2024年中考英语基础知识之英语简单句之否定句和疑问句以及there+be句型课件

这是一份2024年中考英语基础知识之英语简单句之否定句和疑问句以及there+be句型课件，共38页。PPT课件主要包含了一般疑问句，特殊疑问句等内容，欢迎下载使用。
Revisin 复习： I saw a tall by take yur bk just nw.
主 谓 定 宾 宾补 状
常用的英语句子并不都象五种基本句型一样简短，除了基本句型的成分不变外，通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语（mdifier）而加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是单词（主要是形容词、副词和数词），也可以是各种类型的短语（主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语）。
否定句式，疑问句，there be句型中考常见考点
否定句式：陈述句的肯定句式转换成否定句式的技巧1. be + nt （am nt, is nt, are nt, was nt, were nt） The cat is lazy. The cat is nt lazy.2. 情态动词 + nt + 动词原形 （must nt, need nt, can nt, shuld nt, may nt, wuld nt, had better nt） Yu shuld g ut withut a mask. Yu shuld nt g ut withut a mask.3. 助动词will / shall + nt + 动词原形 I will leave. I will nt leave.
4. 助动词have, has, had + nt + 过去分词 Great changes have taken place in ur cuntry. Great changes have nt taken place in ur cuntry.5. 助动词d, des, did + 动词原形 （难点） I have bread fr breakfast. I d nt have bread fr breakfast. He sings very well. He des nt sing very well. They planted several trees n the hill yesterday. They did nt plant several trees n the hill yesterday.
6. 含有n ,never, hardly, seldm, few, little, nbdy, nthing, nne, 等单词或短语的句子，也表否定。 I can hardly carry the bx. = I can nt carry the bx. There is little milk in the glass. = There is nt any / n milk in the glass.7. + 形 / 副 + t d...结构“太……以至于不能……” The by is t yung t take care f himself.8. think, believe, suppse等词引导的宾语从句，且 主句主语为第一人称时，否定前移的用法。 我相信他不会说谎。 I dn't think he will tell lies.
定义：用yes或n作答的疑问句叫一般疑问句。特点：1、以be动词、助动词或情态动词开头； Is yur father a teacher? Des Catherine like animals? Can Jenny speak French?2、往往读升调；3、译成汉语时一般带上“吗”，例如上面三句话。
一般疑问句往往采用简短回答，共由三部分（三个单词）组成，对这三部分（三个单词）的确定可以概括为以下规则： 1. 第一个词：不是Yes就是N。有时根据语气的不同, Yes可由Sure, Certainly, Of curse, n prblem等代替. N可由Srry代替. 2. 第二个词：问谁答谁。 Des she clean her rm every day? Yes, she des. Is Anna′s father a dctr? N, he isn′t. 如果主语是 this that, 回答时用 it 代替, 如果问句中主语these, thse,回答时用they代替。 3.第三个词：用什么问，用什么答。即沿用问句中的首单词。 Can Jim play sccer? Yes, he can./ N, he can't. Des Mr Bean speak English? Yes, he des. / N, he desn't.
具体句式结构：1. be + 主语 + 其他？ The cat is lazy. Is the cat lazy? Yes, it is. / N, it isn't. 2. 情态动词 + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？ He shuld g ut withut a mask. Shuld he g ut withut a mask? Yes, he shuld. / N, he shuldn't.
注意：用 may 引导的问句，肯定回答用may，否定回答用 can′t 或mustn′t； May I g t the park nw? Yes, yu may. /N, yu mustn′t.用 must 引导的问句，肯定回答用 must，否定回答用needn′t. Must I wash my clthes nw? Yes, yu must. /N, yu needn′t.
3. 助动词will / shall + 主语 + 动词原形？ They will leave. Will they leave？ Yes, they will. / N, they wn't.4. 助动词have, has, had + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他？ Great changes have taken place in his cuntry. Have great changes taken place in his cuntry? Yes, they have. / N, they haven't.
5. 助动词d, des, did + 动词原形 （难点） They have bread fr breakfast. D they have bread fr breakfast ? Yes, they d. / N, they dn't. He sings very well. Des he sing very well ? Yes, he des. / N, he desn't. The students planted several trees n the hill yesterday. Did the students plant several trees n the hill yesterday? Yes, they did. / N, they didn't.
陈述句变一般疑问句应注意的事项：1.如果陈述句中有第一人称，则变问句时最好要变为第二人称。 例：I usually have lunch at schl. →D yu usually have lunch at schl? My father is playing sccer. →Is yur father playing sccer?2.如果陈述句中有sme, 则变问句时往往要变成any 。 例： There is sme water n the playgrund. →Is there any water n the playgrund?3．如果句中含有实义动词have且表示“有”的意思时,除借d外， 也可将其直接提到句首。 例：I have sme friends in America. →Have yu any friends in America? Yes, I have. (N, I haven't.) D yu have any friends in America? Yes, I d. (N, I dn't.)
4．用N开头作否定回答时, 结尾要加上 nt。 因为回答一般是三部分，所以否定回答一般缩写， 而肯定回答不能缩写。 Did Thmas cme here yesterday? Yes, he did./ N, he didn′t. Is Lin Lin in Class 3? Yes, she is. / N, she isn′t. 或 N, she′s nt.
陈述句变一般疑问句应注意的事项：
1. I am an English teacher. 2. These cats are crying. 3. His father ges t wrk by bus. 4. My brther has decided t tell me the truth.
随堂训练：以下句子改成否定句和一般疑问句，并作肯定和否定回答
I am nt an English teacher.
Are yu an English teacher? Yes, I am. / N, I'm nt.
These cats aren't crying.
Are these cats crying? Yes, they are. / N, they aren't.
His father desn't g t wrk by bus.
Des his father g t wrk by bus? Yes, he des. / N, he desn't.
My brther hasn't decided t tell me the truth.
Has yur brther decided t tell yu the truth?Yes, he has. / N, he hasn't.
1. 定义： 以疑问词开头，对句中某一成分提问的句子叫特殊疑问句。 常用的疑问词分为两类 疑问代词：what，which，wh，whm，whse 疑问副词：when, where, why, hw2. 结构：疑问词＋一般疑问句语序？　 What des she lk like﹖ Where are yu frm﹖ Hw d yu knw﹖
3. 注意： 1. 特殊疑问句有时可以有两个以上的疑问词。 When and where shall we meet? 2. 如疑问词作主语或主语的定语，即对主语或主语的定语提问， 其语序是陈述句的语序： 疑问词（＋主语）＋谓语动词＋其他成分？如： Wh is singing in the rm﹖ Whse bike is brken﹖
变特殊疑问句分为三步：一"定"：根据画线部分确定特殊疑问词，并代替画线部分。二"变"：将句子变成一般疑问句。三"提"：将特殊疑问词提前。
一定：She will g t Canada when.
二变：Will she g t Canda when ?
三提：When will she g t Canada ?
肯定句 She will g t Canada next year.
1.He is my are under the tree.3.I ften watch TV after dinner.
He is wh. Is he wh? Wh is he ?
They are where. Are they where? Where are they ?
I ften d what after dinner. D yu ften d what after dinner?What d yu ften d after dinner ?
随堂训练：用“三步法”就划线部分提问。
疑问代词 ：wh，whm，whse，which，what的用法。
（1）wh 谁（主格），在疑问句中作主语、宾语和表语。
The girl is Alice. (表语)
Alice is frm Japan. (主语)
He likes Alice. (宾语)
des he like?
(疑问词 + 一般问句)
（2）whm 谁（宾格），在疑问句中作宾语。
They are lking fr Alice. (宾语)
（3）whse 谁的（指所属关系），在疑问句中主要 作定语，有时也可作表语。
This is Alice’s pen. (定语)
This pen is mine. (表语)
His pen is blue. (定语)
（4）which 哪个、哪些(用来指对人或物在一定范围以内进行选择)，在疑问句中主要作宾语，有时也作宾语或主语。
The girl in red is my sister. (后置定语)
yur sister ?
I like the red cat. (前置定语)
d yu like ?
(Which + n. + 一般问句？)
（5）what 什么，通常指事物，也可询问人的职业或身份。 在疑问句中主要作主语，宾语，表语或定语。
He is a teacher. (表语)
A bk is n the desk. (主语)
n the desk？
He bught a bk yesterday. (宾语)
疑问副词 ：when，where，why，hw
（1）when 在何时。在疑问句中主要时间状语，表语。
He will cme back next week. (状语)
His birthday was Octber 1,1989. (表语)
his birthday ?
（2）where 在哪、去哪。在疑问句中作地点状语，表语。
He lives in Shanghai. (状语)
des he live ?
He is in Shanghai nw. (表语)
（3）why 为什么。在疑问句中主要原因状语。
He stayed at hme because he was ill. (状语)
did he stay
（4）hw 怎么样，如何。在疑问句中主要方式状语、表语 或(Hw + adj. / adv…?)。
I learned English by myself. (方式状语)
did yu learn
The stry is very interesting. (表语)
Ya Ming is tw meters tall. (程度状语)
1. I want red. What clur d yu want?2. I’m in Class 5. What class are yu in？3. I’d like t jin the music club. What club wuld yu like t jin?4. I want size M. What size d yu want?5. I can speak English. What language can yu speak?
特殊疑问句的答语重点是对疑问词的回答，因此，不能用yes或n。在回答时，可以用一个词或短语，也可以用一个较完整的句子。
1. —Wh has brrwed yur bk? ( Jack )
—Jack has brrwed my bk.
2. —When was he brn? ( 2004 )
—He was brn in 2004.
3. —Where is he nw ? ( Shanghai )
—He is in Shanghai nw.
there be 句型
结构： “There be + 主语 + 状语”含义： 用来表示“在……有……”的存在关系； 倒装句的一种，be动词在主语之前， there只是引导词，并无实际含义。 There is a kite in the sky.注意：There be 句型中，be动词可替换成表示“存在、具有”等意思的动词lie, stand, live, cme等。There lived a big family here.
1. 就近原则： There be句型中，谓语动词和后面的主语在单复数方面保持一致。如果有两个或更多的主语，则与离动词最近的那个主语保持一致。There is sme milk and apples n the table.There are sme apples and milk n the table. 2. There be 句型的否定句式和疑问句式。 否定句式：直接在be动词后接nt，或者n. There isn't any milk in the fridge. There is n milk in the fridge. 一般疑问句：be动词提前到句首，sme变any，其它照抄， 最后句号改问号。 There are sme bananas n the table. Are there any bananas n the table?
1. 现在有 there is/are … （Is / Are ） 2. 过去有 there was/were… (Was / Were ) 过去曾经有 there used t be … (Did there use t ) 3. 将来有 there will be… (Will there )； there is /are ging t be... 4. 现在已经有 there has/have been… (Has / Have there ) 5. 可能有 there might be... 6. 肯定有 there must be …/ 肯定有过there must have been...
3. There be 句型中，谓语动词be的人称、时态变化。（包括：一般现在时，一般过去时，现在完成时，过去完成时， 一般将来时），be前还可接情态动词。
5. 辨析 there be 句型 和 have（1）there be 句型强调在某处存在某人或某物，不强调归谁所有； There are fur members in my family.（2）have表示某人拥有某物或某人，强调所有关系。 We have a happy family.
4. （1）“There be sb. ding sth. + 地点 / 时间” There is smene singing in the hall. （2）“There is + n + 名词 + t d...” There is n need t thank me. It's my duty. There is n reasn t give in.
Hmewrk《初中语法复习：简单句之否定句式，一般疑问句，特殊疑问句和there be 句型练习》（建议打印出来，写答案）