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Chinatwns are an imprtant part f diverse culture.
【解析】
【详解】考查句子结构和时态。根据汉语提示可知，本句在陈述事实，为一般现在时，句子为主系表结构。唐人街为Chinatwns，是为are，多元文化的一个重要组成部分为an imprtant part f diverse culture。故翻译为：Chinatwns are an imprtant part f diverse culture.
41. 在那时候，来自中国移民定居在这个地区。（immigrants, settle）（汉译英）
____________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】In thse days, the immigrants frm China settled in the area.
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态和名词。表示“移民”应用名词immigrant，此处表复数概念，用复数形式；表示“定居”应用动词settle；表示“在这个地区”介词短语为in the area作地点状语；表示“在那时候”应用介词短语in thse days作时间状语；表示“来自中国”应用介词短语frm China作后置定语。根据时间状语“在那时候”可知，动词应使用一般过去时settled。故翻译为：In thse days, the immigrants frm China settled in the area。
42. 作为医生，我们必须对患者负责。(respnsible, patients)(汉译英)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】As dctrs, we must be respnsible fr ur patients.
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词、情态动词、固定短语。“作为医生”可表述为“As dctrs”；“必须”用情态动词must，后跟动词原形；“对……负责”短语为“be respnsible fr”；“患者”是“patients”。整体翻译为：As dctrs, we must be respnsible fr ur patients.
43. 工作了几年之后，林医生被派往欧洲学习。(send, Eurpe)(汉译英)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】After wrking fr several years, Dr. Lin was sent t Eurpe t study.
【解析】
【详解】考查短语和时态。“工作了几年之后”可翻译为“After wrking fr several years”，其中After是介词，其后接动名词作宾语；“被派往欧洲”可翻译为“be sent t Eurpe”，句子描述过去的事情，用一般过去时，主语是 Dr. Lin，be 动词用 was；“学习”用动词study，“被派往欧洲学习”翻译为was sent t Eurpe t study。整体翻译为“After wrking fr several years, Dr. Lin was sent t Eurpe t study.”
44. 太空探索给世界带来了种种好处。(explre space, benefits)(汉译英)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Explring space has brught varius benefits t the wrld.
【解析】
分析】
【详解】考查动词短语、名词、时态。表示“太空探索”应用动词短语explre space；表示“种种好处”应用名词短语varius benefits；表示“给世界带来”应用动词短语bring t the wrld，因句子表示的是过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，谓语动词使用现在完成时。因此，整句话翻译为Explring space has brught varius benefits t the wrld。
【点睛】
45. 在此之前，大部分人认为在太空旅行是一个无法实现的梦。(travelling int space, impssible dream)(汉译英)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Befre that, mst peple thught that travelling int space was an impssible dream.
【解析】
【详解】考查从句、时态和非谓语。根据汉语提示可知，本句在陈述过去的事情，为一般过去时。“在此之前”为介词短语“Befre that”，“大部分人认为”为“mst peple thught that”，其中that引导宾语从句，“在太空旅行是一个无法实现的梦”为“travelling int space was an impssible dream.”，动名词作主语。故翻译为：Befre that, mst peple thught that travelling int space was an impssible dream.
第二节(20分)
46. 假设你是红星中学李华，你的英国朋友Jim暑期想要来中国旅游，了解中国少数民族文化。请你给他写一封电子邮件，帮他推荐一座城市，内容包括：
1．你的建议及理由;
2．你祝愿。
注意：1．词数100左右，开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数;
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Jim,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
I’m thrilled t hear abut yur upcming visit t China and yur interest in explring ur rich ethnic diversity. I’d highly recmmend yu t visit Guilin, a city nt nly famus fr its breathtaking landscapes but als fr its vibrant Mia and Zhuang cultures. The Lngji Rice Terraces ffer a stunning view while giving insights int the agricultural practices f these cmmunities. Additinally, attending a lcal festival, such as the Mia New Year, will immerse yu in traditinal music, dance, and cuisine.
Wishing yu an unfrgettable jurney filled with discvery and jy. May this trip enrich yur understanding f Chinese culture and leave yu with cherished memries.
Lking frward t hearing all abut yur adventures when yu return.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国朋友Jim写一封电子邮件，推荐一座能体现少数民族文化的城市。
【详解】
1.词汇积累
多样性：diversity→variety
建议：recmmend→ advise
生气勃勃的：vibrant→lively
令人震惊的：stunning→ shcking
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I’d highly recmmend yu t visit Guilin, a city nt nly famus fr its breathtaking landscapes but als fr its vibrant Mia and Zhuang cultures.
拓展句：I’d highly recmmend yu t visit Guilin, which is nt nly famus fr its breathtaking landscapes but als fr its vibrant Mia and Zhuang cultures.
【点睛】
【高分句型1】The Lngji Rice Terraces ffer a stunning view while giving insights int the agricultural practices f these cmmunities. （运用了状语从句的省略结构）
【高分句型2】 Additinally, attending a lcal festival, such as the Mia New Year, will immerse yu in traditinal music, dance, and cuisine.（运用了动名词作主语）
2024年7月
本试卷共10页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，请将答题卡交回。
第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30分)
第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Reagan, a bk lver, lked up frm his reading as the bell rang ver the entrance t the bkstre. Puzzled, he watched fr a minute as Darya ___1___ tward the cunter (柜台) as if t ask a questin. It didn’t make sense that Darya, ne f the schl’s tp athletes, was in a bkstre. Nt wanting t be nticed, Reagan ___2___ fund anther vlume t read. He wuldn’t knw what t say if she tried t start a cnversatin because he thught they tw were t different t have anything t ___3___.
“Hey, Reagan.” Her greeting ___4___ him, and his breath caught in his thrat as it became apparent he hadn’t escaped after all. “Maybe yu can help me.” He dubted it, but he managed t chke ut a reply. “Me?” “I’m trying t ___5___ a bk n sccer skills. I wn’t be able t g t camp ver spring break, and I need t imprve my game befre the next seasn begins.”
Reagan swallwed, then mtined randmly with his hands befre he fund his vice. “Sure. Over here.” He thught it wuld save cnfusin if he just ___6___ the way rather than try t pint her in the right directin. As she fllwed him thrugh the shelves, he dared t imagine they might nt be s ___7___ after all. He felt a brief flash f hpe, the sun shining suddenly where all had been gray. ___8___, ne f Darya’s teammates appeared as if ut f nwhere, urging her t finish any purchases, r they wuld be late fr practice. Sighing, Reagan realized nthing had really changed; the differences wuld never let them break dwn thse barriers, even if they s chse.
Instead, she turned t Reagan with a ___9___ smile, “Thanks fr yur help, and hey, maybe we culd play sccer smetime?” Surprised but pleased, Reagan’s heart leapt at the unexpected ____10____, a sign that perhaps the barriers were nt as insurmuntable (跨越) as he’d thught.
1. A. rushedB. walkedC. drveD. turned
2. A. apparentlyB. bviuslyC. quicklyD. finally
3. A. talk abutB. deal withC. carry utD. settle in
4. A. inspiredB. remindedC. attackedD. surprised
5 A. lcateB. figureC. gatherD. deliver
6. A. cntrlledB. ledC. designedD. made
7. A. particularB. uniqueC. differentD. determined
8. A. LuckilyB. ActuallyC. SlwlyD. Immediately
9. A. warmB. frcedC. crazyD. determined
10. A. cngratulatinB. invitatinC. electinD. frtune
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
As a five-year-ld girl, Lin Qiazhi was deeply affected by her mther’s death. At age 18, instead f fllwing the traditinal path f marriage like the majrity f girls, she ___11___ (chse) t study medicine. “Why shuld girls learn s much? ___12___ (find) a gd husband shuld be their final gal!” her brther cmplained, thinking f the high tuitin fees. She respnded, “I’d rather stay a single ___13___ (study) all my life!”
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
In the afternn, I headed t a lcal museum that shwed the histrical changes in Califrnia. In 1848, gld was discvered near San Francisc, ___14___ started a gld rush. Over 300,000 peple came frm all ver the wrld t seek ___15___ (they) frtune, and San Francisc quickly became a big city. Many Chinese arrived during this perid. ___16___ (earn) a living, sme pened up shps and restaurants ___17___ Chinatwn. Many thers fund jbs n farms, jined the gld rush, r went t build the railway.
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Space explratin has already prmted technlgical imprvements that benefit us all. High-end prducts arund the wrld ___18___ (make) t a higher standard nw because f advanced technlgy. Fr example, space technlgies ___19___ (help) the research and develpment f different types f new material. They have als helped cmpanies make better heart mnitrs and ther machines that dctrs regularly use. Tday, space technlgies are ___20___ (wide) used in all kinds f industries.
第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
British Science Week is happening in March. “Time” is this year’s theme. The mvement f planet Earth explains why we have different seasns ver the year and why we need time znes. Micrsecnd accuracy keeps ur cmputer systems ticking and helps glbal psitining satellites t prvide us with precise lcatin infrmatin. In fact, time is very necessary fr us and is key t s many STEM discveries. The week hpes t raise awareness and stimulate enthusiasm fr STEM subjects. There will be lts f events acrss the UK and many different ways fr yu t experience time.
Astrnmical Time
At The Ryal Observatry in Greenwich, Lndn, yu can explre the rigins f telling the time, and hw time-telling instruments have evlved. We’ll als find ut what slutins inventrs and innvatrs f the past came up with t measure time, help sailrs at sea, and standardize time—ensuring peple in and acrss cmmunities were using the same r similar time.
Making Time
The Museum f Timekeeping is hme t a fascinating cllectin f clcks, watches, and timepieces. Yu can have a guided tur f the museum galleries and listen t sme f the stries behind the artifacts. Yu can see the watch wrn by Captain Sctt n his ill-fated Antarctic expeditin f 1912 and get t hear the vice f the first Speaking Clck (a phne number yu culd call t find ut what time it was).
Passing f Time
Frmed ver ne millin years ag, Cheddar Grge is Britain’s biggest grge (deep, narrw valley). It is 137 meters deep and three miles lng. It was carved by meltwater flds, leaving behind mysterius caves. The mst famus is Gugh’s Cave, where Britain’s ldest cmplete skeletn, knwn as the Cheddar Man, which dates back ver 10,000 years and was discvered in 1903. Yu can fcus n hw ur ancestrs lived and understand the past.
21. Where can yu explre what methds have been prpsed t measure time?
A. The Ryal Observatry.B. Greenwich Park.C. Museum f Timekeeping.D. Cheddar Grge.
22. What can yu discver at the Museum f Timekeeping?
A. Instruments fr sea explratin.B. Clcks watches, and timepieces.
C. Sme music abut Antarctic expeditin.D. The Cheddar Man’s cllectin f artifacts.
23. What is the significance f Cheddar Grge?
A. It is the deepest grge in the wrld.B. It tells hw the caves were destryed.
C. It shws where the meltwater flds came frm.D. It prvides insight int hw ur ancestrs lived.
24. What is the main purpse f British Science Week?
A. T prvide turs at the Museum f Timekeeping.
B. T explre the histry f timekeeping instruments.
C. T highlight the gelgical histry f Cheddar Grge.
D. T prmte STEM subjects thrugh events related t the theme f “Time.”
B
It was the day f the big crss-cuntry run. Students frm seven different primary schls in and arund the small twn were warming up and walking the rute thrugh thick evergreen frest. I lked arund and finally sptted David, wh was standing by himself ff t the side by a fence. He was small fr ten years ld. His usual big tthy smile was absent tday. I walked ver and asked him why he wasn’t with the ther children. He hesitated and then said he had decided nt t run. What was wrng? He had wrked s hard fr this event!
I quickly searched the crwd fr the schl’s cach and asked him what had happened. “I was afraid that kids frm ther schls wuld laugh at him,” he explained uncmfrtably. “I gave him the chice t run r nt, and let him decide.” I bit back my frustratin (懊恼). I knew the cach meant well—he thught he was ding the right thing. After making sure that David culd run if he wanted, I turned t find him cming twards me, his small bdy rcking frm side t side as he swung his feet frward.
David had a brain disease which prevented him frm walking r running like ther children, but at schl his classmates thught f him as a regular kid. He always participated t the best f his ability in whatever they were ding. That was why nne f the children thught it unusual that David had decided t jin the crss-cuntry team. It just tk him lnger—that’s all. David had nt missed a single practice, and althugh he always finished his run lng after the ther children, he did always finish. As a special educatin teacher at the schl, I was familiar with the challenges David faced and was prud f his strng determinatin.
David mved up t the starting line with the ther runners. The race started. The rute seemed lng, especially fr a child with a brain disease. David insisted n running as if he had frgtten all his weaknesses. He tripped within the first few kilmeters but quickly picked himself up and cntinued. Classmates cheered, “Cme n! Yu can make it! We’re prud f yu!”
T everyne’s jy, he reached the finish line and ranked 20th. It wasn’t imprtant whether he wn first place. It was his brave heart and strng faith that made smething unusual happen.
25. Why did the cach ask David t make the decisin?
A The cach didn’t want David t get injured.B. The cach thught David was t weak t run.
C. The cach feared David wuld be made fun f.D. The cach believed David shuld fcus n his studies.
26. Hw did David’s classmates view him at schl?
A. They felt srry fr him.B. They saw him as a nrmal kid.
C. They ften played tricks n him.D. They prevented him frm activities.
27. What can we learn frm David’s stry?
A. He wn first place with ther’s help.
B. He was the mst mdest amng all the children.
C. His behavrs prved his heart disease was a prblem.
D. His determinatin and faith made the achievement special.
C
Space explratin has prduced valuable insights abut Earth, the slar system and beynd. Hwever, massive space activity ver the past few decades has led t unintended rbital debris (残骸).
Every launch f satellites r rckets adds t the prblem, increasing the risk that negatively influences nt nly space missins but als future endeavrs. Since the 1957 launch f Sputnik-1, human activity in Earth’s rbit has caused significant distrtins in space, raising serius cncerns abut the debris left behind.
This ever-increasing threat can be best understd thrugh the Kessler syndrme in space. This phenmenn ccurs when bjects in lw Earth rbit (LEO) becme s crwded that they begin t hit each ther, creating mre debris and mre cllisins (碰撞), thus resulting in chain reactins f mergers and fissins. Many experts warn that LEO is mving twards Kessler’s syndrme.
Accidental cllisins in space als increase the rbital verlad, such as the 2009 cllisin between tw satellites, Ksms 2251 and Iridium 33. Such events have wrsened the rbital debris prblem and raised the prspect f disastrus space cnditins.
The need fr sustainable space activities and the reductin f space debris is being emphasized glbally t address the rising space pllutin. Therefre, gvernments have issued many regulatry measures, including active debris remval (ADR) technlgies r pllutin preventin, which are either planned, tested, r already carried ut t prtect bth existing spacecraft and nes set t be launched.
Besides regulatry measures, several mitigating methds are als used t reduce the rbital verlad. One such methd invlves causing a satellite t break dwn naturally by bringing it clser t Earth’s surface s it burns up in the atmsphere. This methd is cnsidered cst-effective because the defunct satellite can be pushed tward the Earth’s surface at a lwer altitude using a physical tl like a net r an air-bursting tl. Anther similar technlgy uses a harpn that is fired in the directin f the targeted spacecraft t capture it and direct it twards Earth in an active manner, causing the debris t derbit and plan atmspheric incineratin.
T reduce the lng-term risk f cllisins, the fcus needs t be n reducing the amunt f debris in the rbit. Internatinal cperatin and cntinued investment in debris reductin technlgies are carried ut t reduce the ptentially disastrus cnsequences f an vercrwded rbit.
28. What is the parimary cncern regarding rbital debris?
A. Its impact n weather patterns.B. Its impact n future space missins.
C. Its impact n satellite cmmunicatin.D. Its impact n natural atmspheric prcesses.
29. What des the underlined wrd “mitigating” in Paragraph 6 mst prbably mean?
A. Lessening.B. Wrsening.C. Curing.D. Strengthening.
30. What are sme regulatry and mitigatin measures t address space debris?
A. Frequent satellite launches.B. Mre space turism fr tax.
C. Active debris remval technlgies.D. Mre space telescpes fr mnitring.
31. What can we learn frm this passage?
A. There are n existing methds t reduce space debris.
B. Reducing space debris calls fr jint and further effrts.
C. The kessler syndrme is a minr cncern fr space missins.
D. Active debris remval (ADR) technlgies are the nly slutin t space debris.
D
An internatinal team f fssil (化石) hunters has discvered the remains f a “nursery” f prehistric sea creatures in China. The fssils date back t arund 518 millin years ag—a time knwn as the Cambrian Perid, when all life n Earth lived in the ceans. It is very rare t find s many fssils frm the Cambrian Perid in ne place.
The scientists, led by Xianfeng Yang frm Yunnan University, fund 2,846 fssils frm 118 different species at the site, near the city f Kunming. They include ancient ancestrs f mdern-day insects, shellfish and wrms, as well as extinct trilbites (三叶虫). Seventeen f the species discvered are new t science, and mre than half f the fssils are yung animals.
This has led researchers t the cnclusin that the site was a srt f deep-sea nursery where cnditins were well suited fr yung creatures t grw. When the sea bed was cvered by sft mud (泥) these creatures’ remains were perfectly preserved, eventually creating a layer f fssil-rich rck.
Alngside hard bdy parts, like bnes and teeth, sft tissue was als preserved, which is especially imprtant when lking back t a perid when mst animals had sft bdies. Sme f the fssils are s well preserved that researchers have been able t spt bdy parts they’ve never seen befre.
One benefit f all the yung creatures fssils is that scientists will be able t learn hw the creatures changed as they aged. “We’ll see hw different bdy parts grew ver time,” explained researcher Julien Kimmig, frm Penn State University in the US, “which is smething we currently d nt knw abut fr mst f these grups.” What’s mre, Kimmig and his clleagues will be able t cmpare the creatures with living things tday. “We will see if hw these animals develp tday is similar t hw they develped 500 millin years ag, r if smething has changed thrughut time.”
32. What can we learn abut the fssils fund?
A. Half f them are extinct sea creatures.B. They are spread ut ver different sites.
C. Sme f them are previusly unknwn species.D. They belng t rare animals living in the ceans.
33 What kept the creatures’ remains frm being damaged?
A. They were prtected in rcks.B. They were buried in the deep sea.
C. The seaflr was cated with mud.D. The sea bed was in gd cnditin.
34. What d scientists want t learn frm the fssils?
A. The creatures’ age.B. Changes in the creatures’ grwth.
C. Similarities between these species grups.D. The creatures’ impact n living things tday.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Culture shck is the feeling f uncertainty, cnfusin, r anxiety that peple may get when they live in r visit anther cuntry that differs frm their wn. ______35______ It can undubtedly affect peple’s lives. The fllwing are sme ways t deal with culture shck.
Have a gd understanding f culture and culture shck. There are many factrs that make up a culture, including shared beliefs, traditins and mrals.______36______ It’s because they are surrunded by peple with the same beliefs and values, and cultural differences are nly clear when yu meet smene else’s culture.
Keep a jurnal(日记) f yur thughts._____37_____And yu are feeling a bit verwhelmed (不知所措的) with the culture there. Rather than giving in t yur anxiety, write it ut. Write dwn hw yu felt at the mment and what trubled yu r made yu happy that day. Yu can als put smething dwn if yu’re missing anyne frm yur hmetwn. ______38______Dn’t allw yurself t becme a recluse (隐居者) during this experience. Yu can share yur feelings and experiences with yur relatives and friends. If yu are studying abrad and have ther classmates wh have similar feelings, cnnect with them as well as with thse wh are adjusting a bit mre easily.
D sme things yu usually like. Dn’t allw the culture shck t ccupy yur mind. And try t d smething interesting t replace a range f negative emtins, including anxiety, sadness, anger, hmesickness, and smetimes even depressin._____39_____Or practice yur hbbies like reading and dancing.
A. Share yur culture.
B. Talk t thers abut yur experiences.
C. Try t step utside f yur wn culture.
D. Smetimes such a feeling can be very strng.
E. Yu can watch mvies r listen t music that yu enjy.
F. Many peple dn’t realize hw culture influences them.
G. Perhaps yu have recently mved t a new city r cuntry.
第三部分：书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节(共6小题;每小题2分，共12分)
根据中文和给出的英文提示词语，完成下列英文句子。将答案写在答题卡指定区域内。
40. 唐人街是多元文化的一个重要组成部分。(Chinatwns, diverse culture)(汉译英)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
41. 在那时候，来自中国的移民定居在这个地区。（immigrants, settle）（汉译英）
____________________________________________________________________________________________
42. 作为医生，我们必须对患者负责。(respnsible, patients)(汉译英)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
43. 工作了几年之后，林医生被派往欧洲学习。(send, Eurpe)(汉译英)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
44. 太空探索给世界带来了种种好处。(explre space, benefits)(汉译英)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
45. 在此之前，大部分人认为在太空旅行是一个无法实现的梦。(travelling int space, impssible dream)(汉译英)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节(20分)
46. 假设你是红星中学李华，你的英国朋友Jim暑期想要来中国旅游，了解中国少数民族文化。请你给他写一封电子邮件，帮他推荐一座城市，内容包括：
1．你建议及理由;
2．你的祝愿。
注意：1．词数100左右，开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数;
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Jim,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
通州区2023—2024学年第二学期高一年级期末质量检测
英语试卷
2024年7月
本试卷共10页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，请将答题卡交回。
第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30分)
第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Reagan, a bk lver, lked up frm his reading as the bell rang ver the entrance t the bkstre. Puzzled, he watched fr a minute as Darya ___1___ tward the cunter (柜台) as if t ask a questin. It didn’t make sense that Darya, ne f the schl’s tp athletes, was in a bkstre. Nt wanting t be nticed, Reagan ___2___ fund anther vlume t read. He wuldn’t knw what t say if she tried t start a cnversatin because he thught they tw were t different t have anything t ___3___.
“Hey, Reagan.” Her greeting ___4___ him, and his breath caught in his thrat as it became apparent he hadn’t escaped after all. “Maybe yu can help me.” He dubted it, but he managed t chke ut a reply. “Me?” “I’m trying t ___5___ a bk n sccer skills. I wn’t be able t g t camp ver spring break, and I need t imprve my game befre the next seasn begins.”
Reagan swallwed, then mtined randmly with his hands befre he fund his vice. “Sure. Over here.” He thught it wuld save cnfusin if he just ___6___ the way rather than try t pint her in the right directin. As she fllwed him thrugh the shelves, he dared t imagine they might nt be s ___7___ after all. He felt a brief flash f hpe, the sun shining suddenly where all had been gray. ___8___, ne f Darya’s teammates appeared as if ut f nwhere, urging her t finish any purchases, r they wuld be late fr practice. Sighing, Reagan realized nthing had really changed; the differences wuld never let them break dwn thse barriers, even if they s chse.
Instead, she turned t Reagan with a ___9___ smile, “Thanks fr yur help, and hey, maybe we culd play sccer smetime?” Surprised but pleased, Reagan’s heart leapt at the unexpected ____10____, a sign that perhaps the barriers were nt as insurmuntable (跨越) as he’d thught.
1. A. rushedB. walkedC. drveD. turned
2. A. apparentlyB. bviuslyC. quicklyD. finally
3. A. talk abutB. deal withC. carry utD. settle in
4. A. inspiredB. remindedC. attackedD. surprised
5. A. lcateB. figureC. gatherD. deliver
6. A. cntrlledB. ledC. designedD. made
7. A. particularB. uniqueC. differentD. determined
8. A. LuckilyB. ActuallyC. SlwlyD. Immediately
9. A. warmB. frcedC. crazyD. determined
10. A. cngratulatinB. invitatinC. electinD. frtune
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. A 6. B 7. C 8. D 9. A 10. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Reagan在书店遇到学校顶尖运动员Darya，并帮助她找到一本关于足球技巧的书的故事。在这个过程中，Reagan意识到他们之间的差异并不是不可逾越的，Darya的邀请让他感到惊喜，也让他看到了打破壁垒的希望。
【1题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他困惑地看着Darya走向柜台，Darya好像要问一个问题。A. rushed匆忙；B. walked走；C. drve驾驶；D. turned转身。根据下文“tward the cunter”可知，Darya走向柜台，表示她在书店里走动，故选B。
【2题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：Reagan不想被注意到，迅速找到了另一本书来读。A. apparently显然地；B. bviusly明显地；C. quickly迅速地；D. finally最后。根据上文“Nt wanting t be nticed”可知，Reagan不想被注意到，所以他迅速找到了另一本书来读，故选C。
【3题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：他不会知道该说什么，如果她试图开始一个对话，因为他认为他们两个太不同，没有什么可谈的。A. talk abut谈论；B. deal with处理；C. carry ut执行；D. settle in适应（新工作、新学校等）。根据上文“he thught they tw were t different t have anything t”可知，Reagan认为他和Darya太不同，没有什么可谈论的，故选A。
【4题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她的问候让他感到惊讶，当他意识到自己终究没能逃脱时，他的呼吸卡在喉咙里。A. inspired激励；B. reminded提醒；C. attacked攻击；D. surprised使惊讶。根据下文“as it became apparent he hadn’t escaped after all”可知，Darya的问候让Reagan感到惊讶，因为他原以为自己逃脱了，没想到会被注意到，故选D。
【5题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我正在找一本关于足球技巧书。A. lcate定位、找出……的准确地点；B. figure计算；C. gather收集；D. deliver递送。根据下文“a bk n sccer skills”可知，Darya在找一本关于足球技巧的书，所以需要找到这本书，故选A。
【6题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他认为如果他自己带路，而不是试图指引她正确的方向，这样可以避免混淆。A. cntrlled控制；B. led带领；C. designed设计；D. made制造。根据下文“rather than try t pint her in the right directin”可知，Reagan决定亲自带路，而不是仅仅指引方向，故选B。
【7题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当她跟着他穿过书架时，他敢想象他们可能并没有那么不同。A. particular特别的；B. unique独特的；C. different不同的；D. determined坚定的。根据上文“because he thught they tw were t different”“he dared t imagine they might nt be s”以及下文“He felt a brief flash f hpe”可知，Reagan开始意识到他和Darya可能并没有那么不同，故选C。
【8题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：立刻，Darya的一个队友不知从哪里冒出来，催促她赶快结账，否则他们会迟到练习。A. Luckily幸运地；B. Actually实际上；C. Slwly慢慢地；D. Immediately立刻。根据下文“ne f Darya’s teammates appeared as if ut f nwhere”可知，Darya的队友突然出现，催促她赶快结账，所以是立刻出现的，故选D。
【9题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：相反，她转过身来，带着友好的微笑对Reagan说：“谢谢你的帮助，嘿，也许我们可以找个时间踢足球？”A. warm友好的、温暖的；B. frced勉强的；C. crazy疯狂的；D. determined坚定的。根据下文“Thanks fr yur help, and hey, maybe we culd play sccer smetime?”可知，Darya带着友好的微笑感谢Reagan，并提出一起踢足球的邀请，故选A。
【10题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Reagan感到惊讶但高兴，他的心因为意外的邀请而跳动，这是一个迹象，表明那些壁垒可能并不像他想象的那么不可逾越。A. cngratulatin祝贺；B. invitatin邀请；C. electin选举；D. frtune财富。根据上文“Thanks fr yur help, and hey, maybe we culd play sccer smetime?”可知，此处说的是Darya的邀请，故选B。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
As a five-year-ld girl, Lin Qiazhi was deeply affected by her mther’s death. At age 18, instead f fllwing the traditinal path f marriage like the majrity f girls, she ___11___ (chse) t study medicine. “Why shuld girls learn s much? ___12___ (find) a gd husband shuld be their final gal!” her brther cmplained, thinking f the high tuitin fees. She respnded, “I’d rather stay a single ___13___ (study) all my life!”
【答案】11. chse
12. Finding
13. t study
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章简要讲述了著名医生林巧稚受到母亲的影响，没有选择走传统的婚姻道路，而是不顾哥哥的反对，选择了学医的故事。
【11题详解】
考查时态。句意：18岁时，她没有像大多数女孩一样走传统的婚姻道路，而是选择了学医。根据“At age 18”可知，本句为一般过去时。故填chse。
【12题详解】
考查非谓语。句意：“为什么女孩要学这么多？”找到一个好丈夫应该是她们的最终目标!。动名词做主语，首字母大写。故填Finding。
【13题详解】
考查非谓语。句意：我宁愿一辈子单身也要学习！。不定式作目的状语。故填t study。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
In the afternn, I headed t a lcal museum that shwed the histrical changes in Califrnia. In 1848, gld was discvered near San Francisc, ___14___ started a gld rush. Over 300,000 peple came frm all ver the wrld t seek ___15___ (they) frtune, and San Francisc quickly became a big city. Many Chinese arrived during this perid. ___16___ (earn) a living, sme pened up shps and restaurants ___17___ Chinatwn. Many thers fund jbs n farms, jined the gld rush, r went t build the railway.
【答案】14. which 15. their 16. T 17. in
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者去了当地的博物馆，了解了加利福尼亚州的历史变迁。
【14题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：1848年，在旧金山附近发现了黄金，开始了淘金热。分析句式结构可知，此处是定语从句，先行词是整个主句指物，且从句中缺少主语，所以用关系代词which来引导。故填which。
【15题详解】
考查物主代词。句意：超过30万人从世界各地来到这里寻求财富，旧金山迅速成为一个大城市。根据空格后的名词frtune可知，修饰名词应该用形容词性物主代词，所以空格处应该用提示词的形容词性物主代词their作定语。故填their。
【16题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：为了谋生，一些人在唐人街开了商店和餐馆。分析句意可知，此处应该用提示词的动词不定式形式作目的状语表示“为了谋生”。故填T。
【17题详解】
考查介词。句意：同上。根据空格后的Chinatwn可知，此处用介词in表示“在”唐人街。故填in。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Space explratin has already prmted technlgical imprvements that benefit us all. High-end prducts arund the wrld ___18___ (make) t a higher standard nw because f advanced technlgy. Fr example, space technlgies ___19___ (help) the research and develpment f different types f new material. They have als helped cmpanies make better heart mnitrs and ther machines that dctrs regularly use. Tday, space technlgies are ___20___ (wide) used in all kinds f industries.
【答案】18. are made
19. have helped
20. widely
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了太空探索对技术进步的推动作用，以及这些技术在各个行业的广泛应用。
【18题详解】
考查被动语态。句意：由于先进的技术，世界各地的高端产品现在都以更高的标准制造。根据句意，高端产品是被制造出来的，所以应该使用被动语态。同时，根据上下文的时间状语“nw”可知，此处应该使用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是复数，be动词应用are。故填are made。
【19题详解】
考查时态。句意：例如，太空技术已经帮助研究和开发了不同类型的新材料。根据下文“They have als helped cmpanies make better heart mnitrs and ther machines that dctrs regularly use(他们也帮助公司制造了更好的心脏监测器和其他医生经常使用的机器)”可知，太空技术对新材料的研究和开发起到了帮助作用，且这种帮助作用是从过去开始，一直延续到现在的，所以应该使用现在完成时，主语是复数，助动词应用have。故填have helped。
【20题详解】
考查副词。句意：今天，太空技术广泛应用于各种行业。根据句意，此处需要一个副词作状语来修饰动词used，表示“广泛地”。故填widely。
第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
British Science Week is happening in March. “Time” is this year’s theme. The mvement f planet Earth explains why we have different seasns ver the year and why we need time znes. Micrsecnd accuracy keeps ur cmputer systems ticking and helps glbal psitining satellites t prvide us with precise lcatin infrmatin. In fact, time is very necessary fr us and is key t s many STEM discveries. The week hpes t raise awareness and stimulate enthusiasm fr STEM subjects. There will be lts f events acrss the UK and many different ways fr yu t experience time.
Astrnmical Time
At The Ryal Observatry in Greenwich, Lndn, yu can explre the rigins f telling the time, and hw time-telling instruments have evlved. We’ll als find ut what slutins inventrs and innvatrs f the past came up with t measure time, help sailrs at sea, and standardize time—ensuring peple in and acrss cmmunities were using the same r similar time.
Making Time
The Museum f Timekeeping is hme t a fascinating cllectin f clcks, watches, and timepieces. Yu can have a guided tur f the museum galleries and listen t sme f the stries behind the artifacts. Yu can see the watch wrn by Captain Sctt n his ill-fated Antarctic expeditin f 1912 and get t hear the vice f the first Speaking Clck (a phne number yu culd call t find ut what time it was).
Passing f Time
Frmed ver ne millin years ag, Cheddar Grge is Britain’s biggest grge (deep, narrw valley). It is 137 meters deep and three miles lng. It was carved by meltwater flds, leaving behind mysterius caves. The mst famus is Gugh’s Cave, where Britain’s ldest cmplete skeletn, knwn as the Cheddar Man, which dates back ver 10,000 years and was discvered in 1903. Yu can fcus n hw ur ancestrs lived and understand the past.
21. Where can yu explre what methds have been prpsed t measure time?
A. The Ryal Observatry.B. Greenwich Park.C. Museum f Timekeeping.D. Cheddar Grge.
22. What can yu discver at the Museum f Timekeeping?
A. Instruments fr sea explratin.B. Clcks, watches, and timepieces.
C. Sme music abut Antarctic expeditin.D. The Cheddar Man’s cllectin f artifacts.
23. What is the significance f Cheddar Grge?
A. It is the deepest grge in the wrld.B. It tells hw the caves were destryed.
C. It shws where the meltwater flds came frm.D. It prvides insight int hw ur ancestrs lived.
24. What is the main purpse f British Science Week?
A. T prvide turs at the Museum f Timekeeping.
B. T explre the histry f timekeeping instruments.
C. T highlight the gelgical histry f Cheddar Grge.
D. T prmte STEM subjects thrugh events related t the theme f “Time.”
【答案】21. A 22. B 23. D 24. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了英国科学周的主题为“时间”，并介绍了一些相关的活动和地点，以及这些地点的特色和意义。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“At The Ryal Observatry in Greenwich, Lndn, yu can explre the rigins f telling the time, and hw time-telling instruments have evlved.”（在伦敦的格林威治皇家天文台，你可以探索计时的起源，以及计时工具是如何发展的。）可知，你可以在皇家天文台探索如何测量时间的方法，故选A。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The Museum f Timekeeping is hme t a fascinating cllectin f clcks, watches, and timepieces.”（时间博物馆收藏了许多引人入胜的钟表和计时器。）可知，你可以在时间博物馆发现钟表和计时器，故选B。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Yu can fcus n hw ur ancestrs lived and understand the past.”（你可以关注我们的祖先是如何生活的，理解过去。）可知，切达峡谷能让我们了解我们祖先的生活方式，故选D。
【24题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“The week hpes t raise awareness and stimulate enthusiasm fr STEM subjects.”（这个星期希望提高人们对STEM科目的认识，激发他们对STEM科目的热情。）可知，英国科学周的主要目的是通过与“时间”主题相关的活动来推广STEM科目，故选D。
B
It was the day f the big crss-cuntry run. Students frm seven different primary schls in and arund the small twn were warming up and walking the rute thrugh thick evergreen frest. I lked arund and finally sptted David, wh was standing by himself ff t the side by a fence. He was small fr ten years ld. His usual big tthy smile was absent tday. I walked ver and asked him why he wasn’t with the ther children. He hesitated and then said he had decided nt t run. What was wrng? He had wrked s hard fr this event!
I quickly searched the crwd fr the schl’s cach and asked him what had happened. “I was afraid that kids frm ther schls wuld laugh at him,” he explained uncmfrtably. “I gave him the chice t run r nt, and let him decide.” I bit back my frustratin (懊恼). I knew the cach meant well—he thught he was ding the right thing. After making sure that David culd run if he wanted, I turned t find him cming twards me, his small bdy rcking frm side t side as he swung his feet frward.
David had a brain disease which prevented him frm walking r running like ther children, but at schl his classmates thught f him as a regular kid. He always participated t the best f his ability in whatever they were ding. That was why nne f the children thught it unusual that David had decided t jin the crss-cuntry team. It just tk him lnger—that’s all. David had nt missed a single practice, and althugh he always finished his run lng after the ther children, he did always finish. As a special educatin teacher at the schl, I was familiar with the challenges David faced and was prud f his strng determinatin.
David mved up t the starting line with the ther runners. The race started. The rute seemed lng, especially fr a child with a brain disease. David insisted n running as if he had frgtten all his weaknesses. He tripped within the first few kilmeters but quickly picked himself up and cntinued. Classmates cheered, “Cme n! Yu can make it! We’re prud f yu!”
T everyne’s jy, he reached the finish line and ranked 20th. It wasn’t imprtant whether he wn first place. It was his brave heart and strng faith that made smething unusual happen.
25. Why did the cach ask David t make the decisin?
A. The cach didn’t want David t get injured.B. The cach thught David was t weak t run.
C. The cach feared David wuld be made fun f.D. The cach believed David shuld fcus n his studies.
26. Hw did David’s classmates view him at schl?
A. They felt srry fr him.B. They saw him as a nrmal kid.
C. They ften played tricks n him.D. They prevented him frm activities.
27. What can we learn frm David’s stry?
A. He wn first place with ther’s help.
B. He was the mst mdest amng all the children.
C. His behavrs prved his heart disease was a prblem.
D. His determinatin and faith made the achievement special.
【答案】25. C 26. B 27. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了患有脑疾的大卫参加越野跑比赛的故事。尽管大卫的身体状况不佳，但他的决心和信念使他完成了比赛，赢得了同学们的尊重和赞扬。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段““I was afraid that kids frm ther schls wuld laugh at him,” he explained uncmfrtably. “I gave him the chice t run r nt, and let him decide.”(他不舒服地解释说：“我担心其他学校的孩子会嘲笑他。我给了他选择是否跑步的机会，让他自己决定)”可知，教练让大卫自己做决定是因为他担心大卫会受到其他孩子的嘲笑，故选C。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“David had a brain disease which prevented him frm walking r running like ther children, but at schl his classmates thught f him as a regular kid.(大卫患有脑疾，这使他无法像其他孩子一样走路或跑步，但在学校，他的同学们把他当作一个普通的孩子)”可知，大卫的同学们在学校把他看作一个正常的孩子，故选B。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“It wasn’t imprtant whether he wn first place. It was his brave heart and strng faith that made smething unusual happen.(他是否赢得第一名并不重要。是他勇敢的心和坚定的信念让一些不寻常的事情发生了)”可知，大卫的决心和信念使他的成就变得特别，故选D。
C
Space explratin has prduced valuable insights abut Earth, the slar system and beynd. Hwever, massive space activity ver the past few decades has led t unintended rbital debris (残骸).
Every launch f satellites r rckets adds t the prblem, increasing the risk that negatively influences nt nly space missins but als future endeavrs. Since the 1957 launch f Sputnik-1, human activity in Earth’s rbit has caused significant distrtins in space, raising serius cncerns abut the debris left behind.
This ever-increasing threat can be best understd thrugh the Kessler syndrme in space. This phenmenn ccurs when bjects in lw Earth rbit (LEO) becme s crwded that they begin t hit each ther, creating mre debris and mre cllisins (碰撞), thus resulting in chain reactins f mergers and fissins. Many experts warn that LEO is mving twards Kessler’s syndrme.
Accidental cllisins in space als increase the rbital verlad, such as the 2009 cllisin between tw satellites, Ksms 2251 and Iridium 33. Such events have wrsened the rbital debris prblem and raised the prspect f disastrus space cnditins.
The need fr sustainable space activities and the reductin f space debris is being emphasized glbally t address the rising space pllutin. Therefre, gvernments have issued many regulatry measures, including active debris remval (ADR) technlgies r pllutin preventin, which are either planned, tested, r already carried ut t prtect bth existing spacecraft and nes set t be launched.
Besides regulatry measures, several mitigating methds are als used t reduce the rbital verlad. One such methd invlves causing a satellite t break dwn naturally by bringing it clser t Earth’s surface s it burns up in the atmsphere. This methd is cnsidered cst-effective because the defunct satellite can be pushed tward the Earth’s surface at a lwer altitude using a physical tl like a net r an air-bursting tl. Anther similar technlgy uses a harpn that is fired in the directin f the targeted spacecraft t capture it and direct it twards Earth in an active manner, causing the debris t derbit and plan atmspheric incineratin.
T reduce the lng-term risk f cllisins, the fcus needs t be n reducing the amunt f debris in the rbit. Internatinal cperatin and cntinued investment in debris reductin technlgies are carried ut t reduce the ptentially disastrus cnsequences f an vercrwded rbit.
28. What is the parimary cncern regarding rbital debris?
A. Its impact n weather patterns.B. Its impact n future space missins.
C. Its impact n satellite cmmunicatin.D. Its impact n natural atmspheric prcesses.
29. What des the underlined wrd “mitigating” in Paragraph 6 mst prbably mean?
A. Lessening.B. Wrsening.C. Curing.D. Strengthening.
30. What are sme regulatry and mitigatin measures t address space debris?
A. Frequent satellite launches.B. Mre space turism fr tax.
C. Active debris remval technlgies.D. Mre space telescpes fr mnitring.
31. What can we learn frm this passage?
A. There are n existing methds t reduce space debris.
B. Reducing space debris calls fr jint and further effrts.
C. The kessler syndrme is a minr cncern fr space missins.
D. Active debris remval (ADR) technlgies are the nly slutin t space debris.
【答案】28. B 29. A 30. C 31. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了太空活动产生的轨道碎片问题，以及如何通过各种方法和技术来减少和处理这些碎片。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Every launch f satellites r rckets adds t the prblem, increasing the risk that negatively influences nt nly space missins but als future endeavrs.”（每次卫星或火箭的发射都会加剧这个问题，增加的风险不仅影响太空任务，也影响未来的努力。）可推知轨道碎片的主要问题是对未来太空任务的影响。故选B。
【29题详解】
词句猜测题。根据文章第六段“One such methd invlves causing a satellite t break dwn naturally by bringing it clser t Earth’s surface s it burns up in the atmsphere.”（其中一种方法是通过使卫星更接近地球表面，使其在大气中燃烧，从而使卫星自然解体。）“Anther similar technlgy uses a harpn that is fired in the directin f the targeted spacecraft t capture it and direct it twards Earth in an active manner, causing the debris t derbit and plan atmspheric incineratin.”（另一种类似的技术是使用一个鱼叉向目标航天器的方向发射，以捕获它，并以主动的方式将其引导到地球上，使碎片脱离轨道，并计划在大气中焚烧。）可知，除了监管措施外，还使用了几种减轻的方法来减少轨道过载。“mitigating”在这里的意思是减轻。故选A。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Therefre, gvernments have issued many regulatry measures, including active debris remval (ADR) technlgies r pllutin preventin, which are either planned, tested, r already carried ut t prtect bth existing spacecraft and nes set t be launched.”（因此，各国政府已经出台了许多监管措施，包括主动清除碎片（ADR）技术或污染预防，这些措施已经被计划、测试或已经实施，以保护现有的航天器和即将发射的航天器。）可推知，处理太空碎片的措施包括主动清除碎片技术。故选C。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“T reduce the lng-term risk f cllisins, the fcus needs t be n reducing the amunt f debris in the rbit. Internatinal cperatin and cntinued investment in debris reductin technlgies are carried ut t reduce the ptentially disastrus cnsequences f an vercrwded rbit.”（为了减少长期碰撞的风险，需要关注减少轨道上的碎片数量。进行国际合作并持续投资于减少碎片的技术，以减少轨道过度拥挤可能带来的灾难性后果。）可推知，减少太空碎片需要共同和进一步的努力。故选B。
D
An internatinal team f fssil (化石) hunters has discvered the remains f a “nursery” f prehistric sea creatures in China. The fssils date back t arund 518 millin years ag—a time knwn as the Cambrian Perid, when all life n Earth lived in the ceans. It is very rare t find s many fssils frm the Cambrian Perid in ne place.
The scientists, led by Xianfeng Yang frm Yunnan University, fund 2,846 fssils frm 118 different species at the site, near the city f Kunming. They include ancient ancestrs f mdern-day insects, shellfish and wrms, as well as extinct trilbites (三叶虫). Seventeen f the species discvered are new t science, and mre than half f the fssils are yung animals.
This has led researchers t the cnclusin that the site was a srt f deep-sea nursery where cnditins were well suited fr yung creatures t grw. When the sea bed was cvered by sft mud (泥) these creatures’ remains were perfectly preserved, eventually creating a layer f fssil-rich rck.
Alngside hard bdy parts, like bnes and teeth, sft tissue was als preserved, which is especially imprtant when lking back t a perid when mst animals had sft bdies. Sme f the fssils are s well preserved that researchers have been able t spt bdy parts they’ve never seen befre.
One benefit f all the yung creatures fssils is that scientists will be able t learn hw the creatures changed as they aged. “We’ll see hw different bdy parts grew ver time,” explained researcher Julien Kimmig, frm Penn State University in the US, “which is smething we currently d nt knw abut fr mst f these grups.” What’s mre, Kimmig and his clleagues will be able t cmpare the creatures with living things tday. “We will see if hw these animals develp tday is similar t hw they develped 500 millin years ag, r if smething has changed thrughut time.”
32. What can we learn abut the fssils fund?
A. Half f them are extinct sea creatures.B. They are spread ut ver different sites.
C. Sme f them are previusly unknwn species.D. They belng t rare animals living in the ceans.
33. What kept the creatures’ remains frm being damaged?
A. They were prtected in rcks.B. They were buried in the deep sea.
C. The seaflr was cated with mud.D. The sea bed was in gd cnditin.
34. What d scientists want t learn frm the fssils?
A. The creatures’ age.B. Changes in the creatures’ grwth.
C. Similarities between these species grups.D. The creatures’ impact n living things tday.
【答案】32. C 33. D 34. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一个国际化石猎人小组在中国发现了一个史前海洋生物“托儿所”的遗迹。这些化石可以追溯到大约5.18亿年前——一个被称为寒武纪的时期，当时地球上所有的生命都生活在海洋中。在一个地方发现这么多寒武纪的化石是非常罕见的。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Seventeen f the species discvered are new t science, and mre than half f the fssils are yung animals.(发现的物种中有17个是科学上的新物种，超过一半的化石是年轻的动物)”可知，发现的化石中一些是以前不为人知的物种。故选C。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“When the sea bed was cvered by sft mud (泥) these creatures’ remains were perfectly preserved, eventually creating a layer f fssil-rich rck.(当海床被软泥覆盖时，这些生物的遗骸被完好地保存了下来，最终形成了一层富含化石的岩石)”可知，海床状况良好让这些生物的遗骸不被破坏。故选D。
34题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“One benefit f all the yung creatures fssils is that scientists will be able t learn hw the creatures changed as they aged.(所有这些年轻生物化石的一个好处是，科学家将能够了解这些生物随着年龄的增长是如何变化的)”可知，科学家们想从这些化石中了解生物生长的变化。故选B。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Culture shck is the feeling f uncertainty, cnfusin, r anxiety that peple may get when they live in r visit anther cuntry that differs frm their wn. ______35______ It can undubtedly affect peple’s lives. The fllwing are sme ways t deal with culture shck.
Have a gd understanding f culture and culture shck. There are many factrs that make up a culture, including shared beliefs, traditins and mrals.______36______ It’s because they are surrunded by peple with the same beliefs and values, and cultural differences are nly clear when yu meet smene else’s culture.
Keep a jurnal(日记) f yur thughts._____37_____And yu are feeling a bit verwhelmed (不知所措的) with the culture there. Rather than giving in t yur anxiety, write it ut. Write dwn hw yu felt at the mment and what trubled yu r made yu happy that day. Yu can als put smething dwn if yu’re missing anyne frm yur hmetwn. ______38______Dn’t allw yurself t becme a recluse (隐居者) during this experience. Yu can share yur feelings and experiences with yur relatives and friends. If yu are studying abrad and have ther classmates wh have similar feelings, cnnect with them as well as with thse wh are adjusting a bit mre easily.
D sme things yu usually like. Dn’t allw the culture shck t ccupy yur mind. And try t d smething interesting t replace a range f negative emtins, including anxiety, sadness, anger, hmesickness, and smetimes even depressin._____39_____Or practice yur hbbies like reading and dancing.
A. Share yur culture.
B. Talk t thers abut yur experiences.
C. Try t step utside f yur wn culture.
D. Smetimes such a feeling can be very strng.
E. Yu can watch mvies r listen t music that yu enjy.
F. Many peple dn’t realize hw culture influences them.
G. Perhaps yu have recently mved t a new city r cuntry.
【答案】35. D 36. F 37. G 38. B 39. E
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了四种应对文化冲击带来的影响的方法，帮助人们克服或者缓解文化冲击带来的不适和感受。
【35题详解】
根据前句“Culture shck is the feeling f uncertainty,cnfusin,r anxiety”（文化冲击是一种不确定、困惑或焦虑的感觉。）前文提出来文化冲击这个概念，这个空应该也是关于文化冲击带来的感觉，D项“Smetimes such a feeling can be very strng.”其中a feeling与前文feeling相呼应。故选D项。
【36题详解】
根据后句“It's because they are surrunded by peple with the same beliefs and values，and cultural differences are nly clear when yu meet smene else’s culture.”（这是因为他们周围的人都有相同的信仰和价值观，只有当你遇到别人的文化时，文化差异才会明显。）可知，F项“Many peple dn’t realize hw culture influences them.”其中culture与后句中cultural differences形成呼应结构，符合本段语境。故选F项。
【37题详解】
根据下文“Yu can als put smething dwn if yu're missing anyne frm yur hmetwn”（意思是如果你想念家乡的人，你也可以写下一些东西。）可知，这段话是在介绍远离故乡在外的时候的情况。G项“Perhaps yu have recently mved t a new city r cuntry.”其中mved t a new city r cuntry与后句中missing anyne frm yur hmetwn相呼应，表示关于远离故乡，离开故乡的事情。故选G项。
【38题详解】
根据下文“Yu can share yur feelings and experiences with yur relatives and friends”（你可以和你的亲戚朋友分享你的感受和经历。）可知，B项“Talk t thers abut yur experiences.”中experiences与后文中feelings and experiences形成呼应结构，符合本段语境，因此这个空作为这段话的主题句，说和别人谈论你的经历。故选B项。
【39题详解】
根据上文“D sme things yu usually like”（做一些你平时喜欢做的事情。）可知E项“Yu can watch mvies r listen t music that yu enjy.”其中yu enjy与前文yu usually like相呼应，表示听一些你喜欢听的音乐或者看你喜欢看的电影。故选E项。
【点睛】
第三部分：书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节(共6小题;每小题2分，共12分)
根据中文和给出的英文提示词语，完成下列英文句子。将答案写在答题卡指定区域内。
40. 唐人街是多元文化的一个重要组成部分。(Chinatwns, diverse culture)(汉译英)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Chinatwns are an imprtant part f diverse culture.
【解析】
【详解】考查句子结构和时态。根据汉语提示可知，本句在陈述事实，为一般现在时，句子为主系表结构。唐人街为Chinatwns，是为are，多元文化的一个重要组成部分为an imprtant part f diverse culture。故翻译为：Chinatwns are an imprtant part f diverse culture.
41. 在那时候，来自中国移民定居在这个地区。（immigrants, settle）（汉译英）
____________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】In thse days, the immigrants frm China settled in the area.
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态和名词。表示“移民”应用名词immigrant，此处表复数概念，用复数形式；表示“定居”应用动词settle；表示“在这个地区”介词短语为in the area作地点状语；表示“在那时候”应用介词短语in thse days作时间状语；表示“来自中国”应用介词短语frm China作后置定语。根据时间状语“在那时候”可知，动词应使用一般过去时settled。故翻译为：In thse days, the immigrants frm China settled in the area。
42. 作为医生，我们必须对患者负责。(respnsible, patients)(汉译英)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】As dctrs, we must be respnsible fr ur patients.
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词、情态动词、固定短语。“作为医生”可表述为“As dctrs”；“必须”用情态动词must，后跟动词原形；“对……负责”短语为“be respnsible fr”；“患者”是“patients”。整体翻译为：As dctrs, we must be respnsible fr ur patients.
43. 工作了几年之后，林医生被派往欧洲学习。(send, Eurpe)(汉译英)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】After wrking fr several years, Dr. Lin was sent t Eurpe t study.
【解析】
【详解】考查短语和时态。“工作了几年之后”可翻译为“After wrking fr several years”，其中After是介词，其后接动名词作宾语；“被派往欧洲”可翻译为“be sent t Eurpe”，句子描述过去的事情，用一般过去时，主语是 Dr. Lin，be 动词用 was；“学习”用动词study，“被派往欧洲学习”翻译为was sent t Eurpe t study。整体翻译为“After wrking fr several years, Dr. Lin was sent t Eurpe t study.”
44. 太空探索给世界带来了种种好处。(explre space, benefits)(汉译英)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Explring space has brught varius benefits t the wrld.
【解析】
分析】
【详解】考查动词短语、名词、时态。表示“太空探索”应用动词短语explre space；表示“种种好处”应用名词短语varius benefits；表示“给世界带来”应用动词短语bring t the wrld，因句子表示的是过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，谓语动词使用现在完成时。因此，整句话翻译为Explring space has brught varius benefits t the wrld。
【点睛】
45. 在此之前，大部分人认为在太空旅行是一个无法实现的梦。(travelling int space, impssible dream)(汉译英)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Befre that, mst peple thught that travelling int space was an impssible dream.
【解析】
【详解】考查从句、时态和非谓语。根据汉语提示可知，本句在陈述过去的事情，为一般过去时。“在此之前”为介词短语“Befre that”，“大部分人认为”为“mst peple thught that”，其中that引导宾语从句，“在太空旅行是一个无法实现的梦”为“travelling int space was an impssible dream.”，动名词作主语。故翻译为：Befre that, mst peple thught that travelling int space was an impssible dream.
第二节(20分)
46. 假设你是红星中学李华，你的英国朋友Jim暑期想要来中国旅游，了解中国少数民族文化。请你给他写一封电子邮件，帮他推荐一座城市，内容包括：
1．你的建议及理由;
2．你祝愿。
注意：1．词数100左右，开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数;
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Jim,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
I’m thrilled t hear abut yur upcming visit t China and yur interest in explring ur rich ethnic diversity. I’d highly recmmend yu t visit Guilin, a city nt nly famus fr its breathtaking landscapes but als fr its vibrant Mia and Zhuang cultures. The Lngji Rice Terraces ffer a stunning view while giving insights int the agricultural practices f these cmmunities. Additinally, attending a lcal festival, such as the Mia New Year, will immerse yu in traditinal music, dance, and cuisine.
Wishing yu an unfrgettable jurney filled with discvery and jy. May this trip enrich yur understanding f Chinese culture and leave yu with cherished memries.
Lking frward t hearing all abut yur adventures when yu return.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国朋友Jim写一封电子邮件，推荐一座能体现少数民族文化的城市。
【详解】
1.词汇积累
多样性：diversity→variety
建议：recmmend→ advise
生气勃勃的：vibrant→lively
令人震惊的：stunning→ shcking
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I’d highly recmmend yu t visit Guilin, a city nt nly famus fr its breathtaking landscapes but als fr its vibrant Mia and Zhuang cultures.
拓展句：I’d highly recmmend yu t visit Guilin, which is nt nly famus fr its breathtaking landscapes but als fr its vibrant Mia and Zhuang cultures.
【点睛】
【高分句型1】The Lngji Rice Terraces ffer a stunning view while giving insights int the agricultural practices f these cmmunities. （运用了状语从句的省略结构）
【高分句型2】 Additinally, attending a lcal festival, such as the Mia New Year, will immerse yu in traditinal music, dance, and cuisine.（运用了动名词作主语）
相关试卷
北京市海淀区2023-2024学年高一下学期7月期末考试英语试卷（Word版附解析）： 这是一份北京市海淀区2023-2024学年高一下学期7月期末考试英语试卷（Word版附解析），共33页。
北京市延庆区2023-2024学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题（Word版附解析）： 这是一份北京市延庆区2023-2024学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题（Word版附解析），共29页。试卷主要包含了01， A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
北京市通州区2023-2024学年高一上学期期中英语试卷（Word版附解析）： 这是一份北京市通州区2023-2024学年高一上学期期中英语试卷（Word版附解析），共19页。试卷主要包含了 5分，共15分)， A， tried等内容，欢迎下载使用。
