【改】初中语法：定语从句课件PPT

这是一份【改】初中语法：定语从句课件PPT，共23页。PPT课件主要包含了目 录，①定语从句的概念，②关系词的用法，③注意事项，④练习巩固，定语从句，关系词的用法，关系代词的用法，练一练，关系副词的用法等内容，欢迎下载使用。
宾语从句，在复合句中起宾语作用的从句
1、定语从句的概念：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。（记忆方法：之所以称为先行词，是因为总是出现在定语从句前。）关系词：引导定语从句的连词叫关系词，可分为关系代词（that/which/wh/whm/whse）和关系副词（when/where/why）。（记忆方法：关系词一般跟在先行词之后，引导定语从句，并代替先行词在定语从句中充当句子成分。）
【关系代词】：I like the girl wh is beautiful.【关系副词】：I will never frget the days when I jined the League.
先行词 关系代词 定语从句
先行词 关系副词 定语从句
2、分析定语从句：（一）定语从句→拆分主句+从句① 找出先行词② 选择关系词（关系代词/关系副词）③ 拆分主句和从句
Yesterday I helped an ld man wh lst his way.① 先行词：an ld man② 选择关系词：因为先行词是人，所以选择wh③ 拆分句子：主句-Yesterday I helped an ld man. 从句-An ld man lst his way.（关系词在从句中代替先行词，充当主语）
（二）主句+从句→合并成定语从句① 找出先行词② 选择关系词（关系代词/关系副词）③ 合并定语从句
主句-The man is my friend. 从句-Yu met the man just nw.① 先行词：找出两个句子中重复的部分，the man② 选择关系词：因为先行词是人，所以选择wh③ 合并句子：The man wh yu met just nw is my friend.（关系词在从句中代替先行词，充当宾语）
关系词（一）：that、which、wh、whm、whse
【考一考】This is an ld cmputer ____________ wrks much slwer.Thse ___________ break the rules shall be punished.
一、当先行词是人时，关系代词有that/wh/whm/whse：
① wh的用法：在从句中作主语，可用that代替The bys wh/that are playing ftball n the playgrund are frm Class One.→主句：The bys are frm Class One. 从句：The bys are playing ftball n the playgrund.
② whm的用法：在从句中作宾语，在口语和非正式语体中常用wh/that代替，可省略。Mr. Liu is the persn whm/wh/that yu talked abut=Mr. Liu is the persn yu talked abut.→主句： Mr. Liu is the persn. 从句：Yu talked abut the persn.【注意】whm在从句中作介词的宾语，且介词在whm前，则whm不能背wh代替，也不能省略。I have many friends t whm I am ging t send pstcards.→主句：I have many friends. 从句：I am ging t send pstcards t friends.
一、当先行词是人时，关系代词有wh/whm/whse/that：
③ whse的用法：即可指人也可指物，在从句中作定语。指人：She has a friend whse father is a famus actr. →主句：She has a friend. 从句：Her friend’s father is a famus actr.
④ that的用法：即可指人也可指物。指人时，在从句中作主语（与wh互换）或宾语（与whm互换）。【注意】只能用wh，不能用that的情况：（1）当先行词是不定代词或指示代词且作主语时：anyne/nbdy/ne/all /thse等，一般用 wh。Thse wh are singing are all my classmates .Anyne wh likes Chinese pera canbe accepted int the prgram.（2）在 there be 句型中，先行词指人时，只能用 wh。There is a girl wh expects t see yu .（3）两个定语从句中，一个已经用了that时：The by that yu met yesterday is the grup leader wh studies hard.
二、当先行词是物时，关系代词有that/which/whse：
① that的用法：即可指人也可指物。指物时，可与which互换。指物：The picture (that/ which) we are lking was drawn by a little girl.【注意】只能用that，不能用which的情况。（1）当先行词为指物的不定代词： all、everything、smething、anything等。There is nthing that I can d fr yu .（2）当先行词被 the nly、the very 、the last 等词修饰时：Chatting was the nly thing that interested her.
二、当先行词是物时，关系代词有that/which/whse：① that的用法：即可指人也可指物。指物时，可与which互换。
【注意】只能用that，不能用which的情况。（3）当先行词被序数词修饰时：This is the first bk that I studied in the middle schl .（4）先行词为最高级或被最高级修饰时：This is the mst beautiful muntain that I have ever seen .（5）先行词既有人也有物时：She tk phts f the things and peple that she was interested in.
② which的用法：在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，可与that互换，做宾语时可省略。作主语：Ftball is a game which/that is liked by mst bys. →主句：Ftball is a game. 从句：A game is liked by mst bys.作宾语：This is the pen（that/which）he bught yesterday. →主句：This is the pen. 从句：He bught the pen yesterday.
② which的用法：在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，可与that互换，做宾语时可省略。
【注意】只能用which，不能用that的情况。（1）先行词本身是 that 时：What’s that which flashed in the sky just nw?（2）关系代词前有介词时：This is the building in which he lives .（3）引导非限定性的定语从句（先行词是物且先行词与关系词用逗号隔开）：His bk , which was lst last week , has been fund nw.
③ whse的用法：即可指人也可指物，在从句中作定语。指物：He lives in a huse whse windws verlk the cean. （他住在一座可以俯瞰大海的房子里。） → 主句：He lives in a huse. 从句：The huse’s windws verlk the cean.
1.Mrs Wang is an English teacher makes her classes lively and interesting A.which B.wh C.what2.—Mum is waiting.Can we set ff nw?—Just a minute.I can't find the shes I bught last week. A.that B.wh C.what shuld remember thse lst their lives fr ur cuntry. A.wh B.whm C.which4.—Jeff,what are yu watching?—A shrt vide abut Zhang Guimei stries mve me deeply. A.wh B.whm C.whse
5.I like smart clthes are made f silk. A.wh B.which blind is smething mst peple can't imagine. A.wh B.what C.that D.whm7.—Qingda is the mst beautiful city I've ever been t.—S it is.Many internatinal meetings are held there every year. A.that B.which C.what
关系词（二）：when、where、why
【考一考】I will never frget the day ________ I jined the League.I will g t the twn________ I was brn.I really dn’t knw the reasn________he was late again.
① when的用法：when在从句中作时间状语，一般其前有表示时间的词，可用“介词（at/in/n/during）+which”替代。 I shall never frget the days when we wrked n the farm.= I shall never frget the days during which we wrked n the farm. → 主句： I shall never frget the days. 从句：we wrked n the farm during the days.
② where的用法：where在从句中作地点状语，一般其前有表示地点的词，可用“介词（in/at）+which”替代。 I'll g t the park where I can fly a kite.= I'll g t the park in which I can fly a kite. → 主句： I'll g t the park 从句：I can fly a kite in the park.
③ why的用法：where在从句中作地点状语，一般其前有表示地点的词，可用“介词（in/at）+which”替代。 D yu knw the reasn why she desn't like me? = D yu knw the reasn fr which she desn't like me? → 主句： D yu knw the reasn. 从句： she desn't like me.
1、 关系词在定语从句中作宾语时，常可省略：The stry _______he tld was very ppular B.whm C.whse D. / 2、主谓一致：that、wh、which 在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词应与先行词保持一致。I lves singers wh _________ (write) their wn sngs .She is ne f the girls wh__________(study) hard .
1.The huse Lu Xun used t live is nw a museum. A.which B.that C.in which Li Ming went t the village his family lived ten years ag. A.when B.which C.where D.that3.—Have yu heard f the place ________ he visited last summer? —Yes, it is the very place ________ the great writer, Lu Xun was brn.A．where; whereB．where; thatC．/; whereD．that; that4．I like t visit the places ________ the peple are friendly and the fd is tasty.A．whB．whereC．whichD．that