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题型四 短文填空+课件+2024年中考英语人教版一轮复习专题突破
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这是一份题型四 短文填空+课件+2024年中考英语人教版一轮复习专题突破，共41页。PPT课件主要包含了考情分析，真题范例，专题精练，解题技能，考 情 分 析，真 题范 例，what，cleaned，because，hundreds等内容，欢迎下载使用。
“短文填空”的考查方式是给出一篇200词左右的短文，要求考生通读短文，掌握大意，然后补全短文，每空一词。其中所填单词主要以八大词类(名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词、介词、连词、冠词等)为主，要求考生能根据上下文语境判断是否需要进行词形变化，如名词复数，动词单数第三人称形式、过去式、过去分词、现在分词(动名词)，形容词、副词比较级、最高级，代词变主格、宾格、所有格、名词性物主代词、反身代词等基本形式变化；同时要注意单词大小写。
往年的“短文填空”语篇设置10个空，不提供选项或提示词，每空限填一词。而2023年发生新变化，语篇设置10个空，提供12个提示词，要求考生选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，每词仅用一次，有两词为多余项。难度有所下降。
(2023·广东)请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使文章完整连贯。注意每空一词，每词仅用一次，有两词为多余项。
it either be because what else by invent clean ppular habit hundred
There is a small thing we use every day.We usually put 66. in the bathrm.Withut it，we might have tth prblems.Can yu guess 67.______ it is? Yes，it’s the tthbrush.But d yu knw anything abut its histry?
语篇解读：本文介绍了牙刷的发明史和意义。
Accrding t sme research，befre tthbrushes appeared，the ancient Chinese peple 68. their teeth with sme small tree branches(树枝).Abut 800 years ag，peple made a kind f brushes with pig hair and bamb.It might 69. the wrld’s earliest frm f tthbrushes.As time went 70. ，the frms f tthbrushes changed.Fr example，peple chse hrse-tail hair instead f pig hair 71. pig hair was t hard.Imagine that yu travel back t 72. f years ag and brush yur teeth cmfrtably.It sunds fantastic，desn’t it?
Arund the 15th century，the Chinese tthbrush fund its way int Eurpe.It became 73. amng lcal peple sn.The 74._________ f tthbrushes was nt as famus as that f paper-making，but it was very useful in daily life.Tday we have a gd 75. f brushing teeth.We shuld thank the ancient Chinese fr it.
类型一 12选10的短文填空一、初读短文，审清题意(一)审单词： 理解词意，观察并联想所给的12个单词将单词的变形提到第一步就能避免思路的混乱，也会加深对单词的理解，有助于在做题过程中更方便、迅速、准确地选择单词。单词要考虑时态变化、词形变化(尤其注意动词的4变化：三单、过去式、过去分词、现在分词)、相关短语、特别考点等。
示例讲解(以2023广东中考为例)：
1.it→its→itself2.either→→否定句句末“也”3.be→4变化→可构成被动语态、进行时4.because→because＋句子→because f5.what→疑问词，“什么”→引导宾语从句6.else→“其他的”，放在疑问词或不定代词后7.by→各种用法→固定搭配
8.invent→动词4变化→inventin→inventins9.clean→动词4变化→形容词，“干净的”10.ppular→mre ppular→mst ppular→be ppular with11.habit→habits12.hundred→数字＋hundred→hundreds f
(二)审短文，观察每个词的左邻右舍通读全文，了解短文大意，通过上、下文的句子充分理解短文的内容和要旨。要重视首句，善于以首句的时态、语气为立足点，理清文脉，推测全文时态、主题及大意。注意发现固定搭配关系，凭借语感积极主动地猜测空格中所缺的信息，根据需要去备选词汇中寻找匹配的答案，做好第一步的预测。
二、复读短文，确定语义，判断词形在选定单词后，不要轻率地填入。在填词过程中，需要“瞻前顾后”，既要符合本句的含义又要保证句式结构的正确。1.词性判断通过空格前后的单词来确定空格中应填入什么词性的单词，从而缩小选择范围。要掌握词性判断法，首先就应该在平常的单词学习中注意留意单词的词性。其次是要知道词形转换。比如，rain，ice 等名词怎么转换成形容词；happy，ill 等形容词怎么转换成名词等等。
2.句意判断通过词性判断缩小选择范围后，再结合意义在这个较小的范围中选择单词。词性判断缩小范围，句意判断确定唯一答案。3.借助句子结构判断通过对句子结构进行分析后，判断空格部分缺什么成分，然后再结合句意进行选择。学会分析句子成分、基本句型和短语结构很重要！
三、细读短文，上下参照，验证答案在短文的空白处分别填上一个词后，将完成的短文再细读一遍，上下参照，连贯思考。可从上下文内容是否协调一致、逻辑是否通顺、语法结构是否正确无误等方面进行综合验证，凡有疑问必须重新推敲考虑。
类型二 盲填形式的短文填空1.跳过空格，通读全文，把握大意通篇跨空直读，忽略填空部分，通过短文原有词汇的辅助，对短文进行推测、想象和分析，通读结束后使短文形成一个符合逻辑、意思完整的篇章。2.复读短文，结合语境，确定词义在通读的基础上，以句子为单位，对需要填空的部分进行仔细推敲，考虑填词的方向：一方面，在词义上必须要和短文内容相符；另一方面，在形式上必须要符合语法规则和习惯用法。
3.周密分析，上下兼顾，确定词性就所填入的单词，从其词性入手，考虑其词形变化。4.依据搭配，遵循语法，确定答案
easy mistake nly befre suggest travelcver pain thugh stne change nthing
Lng lng ag，peple always walked barefted(光脚地).A king happened t 1. far int the cuntryside.He was greatly trubled because there were lts f brken 2. n the rad and they hurt his feet seriusly.When he returned t his palace，he tld his men t 3. all the rads with cattle hide(牛皮).He hped walking wuld n lnger be a(n) 4. thing.But even if all cattle in the cuntry were killed，there wuldn’t be enugh hide t get the wrk dne.
They culd d 5. but shake their heads.At this time，a clever general in the palace made a 6. ，“My king，why dn’t yu take an easy way? Yu dn’t need t kill s many cattle.Yu 7.______ cver each f yur feet with a piece f hide.” The king was surprised and pleased，and he 8. his mind at nce and supprted the plan.
This is why peple use hide t make shes.9. it seems strange，it encurages us t think.It is usually 10. t change neself than t change the wrld.Try t put yurself in the psitin f the persn yu deal with.Then when yu use anther way f thinking，yu will find it is nt difficult fr yu t slve the prblem.
them surprise because take put by little have jin care life s
Hw des the tea plant grw? This term，sme students gt their answers in the schl’s rftp(屋顶) garden.Many schls have built small gardens n their teaching building’s rftp.Sme students planted tea plants there.While taking 1. f tea plants，they als did experiments t learn mre abut tea.
Hw t make egg sup and sandwiches? Sme students learned t ck in an after-schl cking club.T parents’ 2. ，their kids culd ck sme simple dishes in a shrt time.
In the past，Chinese children were smetimes busier after schl 3.________ they had t take s many after-schl classes.Nw，students jin all kinds f clubs.Why d students have free time t 4. up their hbbies? Because China has intrduced the duble reductin plicy.It hpes t ease(减轻) students’ learning burden(负担) 5. reducing hmewrk and after-schl classes.
Students’ lives 6. changed a lt since the plicy was carried ut.On the ne hand，their hmewrk is clearly 7. than befre，and they aren’t encuraged t buy wrkbks(练习册) any mre.Teenagers have mre chances t get knwledge frm the real 8. .This is a much better way than just hitting the bks.On the ther hand，students spend mre time 9. after-schl clubs.They get lts f life skills frm these clrful clubs and have enugh time t relax and think fr 10. .It’s believed that the duble reductin plicy makes a difference t students’ lives.
make I but difficult what with knife truble hw speak while help
Tw years ag，I gt a jb in a Chinese-Canadian cmpany in Vancuver(温哥华).One day my new bss said he wuld invite 1. t lunch t celebrate my new jb in a Chinese restaurant.“A Chinese restaurant? Chpsticks? Oh，n! Will I 2. a lt f mistakes？” I thught.
That evening，I spent tw whle hurs trying t learn hw t use chpsticks 3. I didn’t succeed.I called my penfriend and asked her fr 4. .She patiently explained the prper way f hlding them.“Luise，it’s nt that 5. ，” she said.“That’s easy fr yu t say，” I replied.“Yu’ve been eating 6. chpsticks all yur life.It’s natural fr yu！”
The next day，when my bss tk tw c-wrkers and me t the restaurant，he 7. t the waiter in Chinese.My heart was beating fast.Hwever，instead f chpsticks，we all had 8. ，frks and spns.I didn’t understand at first，but then，it hit me.My bss knew that I wuld have 9. with chpsticks.S he had arranged fr us t be served with knives，frks and spns.10. kind he was!
When I was a kid，my dad tk me t the Olympics and we saw the 400m final.A runner 1. Arthur wn it and that really shcked me.I remembered it s well.I even wrte an article abut 2. .I was never gd enugh fr the Olympics myself,3. I tried running.I wanted t 4. fit，and liked the challenge.After 27，I began t play tennis.At 65，I started hurdling(跨栏) again.When I was 71，I wn the 200m hurdling 5. the ldest persn.When I was 80，I brke the wrld recrd.I wuld keep ding it and I wuld never change 6. mind.Nw I’m 89，but I still d a cuple f press-ups(俯卧撑) nce 7. twice a week.
called/named
T my pleasure，my family 8. tgether in ur nice garden every day，like running，dancing and jumping.We live a healthy 9.____ because we have gd living habits.My dream is t run the 100m at 100—nly 10. eleven years t g—and then t live t 120.N matter what cmes my way，I will keep it.
One day，five peple were waiting fr an interview in a rm f a cmpany.They culdn’t use the phne r the Internet inside the rm,1.____ they culd d whatever they liked.On the first day,2. f the five peple were excited.They were talking abut their bright future ludly.Until five ’clck in the afternn,3. was n interview.On the secnd day，they came again fr the interview.But 4. their surprise，there was still n news abut the interview.Tw f them gt upset.
On the 5. mrning，they arrived earlier.Still n news came.By mid-day，mst f them were angry.Sme thught the cmpany did nt care fr them.Sme regretted cming here.Only ne man was 6.________ frm thers.He was happy all thse days.He kept smiling while the thers cmplained(抱怨).At the end f that day，the 7. appeared.He said that their interview had ended and nly the happy man was chsen.They asked the bss 8. he decided t chse the man.The bss 9._________________，“We want smene that can keep happy in whatever situatins.Keeping happy is an ability.”
answered/replied
We can’t cntrl everything，but at 10. we can find smething that makes us happy every day even if we’re in truble.
“短文填空”的考查方式是给出一篇200词左右的短文，要求考生通读短文，掌握大意，然后补全短文，每空一词。其中所填单词主要以八大词类(名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词、介词、连词、冠词等)为主，要求考生能根据上下文语境判断是否需要进行词形变化，如名词复数，动词单数第三人称形式、过去式、过去分词、现在分词(动名词)，形容词、副词比较级、最高级，代词变主格、宾格、所有格、名词性物主代词、反身代词等基本形式变化；同时要注意单词大小写。
往年的“短文填空”语篇设置10个空，不提供选项或提示词，每空限填一词。而2023年发生新变化，语篇设置10个空，提供12个提示词，要求考生选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，每词仅用一次，有两词为多余项。难度有所下降。
(2023·广东)请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使文章完整连贯。注意每空一词，每词仅用一次，有两词为多余项。
it either be because what else by invent clean ppular habit hundred
There is a small thing we use every day.We usually put 66. in the bathrm.Withut it，we might have tth prblems.Can yu guess 67.______ it is? Yes，it’s the tthbrush.But d yu knw anything abut its histry?
语篇解读：本文介绍了牙刷的发明史和意义。
Accrding t sme research，befre tthbrushes appeared，the ancient Chinese peple 68. their teeth with sme small tree branches(树枝).Abut 800 years ag，peple made a kind f brushes with pig hair and bamb.It might 69. the wrld’s earliest frm f tthbrushes.As time went 70. ，the frms f tthbrushes changed.Fr example，peple chse hrse-tail hair instead f pig hair 71. pig hair was t hard.Imagine that yu travel back t 72. f years ag and brush yur teeth cmfrtably.It sunds fantastic，desn’t it?
Arund the 15th century，the Chinese tthbrush fund its way int Eurpe.It became 73. amng lcal peple sn.The 74._________ f tthbrushes was nt as famus as that f paper-making，but it was very useful in daily life.Tday we have a gd 75. f brushing teeth.We shuld thank the ancient Chinese fr it.
类型一 12选10的短文填空一、初读短文，审清题意(一)审单词： 理解词意，观察并联想所给的12个单词将单词的变形提到第一步就能避免思路的混乱，也会加深对单词的理解，有助于在做题过程中更方便、迅速、准确地选择单词。单词要考虑时态变化、词形变化(尤其注意动词的4变化：三单、过去式、过去分词、现在分词)、相关短语、特别考点等。
示例讲解(以2023广东中考为例)：
1.it→its→itself2.either→→否定句句末“也”3.be→4变化→可构成被动语态、进行时4.because→because＋句子→because f5.what→疑问词，“什么”→引导宾语从句6.else→“其他的”，放在疑问词或不定代词后7.by→各种用法→固定搭配
8.invent→动词4变化→inventin→inventins9.clean→动词4变化→形容词，“干净的”10.ppular→mre ppular→mst ppular→be ppular with11.habit→habits12.hundred→数字＋hundred→hundreds f
(二)审短文，观察每个词的左邻右舍通读全文，了解短文大意，通过上、下文的句子充分理解短文的内容和要旨。要重视首句，善于以首句的时态、语气为立足点，理清文脉，推测全文时态、主题及大意。注意发现固定搭配关系，凭借语感积极主动地猜测空格中所缺的信息，根据需要去备选词汇中寻找匹配的答案，做好第一步的预测。
二、复读短文，确定语义，判断词形在选定单词后，不要轻率地填入。在填词过程中，需要“瞻前顾后”，既要符合本句的含义又要保证句式结构的正确。1.词性判断通过空格前后的单词来确定空格中应填入什么词性的单词，从而缩小选择范围。要掌握词性判断法，首先就应该在平常的单词学习中注意留意单词的词性。其次是要知道词形转换。比如，rain，ice 等名词怎么转换成形容词；happy，ill 等形容词怎么转换成名词等等。
2.句意判断通过词性判断缩小选择范围后，再结合意义在这个较小的范围中选择单词。词性判断缩小范围，句意判断确定唯一答案。3.借助句子结构判断通过对句子结构进行分析后，判断空格部分缺什么成分，然后再结合句意进行选择。学会分析句子成分、基本句型和短语结构很重要！
三、细读短文，上下参照，验证答案在短文的空白处分别填上一个词后，将完成的短文再细读一遍，上下参照，连贯思考。可从上下文内容是否协调一致、逻辑是否通顺、语法结构是否正确无误等方面进行综合验证，凡有疑问必须重新推敲考虑。
类型二 盲填形式的短文填空1.跳过空格，通读全文，把握大意通篇跨空直读，忽略填空部分，通过短文原有词汇的辅助，对短文进行推测、想象和分析，通读结束后使短文形成一个符合逻辑、意思完整的篇章。2.复读短文，结合语境，确定词义在通读的基础上，以句子为单位，对需要填空的部分进行仔细推敲，考虑填词的方向：一方面，在词义上必须要和短文内容相符；另一方面，在形式上必须要符合语法规则和习惯用法。
3.周密分析，上下兼顾，确定词性就所填入的单词，从其词性入手，考虑其词形变化。4.依据搭配，遵循语法，确定答案
easy mistake nly befre suggest travelcver pain thugh stne change nthing
Lng lng ag，peple always walked barefted(光脚地).A king happened t 1. far int the cuntryside.He was greatly trubled because there were lts f brken 2. n the rad and they hurt his feet seriusly.When he returned t his palace，he tld his men t 3. all the rads with cattle hide(牛皮).He hped walking wuld n lnger be a(n) 4. thing.But even if all cattle in the cuntry were killed，there wuldn’t be enugh hide t get the wrk dne.
They culd d 5. but shake their heads.At this time，a clever general in the palace made a 6. ，“My king，why dn’t yu take an easy way? Yu dn’t need t kill s many cattle.Yu 7.______ cver each f yur feet with a piece f hide.” The king was surprised and pleased，and he 8. his mind at nce and supprted the plan.
This is why peple use hide t make shes.9. it seems strange，it encurages us t think.It is usually 10. t change neself than t change the wrld.Try t put yurself in the psitin f the persn yu deal with.Then when yu use anther way f thinking，yu will find it is nt difficult fr yu t slve the prblem.
them surprise because take put by little have jin care life s
Hw des the tea plant grw? This term，sme students gt their answers in the schl’s rftp(屋顶) garden.Many schls have built small gardens n their teaching building’s rftp.Sme students planted tea plants there.While taking 1. f tea plants，they als did experiments t learn mre abut tea.
Hw t make egg sup and sandwiches? Sme students learned t ck in an after-schl cking club.T parents’ 2. ，their kids culd ck sme simple dishes in a shrt time.
In the past，Chinese children were smetimes busier after schl 3.________ they had t take s many after-schl classes.Nw，students jin all kinds f clubs.Why d students have free time t 4. up their hbbies? Because China has intrduced the duble reductin plicy.It hpes t ease(减轻) students’ learning burden(负担) 5. reducing hmewrk and after-schl classes.
Students’ lives 6. changed a lt since the plicy was carried ut.On the ne hand，their hmewrk is clearly 7. than befre，and they aren’t encuraged t buy wrkbks(练习册) any mre.Teenagers have mre chances t get knwledge frm the real 8. .This is a much better way than just hitting the bks.On the ther hand，students spend mre time 9. after-schl clubs.They get lts f life skills frm these clrful clubs and have enugh time t relax and think fr 10. .It’s believed that the duble reductin plicy makes a difference t students’ lives.
make I but difficult what with knife truble hw speak while help
Tw years ag，I gt a jb in a Chinese-Canadian cmpany in Vancuver(温哥华).One day my new bss said he wuld invite 1. t lunch t celebrate my new jb in a Chinese restaurant.“A Chinese restaurant? Chpsticks? Oh，n! Will I 2. a lt f mistakes？” I thught.
That evening，I spent tw whle hurs trying t learn hw t use chpsticks 3. I didn’t succeed.I called my penfriend and asked her fr 4. .She patiently explained the prper way f hlding them.“Luise，it’s nt that 5. ，” she said.“That’s easy fr yu t say，” I replied.“Yu’ve been eating 6. chpsticks all yur life.It’s natural fr yu！”
The next day，when my bss tk tw c-wrkers and me t the restaurant，he 7. t the waiter in Chinese.My heart was beating fast.Hwever，instead f chpsticks，we all had 8. ，frks and spns.I didn’t understand at first，but then，it hit me.My bss knew that I wuld have 9. with chpsticks.S he had arranged fr us t be served with knives，frks and spns.10. kind he was!
When I was a kid，my dad tk me t the Olympics and we saw the 400m final.A runner 1. Arthur wn it and that really shcked me.I remembered it s well.I even wrte an article abut 2. .I was never gd enugh fr the Olympics myself,3. I tried running.I wanted t 4. fit，and liked the challenge.After 27，I began t play tennis.At 65，I started hurdling(跨栏) again.When I was 71，I wn the 200m hurdling 5. the ldest persn.When I was 80，I brke the wrld recrd.I wuld keep ding it and I wuld never change 6. mind.Nw I’m 89，but I still d a cuple f press-ups(俯卧撑) nce 7. twice a week.
called/named
T my pleasure，my family 8. tgether in ur nice garden every day，like running，dancing and jumping.We live a healthy 9.____ because we have gd living habits.My dream is t run the 100m at 100—nly 10. eleven years t g—and then t live t 120.N matter what cmes my way，I will keep it.
One day，five peple were waiting fr an interview in a rm f a cmpany.They culdn’t use the phne r the Internet inside the rm,1.____ they culd d whatever they liked.On the first day,2. f the five peple were excited.They were talking abut their bright future ludly.Until five ’clck in the afternn,3. was n interview.On the secnd day，they came again fr the interview.But 4. their surprise，there was still n news abut the interview.Tw f them gt upset.
On the 5. mrning，they arrived earlier.Still n news came.By mid-day，mst f them were angry.Sme thught the cmpany did nt care fr them.Sme regretted cming here.Only ne man was 6.________ frm thers.He was happy all thse days.He kept smiling while the thers cmplained(抱怨).At the end f that day，the 7. appeared.He said that their interview had ended and nly the happy man was chsen.They asked the bss 8. he decided t chse the man.The bss 9._________________，“We want smene that can keep happy in whatever situatins.Keeping happy is an ability.”
answered/replied
We can’t cntrl everything，but at 10. we can find smething that makes us happy every day even if we’re in truble.
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