专题 16 阅读理解新闻报道及其它（教师卷）--十年（2015-2024）高考真题英语分项汇编（全国通用）

这是一份专题 16 阅读理解新闻报道及其它（教师卷）--十年（2015-2024）高考真题英语分项汇编（全国通用），共28页。

Passage 1
【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】 D yu ever get t the train statin and realize yu frgt t bring smething t read? Yes, we all have ur phnes, but many f us still like t g ld schl and read smething printed.
Well, there’s a kisk (小亭) fr that. In the San Francisc Bay Area, at least.
“Yu enter the fare gates (检票口) and yu’ll see a kisk that is lit up and it tells yu can get a ne-minute, a three-minute, r a five-minute stry,” says Alicia Trst, the chief cmmunicatins fficer fr the San Francisc Bay Area Rapid Transit — knwn as BART. “Yu chse which length yu want and it gives yu a receipt-like shrt stry.”
It’s that simple. Riders have printed nearly 20,000 shrt stries and pems since the prgram was launched last March. Sme are classic shrt stries, and sme are new riginal wrks.
Trst als wants t intrduce lcal writers t lcal riders. “We wanted t d smething where we d a call t artists in the Bay Area t submit stries fr a cntest,” Trst says. “And as f right nw, we’ve received abut 120 submissins. The winning stries wuld g int ur kisk and then yu wuld be a published artist.”
Ridership n transit (交通) systems acrss the cuntry has been dwn the past half century, s culd shrt stries save transit?
Trst thinks s.
“At the end f the day all transit agencies right nw are ding everything they can t imprve the rider experience. S I abslutely think we will get mre riders just because f shrt stries,” she says.
And yu’ll never be withut smething t read.
4. Why did BART start the kisk prgram?
A. T prmte the lcal culture.B. T discurage phne use.
C. T meet passengers’ needs.D. T reduce its running csts.
5. Hw are the stries categrized in the kisk?
A. By ppularity.B. By length.
C. By theme.D. By language.
6. What has Trst been ding recently?
A. Organizing a stry cntest.B. Ding a survey f custmers.
C. Chsing a print publisher.D. Cnducting interviews with artists.
7. What is Trst’s pinin abut BART’s future?
A. It will clse dwn.B. Its prfits will decline.
C. It will expand natinwide.D. Its ridership will increase.
【答案】4. C 5. B 6. A 7. D
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要报道了旧金山湾区捷运系统(BART)推出自动售货亭提供短篇故事打印服务，旨在满足乘客阅读需求，提升出行体验，Trst认为此举措能吸引更多乘客，对BART未来持乐观态度，预期乘客量将会增长。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段““Yu enter the fare gates (检票口) and yu’ll see a kisk that is lit up and it tells yu can get a ne-minute, a three-minute, r a five-minute stry,” says Alicia Trst, the chief cmmunicatins fficer fr the San Francisc Bay Area Rapid Transit - knwn as BART. “Yu chse which length yu want and it gives yu a receipt-like shrt stry.”(旧金山湾区捷运系统（BART）首席通讯官Alicia Trst表示：“你进入检票口，会看到一个亮着灯的信息亭，它告诉你可以得到一分钟、三分钟或五分钟的报道。你可以选择你想要的长度，它会给你一个类似收据的短篇故事。”)”可知，BART启动信息亭是为了满足乘客在乘车过程中的阅读需求，为他们提供不同长度的短篇故事或诗歌来打发时间。故选C项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Yu chse which length yu want and it gives yu a receipt-like shrt stry.(你可以选择你想要的长度，它会给你一个类似收据的短篇故事)”可知，信息亭中的故事按长度分类，乘客可以根据自己的需求选择不同长度的故事。故选B项。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段“We wanted t d smething where we d a call t artists in the Bay Area t submit stries fr a cntest,(我们想做一些事情，呼吁湾区的艺术家为比赛提交故事)”以及第六段“The winning stries wuld g int ur kisk and then yu wuld be a published artist.(获奖故事会进入我们的信息亭，然后你就会成为一名出版艺术家)”可知，Trst最近在组织一个故事竞赛，向湾区的艺术家征集故事，获胜作品将被放入售货亭供乘客阅读。故选A项。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段““At the end f the day all transit agencies right nw are ding everything they can t imprve the rider experience. S I abslutely think we will get mre riders just because f shrt stries,” she says.(她说：“归根结底，所有的交通机构现在都在尽一切努力改善乘客体验。所以我绝对认为，我们会因为短篇小说而吸引更多的乘客。”)”可知，Trst认为通过提升乘客体验，包括提供短篇故事阅读服务，BART可以吸引更多的乘客，乘客量将会增加。故选D项。
Passage 2
【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】Given the astnishing ptential f AI t transfrm ur lives, we all need t take actin t deal with ur AI-pwered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan fr Living with Artificial Intelligence cmes in. This absrbing new bk by Catrina Campbell is a practical radmap addressing the challenges psed by the frthcming AI revlutin (变革).
In the wrng hands, such a bk culd prve as cmplicated t prcess as the cmputer cde (代码) that pwers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has mre than tw decades’ prfessinal experience translating the heady int the understandable. She writes frm the practical angle f a business persn rather than as an academic, making fr a guide which is highly accessible and infrmative and which, by the clse, will make yu feel almst as smart as AI.
As we sn cme t learn frm AI by Design, AI is already super-smart and will becme mre capable, mving frm the current generatin f “narrw-AI” t Artificial General Intelligence. Frm there, Campbell says, will cme Artificial Dminant Intelligence. This is why Campbell has set ut t raise awareness f AI and its future nw-several decades befre these develpments are expected t take place. She says it is essential that we keep cntrl f artificial intelligence, r risk being sidelined and perhaps even wrse.
Campbell’s pint is t wake up thse respnsible fr AI-the technlgy cmpanies and wrld leaders-s they are n the same page as all the experts currently develping it. She explains we are at a “tipping pint” in histry and must act nw t prevent an extinctin-level event fr humanity. We need t cnsider hw we want ur future with Al t pan ut. Such structured thinking, fllwed by glbal regulatin, will enable us t achieve greatness rather than ur dwnfall.
AI will affect us all, and if yu nly read ne bk n the subject, this is it.
12. What des the phrase “In the wrng hands” in paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A. If read by smene prly educated.B. If reviewed by smene ill-intentined.
C. If written by smene less cmpetent.D. If translated by smene unacademic.
13. What is a feature f AI by Design accrding t the text?
A. It is packed with cmplex cdes.B. It adpts a dwn-t-earth writing style.
C. It prvides step-by-step instructins.D. It is intended fr AI prfessinals.
14. What des Campbell urge peple t d regarding AI develpment?
A. Observe existing regulatins n it.
B. Recnsider expert pinins abut it.
C. Make jint effrts t keep it under cntrl.
D. Learn frm prir experience t slw it dwn.
15. What is the authr’s purpse in writing the text?
A. T recmmend a bk n AI.B. T give a brief accunt f AI histry.
C. T clarify the definitin f AI.D. T hnr an utstanding AI expert.
【答案】12. C 13. B 14. C 15. A
【导语】本文是一篇书评。文章主要介绍了Catrina Campbell所著AI by Design: A Plan fr Living with Artificial Intelligence一书。该书作为应对AI革命挑战的实用指南，以商业视角阐述AI发展现状与前景，强调控制AI的重要性，呼吁各界协同确保人工智能安全发展，以防潜在危机。
【12题详解】
词句猜测题。根据文章第二段“such a bk culd prve as cmplicated t prcess as the cmputer cde (代码) that pwers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has mre than tw decades' prfessinal experience translating the heady int the understandable. She writes frm the practical angle f a business persn rather than as an academic, making fr a guide which is highly accessible and infrmative and which, by the clse, will make yu feel almst as smart as AI. (这样一本书可能会像驱动人工智能的计算机代码一样复杂，但值得庆幸的是，坎贝尔有20多年的专业经验，可以将令人兴奋的内容转化为可理解的内容。她从商业人士的实际角度而不是学者的角度出发，撰写了一本非常通俗易懂、内容丰富的指南，读完后会让你觉得自己几乎和人工智能一样聪明)”可知，坎贝尔撰写的这本书是通俗易懂的，如果别人写这本书的话可能就不是这样了，推测划线短语表示 “如果是由能力较差的人写的”。故选C项。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“thankfully, Campbell has mre than tw decades’ prfessinal experience translating the heady int the understandable. She writes frm the practical angle f a business persn rather than as an academic, making fr a guide which is highly accessible and infrmative and which, by the clse, will make yu feel almst as smart as AI.(值得庆幸的是，坎贝尔有20多年的专业经验，可以将令人兴奋的内容转化为可理解的内容。她从商业人士的实际角度而不是学者的角度出发，撰写了一本非常通俗易懂、内容丰富的指南，读完后会让你觉得自己几乎和人工智能一样聪明)”可知，坎贝尔在书中将令人兴奋的内容转化为可理解的内容，这本书的特点是通俗易懂，推测它采用了接地气的写作风格。故选B项。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“She says it is essential that we keep cntrl f artificial intelligence, r risk being sidelined and perhaps even wrse. (她说，我们必须保持对人工智能的控制，否则就有被边缘化甚至更糟的风险)”和文章最后一段“We need t cnsider hw we want ur future with AI t pan ut. Such structured thinking, fllwed by glbal regulatin, will enable us t achieve greatness rather than ur dwnfall. (我们需要考虑我们希望人工智能的未来如何发展。这种结构化的思维，加上全球监管，将使我们走向伟大，而不是走向衰败)”可知，坎贝尔敦促人们保持对人工智能的控制，考虑人工智能的未来应如何发展，所以关于人工智能的发展，坎贝尔敦促人们共同努力将其控制住。故选C项。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Given the astnishing ptential f AI t transfrm ur lives, we all need t take actin t deal with ur AI-pwered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan fr Living with Artificial Intelligence cmes in. This absrbing new bk by Catrina Campbell is a practical radmap addressing the challenges psed by the frthcming AI revlutin (变革). (考虑到人工智能改变我们生活的惊人潜力，我们都需要采取行动来应对人工智能驱动的未来，这正是AI by Design: A Plan fr Living with Artificial Intelligence的用武之地。卡特里奥娜·坎贝尔撰写的这本引人入胜的新书是一本实用的路线图，旨在应对即将到来的人工智能革命带来的挑战)”和文章最后一段“AI will affect us all, and if yu nly read ne bk n the subject, this is it. (人工智能将影响我们所有人，如果你只读一本关于这个主题的书，那就是这本书)”可知，本文主要介绍了Catrina Campbell所著AI by Design: A Plan fr Living with Artificial Intelligence一书，该书作为应对AI革命挑战的实用指南，以商业视角阐述AI发展现状与前景，强调控制AI的重要性，呼吁各界协同确保人工智能安全发展，以防潜在危机，所以作者写这篇文章的目的是推荐一本关于人工智能的书。故选A项。
2023年阅读理解新闻报道
Passage 1
【2023年全国甲卷】 I was abut 13 when an uncle gave me a cpy f Jstein Gaarder’s Sphie’s Wrld. It was full f ideas that were new t me, s I spent the summer with my head in and ut f that bk. It spke t me and brught me int a wrld f philsphy (哲学).
That lve fr philsphy lasted until I gt t cllege. Nthing kills the lve fr philsphy faster than peple wh think they understand Fucault, Baudrillard, r Cnfucius better than yu — and then try t explain them.
Eric Weiner’s The Scrates Express: In Search f Life Lessns frm Dead Philsphers reawakened my lve fr philsphy. It is nt an explanatin, but an invitatin t think and experience philsphy.
Weiner starts each chapter with a scene n a train ride between cities and then frames each philspher’s wrk in the cntext (背景) f ne thing they can help us d better. The end result is a read in which we learn t wnder like Scrates, see like Threau, listen like Schpenhauer, and have n regrets like Nietzsche. This, mre than a bk abut understanding philsphy, is a bk abur learning t use philsphy t imprve a life.
He makes philsphical thught an appealing exercise that imprves the quality f ur experiences, and he des s with plenty f humr. Weiner enters int cnversatin with sme f the mst imprtant philsphers in histry, and he becmes part f that crwd in the prcess by decding (解读) their messages and adding his wn interpretatin.
The Scrates Express is a fun, sharp bk that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thughts n desire, lneliness, and aging. The invitatin is clear: Weiner wants yu t pick up a cffee r tea and sit dwn with this bk. I encurage yu t take his ffer. It’s wrth yur time, even if time is smething we dn’t have a lt f.
28. Wh pened the dr t philsphy fr the authr?
A. Fucault.B. Eric Weiner.
C. Jstein Gaarder.D. A cllege teacher.
29. Why des the authr list great philsphers in paragraph 4?
A. T cmpare Weiner with them.
B. T give examples f great wrks.
C. T praise their writing skills.
D. T help readers understand Weiner’s bk.
30. What des the authr like abut The Scrates Express?
A. Its views n histry are well-presented.
B. Its ideas can be applied t daily life.
C. It includes cmments frm readers.
D. It leaves an pen ending.
31. What des the authr think f Weiner’s bk?
A. Objective and plain.
B. Daring and ambitius.
C. Serius and hard t fllw.
D. Humrus and straightfrward.
D. Humrus and straightfrward.
【答案】8. C 9. D 10. B 11. D
【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明书评。作者在13岁时开始喜欢哲学，随后Weiner的书The Scrates Express唤起了作者对哲学的热爱。文章通过介绍了The Scrates Express这本书，倡导读者花时间去读这本书。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“I was abut 13 when an uncle gave me a cpy f Jstein Gaarder’s Sphie’s Wrld. It was full f ideas that were new t me, s I spent the summer with my head in and ut f that bk. It spke t me and brught me int a wrld f philsphy(哲学).(我13岁的时候，一个叔叔给了我一本Jstein Gaarder的《 Sphie的世界》。书里面的观点对我来说都很新奇，所以我整个夏天都在钻研那本书。它对我说话，把我带入一个哲学的世界。)”可知，Jstein Gaarder为作者打开了通往哲学的大门。故选C。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中“Weiner starts each chapter with a scene n a train ride between cities and then frames each philspher’s wrk in the cntext (背景) f ne thing they can help us d better. The end result is a read in which we learn t wnder like Scrates, see like Threau, listen like Schpenhauer, and have n regrets like Nietzsche. (Weiner在每一章的开头都描述了一个城市之间火车旅行的场景，然后将每一位哲学家的著作框定在一个他们能够帮助我们做得更好的事情上。最终的结果是，我们学会了像苏格拉底一样思考，像梭罗一样看，像叔本华一样听，像尼采一样没有遗憾。)”可知，作者在第四段开头描写了Weiner书的内容，接着作者通过列举了几位伟大的哲学家来描写读完这本书后我们能从中学到的东西，由此可推知，作者列举了几位伟大的哲学家是为了帮助读者理解Weiners的书。故选D。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“This, mre than a bk abut undestanding philsphy, is a bk abur learning t use philsphy t imprve a life.(这不仅仅是一本关于理解哲学的书，更是一本关于学习运用哲学来改善生活的书。)”可知，作者喜欢The Scrates Express这本书，是因为它的思想可以应用到日常生活中。故选B。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“He makes philspical thught an appealing exercise that imprves the quality f ur experiences, and he des s with plenty f humr.(他使哲学思想成为一种有吸引力的练习，可以提高我们经验的质量，而且他在做这件事的时候充满了幽默感。)”可知，Weiners的书很幽默，根据最后一段中“The Scrates Express is a fun, sharp bk that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thughts n desire, lneliness, and aging. (The Scrates Express是一本有趣而尖锐的书，它以其表面上的简单吸引着读者，并逐渐将他们拉进对欲望、孤独和衰老的深层思考中。)”可知，Weiners的书简单易懂，由此可知，Weiners的书既幽默又简单易懂。故选D。
Passage2
【2023年浙江1月卷】A machine can nw nt nly beat yu at chess, it can als utperfrm yu in debate. Last week, in a public debate in San Francisc, a sftware prgram called Prject Debater beat its human ppnents, including Na Ovadia, Israel’s frmer natinal debating champin.
Brilliant thugh it is, Prject Debater has sme weaknesses. It takes sentences frm its library f dcuments and prebuilt arguments and strings them tgether. This can lead t the kinds f errrs n human wuld make. Such wrinkles will n dubt be irned ut, yet they als pint t a fundamental prblem. As Kristian Hammnd, prfessr f electrical engineering and cmputer science at Nrthwestern University, put it: “There’s never a stage at which the system knws what it’s talking abut.”
What Hammnd is referring t is the questin f meaning, and meaning is central t what distinguishes the least intelligent f humans frm the mst intelligent f machines. A cmputer wrks with symbls. Its prgram specifies a set f rules t transfrm ne string f symbls int anther. But it des nt specify what thse symbls mean. Indeed, t a cmputer, meaning is irrelevant. Humans, in thinking, talking, reading and writing, als wrk with symbls. But fr humans, meaning is everything. When we cmmunicate, we cmmunicate meaning. What matters is nt just the utside f a string f symbls, but the inside t, nt just hw they are arranged but what they mean.
Meaning emerges thrugh a prcess f scial interactin, nt f cmputatin, interactin that shapes the cntent f the symbls in ur heads. The rules that assign meaning lie nt just inside ur heads, but als utside, in sciety, in scial memry, scial cnventins and scial relatins. It is this that distinguishes humans frm machines. And that’s why, hwever astnishing Prject Debater may seem, the traditin that began with Scrates and Cnfucius will nt end with artificial intelligence.
28．Why des the authr mentin Na Ovadia in the first paragraph?
A．T explain the use f a sftware prgram.
B．T shw the cleverness f Prject Debater.
C．T intrduce the designer f Prject Debater.
D．T emphasize the fairness f the cmpetitin.
29．What des the underlined wrd “wrinkles” in paragraph 2 refer t?
A．Arguments.B．Dubts.C．Errrs.D．Differences.
30．What is Prject Debater unable t d accrding t Hammnd?
A．Create rules.B．Cmprehend meaning.
C．Talk fluently.D．Identify difficult wrds.
31．What can we learn frm the last paragraph?
A．Scial interactin is key t understanding symbls.
B．The human brain has ptential yet t be develped.
C．Ancient philsphers set gd examples fr debaters.
D．Artificial intelligence ensures humans a bright future.
【答案】28．B 29．C 30．B 31．A
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要介绍的是在辩论中战胜人类的名为Prject Debater的软件程序。
28．推理判断题。根据第一段的“Last week, in a public debate in San Francisc, a sftware prgram called Prject Debater beat its human ppnents, including Na Ovadia, Israel’s frmer natinal debating champin.(上周，在旧金山的一场公开辩论中，一个名为Prject Debater的软件程序击败了它的人类对手，其中包括以色列前全国辩论冠军Na Ovadia。)”可知，作者在第一段提到Na Ovadia的目的是展示Prject Debater的聪明。故选B。
29．词句猜测题。根据第二段的“Brilliant thugh it is, Prject Debater has sme weaknesses. It takes sentences frm its library f dcuments and prebuilt arguments and strings them tgether. This can lead t the kinds f errrs n human wuld make.(尽管Prject Debater很聪明，但它也有一些弱点。它从文档库和预先构建的参数中提取句子，并将它们串在一起。这可能会导致人类不会犯的错误。)”和“will n dubt be irned ut(毫无疑问会被解决)”可知，划线词所在句子表示“这样的错误会被纠正，被解决”，划线词wrinkles的意思是“错误”，和errrs意思相近，故选C。
30．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“What Hammnd is referring t is the questin f meaning, and meaning is central t what distinguishes the least intelligent f humans frm the mst intelligent f machines. A cmputer wrks with symbls. Its prgram specifies a set f rules t transfrm ne string f symbls int anther. But it des nt specify what thse symbls mean. Indeed, t a cmputer, meaning is irrelevant.(Hammnd所指的是意义的问题，而意义是区分最不聪明的人类和最聪明的机器的关键。计算机使用符号。它的程序指定了一组将一串符号转换为另一串符号的规则。但它并没有具体说明这些符号的含义。事实上，对于计算机来说，意义是无关紧要的。)”可知，根据Hammnd的说法，Prject Debater不能理解意义，故选B。
31．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Meaning emerges thrugh a prcess f scial interactin, nt f cmputatin, interactin that shapes the cntent f the symbls in ur heads. The rules that assign meaning lie nt just inside ur heads, but als utside, in sciety, in scial memry, scial cnventins and scial relatins.(意义的产生是通过社会互动的过程，而不是计算的过程，这种互动塑造了我们头脑中符号的内容。赋予意义的规则不仅存在于我们的头脑中，也存在于社会之外，存在于社会记忆、社会习俗和社会关系中。)”可知，从最后一段我们能了解到社会互动是理解符号的关键。故选A。
2022年阅读理解新闻报道
Passage1
【2022年全国乙卷】In 1916, tw girls f wealthy families, best friends frm Auburn, N. Y.—Drthy Wdruff and Rsamnd Underwd—traveled t a settlement in the Rcky Muntains t teach in a ne-rm schlhuse. The girls had gne t Smith Cllege. They wre expensive clthes. S fr them t mve t Elkhead, Cl. t instruct the children whse shes were held tgether with string was a surprise. Their stay in Elkhead is the subject f Nthing Daunted: The Unexpected Educatin f Tw Sciety Girls in the West by Drthy Wickenden, wh is a magazine editr and Drthy Wdruff’s granddaughter.
Why did they g then? Well, they wanted t d smething useful. Sn, hwever, they realized what they had undertaken.
They mved in with a lcal family, the Harrisns, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket f snw n their quilt when they wke up in the mrning. Sme mrnings, Rsamnd and Drthy wuld arrive at the schlhuse t find the children weeping frm the cld. In spring, the snw was replaced by mud ver ice.
In Wickenden’s bk, she expanded n the histry f the West and als n feminism, which f curse influenced the girls’ decisin t g t Elkhead. A hair-raising sectin cncerns the building f the railrads, which entailed (牵涉) drilling thrugh the Rckies, ften in blinding snwstrms. The bk ends with Rsamnd and Drthy’s return t Auburn.
Wickenden is a very gd stryteller. The sweep f the land and the sticism (坚忍) f the peple mve her t sme beautiful writing. Here is a picture f Drthy Wdruff, n her hrse, lking dwn frm a hill tp: “When the sun slipped behind the muntains, it shed a rsy glw all arund them. Then a full mn rse. The snw was marked nly by small animals: fxes, cytes, mice, and varying hares, which turned white in the winter.”
4. Why did Drthy and Rsamnd g t the Rcky Muntains?
A. T teach in a schl.B. T study American histry.
C. T write a bk.D. T d sightseeing.
5. What can we learn abut the girls frm paragraph 3?
A. They enjyed much respect.B. They had a rm with a bathtub.
C They lived with the lcal kids.D. They suffered severe hardships.
6. Which part f Wickenden’s writing is hair-raising?
A. The extreme climate f Auburn.B. The living cnditins in Elkhead.
C. The railrad building in the Rckies.D. The natural beauty f the West.
7. What is the text?
A. A news reprt.B. A bk review.C. A children’s stry.D. A diary entry.
【答案】4. A 5. D 6. C 7. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇书评。本文简要介绍了Drthy Wickenden的书籍并对其进行了评价。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“In 1916, tw girls f wealthy families, best friends frm Auburn, Wdruff and Rsamnd Underwd -traveled t a settlement in the Rcky Muntains t teach in a ne-rm schlhuse. (1916年，来自纽约奥本市的两个富裕家庭的女孩——Drthy Wdruff和Rsamnd Underwd——来到落基山脉的一个定居点，在一间只有一个房间的学校教书。)”可知，Drthy和Rsamnd去落基山脉是为了去学校里教书。故选A项。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“They mved in with a lcal family, the Harrisns, and like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket f snw n their quilt when they wke up in the mrning.(他们和一个当地家庭，哈里森一家一起搬进去，和他们一样，几乎没有隐私，很少洗澡，早上醒来时被子上覆盖着一层雪。)”以及“In spring, the snw was replaced by mud ver ice.(在春天，雪被泥替代覆盖在冰上。)”可知，女孩们的生活条件非常艰苦，她们饱受磨难。故选D项。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“A hair-raising sectin cncerns the building f the railrads, which entailed drilling thrugh the Rckies, ften in blinding snwstrms.(令人毛骨悚然的一段与铁路建设有关，这涉及到在令人眩目的暴风雪中钻穿落基山脉。)”可知，Wickenden的作品中涉及落基山脉的铁路建设这一部分是令人毛骨悚然的。故选C项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The bk ends with Rsamnd and Drthy’s return t Auburn.(这本书以Rsamnd和Drthy回到奥本结束。)”以及最后一段“Wickenden is a very gd stryteller. The sweep f the land and the sticism f the peple mve her t sme beautiful writing.( Wickenden是个很好的讲故事的人。大地的辽阔和人们的坚忍使她创作出了一些美丽的作品。)”可知，本文简要介绍了Wickenden的书籍内容，并对其进行了评价，所以文本是一篇书评。故选B项。
2020年阅读理解新闻报道
Passage1
【2020年新课标Ⅲ】When “Rise f the Planet f the Apes” was first shwn t the public last mnth, a grup f excited animal activists gathered n Hllywd Bulevard. But they weren’t there t thrw red paint n fur-cat-wearing film stars. Instead, ne activist, dressed in a full-bdy mnkey suit, had arrived with a sign praising the filmmakers: “Thanks fr nt using real apes (猿)!”
The creative team behind “Apes” used mtin-capture (动作捕捉) technlgy t create digitalized animals, spending tens f millins f dllars n technlgy that recrds an actr’s perfrmance and later prcesses it with cmputer graphics t create a final image (图像). In this case, ne f a realistic-lking ape.
Yet “Apes” is mre exceptin than the rule. In fact, Hllywd has been ht n live animals lately. One nnprfit rganizatin, which mnitrs the treatment f animals in filmed entertainment, is keeping tabs n mre than 2,000 prductins this year. Already, a number f films, including “Water fr Elephants,” “The Hangver Part Ⅱ” and “Zkeeper,” have drawn the anger f activists wh say the creatures acting in them haven’t been treated prperly.
In sme cases, it’s nt s much the treatment f the animals n set in the studi that has activists wrried; it’s the ff-set training and living cnditins that are raising cncerns. And there are questins abut the films made utside the States, which smetimes are nt mnitred as clsely as prductins filmed in the States.
24. Why did the animal activists gather n Hllywd Bulevard?
A. T see famus film stars.
B. T ppse wearing fur cats.
C. T raise mney fr animal prtectin.
D. T express thanks t sme filmmakers.
25. What des paragraph 2 mainly talk abut?
A. The cst f making “Apes.”
B. The creatin f digitalized apes.
C. The publicity abut “Apes.”
D. The perfrmance f real apes.
26. What des the underlined phrase “keeping tabs n” in paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A. Listing cmpletely.
B. Directing prfessinally.
C. Prmting successfully.
D. Watching carefully.
27. What can we infer frm the last paragraph abut animal actrs?
A. They may be badly treated.
B. They shuld take further training.
C. They culd be traded illegally
D. They wuld lse ppularity.
【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了电影“猩球崛起”上个月首次与公众见面。动物爱好者聚集在好莱坞前，感谢电影制作者，在电影拍摄时，没有使用真的类人猿。现在的动物拍摄使用的是数字化人猿的创造技术，而一些电影的拍摄却存在着虐地动物的现象，这让一个非盈利的组织密切关注此事。但有些拍摄也是不能够被监测到的。
24. 细节理解题。根据第一段“Instead, ne activist ,dressed in a full -bdy mnkey suit ,had arrived with a sign praising the filmmakers:“Thanks fr nt using real apes”可知，相反，一名身穿全套猴服的活动人士来到现场，手里拿着一块牌子，称赞电影制作人:“感谢你们不用真正的猿猴。所以动物保护者聚集在好莱坞大道是为了向电影制作者表示感谢。故选D项。
25. 主旨大意题。根据第二段“The creative team behind "Apes" used mtin-capture (动作捕捉) technlgy t create digitalized animals, spending tens f millins f dllars n technlgy that I recrds an actr’s perfrmance and later prcesses it with cmputer graphics t create a final image (图像). ”可知，“人猿”背后的创作团队利用动作捕捉技术创造数字化的动物，在记录演员表演的技术上，花费数千万美元，然后用电脑图形处理，以产生最终的影像。由此可知，第二段主要是关于数字化人猿的创造。故选B项。
26. 词句猜测题。根据第三段划线前的句子“One nnprfit rganizatin, which mnitrs the treatment r animals in filmed entertainment”（一个非营利组织，监控动物在电影娱乐中的待遇）以及下文Already, a number f films, including "Water fr Elephants," "The Hangver Part Ⅱ" and "Zkeeper," have drawn the anger f activists wh say the creatures acting in them haven’t been treated prperly.（许多电影,包括“大象的眼泪”,“宿醉Ⅱ”和“管理员”,引起了动物保护人士的愤怒，他们说影片中的动物没有遭到很好的对待。）由此可知，其中一家监控动物待遇的非营利组织，今年正密切关注着2000多部影片。由此判断出，划线词的意思是“密切关注”。故选D项。
27. 推理判断题。根据最后一段In sme cases, it’s nt s much the treatment f the animals n set in the studi that has activists wrried; it’s the ff-set training and living cnditins that are raising cncerns. And there are questins abut the films made utside the States, which smetimes are nt mnitred as clsely as prductins filmed in the Sates.”（在某些情况下，让活动人士担心的并不是电影棚里对动物的待遇;让人担忧的是训练和生活条件。还有一些关于在美国以外拍摄的电影的问题，这些电影有时不像在美国拍摄的电影那样受到严密的监控。）可知，在某些情况下，让活动人士担心的并不是工作室里动物的待遇;令人担忧的是训练和生活条件。由此判断出动物演员可能受到虐待。故选A项。
Passage2
【2020年新课标Ⅲ】 With the yung unable t affrd t leave hme and the ld at risk f islatin(孤独), mre families are chsing t live tgether.
The drway t peace and quiet, fr Nick Bright at least, leads straight t his mther-in-law, she lives n the grund flr, while he lives upstairs with his wife and their tw daughters.
Fur years ag they all mved int a three-strey Victrian huse in Bristl - ne f a grwing number f multigeneratinal families in the UK living tgether under the same rf. They share a frnt dr and a washing machine, but Rita Whitehead has her wn kitchen, bathrm, bedrm and living rm n the grund flr.
“We flated the idea t my mum f sharing at a huse,” says Kathryn Whitehead. Rita cuts in: “We spke mre with Nick because I think it’s a big thing fr Nick t live with his mther-in-law.”
And what des Nick think? “Frm my standpint, it all seems t wrk very well. Wuld I recmmend it? Yes, I think I wuld.”
It’s hard t tell exactly hw many peple agree with him, but research indicates that the numbers have been rising fr sme time. Official reprts suggest that the number f husehlds with three generatins living tgether had risen frm 325,000 in 2001t 419,000 in 2013.
Other varieties f multigeneratinal family are mre cmmn. Sme peple live with their elderly parents; many mre adult children are returning t the family hme, if they ever left. It is said that abut 20% f 25-34-year-lds live with their parents, cmpared with 16% in 1991.The ttal number f all multigeneratinal husehlds in Britain is thught t be abut 1.8 millin.
Stries like that are mre cmmn in parts f the wrld where multigeneratinal living is mre firmly rted. In India, particularly utside cities, yung wmen are expected t mve in with their husband’s family when they get married.
28. Wh mainly uses the grund flr in the Victrian huse in Bristl?
A. Nick.B. Rita.C. KathrynD. The daughters.
29. What is Nick’s attitude twards sharing the huse with his mther-in -law?
A. Psitive.B. Carefree.C. Tlerant.D. Unwilling.
30. What is the authr’s statement abut multigeneratinal family based n?
A. Family traditins.B. Financial reprts.C. Published statistics.D. Public pinins.
31. What is the text mainly abut?
A. Lifestyles in different cuntries.B. Cnflicts between generatins.
C. A husing prblem in Britain.D. A rising trend f living in the UK.
【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了在英国，由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用，而老年人又面临着被孤立的风险，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起，出现了多世同堂的现象。
28. 细节理解题。根据第三段“ but Rita Whitehead has her wn kitchen, bathrm, bedrm and living rm n the grund flr.”可知，但Rita在一楼有自己的厨房、浴室、卧室和客厅。由此可知，Rita 在布里斯托尔的维多利亚式住宅中使用一楼。故选B项。
29. 推理判断题。根据第五段“And what des Nick think? “Frm my standpint, it all seems t wrk very well. Wuld I recmmend it? Yes, I think I wuld.”可知，尼克是怎么想的?“从我的角度来看，一切都很顺利。我推荐它吗?是的，我想我会推荐在一起居住的。”由此判断出，尼克对和和岳母合住房子的态度是积极的。故选A项。
30. 细节理解题。根据第六段“ Official reprts suggest that the number f husehlds with three generatins living tgether had risen frm 325,000 in 2002 t 419,000 in 2013.”官方报告显示，三代同堂的家庭数量从2002年的32.5万户增加到2013年的41.9万户。根据第七段“It is said that abut 20% f 25-34-year-lds live with their parents, cmpared with 16% in 1991.The ttal number f all multigeneratinal husehlds in Britain is thught t be abut 1.8 millin.”可知，据说，25-34岁的年轻人中有20%和父母住在一起，而1991年这一比例为16%。据估计，英国多代同堂的家庭总数约为180万。由此可知，作者关于多世同堂家庭的论述基于发布的统计数据。故选C项。
31. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段“With the yung unable t affrd t leave hme and the ld at risk f islatin(孤独), mre families are chsing t live tgether.”可知，由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用，而老年人又面临着被孤立的风险，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起。所以短文主要是关于英国生活方式的一种上升趋势。故选D项。
Passage 3
【2020年新高考全国Ⅰ 卷（山东卷）】In the mid-1990s, Tm Bissell taught English as a vlunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven mnths, physically brken and having lst his mind. A few years later, still attracted t the cuntry, he returned t Uzbekistan t write an article abut the disappearance f the Aral Sea.
His visit, hwever, ended up invlving a lt mre than that. Hence this bk, Chasing the Sea: Lst Amng the Ghsts f Empire in Central Asia, which talks abut a rad trip frm Tashkent t Karakalpakstan, where millins f lives have been destryed by the slw drying up f the sea. It is the stry f an American travelling t a strange land, and f the peple he meets n his way: Rustam, his translatr, a lvely 24-year-ld wh picked up his clrful English in Califrnia, Oleg and Natasha, his hsts in Tashkent, and a string f freign aid wrkers.
This is a quick lk at life in Uzbekistan, made f friendliness and warmth, but als its darker side f sciety. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wnders, while n his way t Bukhara he gets a taste f plice methds when suspected f drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a muntain funeral(葬礼)fllwed by a strange drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust strms, diseases and fishing bats stuck miles frm the sea.
Mr Bissell skillfully rganizes histrical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well-runded picture f Uzbekistan, seen frm Western eyes. His judgment and references are decidedly American, as well as his delicate stmach. As the authr explains, this is neither a travel nr a histry bk, r even a piece f reprtage. Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid descriptin f the purest f Central Asian traditins.
8. What made Mr Bissell return t Uzbekistan?
A. His friends' invitatin.B. His interest in the cuntry.
C. His lve fr teaching.D. His desire t regain health.
9. What des the underlined wrd “that” in paragraph 2 refer t?
A. Develping a serius mental disease.
B. Taking a guided tur in Central Asia.
C. Wrking as a vlunteer in Uzbekistan.
D. Writing an article abut the Aral Sea.
10. Which f the fllwing best describes Mr Bissell's rad trip in Uzbekistan?
A. Rmantic.B. Eventful.C. Pleasant.D. Dangerus.
11. What is the purpse f this text?
A. T intrduce a bk.B. T explain a cultural phenmenn.
C. T remember a writer.D. T recmmend a travel destinatin.
【解析】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了Bissell写的《追逐大海:迷失在中亚帝国的幽灵》这本书。这本书是Bissell在乌兹别克斯坦做志愿者后写的，是对乌兹别克斯坦人生活的一个快速观察。
8. 细节理解题。根据第一段的”A few years later, still attracted t the cuntry. he returned t Uzbekistan t write an article abut the disappearance f the Ara Sea”可知，几年后，Bissell仍然被这个国家所吸引。他回到乌兹别克斯坦写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章。因此推断出对这个国家的兴趣让Bissell先生再次返回乌兹别克斯坦。故选B。
9. 词句猜测题。划线句是第二段首句，that用来指代上文提的事情，因此推断that指代第一段的内容，根据第一段最后一句”A few years later, still attracted t the cuntry, he returned t Uzbekistan t write an article abut the disappearance f the Aral Sea(几年后，仍然被这个国家所吸引。他回到乌兹别克斯坦写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章)”可知，that指代写了一篇关于死海消失的文章这件事，故选D。
10. 推理判断题。根据第三段”This is a quick lk at life in Uzbekistan, made f friendliness and warmth, but als its darker side f sciety. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wnders, while n his way t Bukhara he gets a taste f plice methds when suspected f drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a muntain funeral(葬礼)fllwed by a strange drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust strms, diseases and fishing bats stuck miles frm the sea.”可知，在乌兹别克斯坦的旅途中，Mr Bissell既体会到了友善和温暖，也看到了社会的黑暗面。在撒马尔罕，Mr Bissell欣赏到了的建筑奇观。在前往布哈拉的路上，他因为被怀疑进行毒品交易，他尝到了警察的伎俩。在费尔干纳，他参加了一个山区葬礼，然后参加了一个奇怪的酒会。在卡拉卡尔帕克斯坦，他为沙尘暴、疾病和被困在数英里外的渔船而难过。由此可知，在旅途中，他经历了很多事情。结合选项，B选项(充满事件的，多事的)可以表达此意。故选B。
11. 推理判断题。文章第一段提到书的作者的乌兹别克斯坦之行，引出他写的书，接下来三段讲述了他的书《追逐大海:迷失在中亚帝国的幽灵》的故事内容，是乌兹别克斯坦生活的一个快速观察。因此推断本文的写作目的是介绍一本书。故选A。
Passage 4
【2020年新高考全国Ⅱ 卷（海南卷）】In May 1987 the Glden Gate Bridge had a 50th birthday party. The bridge was clsed t mtr traffic s peple culd enjy a walk acrss it. Organizers expected perhaps 50,000 peple t shw up. Instead, as many as 800, 000 crwded the rads t the bridge. By the time 250,000 were n the bridge, engineers nticed smething terrible：the radway was flattening under what turned ut t be the heaviest lad it had ever been asked t carry. Wrse, it was beginning t sway（晃动）. The authrities clsed access t the bridge and tens f thusands f peple made their way back t land. A disaster was avided.
The stry is ne f scres in T Frgive Design：Understanding Failure, a bk that is at nce a lve letter t engineering and a paean（赞歌）t its breakdwns. Its authr, Dr. Henry Petrski, has lng been writing abut disasters. In this bk, he includes the lss f the space shuttles（航天飞机）Challenger and Clumbia, and the sinking f the Titanic.
Thugh he acknwledges that engineering wrks can fail because the persn wh thught them up r engineered them simply gt things wrng, in this bk Dr. Petrski widens his view t cnsider the larger cntext in which such failures ccur. Smetimes devices fail because a gd design is cnstructed with lw quality materials incmpetently applied. Or perhaps a design wrks s well it is adpted elsewhere again and again, with seemingly harmless imprvements, until, suddenly, it des nt wrk at all anymre.
Readers will encunter nt nly stries they have heard befre, but sme new stries and a mving discussin f the respnsibility f the engineer t the public and the ways yung engineers can be helped t grasp them.
"Success is success but that is all that it is," Dr. Petrski writes. It is failure that brings imprvement.
8. What happened t the Glden Gate Bridge n its 50th birthday?
A. It carried mre weight than it culd.
B. It swayed vilently in a strng wind
C. Its radway was damaged by vehicles
D. Its access was blcked by many peple.
9. Which f the fllwing is Dr Petrski's idea accrding t paragraph 3?
A. N design is well received everywhere
B. Cnstructin is mre imprtant than design.
C. Nt all disasters are caused by engineering design
D. Imprvements n engineering wrks are necessary.
10. What des the last paragraph suggest?
A. Failure can lead t prgress.B. Success results in vercnfidence
C. Failure shuld be avided.D. Success cmes frm jint effrts.
11. What is the text?
A. A news reprtB. A shrt stry.
C. A bk reviewD. A research article.
【答案】8. A 9. C 10. A 11. C
【解析】这是一篇书评。主要讲述了对彼得罗斯基博士的书《原谅设计：理解失败》的评论，工程设计可能会因为某些原因带来失败，但失败才能带来进步。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“In May 1987 the Glden Gate Bridge had a 50th birthday party. The bridge was clsed t mtr traffic s peple culd enjy a walk acrss it. Organizers expected perhaps 50,000 peple t shw up. Instead, as many as 800, 000 crwded the rads t the bridge. By the time 250,000 were n the bridge, engineers nticed smething terrible：the radway was flattening under what turned ut t be the heaviest lad it had ever been asked t carry. Wrse, it was beginning t sway”可以看出，1987年5月，金门大桥举行了一个50岁生日聚会。这座桥禁止机动车通行，人们可以在桥上散步。组织者预计将有5万人到场。相反，多达80万人挤满了通往大桥的道路。当25万人在桥上时，工程师们注意到了一个可怕的现象：路面在被要求承载的最重荷载作用下变得平了。更糟的是，它开始晃动。因此可以看出，金门大桥50岁生日那天，它的重量超过了它的承受能力。故选A。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Thugh he acknwledges that engineering wrks can fail because the persn wh thught them up r engineered them simply gt things wrng, in this bk Dr. Petrski widens his view t cnsider the larger cntext in which such failures ccur. Smetimes devices fail because a gd design is cnstructed with lw quality materials incmpetently applied. Or perhaps a design wrks s well it is adpted elsewhere again and again, with seemingly harmless imprvements, until, suddenly, it des nt wrk at all anymre.”可知，虽然他承认工程设计可能会因为那些想出或设计它们的人只是把事情弄错了失败，但在这本书中，彼得罗斯基博士拓宽了他的视野，考虑了这种失败发生的更大背景。有时，由于一个好的设计是用不合格的低质量材料建造的，所以装置会失败。或者，一个设计工作得如此好，以至于在其他地方一次又一次地被采用，用似乎是无害的改进，直到突然间，它完全不起作用了。因此可以推测出，根据第三段，不是所有的灾难都是由工程设计引起的是彼得罗斯基博士的想法。故选C。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的 “It is failure that brings imprvement.”可知，失败才能带来进步。因此可以看出，A项与此相呼应，即失败能带来进步，故选A。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“The stry is ne f scres in T Frgive Design：Understanding Failure, a bk that is at nce a lve letter t engineering and a paean（赞歌）t its breakdwns.”可知，这个故事是《原谅设计：理解失败》一书中的一个，这本书既是对工程的一封情书，也是对其崩溃的赞歌。并且后面两段都在写这本书里的内容以及评价，再根据倒数第二段的“Readers will encunter nt nly stries they have heard befre, but sme new stries and a mving discussin f the respnsibility f the engineer t the public and the ways yung engineers can be helped t grasp them.”可知，读者不仅会遇到他们以前听过的故事，还会遇到一些新的故事和关于工程师对公众的责任以及如何帮助年轻工程师掌握它们的动人讨论。再结合最后一段“It is failure that brings imprvement.”可知，失败才能带来进步。因此可以推测出，这些内容都是关于这本书的评论，因为这篇文章是书评，故选C。
2019年阅读理解新闻报道
Passage1
【2019年浙江卷6月】Mney with n strings attached. It’s nt smething yu see every day. But at Unin Statin in Ls Angeles last mnth, a bard went up with dllar bills attached t it with pins and a sign that read, "Give What Yu Can, Take What Yu Need."
Peple quickly caught n. And while many tk dllars, many thers pinned their wn cash t the bard. “Peple f all ages, races, and sci-ecnmic(社会经济的)backgrunds gave and tk, ”said Tyler Bridges f The Tlbx, which created the prject. "We even had a bride in her wedding dress cme up t the bard and take a few dllars." Mst f the bills n the bard were singles, but a few peple left fives, tens and even twenties. The vide clip(片段)shws ne man wh had fund a $ 20 bill pinning it t the bard.
“What I can say fr the flks that gave the mst, is that they were full f smiles,” Bridges said. “There’s a certain feeling that giving can d fr yu and that was apparent in thse that gave the mst." Mst peple wh tk dllars tk nly a few, but Bridges said a very small number tk as much as they culd.
While the clip might lk like part f a new ad campaign, Bridges said the nly gal was t shw genersity and sympathy. He added that he hpes peple in ther cities might try similar prjects and pst their wn vides n the Internet.
“After all, everyne has bad days and gd days," he said. “Sme days yu need a helping hand and sme days yu can be the ne giving the helping hand.”
24. What des the expressin "mney with n strings attached" in paragraph 1 mean?
A. Mney spent withut hesitatin.
B. Mney nt legally made.
C. Mney ffered withut cnditins.
D. Mney nt tied tgether.
25. What did Bridges want t shw by mentining the bride?
A. Wmen tended t be mre sciable.
B. The activity attracted varius peple.
C. Ecnmic prblems were getting wrse.
D. Yung cuples needed financial assistance.
26. Why did Bridges carry ut the prject?
A. T d a test n peple’s mrals.
B. T raise mney fr his cmpany.
C. T earn himself a gd reputatin.
D. T prmte kindness and sympathy.
【语篇解读】这是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了上个月在洛杉矶的联合车站,一块牌子上别针别满了美元，上面写着“给予你所能给与的，拿走你所需要的”。这样的活动吸引了各种各样的人，组织者希望通过这样的活动来提倡仁慈和同情。
24.C 【解析】词义猜测题。由第一段“But at Unin Statin in Ls Angeles last mnth, a bard went up with dllar bills attached t it with pins and a sign that read, "Give What Yu Can, Take What Yu Need.”可知，但是上个月在洛杉矶的联合车站，一块牌子上别针别满了美元，上面写着“给予你所能给与的，拿走你所需要的”。所以通过下文的语境，判断出第1段中的mney with n strings attached是“无条件提供的钱”的意思。故B选项正确。
25.B 【解析】推理判断题。由第二段““Peple f all ages, races, and sci-ecnmic（社会经济的）backgrunds gave and tk, ”said Tyler Bridges f The Tlbx, which created the prject. "We even had a bride in her wedding dress cme up t the bard and take a few dllars.”可知，发起该项活动的泰勒·布里奇斯说:“所有年龄、种族和社会经济背景的人都会付出和索取。”甚至有一位穿着婚纱的新娘来到了牌子前，拿走了一些钱。所以通过泰勒·布里奇斯所说的，可以判断出，他提到新娘就是想说明这项活动吸引了各种各样的人。故B选项正确。
26.D 【解析】细节理解题。由倒数第二段“While the clip might lk like part f a new ad campaign, Bridges said the nly gal was t shw genersity and sympathy”可知，尽管这段视频看起来像是一项新的广告活动的一部分，但是布里奇斯说这次活动唯一的目标是表现出慷慨和同情。所以布里奇斯实施这个活动是为了提倡仁慈和同情。故D选项正确。
2018年阅读理解新闻报道
Passage1
【2018年全国Ⅲ卷】While famus freign architects are invited t lead the designs f landmark buildings in China such as the new CCTV twer and the Natinal Center fr the Perfrming Arts, many excellent Chinese architects are making great effrts t take the center stage.
Their effrts have been prven fruitful. Wang Shu, a 49-year-ld Chinese architect, wn the 2012 Pritzker Architecture Prize — which is ften referred t as the Nbel Prize in architecture — n February 28. He is the first Chinese citizen t win this award.
Wang serves as head f the Architecture Department at the China Academy f Art (CAA). His ffice is lcated at the Xiangshan campus(校园) f the university in Hangzhu, Zhejiang Prvince. Many buildings n the campus are his riginal creatins.
The style f the campus is quite different frm that f mst Chinese universities. Many visitrs were amazed by the cmplex architectural space and abundant building types. The curves(曲线) f the buildings perfectly match the rise and fall f hills, frming a unique view.
Wang cllected mre than 7 millin abandned bricks f different ages. He asked the wrkers t use traditinal techniques t make the bricks int walls, rfs and crridrs. This creatin attracted a lt f attentin thanks t its mixture f mdern and traditinal Chinese elements(元素).
Wang’s wrks shw a deep understanding f mdern architecture and a gd knwledge f traditins. Thrugh such a balance, he had created a new type f Chinese architecture, said Tada And, the winner f the 1995 Pritzker Prize.
Wang believes traditins shuld nt be sealed in glass bxes at museums. "That is nly evidence that traditins nce existed," he said.
"Many Chinese peple have a misunderstanding f traditins. They think traditin means ld things frm the past. In fact, traditin als refers t the things that have been develping and that are still being created, " he said.
"Tday, many Chinese peple are learning Western styles and theries rather than fcusing n Chinese traditins. Many peple tend t talk abut traditins withut knwing what they really are, " said Wang.
The study f traditins shuld be cmbined with practice. Otherwise, the recreatin f traditins wuld be artificial and empty, he said.
28. Wang’s winning f the prize means that Chinese architects are ___________.
A. fllwing the latest wrld trend
B. getting internatinal recgnitin
C. wrking harder than ever befre
D. relying n freign architects
29. What impressed visitrs t the CAA Xiangshan campus mst?
A. Its hilly envirnment.
B. Its large size.
C. Its unique style.
D. Its diverse functins.
30. What made Wang’s architectural design a success?
A. The mixture f different shapes.
B. The balance f East and West.
C. The use f ppular techniques.
D. The harmny f ld and new.
31. What shuld we d abut Chinese traditins accrding t Wang?
A. Spread them t the wrld. B. Preserve them at museums.
C. Teach them in universities. D. Recreate them in practice.
【答案】28. B 29. C 30. D 31. D
【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了中国建筑设计师王澍在其作品中融合中国传统建筑文化，获得了建筑界的诺贝尔奖——普利策奖，这让中国建筑现在得到了国际认可。
28. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段的内容可知，王澍获得2012年普利策奖，而普利策奖相当于建筑界的诺贝尔奖，他是第一个获此奖的中国人，故推知中国建筑现在得到了国际认可。故B项正确。
29. 细节理解题。根据文章第四段对CAA校园的描述可知，它的设计风格独特，与大多数中国大学的校园很不同，许多游客感对复杂的建筑空间和丰富的建筑类型感到吃惊，故C正确。
30. 细节理解题。根据文章第六段1995年普利策奖的获得者Tada And的评语可知，王澍设计的成功之处是把中国传统元素融入现代设计，并保持两者的和谐，故D正确。
31. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段和倒数第三段中In fact, traditin als refers t the things that have been develping and that are still being created可知，传统的研究要与实践相结合，在实践中进行再创造，否则就会是人工的和空的，故D正确。
【点睛】根据事实细节，推断合理信息。推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，作出一定判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可是某几句话，但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。也就是说，要做到判断有据, 推论有理，忠实原文。切忌用自己的观点代替作者的本意，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论。
此题的第一小题和第四小题为推理判断题。第1题根据第二段第二句可知Wang Shu 获得2012年普利策奖，相当于建筑界的诺贝尔奖，再根据第三句他是第一个获此奖的中国人可知，中国建筑现在得到了国际认可，因得到认可才能获奖。此题的解题关键时根据原文的两个信息句进行的判断，而ACD原文中没有提及。
2017年阅读理解新闻报道
Passage1
【2017年新课标Ⅰ卷】Sme f the wrld’s mst famus musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans t celebrate the first annual Internatinal Jazz Day. UNESCO(United Natins Educatinal, Scientific and Cultural Organizatin) recently set April 30 as a day t raise awareness f jazz music, its significance, and its ptential as a unifying(联合) vice acrss cultures.
Despite the celebratins, thugh, in the U.S. the jazz audience cntinues t shrink and grw lder, and the music has failed t cnnect with yunger generatins.
It’s Jasn Mran’s jb t help change that. As the Kennedy Center’s artistic adviser fr jazz, Mran hpes t widen the audience fr jazz, make the music mre accessible, and preserve its histry and culture.
＂Jazz seems like it’s nt really a part f the American appetite,＂ Mran tells Natinal Public Radi’s reprter Neal Cnan. ＂What I’m hping t accmplish is that my generatin and yunger start t recnsider and understand that jazz is nt black and white anymre. It’s actually clr, and it’s actually digital.＂
Mran says ne f the prblems with jazz tday is that the entertainment aspect f the music has been lst.
＂The music can’t be presented tday the way it was in 1908 r 1958. It has t cntinue t mve, because the way the wrld wrks is nt the same,＂ says Mran.
Last year, Mran wrked n a prject that arranged Fats Waller’s music fr a dance party, ＂just t kind f put it back in the mind that Waller is dance music as much as it is cncert music,＂ says Mran. ＂Fr me, it’s the recntextualizatin. In music, where des the emtin(情感) lie? Are we, as humans, gaining any insight(感悟) n hw t talk abut urselves and hw smething as abstract as a Charlie Parker recrd gets us int a dialgue abut ur emtins and ur thughts? Smetimes we lse sight that the music has a wider cntext,＂ says Mran, ＂s I want t cntinue thse dialgues. Thse are the things I want t fster.＂
28. Why did UNESCO set April 30 as Internatinal Jazz Day?
A. T remember the birth f jazz.
B. T prtect cultural diversity.
C. T encurage peple t study music.
D. T recgnize the value f jazz.
29. What des the underlined wrd ＂that＂ in paragraph 3 refer t?
A. Jazz becming mre accessible.
B. The prductin f jazz grwing faster.
C. Jazz being less ppular with the yung.
D. The jazz audience becming larger.
30. What can we infer abut Mran’s pinin n jazz?
A. It will disappear gradually.
B. It remains black and white.
C. It shuld keep up with the times.
D. It changes every 50 years.
31. Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A. Explring the Future f Jazz
B. The Rise and Fall f Jazz
C. The Stry f a Jazz Musician
D. Celebrating the Jazz Day
【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道。为提高人们对于爵士乐的重视程度，UNESCO把4月30日定为国际爵士日，然而这一行为还是没能挽救爵士乐。Jasn Mran认为时代在进步，为了将老一代人和年轻一代人连接起来，爵士乐也应该不断进步。
28. D 细节理解题。根据第一段中的UNESCO( United Natins Educatinal, Scientific and Cultural Organizatin) recently set April 30 as a day t raise awareness f jazz music, its significance, and its ptential as a unifying(联合) vice acrss cultures.可知UNESCO把4月30日定为国际爵士日是为了让人们重视爵士乐，意识到它的重要性以及它作为连接各文化的纽带之声的潜在功能，也就是为了让人们意识到爵士乐的价值。故选D。
29. C 推理判断题。根据前文Despite the celebratins, thugh, in the U.S. the jazz audience cntinues t shrink and grw lder, and the music has failed t cnnect with yunger generatins可知尽管UNESCO为爵士乐设了纪念日，但美国的爵士乐听众依然在减少，并且年龄在老化，爵士乐没能将年轻一代人连接起来。再结合It’s Jasn Mran’s jb t help change that(Jasn Mran的工作帮助改变了那一情况)可推测that指代的是前文中爵士乐在年轻一代人中失去吸引力的现象。故选C。
30. C 细节理解题。根据第五段中的The music can’t be presented tday the way it was in 1908 r 1958. It has t cntinue t mve, because the way the wrld wrks is nt the same可知Mran认为现在爵士乐不能以1908或1958年的方式来呈现，因为世界已经不同了，所以爵士乐必须不断进步，说明随着时代的发展，爵士乐也要跟上时代才不会被年轻一代所抛弃。故选C。
31. A 标题选择题。通读全文可知本文主要讲UNESCO为提高人们对爵士乐的重视而设立爵士日，但实际收效甚微。有人认为爵士乐应随着时代的进步而进步，否则它将失去对人们的吸引力，因此本文主要是探索爵士乐的未来，故选A。
Passage 2
【2017年天津卷】This mnth, Germany’s transprt minister, Alexander Dbrindt, prpsed the first set f rules fr autnmus vehicles(自主驾驶车辆). They wuld define the driver’s rle in such cars and gvern hw such cars perfrm in crashes where lives might be lst.
The prpsal attempts t deal with what sme call the “death valley” f autnmus vehicles: the grey area between semi-autnmus and fully driverless cars that culd delay the driverless future.
Dbrindt wants three things: that a car always chses prperty(财产) damage ver persnal injury; that it never distinguishes between humans based n age r race; and that if a human remves his r her hands frm the driving wheel — t check email, say — the car’s maker is respnsible if there is a crash.
“The change t the rad traffic law will permit fully autmatic driving,” says Dbrindt. It will put fully driverless cars n an equal legal fting t human drivers, he says.
Wh is respnsible fr the peratin f such vehicles is nt clear amng car makers, cnsumers and lawyers. “The liability(法律责任) issue is the biggest ne f them all,” says Natasha Merat at the University f Leeds, UK.
An assumptin behind UK insurance fr driverless cars, intrduced earlier this year, insists that a human “be watchful and mnitring the rad” at every mment.
But that is nt what many peple have in mind when thinking f driverless cars. “When yu say ‘driverless cars’, peple expect driverless cars.” Merat says. “Yu knw — n driver.”
Because f the cnfusin, Merat thinks sme car makers will wait until vehicles can be fully autmated withut human peratin.
Driverless cars may end up being a frm f public transprt rather than vehicles yu wn, says Ryan Cal at Stanfrd University, Califrnia. That is happening in the UK and Singapre, where gvernment-prvided driverless vehicles are being launched.
That wuld g dwn prly in the US, hwever. “The idea that the gvernment wuld take ver driverless cars and treat them as a public gd wuld get abslutely nwhere here,” says Cal.
46. What des the phrase “death valley” in Paragraph 2 refer t?
A. A place where cars ften break dwn.
B. A case where passing a law is impssible.
C. An area where n driving is permitted.
D. A situatin where drivers’ rle is nt clear.
47. The prpsal put frward by Dbrindt aims t _____________.
A. stp peple frm breaking traffic rules
B. help prmte fully autmatic driving
C. prtect drivers f all ages and races
D. prevent serius prperty damage
48. What d cnsumers think f the peratin f driverless cars?
A. It shuld get the attentin f insurance cmpanies.
B. It shuld be the main cncern f law makers.
C. It shuld nt cause deadly traffic accidents.
D. It shuld invlve n human respnsibility.
49. Driverless vehicles in public transprt see n bright future in ____________.
A. SingapreB. the UKC. the USD. Germany
50. What culd be the best title fr the passage?
A. Autnmus Driving: Whse Liability?
B. Fully Autmatic Cars: A New Breakthrugh
C. Autnmus Vehicles: Driver Remved!
D. Driverless Cars: Rt f Rad Accidents
【语篇解读】这是一篇新闻报道。文章记叙了德国交通部长对于自主驾驶车辆的规章制度的一个提议，引出说明了位于科技前沿的无人驾驶的自动化车辆在英国、新加坡和美国的不同前景。
46.D 【解析】考查词义猜测。根据第二段的句子the grey area between semi-autnmus and fully driverless cars that culd delay the driverless future可知选D。
47.B 【解析】考查推理判断。根据第二段内容The prpsal attempts t deal with what sme call the “death valley” f autnmus vehicles…可知选B。
48.D 【解析】考查细节理解。根据第六、七、八段内容可知选D。
49.C 【解析】考查细节理解。根据最后一段That wuld g dwn prly in the US, hwever. “The idea that the gvernment wuld take ver driverless cars and treat them as a public gd wuld get abslutely nwhere here,” says Cal.可知选C。
50.A【解析】考查标题归纳。通读全文可以知道，本文主要讲述了谁来对无人驾驶的机动车辆负责。故选A。